Chapter 9
Biodiversity & Pharmaceutical Botany
09-2002-01-01-1000-SADRUDDIN (Department of Botany, Sherubtse College, Kanglung, Bhutan) Status of Cymbopogon in Bhutan: Present and Future Prospects, /n; Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy, V. 1, p 8 (Ref 41).
In the present paper the author has tried to unveil the potential value of lemongrass growing in Bhutan. In Bhutan three species of Cymbopogon Spreng, occur, viz. C. flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Wats., C. distans (Nees) Wats, and C. martinii var sofia (Roxb.) Wats. Besides the traditional medicinal value of crop, the pharmaceutical uses in the synthesis of vitamin A, and its role in the synthesis of Septran, an antibiotic, have been discussed. Since many improved varieties of lemongrass have been developed in India, introduction of new germplasm and improvement of existing varieties are recommended. A need to study the agro-technology, constraints and future scope of this non-conventional crop has been discussed.
09-2002-01-06-1001-ALI, Z.A. AND SINGH, V.K. (Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, 61-65 Institutional Area, Janakpuri, New Delhi 110 058, India) Plants Used for the Treatment of Skin Diseases in the Sub-Himalayan Tarai Region of Uttar Pradesh, India. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy, V. 1, p 8 (Ref 27) {see Abstract 07-2002-01-06-0852).
09-2002-01-07-1002-VIRENDRA SINGH (Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhawan Ltd., Baidyanath Bhawan Road, Patna 800 001, India) Herbal Remedies in the Traditional Medicines of the Lolab Valley in Kashmir Himalaya, India. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy, V. 1, p 9 (Ref 14) (see Abstract 07-2002-01-07-0853).
09-2002-01-13-1003-BAKO, S.P., BALARABE, M.L. AND RUGA, B.T. (Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, West Africa) Ethnobotanical, Economic and Nutritive Potentials of Aquatic Vascular Flora in the Nigerian Savanna. Zn: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy, V. 1, p 6 (Ref 13) (see Abstract 07-2002-01-13-0859).
09-2002-01-21-1004-GHULAM RASOOL [Belour Advisory and Social Development Organisation (BASDO), P.O. Box 501, Northern Areas, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan] History and Exploration of Medicinal Plants in Northern Areas of Pakistan. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy, V. 1, p 9 (Ref 7) (see Abstract 07-2002-01-21-0867).
09-2002-01-30-1005-MAIKHURI, R.K., NAUTIYAL, S., RAO, K.S. .AND SAXENA, K.G. [G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Garhwal Unit, Srinagar (Garhwal) 246 174, India] Medicinal Plants Cultivation in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve Buffer Zone Villages. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy, V. 1, p 18 (Ref 10) (see Abstract 11-2002-01-30-1226).
09-2002-01-32-1006-CRISTINA PEREZ (Catedra de Farmacologia, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, M.T. de Alvear 2142, 1122, Buenos Aires, Argentina) Medicinal Potential and Research on Leguminosae·. A Review. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy, V. 1, p 10 (Ref 53) (see Abstract 07-2002-01-32-0872).
09-2002-01-33-1007-SHARMA, C.M. AND KHANDURIU, V.P. (Department of Forestry, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Post Box 76, Srinagar, Garhwal 246 174, U.P., India) Pollen Production in Some Medicinal Temperate Himalayan Trees. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy, V. 1, p 2 (Ref 14).
The total pollen production in four anemophilous (i.e. Acer caesium, Aesculus indica, Celtis australis and Juglans regia) and one entomophilous (i.e., Lyonia oualifolia), temperate Himayalan tree species, which are of considerable aerobiological importance have been investigated on per tree basis. The results have revealed that the pollen production per anther, flower, inflorescence and tree varied considerably from one species to another. The minimum and maximum pollen production per anther were recorded in Lyonia ovalifolia (1420 ± 39.94 to 1635 ± 34.19) and Aesculus indica (3485.30 ± 89.78 to 3802.00 ± 79.56), whereas, the minimum and maximum pollen production per tree were found in Celtis australis (8.82 x 107 to 1.20 x 108) and Juglans regia (6.46 x 109 to 1.38 x 1010), respectively.
09-2003-02-03-1008-ERDEM YESILADA AND ILHAN GURBUZ (University of Gazi, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkey) A Compilation of the Studies on the Anti-ulcerogenic Effects of Medicinal Plants. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, V. 2, p 63 (Ref 302) (see Abstract 04-2003-02-03-0283).
09-2003-02-05-1009-VENKATA RAO, E. (Natco Research Centre, B-13, Industrial Estate, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, India) Herbal Drugs for Memory Enhancement: An Appraisal. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, V. 2, p 9 (Ref 31) (see Abstract 04-2003-02-05-0284).
09-2003-02-07-1010-GARG, S.C. (Department of Chemistry, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, M.P., India) Anthelmintic Activity of Some Medicinal Plant Products. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, V. 2, p 11 (Ref 77) (see Abstract 04-2003-02-07-286).
09-2003-02-09-1011-GURDIP SINGH (Department of Chemistry, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, U.P., India) Utilisation Potentials: Essential Oils from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, V. 2, p 13 (Ref 28) (see Abstract 07-2003-02-09-0874).
09-2003-02-10-1012-MOHAMMAD ALI [Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India] Biological Activities of Some Indian Medicinal Plants. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, V. 2, p 7 (Ref 7) (see Abstract 04-2003-02-10-0288).
09-2003-02-14-1013-SAXENA, R.B. [Indian Institute of Ayurveda for Drug Research, Central Council for Research in Ayurved and Siddha, Tarikhet (Ranikhet), India] A Review on Saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.). In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, V. 2, p 12 (Ref 50) (see Abstract 04-2003-02-14-0291).
09-2003-03-01-1014-NEETA SHARMA (Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226 001, U.P., India) Era of Phytocosmetics. In: Aesthetics, V. 3, p 22 (Ref 00).
The paper provides information on the use of various medicinal plants like Basil, Bay, Bergamot, Camphor, Camomile, Cyprus, Ceder wood, Cinnamon, Clove, Cardamom, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Myrrh, Marjoram, Neroli, Orange, Petitgrain, Patchouli, Peppermint, Pepper, Pine, Rose, Rosemary, Sage, Sandalwood, Tangerine, Thyme, Thuja, Vetiver, Ylang Ylang, as medical cure and in beautycare. The use of such plants has the negligible risk of harm. Besides, various natural cleansers, freshners, astringents, moisturizers, conditioners, exfoliators, facials along with their recipes have been discussed. The history of use of plants as cosmetics since 4500 B.C., particularly those used by Egyptians not only during their lifetime but after death to their journey to new life is also given.
09-2003-03-02-1015-ASHA KHANNA (Stayyung Enterprises, Flat No. 556, Sector 28, Noida 201303, Distt. Gautam Budh Nagar, U.P., India) Non Surgical Removal of Post Burn Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids with Carica papaya. In: Aesthetics, V. 3, p 38 (Ref 86) (see Abstract 06-2003-03-02-0675).
09-2003-03-03-1016-ANSARI, S.H. AND SARFAROZ AHMED (Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110 062, India) Hair Care and Herbs. In: Aesthetics, V. 3, p 13 (Ref 25).
The communication details indepth information on present scenario of research on medicinal plants, particularly their role at PHC level, importance of plant derived drugs and their combating human and cattle diseases including skin diseases, dandruff, hair problems, baldness, etc. 28 medicinal species widely used, particularly for hair care have been listed.
09-2003-03-04-1017-ASHA KHANNA (Stayyung Enterprises, Flat No. 556, Sector 28, Noida 201303, Distt. Gautam Budh Nagar, U.P., India) Glossary of Common Substances in Beauty Care) Glossary of Common Substances in Beauty Care. In: Aesthetics, V. 3, p 14 (Ref 31) {see Abstract 06-2003-03-04-0676).
09-2003-03-05-1018-ASHA KHANNA (Stayyung Enterprises, Flat No. 556, Sector 28, Noida 201303, Distt. Gautam Budh Nagar, U.P., India) Plants in Beauty Care and Beauty Products. In: Aesthetics, V. 3, p31 (Ref 20).
Water is good for the life and suppleness of the skin, and a source of nutrition for the skin. If additional nutrients are added to this water, it becomes better for the health of the skin. Plant juices in the form of vegetable and fruit juices are sources of various nutrients and active constituents and so are best for the health of the skin and their use on the skin restores not only its suppleness but, also, improves the aesthetics of the skin and delays the ageing process. The various active constituents and their medicinal properties have been discussed and also their application and various methods of using plant extracts in cosmetology have been mentioned.
09-2003-03-06-1019-GURDIP SINGH (Department of Chemistry, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, India) Aromatherapy — An Alternative to Modern Medicine. In: Aesthetics, V. 3, p 10 (Ref 30).
Historical back up and scientific methods of aromatherapy have been described. These methods enhance the knowledge about the effects of fragrance compounds and essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants on the reaction of human body and moods. New results in brain research as to the effects of fragrance compounds are discussed. Some of the interesting animal experiments have also been included in the present study.
09-2003-03-07-1020-ASIM, S.M., YUSUF, M., AMINUDDIN AND SIDDIQUI, M.K. (Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. D'Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi 110 058, India) Beauty Care in Unani Medicine. In: Aesthetics, V. 3, p 10 (Ref 14) (see Abstract 04-2003-03-07-0294).
09-2003-03-08-1021-ASHA KHANNA (Stayyung Enterprises, Flat No. 556, Sector 28, Noida 201303, Distt. Gautam Budh Nagar, U.P., India) Useful Formulae of Modern Day Cosmetics. In: Aesthetics, V. 3, p 15 (Ref 5) (see Abstract 04-2003-03-08-0295).
09-2003-03-09-1022-SHAMIMA HASHMI AND SINGH, V.K. [Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Post Box 70, Aligarh 202 001, India] Herbal Drugs for Hair and Face Care in Unani System of Medicine — A Contribution. In: Aesthetics, V. 3, p 14 (Ref 10).
The paper reviews the common hair problems and facial care in either sexes and their possible remedies through use of plant drugs mentioned in the ancient literature of Unani System of Medicine. Botanical name, family, description, short description, part used for all such drugs have been given in tabular form. The study is likely to open new vistas of research for the scientific screening of all such herbs which may find solutions to most of the present day hair and face problems.
09-2003-03-10-1023-ASHA KHANNA (Stayyung Enterprises, Flat No. 556, Sector 28, Noida 201303, Distt. Gautam Budh Nagar, U.P., India) Medicinal Plants: Cosmetic and Therapeutic Uses. In: Aesthetics, V. 3, p 50 (Ref 16) (see Abstract 04-2003-03-10-0297).
09-2004-04-01-1024-RAJASEKHARAN, P.E. AND GANESHAN, S. (Division of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake, P.O. Bangalore 560 089, India) Biotechnology and Conservation of Medicinal Plants in India. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 19 (Ref 40) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-01-1155).
09-2004-04-03-1025-SUSAN EAPEN (Plant Biotechnology and Secondary Products Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India) Use of Medicinal Plants Cell Cultures in Biotechnology: Problems and Prospects. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 21 (Ref 134) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-03-1157).
09-2004-04-04-1026-BISWANATH DAS AND RATNA DAS (Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India) Biotechnological Applications in Anticancer Medicinal Plants. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 10 (Ref 58) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-04-1158).
09-2004-04-05-1027-DANIELA KAKONIOVA, IVETA JANOTKOVA, ALEXANDER LUX, DESANA LISKOVA AND DANA TEKELOVA (Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9,84238 Bratislava, Slovak Republic) In vitro Cultures of Ginkgo biloba L. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 12 (Ref 17) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-05-1159).
09-2004-04-06-1028-TRIPATHI, Y.C. (Non-Wood Forest Products Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, India) Biotechnology Towards Enhanced Production of Phytopharmaceuticals. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 23 (Ref 129) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-06-1160).
09-2004-04-07-1029-RAJENDRA, K., SHASHIKIRAN NIVAS, SMITHA HEGDE, VINITHA CARDOZA, ANURADHA, M. AND D'SOUZA, L. (Laboratory of Applied Biology, St. Aloysius College, Mangalore, India) Biotechnological Applications in Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 10 (Ref 41) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-07-1161).
09-2004-04-08-1030-JENO BERNATH (Szent Istvan University, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 1118 Budapest, Villanyi str. 29/45. Budapest) New Approaches in the Production and Biological Evaluation of Foeniculum vulgare. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 20 (Ref 53) (see Abstract 11-2004-04-08-1231).
09-2004-04-09-1031-EVA NEMETH (Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Szent Istvan University, 1118 Budapest, Villanyi str. 29, Hungary (1518 Budapest, P.O. Box 53) World Tendencies, Aims and Results of Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Breeding. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 15 (Ref 69) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-09-1163).
09-2004-04-10-1032-ABDIN, M.Z., ISRAR, M., KUMAR, P.A. AND JAIN, S.K. (Centre for Biotechnology, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India) Molecular Approaches to Enhance Artemisinin Content in Artemisia annua L. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 17 (Ref 79) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-10-1164).
09-2004-04-12-1033-ALEXANDER LUX, DESANA LISKOVA, ELENA MASAROVICOVA, DANIELA KAKONIOVA, ZORA HANACKOVA, KATARINA ARGALASOVA-SUTOVSKA, KARIN KOLLAROVA, MARIA HENSELOVA, JOSE RUIZ ORDONEZ AND ALFREDO PINEYRO-LOPEZ (Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ddbravska Cesta 9, 842 38 Bratislava, Slovakia) Biology of Karwinskia spp., Experimental Cultivation and Secondary Metabolites Production. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 26 (Ref 40) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-12-1166).
09-2004-04-13-1034-ARA KIRAKOSYAN AND PETER B. KAUFMAN (Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 375 049, Yerevan, Armenia) In vitro Cultures of Hypericum perforatum'. Secondary Metabolite Production. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 24 (Ref 51) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-13-1167).
09-2004-04-14-1035-ARTIWAN SHOTIPRUK, HENRY Y. WANG AND PETER B. KAUFMAN (Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109) Production of Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Value from Plants Using a Two-Stage Programmable Photobioreactor. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 12 (Ref 23) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-14-1168).
09-2004-04-15-1036-ROUT, G.R. (Division of Plant Biotechnology, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar 751015, India) Application of Cell Culture on Production of Secondary Metabolites: A Review. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 22 (Ref 140) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-15-1169).
09-2004-04-19-1037-KOEN PEETERS, CHRIS DE WILDE, GEERT DE JAEGER, GEERT ANGENON AND ANN DEPICKER (Department of Molecular Genetics and Plant Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) Transient Expression Systems for the Production of Recombinant Antibodies in Plants. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 12 (Ref 30) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-19-1171).
09-2004-04-20-1038-ROUT, G.R. AND DAS, P. (Division of Plant Biotechnology, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar 751 015, Orissa, India) In vitro Studies of Ginger: A Review of Recent Progress. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 20 (Ref 53) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-20-1172).
09-2004-04-21-1039-ROUT, G.R. AND DAS, P. (Division of Plant Biotechnology, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar 751 015, Orissa) Role of Growth Regulators on Micropropagation of Medicinal Plants: A Review. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 32 (Ref 179) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-21-1173).
09-2004-04-22-1040-ATUL KUMAR, BISHT, P.S. AND VANDANA A. KUMAR (College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Ranichauri 249 199, U.P., India) In vitro Conservation of Germplasm of Medicinal Plants. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 13 (Ref 33) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-22-1174).
09-2004-04-23-1041-VEENA GUPTA [National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110 012, India] Conservation Strategies for Plants Used in Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy. Zn: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 13 (Ref 11) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-23-1175).
09-2004-04-24-1042-RAJU, C.R., KAVITHA, R., REKHA, R. AND ANIL DAYAL (Biotechnology Centre for Rural Development, Mavelikara, Kerala 690 106, India) In vitro Propagation of Selected Medicinal Plants. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 12 (Ref 29) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-24-1176).
09-2004-04-25-1043-SRIVASTAVA, H.K. (Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India) Genetic and Biotechnological Approaches for Enhanced Indole Alkaloid Production in Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 15 (Ref 50) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-25-1177).
09-2004-04-26-1044-MUJIB, A., ILAH, A., GANDOTRA, N. AND ABDIN, M.Z. (Department of Botany, and Centre for Biotechnology, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India) In vitro Application to Improve Alkaloid Yield in Catharanthus roseus. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 25 (Ref 112) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-26-1178).
09-2004-04-27-1045-WILDI ECKHART AND MICHAEL WINK (Research and Development, ROOTec Gesellchaft fur Bioaktive Wirkstoffe MBH, INF 515, Technologiepark, 69120 Heidelberg) Biotechnology Potential of Hairy Root Culture. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 13 (Ref 52) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-27-1179).
09-2004-04-28-1046-SRIVASTAVA, H.K. (Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India) Biotechnology for Enhanced Production of Morphinane Alkaloids in Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum). In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 19 (Ref 82) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-28-1180).
09-2004-04-29-1047-SHANTHA KUMARI, P. (College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 522, India) Biotechnological Applications in Medicinal Plants. In: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, V. 4, p 23 (Ref 214) (see Abstract 10-2004-04-29-1181).
09-2002-05-01-1048-DHAR, A.K. (Regional Research Laboratory, Canal Road, Jammu, India) Improvement of Medicinal Plants Strategy, Constraints and Outlook. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, N. 5, p 16 (Ref 81) (see Abstract 10-2002-05-01-1182).
09-2002-05-02-1049-JASWINDER KAUR, VIRK, G.S. AND ANU SHARMA (Department of Botanical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar 143 005, India) Synthetic Seeds in Medicinal, Horticultural and Ornamental Plants: Retrospective and Perspectives. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 29 (Ref 96) (see Abstract 10-2002-05-02-1183).
09-2002-05-03-1050-TARA DUBEY AND DANIEL J. GUERRA (Department of Biology, UCCS, Colorado Springs CO80918, USA) Use of Biotechnology for Growing Medicinal Plants. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 15 (Ref 25) (see Abstract 10-2002-05-03-1184).
09-2002-05-04-1051-SAMBAMURTY, A.V.S.S. (Delhi University, Sri Venkateswara College, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110 021. India) Improvement of Crop Plants through Biotechnology and GeneticEngineering. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 26 (Ref 190) (see Abstract 10-2002-05-04-1185).
09-2002-05-05-1052-VIRK, G.S. AND JASWINDER KAUR (Department of Botanical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India) Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica A. Juss. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 7 (Ref 6) (see Abstract 10-2002-05-05-1186).
09-2002-05-06-1053-LAXMINARAYAN HEGDE AND VASANTHA KUMAR, T. [K.R.C. College of Horticulture, Arabhavi 591 310, Belgaum, Karnataka, India] Genetic Improvement in Coleus forskohlii Briq. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 9 (Ref 28) (see Abstract 10-2002-05-06-1187).
09-2002-05-07-1054-SUGUNA DEVI, M. [Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam (A Part of the Ph.D Thesis Submitted by the Author to the Bharathiar University, India) Seed Culture of Coelogyne nervosa A. Rich. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 13 (Refill (see Abstract 10-2002-05-07-1188).
09-2002-05-08-1055-CHAUHAN, S.K., GYANENDRA TIWARI, GANGRADE, S.K. AND TRIPATHI, N.K. (AICRP on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, College of Agriculture, Indore 452 001, M.P., India) Influence of Nitrogen Application Levels Through Different Sources on Andrographolide Content in Kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burn.D Wall, ex Nees]. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 4 (Ref 3) (see Abstract 10-2009-05-08-1189).
09-2002-05-09-1056-GOPINATH, K.A. AND JITENDRA PANDEY (Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India) Cultivation Practices of Isabgol (Plantago ovata), Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum), Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina) and Senna (Cassia spp.). In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 23 (Ref 47) (see Abstract 11-2002-05-09-1251).
09-2002-05-10-1057-SINGH, U.C., REETI SINGH AND PANDYA, R.K. (Department of Entomology, J.N. Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Campus College of Agriculture, Gwalior 474 001, India) Cultivation Practices of Mentha (Mentha spp.) and Datura (Datura spp.). In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 13 (Ref 23) (see Abstract 11-2002-05-10-1252).
09-2002-05-11-1058-RAVINDRA MULGE, MADALGERI, M.B. AND SHIVAKUMAR, B.G. (KRC College of Horticulture, Arabhavi 591 310, India) Cultivation Practices of Basella (Basella spp.) and Celery (Apium graveolens). In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 12 (Ref 61) (see Abstract 11-2002-05-11-1253).
09-2002-05-12-1059-KANJILAL, P.B., BORDOLOI, S., KALITA, R., BARMAN, P. AND SINGH, R.S. (Division of Plant Sciences and Ecology Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat 785 006, India) Cultivation Practices of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) and Spiderling (Boerhaavia diffusa) in Assam, India. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 6 (Ref 5) (see Abstract 11-2002-05-12-1254).
09-2002-05-13-1060-SHTVAKUMAR, B.G., JITENDRA PANDEY, THIPPESWAMY, H.M., RAVINDRA MULGE AND SHANTHA KUMAR, G. (Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India) Cultivation Practices of Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium), Belladonna (Atropa spp.) and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera). In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 16 (Ref 64) (see Abstract 11-2002-05-13-1255).
09-2002-05-14-1061-RALJAN, S., SURESH BABURAJ, D. AND RAMSUNDAR [Survey of Medicinal Plants and Collection Unit (H), Udhgamandalam 643 002, India] Introduction and Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 14 (Ref 16) (see Abstract 11-2002-05-14-1256).
09-2002-05-15-1062-OUDHIA, P. AND TRIPATHI, R.S. (Department of Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur 492 012, India) Prospects of Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in Chhattisgarh, India. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 25 (Ref 50) (see Abstract 11-2002-05-15-1257).
09-2002-05-16-1063-GHOSHAL, K.K., GHOSE, S.K. AND ASHIM CHOWDHURY (Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India) Status and Prospect of Medicinal Plants Cultivation in West Bengal, India. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 10 (Ref 4) (see Abstract 11-2002-05-16-1258).
09-2002-05-17-1064-SHRIVASTAVA, J.L. AND ALKA JHA (State Forest Research Institute, Polipathar, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India) Cultivation Practices for Commercially Important Medicinal Plants of Madhya Pradesh, India. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 11 (Ref 00) (see Abstract 11-2002-05-17-1259).
09-2002-05-18-1065-DIKSHIT, A.P. AND KULKARNI, A.R. [General Manager, AFC and Coordinator, Regional Centre, National Afforestation and Eco-development Board (MoEF), GOI, Mumbai, Member of the Task Force on Conservation Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants Set up by the Planning Commission, Govt, of India (1999)] Sustainable Conservation and Development Strategies for Indian Medicinal Plants. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 20 (Ref 14) (see Abstract 11-2002-05-18-1260).
09-2002-05-19-1066-GIOVANNI SANNA-PASSINO, EMANUELA BAZZONI, MARIO D.L. MORETTI (Dipartimento Protez. Piante. Sez. Entomologia Agraria, Via de Nicola, 07100 Sassari, Italy) Recent Studies on Essential Oils Formulations Used for Control of Insect Pests of Cultivated Plants. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 16 (Ref 66) (.see Abstract 05-2002-05-19-0654).
09-2002-05-20-1067-SAXENA, R.B. [Regional Research Institute-Ayurveda, Central Council for Research in Ayurved and Siddha, Tarikhet (Ranikhet) 263 663, India] A Review on Cultivation of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 25 (Ref 115) (see Abstract 11-2002-05-20-1261).
09-2002-05-22-1068-MS.ALKA SHIVA (President and Managing Director, Centre of Minor Forest Products, Indirapuram, Dehra Dun, India) Contribution of Medicinal Plants in Trade: Imbalances and Prospects. Zn: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 24 (Ref 9).
Out of total export of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) from India, medicinal plants contribute to about 9% being next to edible products. In addition, a large quantity is consumed by a large number of manufacturers of Ayurvedic, Unani, Homoeopathic and Allopathic medicines. But no data of quantities used by them are available as manufacturers keep them as trade secret. Therefore, data on actual production of medicinal plants are not available. Trade figures, however, offer atleast 33 to 40% of entire production. The greatest weakness for inability to obtain sustained production has been owing to the fact that extraction of medicinal plants has been generally made from naturally regenerating forests without replenishing the depleting stock and due to irregular planning. However, it is heartening that there has always been the growing demand of medicinal plants which is likely to increase in future.
09-2002-05-23-1069-MISRA, R.S. AND SRIRAM, S. (Regional Centre of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Bhubaneswar 751 019, India) Medicinal Value and Export Potential of Tropical Tuber Crops. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 14 (Ref 29).
Besides being used as a staple or subsistence food for energy bv millions in the developing countries, Tropical tuber crops are also popular for their medicinal properties. Amorphophallus, Asparagus, Dioscorea, Coleus, Colocasia and other tropical tuber crops are used in preparing Ayurvedic and Unani medicines for several diseases. Some of the chronic diseases like piles, rheumatism, arthritis etc. are effectively cured by using indigenous medicines prepared from tuber crops. Many tuber crops are used as stimulant, tonic, carminative, diuretic and expectorant. Dioscorea tubers, besides being used in crude form as indigenous medicine, are also used for the bulk synthesis of various steroid drugs used in modern medicine. These crops also offer tremendous export opportunities due to their high yield potential and favourable climate conditions prevalent in India. The medicinal properties of major and minor tropical tuber crops and their export potential are discussed in this paper.
09-2002-05-24-1070-BHALLA, J.K., SAILAJA, V. AND HARITHA, C.H. (Cytogenetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Osmania, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India) Medicinal Plants with Special Reference to their Commercial Value and Export Potential. In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 16 (Ref 13).
The boom in herbal drug industry has put India on the global market. The country can reap rich harvest by sustainably utilizing the vast medicinal plants diversity. When a pluralistic health culture is emerging the world over, the traditional medical systems, which are a healthy living tradition, should clearly define their position in curing diseases. The immediate need is to monitor the over-harvesting of forests for natural products. Utmost importance should be given to conservation of the two hot spots of diversity the Himalayas and Western Ghats. Reliable databases should also be created, storing all the necessary information, such as habit, habitat and trade aspects of all medicinal plants. The number of national parks, which ensure long term in situ conservation sites, should be increased.
09-2002-05-25-1071-ROY, A.K. AND CHOURASIA, H.K. (University Department of Botany, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur 812 007, India) Export and Import of Plant Drug with Reference to Quality Control· In: Crop Improvement, Production Technology, Trade and Commerce, V. 5, p 15 (Ref 13).
In recent years, due to the consistent efforts of plant scientists and biochemists it has become possible to meet the demand of indigenous drugs for the welfare of Homo sapiens. In addition, phytomedicines have also been proved as good source for foreign exchange earner. During 1986-87 India exported and imported crude drugs worth Rs. 66 crore and 4.3 crore respectively, whereas in 1996-97 it has increased to the tune of Rs. 190 crore and it is expected that by the next decade it would go up to Rs. 200 crore. In order to determine the efficiency of raw plant drugs, it is essential to know the correct taxonomic identity of plant species and plant parts having, maximum quantity of active principles and their biological potency. Moreover, one has to be ensured regarding their quality for which modern scientific procedures are required. The present paper deals with the strategies for the improvement of export and import of plant drugs and to suggest parameters for maintaining their quality.
09-2002-06-01-1072-SINHA, P. (Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 002) Overview on Diseases of Medicinal Plants and their Management. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 6 (Ref 8) (see Abstract 05-2002-06-01-0656).
09-2002-06-02-1073-ANILA DOSHI AND SHYAM SUNDAR SHARMA (Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur Agricultural University, Udaipur 313 001, India) Diseases of Medicinal Plants I. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 20 (Ref 89) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-02-0677).
09-2002-06-03-1074-SINHA, P. AND DUTTA, S. (Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India) Diseases of Medicinal Plants II. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 45 (Ref 144) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-03-0678).
09-2002-06-04-1075-BYADGI, A.S. (Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka 580 005, India) Diseases of Medicinal Plants III. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 10 (Ref 28) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-04-0679).
09-2002-06-05-1076-BALAKRISHNAN, S., SUKUMARA VARMA, A. AND GOKULAPALAN, C. (Department of Plant Pathology, Kerala Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India)
Diseases of Medicinal Plants IV. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 10 (Ref 103) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-05-0680).
09-2002-06-06-1077-PAUL, Y.S. AND AMAR SINGH (Department of Plant Pathology, Himachal Pradesh Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Palampur 176 062, H.P., India) Diseases of Medicinal Plants V. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 9 (Ref 11) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-06-0681).
09-2002-06-07-1078-GUPTA, P.P., VIVEK GUPTA, RAKESH KUMAR, GUPTA, S.N. AND VERMA, P.K. (CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India) Diseases of Medicinal Plants VI. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 10 (Ref 47) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-07-0682).
09-2002-06-08-1079-NAIK, M.K. AND MESTA, R.K. (Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Raichur, Karnataka 584 101, India) Diseases of Medicinal Plants VII — Psyllium and Belladonna. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 7 (Ref 49) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-08-0683).
09-2002-06-09-1080-MUKUND S. KULKARNI AND PRASHANTHI, S.K. (Department of Plant Pathology, Arabhavi, Dist. Belgaum, Karnataka 591 310, India) Diseases of Medicinal Plants VIII — Holybasil, Mint and Ipecac. In: Diseases and their Management, N. 6, p 10 (Ref 15) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-09-0684).
09-2002-06-10-1081-ANIRBAN ROY AND SINHA, P. (Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India) Viral Diseases of Medicinal Plants. In: Diseases and their Management,N. 6, p 14 (Ref 50) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-10-0685).
09-2002-06-11-1082-RAYCHAUDHURI, S.P. (A-16, Alakananda, Shivalik Apartments, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110 019, India) Integrated Disease Management: Medicinal Plants. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 8 (Ref 39) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-11-0686).
09-2002-06-12-1083-VIJAYAN, A.K. AND JOSEPH THOMAS (Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Myladumpara, Idukki 685 533, Kerala, India) Management of Diseases of Aromatic Herbs. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 12 (Ref 49) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-12-0687).
09-2002-06-13-1084-GUPTA, A.K., SARMA, R.C., SANJEEV SHARMA AND SHARMA, K.K. (Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173 230, H.P., India) Chemical Management of Powdery Mildew of Capparis spinosa Linn, caused by Leveillula taurica G. Arnaud. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 5 (Ref 8) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-13-0688).
09-2002-06-14-1085-MISRA, N. AND DEEPMALA SHUKLA (Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India) Fungal Deterioration of Stored Medicinal Spices. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 11 (Ref 90) (see Abstract 06-2002-06-14-0689).
09-2002-06-15-1086-KHAN, R.M. AND PARVATHA REDDY, P. (Central Institute of Sub-tropical Horticulture, Lucknow 227 107, U.P., India) Nematode Pests of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops — Problems and Prospects. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 10 (Ref 49) (see Abstract 06-2009-06-15-0690).
09-2002-06-16-1087-BhagXbati, K.N. (Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, India) Citrus Die-Back Problem in North-Eastern Region of India. In: Diseases and their Management, V. 6, p 5 (Ref 15) (see Abstract 06-2009-06-16-0691).
09-2003-07-04-1088-GYANENDRA TIWARI, SHRIVASTAVA, D.K. AND GANGRADE, S.K. (AICRAP on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, JNKW, College of Agriculture, Indore, M.P., India) Status of Medicinal Plants Diversity of Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hill Region of Madhya Pradesh and their Utilization. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 12 (Ref 4) (see Abstract 07-2003-07-04-0880).
09-2003-07-05-1089-KATEWA, S.S. AND ANITA JAIN (Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Agrostology, Department of Botany, College of Science, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313 001, India) Aromatic and Medicinal Grasses of Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan, India. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 12 (Ref 10) (see Abstract 07-2003-07-05-0881).
09-2003-07-06-1090-FAROOQI, A.A. AND NIRANJAN KUMAR, S. (Division of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, India) History, Importance, Present Status and Future Prospects of Medicinal Crops. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 14 (Ref 00) (see Abstract 07-2003-07-06-0882).
09-2003-07-08-1091-NATH, V., SHUKLA, P.K. AND RAJIV RAI (Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur 482 021, M.P., India) EthnobotanicalDocumentation of Germplasm of Medicinal Values and their Conservation. Tn; Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 10 (Ref 15) (see Abstract 07-2003-07-08-0884).
09-2003-07-09-1092-KAPOORIA, R.G. (Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia) Diabetes: A Growing Modern Problem and its Botanical Management. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 11 (Ref 17) (see Abstract 04-2003-07-09-0302).
09-2003-07-10-1093-SHUKLA, P.K., RAJIV RAI AND NATH, V. (Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur 482 021, M.P., India) Documentation of New Plant Species of Medicinal and Food Values in Madhya Pradesh. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 3 (Ref 11) (see Abstract 07-2003-07-10-0886).
09-2003-07-13-1094-GOPAL S. SINGH (Centre for Sustainable Environment and Heritage, N-289, Sector-8, R.K. Puram, New Delhi 110 022, India; Presently Affiliated with: SGPG College, Department of Botany, Sarurpur, Meerut, U.P., India) Medicinal Plants of Western Himalaya: Traditional Knowledge, Economy and Conservation, /n: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 18 (Ref 27) (see Abstract 07-2003-07-13-0889).
09-2003-07-14-1095-SHRIVASTAVA, J.L. AND RUBY SHARMA (State Forest Research Institute, Polipathar, Jabalpur, M.P., India) Madhya Pradesh — A Treasure Home of Medicinal Plants. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 11 (Ref 13) (see Abstract 07-2003-07-14-0890).
09-2003-07-15-1096-SALOMI TOPNO AND GHOSH, T.K. (St. Joseph’s College, Torpa, Ranchi, Bihar, India) Preferential Use of Medicinal Plants by Tribals of Khunti Sub-division (Chotanagpur Division) of Bihar. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 10 (Ref 27) (see Abstract 07-2003-07-15-0891).
09-2003-07-16-1097-SHANTA MEHROTRA, RAWAT, A.K.S., SAYYADA KHATOON AND PUSHPANGADAN, P. (Division of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, U.P., India) Adulteration and Substitution in Herbal Drugs — A Review. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 15 (Ref 64) (see Abstract 07-2003-07-16-0892).
09-2003-07-21-1098-SAMBAMURTY, A.V.S.S. (Sri Venkateswara College, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110 021, India) Ethnobotany — An Appraisal· In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 21 (Ref 24) (see Abstract 07-2003-07-21-0897).
09-2003-07-22-1099-ABDUL VIQAR KHAN, GHAZALA PARVEEN, MASHKOOR ALAM, M. AND SINGH, V.K. (Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India) Ethnomedicinal Uses of Neem in Rural Areas of Uttar Pradesh, India. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 7 (Ref 11) (.see Abstract 07-2003-07-22-0898).
09-2003-07-24-1100-SHAMIMA HASHMI AND SINGH, V.K. (Pharmacognosy Research Unit, Regional Research Institutes of Unani Medicine, Post Box-70, Aligarh 202 001, India) Importance of Pharmacognosy as an Aid to Drug Standardization Programme: A Review. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 8 (Ref 23) (see Abstract 02-2003-07-24-0228).
09-2003-07-30-1101-SYED AZIZ AHMAD, SHARMA, S.C. AND MOHD. ASLAM (Post-graduates Department of Chemistry and Botany, G.F. College, University of Rohilkhand, Shahjahanpur 242 001, India) Medicinal Plants in Health Care: Hepato — Biliary Dysfunction. In: Ethnomedicine and Pharmacognosy II, V. 7, p 8 (Ref 50) (see Abstract 07-2003-07-30-0905).
09-2003-08-12-1102-SANTOSH MEHTANI, KAK, R.D. AND PARMOD SINGLA (National Institute of Science Communication, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110 012, India) Plant Sweeteners for Diabetics. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II, V. 8, p 15 (Ref 16) (see Abstract 04-2003-08-12-0316).
09-2003-08-15-1103-CHOWDHURY, A.R. (National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, U.P., India) Some Non-conventional Potential Vegetative Resources for Essential Oils. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II, V. 8, p 6 (Ref 17) (see Abstract 06-2003-08-15-0701).
09-2003-08-16-1104-JULIO A. ZYGADLO AND HECTOR R. JULIANI (Jr.) [Professor in Organic Chemistry and Natural Products (Universidad National de Cordoba), Researcher of the National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigation (CONICET), Argentina, IMBIV] Study of Essential Oil Composition of Aromatic Plants from Argentina. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II, V. 8, p 19 (Ref 98) (see Abstract 06-2003-08-16-0702).
09-2003-08-17-1105-BAZZONI, E., SANNA PASSINO, G. AND MORETTI, M.D.L. (Instituto di Ricerca Sul Controllo Biologico dell’ Ambiente (I.R. Co. B.A.)-CNR, Via de Nicola 1,1-07100, Sassari) Essential Oils and Other Control Techniques Against Stored Product Insects. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II, V. 8, p 30 (Ref 66) {see Abstract 06-2003-08-17-0703).
09-2003-08-18-1106-PEREZ, C., TIRABOSCHI, I.N., AGNESE, A.M. AND CABRERA, •J.L. [Farmacologia, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, M.T. de Alvear 2142 (1122) Buenos Aires, Argentina] Inhibition of Different Nosocomial Microorganisms by the Essential Oil of Senecio graveolens. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II, V. 8, p 8 (Ref 25) (see Abstract 06-2003-08-18-0704).
09-2003-08-19-1107-MYUNG SUK CHOI (Division of Forest Science, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660 701, Korea) Application and Screening of Antimicrobial Substances from Plants. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II, N. 8, p 15 (Ref 36) (see Abstract 01-2003-08-19-0013).
09-2003-08-21-1108-NAZIM UD-DIN KHAN AND NAZNEEN PARVEEN (Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, U.P., India) Potential Antifilarial Medicinal Plants. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II, V. 8, p 5 (Ref 23) (see Abstract 05-2003-08-21-0660).
09-2003-08-24-1109-TIMOTHY C. BALDWIN (University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Building O, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom) Gum Arabic: Past, Present and Future. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II, V. 8, p 8 (Ref 37).
Plant gum exudates have been of importance in the world trade for several thousand years and still have a wide variety of practical applications particularly in the food industry, in which they are commonly used as food additives. These exudates are the results of the wound response to injury in the plant species from which they are harvested. This process (gummosis) and the molecular structure and composition of these exudates are of immense interest and the study of which, form the basis of numerous basis and applied research projects throughout the globe. The objective of the current monograph is to provide a broad overview of the research data pertaining to one of the most agronomically significant if these plant gum exudates, namely gum arabic, and to highlight possible avenues for future research.
09-2003-08-25-1110-JOSI: LUIS GUIL-GUERRERO AND MARIA ESPERANZA TORIJA-ISASA (Department of Chemical Engineering, Division of Food Technology, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain) Edible Wild Plants. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II, V. 8, p 35 (Ref 71).
This paper discusses the nutritional compositions and the nutritional importance of selected edible wild plants from all over the world. Data are exposed on the basis of species taxa and organ type (leaves, seeds fruits, tubers, flowers, etc.) Edible wild plants consumption in different countries is also described, as well as their ethnographic use. It is also shown that the wild leaves were a rich source of several minerals, and essential amino acids. Seeds had appreciable quantities of essential amino acids, crude protein and available carbohydrates. Phosphorus, calcium and magnesium were present at high levels in all surveyed seeds. Edible wild fruits also had a high nutritional value. From the remainder organs, high levels of available carbohydrates appeared in some flowers as well as appreciable amounts of Retinol Equivalent. It is concluded that edible wild plants can be important nutrient contributors to the diet, both as famine and healthy foods.
09-2003-08-26-1111-REDDY, S.M., BIR BAHADUR AND PRASAD, T.R.C. (Department of Botany, University of Kakatiya, Warangal 506 009, India) Jatropha curcas — Most Potential but Neglected Plant. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II, V. 8, p 11 (Ref 58) (see Abstract 11-2003-08-26-1264).
09-2003-08-28-1112-SINGHAL, B.K., ANIL DHAR, BINDROO, B.B., TRIPATHI, P.M., QADRI, S.M.H. AND AHSAN, M.M. (Regional Sericulture Research Station CBS Complex, Miran Sahib, Jammu 181 101, India) Medicinal Utilities of Mulberry and Non-mulberry Food Plants of the Silkworm. In: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology II, V. 8, p 24 (Ref 16) (see Abstract 04-2003-08-28-0324).
09-2005-09-05-1113-KAM-MING KO AND PO-YEE CHIU (Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China) Deciphering the Myth of Fructus schisandrae in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Biochemical Basis of its Qi-Invigorating Action. In: Plant Bioactiue in Traditional medicine, V. 9, p 9 (Ref 76) (see Abstract 01-2005-09-05-0013).
09-2005-09-13-1114-TRIPATHI, Y.C., KAUSHIK, P.K AND PANDEY, B.K. (Rain Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 136, Deovan, Sotai-Ali, A.T. Road, Jorhat, Assam 785 001, India) Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin'): A Promising Medicinal and Aromatic Crop for North-Eastern India. In: Plant Bioactive in Traditional Medicine, V. 9, p 22 (Ref 31) (see Abstract 11-2005-09-13-1265).
09-2005-09-15-1115-BRENTTISSERAT, STEVEN F. VAUGHN AND ROBERT SILMAN (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Centre for Agricultural Utilization Research, IL 61604, USA) Influence of Various Tissue Culture Technologies on Essential Oil Metabolism. Zn: Plant Bioactive in Traditional Medicine, V. 9, p 14 (Ref 21) (see Abstract 10-2005-09-15-1195).
09-2005-09-17-1116-CHAPLOT, B.B., VADAWALE, A.V., JHALA, J.M. AND BARVE, D.M. (GSFC, Science Foundation, Vigyan Bhavan, Fertilizernagar, Dist. Vadodara, Gujarat, India) Clonal Propagation of Value Added Medicinal Plant-Safed Moosli (Chlorophytum boriuilianum). In: Plant Bioactive in Traditional Medicine, V. 9, p 6 (Ref 6) (see Abstract 11-2005-09-17-1267).
09-2005-09-18-1117-RAJASEKHARAN, P.E. (Division of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake P.O., Bangalore 560 089, India) Conservation Strategies for Endangered Medicinal Plants of India. In: Plant Bioactive in Traditional Medicine, V. 9, p 14 (Ref 13) (see Abstract 11-2005-09-18-1268).
09-2005-09-19-1118-PAWAN K. KASERA AND JAI PRAKASH (Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of'Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur; Rajasthan 342 001, India) Ecology and Cultivation Practices of Guggal (Commiphora ivightii)·. An Endangered Medicinal Plant of the Thar Desert in India. In: Plant Bioactive in Traditional Medicine, N. 9, p 21 (Ref 50) (see Abstract 11-2005-09-19-1269).
09-2005-09-20-1119-TRIPATHI, Y.C. AND SUSHMA SINGH (Rain Forest Research Institute, Deovan, A.T. Road, Jorhat, Assam 785 001, India) Prospecting Phytomedicinal Diversity: Threats and Challenges. In: Plant Bioactive in Traditional Medicine, V. 9, p 17 (Ref 20).
During the past decades, a dramatic increase in demand and trade of medicinal plants within and across the countries attests to worldwide interest in these products as well as in traditional health systems. Plant and plant products including phytochemicals,, nutraceutical, cosmetics ahd other products have become a major sector of trade and commerce. Prospecting of new potential pharmaceuticals from natural products, traditional in nature or derived from folklore has also become an important part of the modern pharmaceutical industry. Major pharmaceutical companies particularly belonging to the western countries are indiscriminatly collecting the plant materials from natural habitat for drug. Consequently, there is a virtual scramble for exploiting the natural resources by pharmaceutical companies of West, as a result, two thirds of the world’s plant species are in danger of extinction. Conservative and regulatory measures are being taken at national and international levels for protection of endangered medicinal plants, their artificial propagation, judicious harvesting, community management and marketing. However, attainment of sustenance in production of phytomedicines necessitates proper and timely monitoring and judicious exploitation of natural resources through adoption of ecologically sustainable management practices.
09-2006-11-13-1120-TAPANEE HONGRATANAWORAKIT (Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Srinakharinwirot, Rangsit-Ongkharak Road, Nakomnayok 26120, Thailand) Effects of Transdermal Essential Oil on Physiological and Behavioral Changes in Healthy Volunteers. In: Drug Development from Molecules, V. 11, p 11 (Ref 24).
One increasingly popular type of alternative therapy is aromatherapy, but scientific justification in the field of a screening test for efficacy of aroma is rather scarce. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of essential mixed oil of bergamot oil and lavender oil on physiological as well as on behavioral parameters in healthy human subjects following transdermal absorption. Physiological parameters, i.e. blood pressure, breathing rate, eye-blink rate, pulse rate and skin temperature, were recorded as indicators of the arousal level of the autonomic nervous system. Behavioral measures, i.e. alertness, attentiveness, calmness, mood, relaxation and vigor were assessed in order to assess subjective behavioral arousal. The present study revealed that the mixed oil affected both physiological and behavioral parameters. The mixed oil caused a significant decrease of blood pressure which is likely to show a decrease of physiological arousal. At the behavioral level, subjects in the experimental group rated themselves more cheerful and more vigorous than subjects in the control group. This finding points towards an increase of arousal in term of selfevaluation. Thus, the effects of the mixed oil may be characterized by the concept of “harmonization” rather than relaxation/sedation. In conclusion, these finding are likely to represent a harmonizing effects of mixed oil of bergamot oil and lavender oil.
09-2006-11-14-1121-NAHLA AYOUB, MOHAMED AL-AZIZI, WILFRIED KONIG AND KARL-HEINZ KUBECZKA (Department of Pharmacognogy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ain-Shams, Cairo, Egypt) Essential Oils and a Novel Polyacetylene from Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. (Apiaceae). In: Drug Development from Molecules, V. 11, p 9 (Ref 9) (see Abstract 06-2006-11-14-0726).
09-2006-11-15-1122-VALERO, A., HIERRO, I., GONZALEZ, P., MONTILLA, P. AND NAVARRO, M.C. (Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada) Activity of Various Essential Oils and their Main Components Against L3 Larvae of Anisakis simplex S.I. In: Drug Development from Molecules, V. 11, p 19 (Ref 60) (see Abstract 06-2006-11-15-0727).
09-2006-12-01-1123-GOVIL, J.N. AND SINGH, B.B. (Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India) Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and Ayurveda — Problems and Prospects. In: Globalisation of Herbal Health, V. 12, p 21 (Ref 10).
IPRs being applicable directly for all new inventions of products and processes having industrial possibilities, the herbal based research and development and industries (including Ayurveda sector) will also experience the threats and opportunities of the New IPR Regime the world over. Ayurvedic drugs can be proposed for inclusion in the geographic indication list of WTO. Legal obstacles: traditional knowledge of biological material, however, cannot be patented per se. why? Being based on life forms was thus historically not patentable. In order to patent the knowledge it must be novel. Biopiracy calls for an effective system of laws and standards in India to protect our traditional wealth, this is also an area where large scale patentable inventions are being made and naturally this has significant implications for the growth of the Indian herbal industry including Ayurveda. It is in this connections that one has to have a meaningful strategy to protect the traditional Ayurveda and other herb based industries. The indigenous research and development activity in this sector is extremely week. While every effort be made to rectify this serious short coming, it is also necessary to take adequate care from possible onslaught from foreign sources and hence the justification for very special protection, at least for another decade. India is rich in information and genetic materials. Some of institutions, manufacturing Ayurvedic medicines, have long tested and effective medicines. It is therefore, very easy for the western countries like USA to exploit this field of research with out spending much money. If Indian industries especially Ayurvedic industry will out wake up to do original and development research for new and user friendly products, the technological superior transnational corporations will play havoc in this field. It will be detrimental to the traditional Ayurved industry. Liberalisation or globalisation should have been a gradual process which would give time for our domestic industry to change, reform and improve itself. Since we are now signatories of GATT and member to WTO, we cannot get away from the patent regime. Nor we can escape IPR system. It is therefore necessary that Ayurvedic industry should concentrate on research and obtain patents faster. The science of Ayurveda is goldmine. The rich biodiversity of India provides lot of opportunities for research and patenting. We must also document the unrecorded traditional knowledge and healing systems of tribes/traditional Vaidyas else Ayurveda may be hijack. China has done tremendous work before they become member of WTO to safe guard their traditional medicine.
09-2006-12-23-1124-BARBARA LUPPI, FEDERICA BIGUCCI AND TERESA CERCHLARA (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy) Microencapsulation Strategies for Essential Oils — A Review. In: Globalisation of Herbal Health, V. 12, p 26 (Ref 99).
Throughout history the main aims of microencapsulation of essential oils has been to protect them against degradation caused by environmental factors, improve their solubility end efficacy, mask or enhance their taste, turn them into stable compounds and ensure their release with specific mechanisms suggested by the microcapsule shell and core characteristics. Essential oil microencapsulation processes are commonly based on the principle of oil-in-water (o/w)-emulsion formulation and subsequent conversion into a solid form by different technological methods. With this aim, various technologies have been examined for microcapsule preparation including complex coacervation, spray-drying and interfacial polycondensation. This article reviews the current state of the art in essential oil microencapsulation techniques focusing on process-related aspects of both well-established and more advanced technologies.
09-2006-14-11-1125-PINTO, S.V., RATHOUR, A.K., JANA, A.H. AND SOLANKY, M.J. (Dairy Technology Department, SMC College of Dairy Science, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand 388 110, India) Evaluation of Ginger Powder as a Natural Flavouring in Herbal Ice-cream. In: Biopharmaceuticals, V. 14, p 8 (Ref 16) (see Abstract 08-2006-14-11-0985).
09-2006-14-16-1126-RAFAEL FONT, MERCEDES DEL RIO-CELESTINO, ELENA CARTEA, EDUARDO ROSA, ALFREDO AIRES AND ANTONIO DE HARO-BAILON [Departmento de Agronomia y Mejora Genetica Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14080, Cordoba, Spain] Assessment of Glucosinolates in Brassica Leaf by NearInfrared Spectroscopy. In: Biopharmaceuticals, V. 14, p 14 (Ref 17).
The potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for screening the total glucosinolate (t-GSL) content and also different individual glucosinolates in the leaf rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. pabularia DC.) and in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) leaves, was assessed. Leaves belonging to these plant species covering the GSL variability found in cultivated populations of these crops were scanned by NIRS. The reference values for GSL were regressed against different mathematical transformations of the sample spectra by modified partial least-squares (PLSm) Regression. The coefficients of determination in cross-validation (r2) shown by the equations for t-GSL, and also for the major GSL being present in leaves, ranged from 0.70 (gluconapin) to 0.88 (t-GSL), and were indicative of equations showing good quantitative information. Those equations of minor glucosinolates exhibited r2 values lower than those shown by the major GSL, these equations being useful for separation of the samples into low and high groups.
09-2006-14-23-1127-PSARIANOS, C. AND KOURKOUTAS, Y. (Costas Psarianos and Yiannis Kourkoutas, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece) Functional Foods: Immobilization of Probiotic Bacteria on Plant Vectors for the Production of Value Added and Healthy Products. In: Biopharmaceuticals, V. 14, p 22 (Ref 140).
The use of probiotic microorganisms for the production of novel functional foods is discussed. Benefits and criteria of using probiotic cultures are analyzed. Subsequently, the use of suitable immobilization techniques aiming at the prolongation of shelf-life of probiotic microbes in foods is described together with an evaluation of their potential future impact, which is also highlighted and assessed. Finally, topics concerning applications of planttissue immobilized probiotic microorganisms on production of various food products are developed.
09-2006-14-27-1 128-AMBIKANANDAN MISRA, PRANAV SHAH AND VIRAL JOGANI [Centre of Relevance and Excellence (CORE) in New Drug Delivery Systems Instituted by TIFAC, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, G.H. Patel Building, Fatehgunj, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, Indial Role of Herbal Absorption Promoters in Oral Delivery of Therapeutics — A Review. Zn: Biopharmaceuticals, V. 14, p 34 (Ref 162).
Poor absorption and bioavailability of drugs pose challenges in efficient treatment of the patients. One of the widely used approaches to solve this issue is co-administration of absorption promoters. Synthetic absorption promoters have been found to be associated with mucosal damage and cytotoxicity. Herbal absorption promoters provide a promising alternative to the synthetic/chemical counterparts in terms of safety and many times efficacy. This chapter outlines role of herbal absorption promoters in effective drug delivery and associated toxicities.
09-2007-15-14-1129-CHUNG, L.Y., GOH, S.H. AND MAJALAP, N. (Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) Activity Profiles of Malaysian Plant Species on Some G-Protein Coupled Receptors. In: Natural Products I, N. 15, p 18 (Ref 13) (see Abstract 01-2007-15-14-0065).
09-2007-15-15-1130-SECUNDINO LOPEZ, RUBEN GARCIA-GONZALEZ, MIGUEL FERNANDEZ, RAIJL BODAS AND JESOS S. GONZALEZ (Departamento de Production Animal, Universidad de Leon, E-24007 Leon, Spain) Medicinal Plants as Feed Additives in Animal Nutrition. In: Natural Products I, V. 15, p 25 (Ref 78) (see Abstract 07-2007-15-15-0940).
09-2007-15-16-1131-IJI, P.A. (School of Rural Science and Agriculture, The University of New England, Armidale 2351, Australia) The Future of Tannins in Animal Nutrition. In: Natural Products I, V. 15, pll (Ref 37) (see Abstract 06-2007-15-16-0762).
09-2007-15-17-1132-TAMER H. GAMEL AND JOZEF P. LINSSEN (Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Technology Department, El-Shatbi 21545, Alexandria, Egypt) Nutritional and Medicinal Aspects of Amaranth. In: Natural Products I, V. 15, p 15 (Ref 54) (see Abstract 04-2007-15-17-0436).
09-2007-15-18-1133-ABADI, G., PALEN, W., GEDDINGS, J., IRWIN, T., KASALI, N., COLYER, J., GOODSON, F., SMITH, J., JONES, K., HESTER, J., NOBLE, L., GROUNDWATER, P.W., PHILLIPS, D. AND MANNING, T.J. (Pharmacy, Chemistry and Biomedical Science, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK) A History of the Bryostatins: A Prominent Marine Natural Product. In: Natural Products I, V. 15, p 44 (Ref 108) (see Abstract 04-2007-15-18-0437).
09-2007-15-19-1134-YASIR HASAN SIDDIQUE, GULSHAN ARA, TANVEER BEG AND MOHAMMAD AFZAL (Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India) Protective Role of Natural Plant Products Against Estradiol-173 Induced Genotoxic Damage. In: Natural Products I, V. 15, p 15 (Ref 59) (see Abstract 03-2007-15-19-0250).
09-2007-15-20-1135-EIRINI CHOULIARA AND MICHAEL G. KONTOMINAS (Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45444, Greece) Combined Effect of Thyme Essential Oil and Modified Atmosphere Packaging to Extend Shelf-Life of Fresh Chicken Meat. In: Natural Products I, V. 15, p 19 (Ref 30) (see Abstract 01-2007-15-20-0069).
09-2007-15-21-1136-SI-YIN CHUNG, YOJI KATO AND ELAINE T. CHAMPAGNE (United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA) Reducing the Allergenic Properties of Peanut Allergens by Copper/Hydrogen Peroxide. In: Natural Products I, V. 15, p 11 (Ref 23) (see Abstract 01-2007-15-21-0070).
09-2007-15-22-1137-GRACE Q. CHEN, XIAOHUA HE, YEH-JIN AHN, LOUISA VANG AND THOMAS A. MCKEON (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA) Toward the Development of a Safe Castor Crop: Expression Pattern Comparison of Ricin and 2S Albumin Genes and Phylogeny Analysis of 2S Albumins. In: Natural Products I, V. 15, p 11 (Ref 33) (see Abstract 11-2007-15-22-1274).
09-2007-15-26-1138-WILSANAND, V. [Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College, Alathur, Palakkad (Dist.), Kerala 678 682, India] Antifouling Potentialities of Marine Algae Against the Mussel Perna indica. In: Natural Products I ,V. 15, p 10 (Ref 26) (see Abstract 04-2007-15-26-0440).
09-2008-21-10-1139-ARCHIE MPOFU, HARRY D. SAPIRSTEIN AND TRUST BETA (Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada) Superoxide Scavenging Capacities of Wheat Genotypes Grown in Different Environments. In: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values III, V. 21, p 14 (Ref 23) (see Abstract 04-2008-21-10-0545).
09-2008-21-14-1140-SHTVARAMAN, R., ZAHOOR AHMAD SHAH, RABIA A. GILANI AND VOHARA, S.B. (Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India) Investigations on Two Indian Ayurvedic Herbal Formulations for Nootropic Effects. In: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values III, V. 21, p 11 (Ref 23) (see Abstract 04-2008-21-14-0549).
09-2008-21-15-1141-SARA M. PALACIOS, MARIA C. CARPINELLA AND MARIA E. MAGGI (Fine Chemical and Natural Products Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Catholic University of Cordoba, Camino a Alta Gracia, Km 10 Cordoba, Argentina) Synergism Between Natural Products: Are Two Better Than One? In: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values III, V. 21, p 15 (Ref 25).
Secondary metabolites in plants are believed to be a defence system originated through coevolution between the plant and microorganisms, insects or animals, as a response to the pressures of natural selection. A single plant synthesizes many closely related substances that differ in stereochemistry, or in functional groups. In consequence, plants usually present defences as a suite of compounds, not as individual ones. Chemists usually see the differences as “minor” but, in terms of living organisms, the differences could become “major”, especially in phytochemicals where it is easy to find two similar compounds with two totally different bioactivities. Thus, combining two or more compounds might, in general, be superior to the use of a single compound in that it could make the target organisms more unlikely to develop a mechanism of resistance, in addition to enhancing and/or broadening their biological activity. The paper presents some examples that clearly reflect the synergistic effect as an important tool or mechanism to be taken into account when searching for new potent bioactive compounds.
09-2008-22-20-1142-NADA ORSOLIC AND IVAN BASIC (Department of Animal Physology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia) Honey Bee Products and their Polyphenolic Compounds in Treatment of Diabetes. In: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values IV, V. 22, p 98 (Ref 727).
Free radicals have been implicated in playing a role in over 100 diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, macular degeneration, cataract, periodental disease and other inflammatory disorders. There is growing recognition that many polyphenolic compounds present in most plants and bee products such as honey, propolis and pollen, may have beneficial effect on human health. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory research of bee products, phytochemicals and their flavonoids and other antioxidants suggest their use in the prevention and treatment of number of diseases, including diabetes. This paper reviews the relationship connections between flavonoids present in bee products and plants and diabetes/obesity based on various in vivo and in vitro studies. It also describes current understanding of the possible mechanisms of influence of flavonoids and multiple beneficial effects in combating diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Taken together, this information provides a basis for multimodal therapeutic effects of bee products, plants and related flavonoids on diabetes. This article presents an overview of various aspect of the pathobiology of diabetes mellitus and an ability of molecular approach in its treatment.
09-2008-22-26-1143-SAPLE, D.G., MEDHEKAR, S. AND MILIN PATIL (Deparment of Dermatoloy and Venereology, G.T. Hospital and Grant Medical College, Mumbai, India) TAKZEMA — A Herbomineral Formulation for Eczema Management (A clinical study). In: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values IV, V. 22, p 10 (Ref 35) (see Abstract 04-2008-22-26-0591).
09-2008-22-27-1144-OBEROI CHETAN (Consultant Dermatologit, Professor Emeritus, Department of Dermatology, Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India) PIGMENTO — A Natural Psoralen Preparation for Vitiligo (A clinical study). In: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values TV, V. 22, p 10 (Ref 29) (see Abstract 04-2008-22-27-0592).
09-2009-23-02-1145-DEFAGO, M.T., MANGEAUD, A., BENESOVKY, V , TRILL, C., CARPINELA, C., PALACIO, S. AND VALADARES, G. [Cenro de Investigacines Entomologicas de Cordoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, (X5016GCA) Cordoba, Argentina] Melia azedarach Extracts: A Potential Tool for Insect Pest Management. In: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values V, V. 23, p 17 (Ref 66).
Plant derivatives possessing insect repellent and antifeedant properties could offer an alternative approach for managing crop pests and dealing with insect-transmitted diseases. This chapter summarizes results from studies on insecticidal effects of Melia azedarach extracts from Central Argentina. Extracts from different plant parts (green/ripe fruits, green/ senescent leaves) and a variety of insect feeding strategies have been considered. Antifeedant effects were tested on more than 23 species in laboratory choice tests. Further effects on insect feeding and survival were studied in no-choice tests on 12 species. In the choice tests, M. azedarach extracts strongly deterred feeding in most of the species, with those in Coleoptera being particularly sensitive. Increased mortality rates, reduced food consumption, lower body weight and delayed development were recorded in no-choice tests. Increases in mortality might be related to the strong antifeedant activity of the extracts. Results from other authors are also reviewed, in order to provide an updated assessment ofM. azedarach extract activity.
09-2009-23-24-1146-THONGCHAI TAECHOWISAN, ASAWIN WANBANOB, PITTAYA TUNTIWACHWTTIKUL, SOMKIAT TADANITI AND WALTER C. TAYLR (Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India) Characterization of Streptomyces sp. SUC1, an Endophyte of Ficus benjamina L., and the Isolation of the Secondary Metabolites, Lansai A-D. In: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values V, V. 23, p 7 (Ref 16) (see Abstract 01-2009-23-24-0188).
09-2009-23-25-1147-VITUS I. OBI AND NANCY N. UGWUNZE (Shool of Biologica Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria) Control of Tuber Rots of Colocasia esculenta L. Using Plant Ash. In: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values V, V. 23, p 11 (Ref 21).
The ashes from Asmina triloba (Ocarica papaya), Cocos nucifera, Euphorbia prostrata, Plumbago zeylanica and Senna alata (Cassia alata) were evaluated for their antifungal effect on tuber rot diseases of Cocoyam. In the in vivo evaluation there was extract activity (rot inhibition) ranging from 52.1 to 100%. Extract activity of (100%) was achieved with Cocos nucifera in Fusarium solani tuber rots and the highest of 95.81% exract activity obtained with Asmina triloba in tuber rots by Botryodplodia theobromae. An in vitro antifungal determination of the plants extracts with the exception of Plumbago zeylanica indicated more inhibition of mycelial growth of F. solani as the concentration of the extracts increased from 0.07 to 0.2 g.
09-2009-23-26-1148-THONGCHAI TAECHOWISAN, PREEDA SANSRI, ASAWIN WANBANJOB, YUEMAO SHEN AND SAISAMORN LUMYONG (Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakorn Pathom 73000, Thailand) Isolation and Synergistic Activities of 4-Arylcoumarins Against Phytopathogenic Fungi. In: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values V,V. 23, p 12 (Ref 21).
Different extracts of Streptomyces aureofaciens CMUAM30 culture were studied as potential antifungal agents for selected phytopathogenic fungi. In a serial agar dilution method, crude ethyl acetate and 10% methanol in ethyl acetate extracts exhibited fungistatic activity against Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii. Both ethyl acetate extract and 10% methanol in ethyl acetate extract were highly effective on all tested fungi, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.25 to 50 mg/ml and 10 to 100 mg/ml, respectively. The major active ingredients from those extracts were purified by silica gel column chromatography and identified to be 5, 7, 4'-Trimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin (1), 4'-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin (2), 3'-Hydroxy-5,7,4'-trimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin (3), 5,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin (4), and 4'-hydroxy-5,7,3'-trimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin (5) by NMR and mass spectral data, respectively. Five compounds (1 to 5) had activity against F. oxysporum with MICs of 0.30, 1.00, 0.40, 10.00, and 20.00 mg/ml, respectively. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 also showed a synergistic effect when combined in different concentrations, displaying four times less concentration to reach complete inhibition in the growth of F. oxysporum.
09-2009-24-01-1149-BEENA JOY AND ARUMUGHAN, C. (Agro-processing and Natural Products Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate P.O., Thiruvanathapuram 695 019, India) Recent Progress in Standardization of Herbal Formulations. In: Standardization of Herbal! Ayurvedic Formulations, V. 24, p 24 (Ref 51).
An attempt for the standardization of polyherbal formulation has been carried out with respect to the active principles of the medicinal plants used. Quantification of the lead molecules of commonly used Ayurveda plants, Embelia ribes, Semecarpus anacardium, Oroxylum indicum,Acorus calamus, Commiphora mukul, etc were performed by modern chromatographic techniques, HPLC and HPTLC. Thus quantification of the lead molecules of different medicinal plants used in herbal preparations leads to the standardization of the herbal formulation in terms of its chemical constitutents. Even though several other factors such as maturity and nativity of the plant matters its efficacy due to the variations in its percentage of active principle present in the plant material, it can also be well quantified using modern chemical tools. The chemical standardization of the polyherbal formulations are needed for the easy marketing of Ayurveda medicine. These studies can promote the export of the valuable Indian traditional medicine.
09-2009-24-02-1150-YADAV, N.P., MAYANK THAKUR AND DIXIT, V.K. (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar, M.P., India) Recent Approaches in Herbal Drug Standardization. In: Standardization of Herbal / Ayurvedic Formulations, V. 24, p 20 (Ref 62).
The quality control standards of various medicinal plants used in indigenous system of medicine are becoming more relevant today in view of commercialization of formulations based on medicinal plants. For standardization and quality assurance purposes, following three attributes are desirable i) Authenticity, ii) Purity and iii) Assay. Authenticity relates to proving that the material is true. Authentication in itself involves many parameters including gross morphology, microscopy, chemical analysis and DNA fingerprinting. Purity pertains to evaluating that there are no adulterants present in the plant material. Assay part of standardization is chemical and biological profiling which could assess the chemical effects and curative values get established. The new era of herbal drug standardization includes pharmacognostical, chemical, biological, biopharmaceutical and molecular approaches of drug development and discovery, where biotechnology driven applications play an important role.
09-2009-24-03-1151-ARCHANA P. RAINA AND MISHRA, S.K. (Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110 012, India) Quality Control and Standardization of Herbal Drugs: A Thrust Area. Zn: Standardization of Herbal /Ayurvedic Formulations, V. 24, pl5 (Ref 21).
Standardization is used to describe all measures, which are taken during the manufacturing process and quality control leading to a reproducible quality. Modern synthetic drugs are prepared using synthetic raw materials, reproducible manufacturing techniques and acceptable chemical assay for these drugs are given in pharmacopoeias to have adequate quality control. In contrast, herbal drugs are prepared from materials of plant origin and they are prone for contamination, deterioration and variation in compositions thus posing problems for quality control. There may be batch to batch variation, quality control of raw material, process control and quality control of finished products. Several external factors like environmental, genetic, methods of cultivation, collection, harvest time, preparation, storage etc., also affect the quality of the herbal drugs. Hence, standardization is essential for ensuring quality control of herbal drugs. Standardization of herbal drugs includes the measurement of microscopical, macroscopical, physiological and biological tests such as total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extractive, alcohol soluble extractives, TLC finger printing, chemical assay and microbial tests and their limits. Therefore, chemical methods, instrumental methods and thin layer chromatographic analysis would determine the proper quality of plant materials. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine (TIM) remains the most ancient yet living traditions. Efforts to monitor and regulate herbal drugs and traditional medicine are underway. Ayurveda still needs more extensive scientific research and evidence base. So, in house specifications for the plant materials should be developed to enable the quality control of herbal products. The pharmacopoeial standards in Ayurveda pharmacopoeia of India are not adequate enough to ensure the quality of plant materials and are required to be developed using chemical and instrumental methods.
09-2009-24-04-1152-MEYYANATHAN, S.N., RAJAN, S., MURALIDHARAN, S., SATYANARAYANA, I.V.V. AND SURESH, B. (Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ootacamund 643 001, Tamil Nadu, India) Quantification of Plumbagin in Plumbago zeylanica L. by RP-HPLC Method. In: Standardization of Herbal I Ayurvedic Formulations, V. 24, p 7 (Ref 5).
The plant Plumbago zeylanica L. is a semi-climbing shrub that grows throughout Asia and Africa. Plumbagin is the major chemical constituent derived from the roots of P. zeylanica L. is a naphthoquinone compound. In this study, a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for quantification of plumbagin from P. zeylanica L. plant. The method was carried out on a Princeton SPHER Clg (25 cm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μ) column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: sodium dihydrogen ortho phosphate (adjusted to pH 3.5 using orthophosphoric acid) (55:45 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 264 nm. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The proposed method can be used for the standardization of plumbagin in P. zeylanica L. extract.
09-2009-25-02-1153-SWARUP, R., HARGYAN SINGH AND MAURY, A.N. (Department of Physics, D.S. College, Aligarh, India) Spectral Characteristics and the Hyperfine Splitting under MRF-Perturbations in Medicinal Plant Catharanthus roseus. In: Chemistry and Medicinal Value, V. 25, p 5 (Ref 8) (see Abstract 01-2009-25-02-0204).