LESSON 21
Where From? Where To?

Phrases
where from?	doko kara?
where to?	doko e? (or doko made?)
from here to there	koko kara asoko made (or koko kara asoko e)
has (or has got or is holding)	motte imas'
is holding in one's hand	te ni motte imas'
brings	motte kimas'
takes	motte ikimas'
I give it to you.	Watashi anata ni age mas'.
You give it to him	Anata kare ni agemas'.
Tanaka gives it to him.	Tanaka san kare ni age-mas'.
He gives it to you.	Kare anata ni kuremas'.
He gives it to me.	Kare watashi ni kure-mas'.
You give it to me.	Anata watashi ni kure-mas'.
Who did you get it from?	Dare kara moraimash'ta ka?
Who got (received) it? Will you get (receive) it?	Dare moraimash'ta ka? Moraimas' ka?

Practice
1.	A: Nani motte kimash'ta ka, anata? Te ni nani motte imas' ka? Nani motte imas' ka, te ni?	B: Watashi des' ka? Kore des' ka? Ā, kore ne— tegami des'. Watashi tegami moraimash'ta.
	A: Dare kara moraimash'ta ka, sono tegami?	B: Tanaka san kara des'. Tanaka san ash'ta kōkō e kimas'. Tōkyō e kimas' ne.
	A: Doko kara kimas' ka?	B: Ōsaka kara kimas'. Ima Ōsaka ni imas' ne. Sengetsu soko e ikimash'ta. Ash'ta watashi ni, Ōsaka kara no mono motte kimas'.
	A: Sō des' ka? Shigoto no mono des' ka?	B: Sō des'. Ōsaka no kōjo ("factory") Kara no mono des' ne. Tanaka san, sono momo, watashi ni kuremas'. tegami mite kudasai ne.
	A: Watashi, Nihongo no tegami wakari-masen ne. Sumimasen. Ano ne. Osaka kara, Tōkyō made, nan-jikan kakari-mas' ka.	B: Sō des' ne. san-jikan deshō ne, Osaka kara Tōkyō made. Ē, uchi ni denwa kakemashō ne. ("I think I'll just phone home..." or "Let me just phone home...") Chotto. Mā! o-kane arimasen ne. Jū en kuremasen ka?
	A: Agemas'. Koko ni arimas', jū en. Dōzo.	B: Hai, dōmo, sumi-masen.
2.	B: Moshi moshi.	Kaseifu: Moshi moshi.
	B: Ano ne. Ok'-san imas'ka?	K: Imasen, ok'-san.
	B: Sō des' ka? Ok'-san ni itte kudasai ne.	K: Hā.
	B: Tegami moraimash'ta ne.	K: Hā.
	B: Sono tegami no hanashi des' ne.	K: Hā.
	B: Tanaka san kara no tegami des' ne.	K: Hā.
	B: Tanaka san ash'ta kimas' ne.	K: Hā.
	B: Ok'-san ni ne. Sō itte kudasai ne.	K: Hai. Iimas'. Ok'-san ni iimas' ne.
	B: Dōmo. Sayonara.	K: Sayonara.
3.	A: Ok'san imash'ta ka?	B: Iie, kaseifu-san desh'ta. kaseifu-san ni iimash'ta. kaseifu-san—ok'san ni iimas' ne, ato de.
	A: Tegami jimusho e motte ikimas' ka?	B: Hai motte ikimas'. Jimusho no hito ni misemas' ("will show"). Issho ni kimas' ka?
	A: Iie, sumimasen. Yōaji ("some business") arimas'. Ato de aimashoa. Komban aimashō ne.	B: Ii des'. Mata Komban ne. Sayonara. Shitsurei shimash'ta.
	A: Sayonara. Shitsurei shimas'.

Tips

Particles are little words Japanese tack on to show more exactly what the preceding words are doing in the sentence. In some cases, they correspond to English prepositions, except that they come after the noun, rather than before: koko kara “from here,” soko made “to there,” Tōkyō e “to Tokyo,” anata ni “to you,” anata no tokoro e “to your place.” Notice that kara sometimes means “after” as well as “from”: ash’ta kara “from tomorrow” or “after tomorrow,” sore kara “after that.” For “to” you have had three particles — e, made, and ni. Ni has a terribly general meaning, so when it is a question of real physical direction in space, it is better to use e or made. These two are very similar in meaning, and you can use them more or less interchangeably, the difference is that e focuses your attention on the goal (destination), and made calls attention to the trip between (in terms of time, distance, pleasantness, etc.), Sometimes made is translated “up to” or “as far as.” There are two different words for “give” depending on just who gives whom: agemas’ (sometimes yarimas’) means someone in the IN-GROUP gives to someone in the OUT-GROUP; kure-mas’ (sometimes kudasaimas’) means someone in the OUT-GROUP gives to someone in the IN-GROUP. The in-group always includes “ME.” the out-group usually includes “HIM.” “YOU” are in the out-group with respect to “ME,” but in the in-group with respect to “HIM.”

1.	A: What have you brought? What are you holding? What do you have there in your hand?	B: Me? This? Oh, this thing, you mean—it's a letter. I got a letter.
	A: Who did you get it from, that letter?	B: It's from Mr. Tanaka. Mr. Tanaka is coming here tomorrow. He's coming to Tokyo, you see.
	A: Where is he coming from?	B: He is coming from Osaka. He's in Osaka now, you know. He went there last month. Tomorrow he's bringing me some things from Osaka.
	A: He is? Are they things connected with your job?	B: That's right. They are things from the Osaka factory. Mr. Tanaka is giving me those things. Take a look at the letter. (or Read the letter.)
	A: I don't understand letter in Japanee. I'm sorry. Uh... how long does it take from Osaka to Tokyo?	B: Let's see. It must be 3 hours, from Osaka to Tokyo. Well, I think I'll give my wife a call (and tell her about it). Excuse me a moment. Well, what do you know, I haven't got any money. Won't you give me 10 Yen.
	A: Sure (I'll give it to you). Here it is, 10 Yen. Here (please take it).	B: Ah, thank you.
2.	B: Hello.	K: Hello.
	B: Uh... is Mrs. B. at home?	K: She's not in, Mrs. B.
	B: Oh? Look, tell her for me, huh?	K: Uh-huh.
	B: I got a letter, see.	K: Uh-huh.
	B: It's about that letter, see.	K: Uh-huh.
	B: It's a letter from Mr. Tanaka, see.	K: Uh-huh.
	B: Mr. Tanaka is coming, see. He's coming tomorrow, see.	K: Mm, uh-huh.
	B: (Now when you see) Mrs. B., see... Tell her that, see.	K: Yes. I'll tell her. I'll tell Mrs. B.
	B: Thank you. (I'm being) rude Goodbye.	K: Goodbye.
3.	A: Was your wife in?	B: No, it was the maid. I told the maid. The maid will tell my wife, you see—later on.
	A: Are you going to take the letter to your office?	B: Yes, I'll take it. I'll show it to the people at the office. Will you come along?
	A: No, I'm sorry, but I've got some business. See you later. See you this evening, right?	B: Ok. Till this evening then. Goodbye. I've been rude.
	A: Goodbye. I've been rude.