CHAPTER ONE
1. Arthur M. Woodford, This Is Detroit (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2001), 39.
2. Ibid., 6, 10–12.
3. Ibid., 15.
4. Ibid., 32.
5. Mary Evelyn Durden Teal, “Musical Activities in Detroit from 1701 through 1870.” (PhD diss., University of Michigan, 1964), 26.
6. “Judge Solomon Sibley and Sarah Whipple Sproat Sibley,” Sibley House Renewal, published November 2012, http://sibleyhousedetroit.com/solomon-and-sarah-sibley/#sarahsibley.
7. Woodford, This Is Detroit, 47–49.
8. Teal, 26.
9. Woodford, This Is Detroit, 86.
10. J. Bunting, “The Old Germania Orchestra.” Scribner’s Monthly, November 1875, 98–107.
11. Teal, 374–75.
12. Ibid., 71.
13. Ibid., 205.
14. Eva Kolinsky and Wilfried van der Will, eds., Cambridge Companion to Modern German Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 3.
15. John Spitzer, “Orchestras: American and European,” in American Orchestras in the Nineteenth Century, ed. John Spitzer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012), 313.
16. Ibid.
17. See the image of the sheet music cover for “Bell Polka” in the Library of Congress, American Memory Collection, http://memory.loc.gov/music/sm2/sm1855/281000/281530/001.jpg.
18. Teal, 310.
19. Ibid., 223.
20. Ibid., 224.
21. Andrew Craig Morrison, Opera House, Nickel Show and Palace: An Illustrated Inventory of Theater Buildings in the Detroit Area (Dearborn: Greenfield Village and Henry Ford Museum, 1974.
22. Louis C. Elson, The History of American Music (New York: Macmillan), 1904.
23. Spitzer, 233.
24. Detroit Free Press, March 19, 1904.
25. Detroit Free Press, October 10, 1874.
26. Detroit Free Press, December 30, 1874.
27. Detroit Free Press, October 31, 1875.
28. Detroit Free Press, January 23, 1876.
29. Detroit Free Press, February 26, 1876.
30. Detroit Free Press, May 31, 1876.
31. Detroit Free Press, May 26, 1880.
32. Detroit Free Press, October 18, 1882.
33. Program, “First Symphony Concert, Monday, January 8, 1883.”
34. Detroit Free Press, May 12, 1883.
35. Clarence M. Burton, When Detroit Was Young, from “Statistically Speaking,” Detroit History, http://historydetroit.com/statistics.
36. Detroit Free Press, March 11, 1884.
37. “Detroit Philharmonic Club,” unpublished brochure from 1885.
38. John Andrew Russell, The Germanic Influence in the Making of Michigan (Detroit: University of Detroit, 1927), 224–28.
39. Detroit Free Press, July 18, 1875.
40. Detroit Free Press, March 28, 1880; May 16, 1880; June 19, 1880; June 23, 1880.
41. Detroit Free Press, December 28, 1884.
42. Detroit Free Press, March 15, 1885.
43. Detroit Free Press, May 15, 1885.
CHAPTER TWO
1. Detroit Free Press, December 18, 1887.
2. Woodford, This Is Detroit, 77, 82; Clarence Monroe Burton and Agnes Burton, eds. History of Wayne County and the City of Detroit, Michigan (Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1930), 1048, 1141, 1436.
3. John Spitzer, “The Ubiquity and Diversity of Nineteenth-Century American Orchestras,” in American Orchestras in the Nineteenth Century, 22.
4. Detroit Evening News, December 20, 1887.
5. Detroit Free Press, January 26, 1888.
6. Detroit Free Press, March 16, 1888; May 9, 1888.
7. Detroit Free Press, May 6, 1888.
8. Detroit Free Press, December 18, 1888.
9. Detroit Tribune, May 16, 1889.
10. Detroit Free Press, May 16, 1889.
11. Detroit Free Press, October 20, 1889.
12. Detroit Free Press, February 10, 1891.
13. Detroit Free Press, March 2, 1891.
14. Detroit Free Press, March 23, 1891.
15. Detroit Tribune, March 24, 1891.
16. Detroit Free Press, April 25, 1891.
17. John Spitzer, “American Orchestras and Their Unions,” in American Orchestras in the Nineteenth Century, 80.
18. Fritz Kalsow, ledgers for the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, unprocessed collection of documents, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library, Detroit, Michigan.
19. Ibid.
20. Program, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1892–93; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
21. Kalsow, ledgers.
22. Detroit Free Press, April 18, 1893.
23. Detroit Free Press, May 22, 1893.
24. Kalsow, ledgers.
25. Detroit Free Press, April 29, 1894.
26. Detroit Free Press, July 15, 1894.
27. Kalsow, ledgers.
28. Detroit Free Press, January 20, 1895.
29. Detroit Free Press, March 28, 1895.
30. Program, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1894–95; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
31. Kalsow, ledgers.
32. Detroit Free Press, May 5, 1895.
33. Donald Rosenberg, The Cleveland Orchestra Story: “Second to None” (Cleveland: Gray and Company, 2000), 24–25.
34. Program, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1895–96, Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
35. Ibid.
36. Kalsow, ledgers.
37. Program, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1896–97, Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
38. Ibid.
39. Kalsow, ledgers
40. Detroit Free Press, December 16, 1897.
41. Kalsow, ledgers.
42. Ibid.
43. Detroit Free Press, March 15, 1899.
44. John Spitzer, “Orchestras: Local vs. National,” in American Orchestras in the Nineteenth Century, 107.
45. Ibid., 108.
46. Mark Clague, “Building the American Symphony Orchestra: The Nineteenth-Century Roots of a Twenty-First Century Musical Institution,” in American Orchestras in the Nineteenth Century, 25–52.
47. Ibid.
48. Detroit Free Press, December 13, 1899.
49. Kalsow, ledgers.
50. Detroit Free Press, November 25, 1900.
51. Detroit Free Press, December 16, 1900.
52. Detroit Free Press, January 26, 1901.
53. Detroit Free Press, March 15, 1901.
54. Detroit Free Press, January 13, 1901.
55. Detroit Free Press, December 11, 1901.
56. Detroit Free Press, December 14, 1904.
57. Detroit Free Press, May 7, 1905.
58. Detroit Free Press, September 30, 1906.
59. Detroit Free Press, March 7, 1907.
60. Detroit Free Press, December 13, 1907.
61. Detroit Free Press, April 26, 1908.
62. Detroit Free Press, July 3, 1908.
63. Detroit Free Press, October 4, 1908.
64. Detroit Free Press, December 8, 1908.
65. Detroit Free Press, December 15, 1909; February 4, 1910.
66. George W. Stark, City of Destiny: The Story of Detroit (Detroit: Arnold-Powers, Inc., 1943), 478.
CHAPTER THREE
1. Edith Rhetts Tilton, “The History of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra,” from Programs for the 1964–65 Season, 18–19.
2. Ibid., 18.
3. Detroit Tribune, November 29, 1914.
4. Tilton, 19.
5. Detroit Free Press, May 8, 1910.
6. Detroit Free Press, March 3, 1914.
7. Tilton, 19.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., 52.
11. David Lee Poremba, ed., Detroit in Its World Setting (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2001); AMA, Automobiles of America (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1968).
12. Clarence Burton, History of Wayne County and the City of Detroit, vol. 3 (Chicago: S. J. Clarke), 59–60.
13. Ibid., 122, 125.
14. Clarence M. Burton, ed., The City of Detroit, Michigan, 1701–1922, vol. 4 (Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1922), 308–13.
15. Tilton, 53.
16. Detroit Free Press, June 7, 1914.
17. Detroit Free Press, October 10, 1915.
18. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1915–16; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
19. Detroit Free Press, January 3, 1915.
20. Lynne Marie Mattson, “A History of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra” (master’s thesis, University of Michigan School of Music, 1968), 7.
21. Ibid.
22. Detroit Free Press, January 3, 1915.
23. Detroit Free Press, February 25, 1917.
24. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1916–17; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
25. Woodford, This Is Detroit, 102.
26. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1916–17; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
27. Tilton, 53.
28. Detroit Free Press, December 15, 1917.
29. Clara Clemens, My Husband, Gabrilowitsch (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1938), 33.
30. Ibid., 1–5.
31. New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, vol. 7 (London: Macmillan, 1980), 68.
32. American Record Guide, July–August 1993: 214.
33. Clemens, 45.
34. Ibid., 65–83.
35. Ibid., 127–28.
36. Detroit Free Press, December 28, 1917.
37. Detroit Free Press, December 29, 1917.
38. Detroit Free Press, March 2, 1918.
39. Ibid.
40. Jean Maddern Pitrone and Joan Potter Elwart, The Dodges: The Auto Family Fortune and Misfortune (South Bend, IN: Icarus, 1981).
41. Clemens, 104.
42. Ibid., 98–99.
43. Ibid., 104–05.
44. Ibid., 104.
45. Ibid., 105.
46. Detroit Free Press, June 27, 1918.
47. Clemens, 110.
48. Ibid., 111.
49. Ibid.
50. Program, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1917–18; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
51. Clemens, 121.
52. Stages: 75 Years with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra and Orchestra Hall (Detroit: Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall, 1994), 5.
53. Robert Sharoff and William Zbaren, American City: Detroit Architecture, 1845–2005 (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2005), 50.
54. Eric J. Hill and John Gallagher, AIA Detroit: The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2003), 345.
55. Tilton, 176.
56. Ibid.
57. Stages, 5.
58. Sharoff, 33, 50.
59. “Concert Hall Acoustics, with Dr. Cyril Harris,” http://www.aes-media.org/sections/pnw/pnwrecaps/1999/bhmc/.
60. Stages, 82.
61. New York Times, March 2, 1987.
62. Library of Congress, blueprints and drawings of Orchestra Hall, http://www.loc.gov/item/mi0023/.
63. Tilton, 176.
64. Clemens, 122.
65. Detroit News, October 24, 1919.
66. Ibid.
67. Stages, 17.
68. Detroit Symphony Society records, 1919–45, Box 3, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
69. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1992–93, Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
70. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1922–23; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
71. Ibid.
72. Tilton, 117.
73. Ibid., 176.
74. Ibid., 208.
75. Ibid.
76. Ibid., 209.
77. Stages, 27, 31.
78. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1927–28; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
79. Detroit Times, January 9, 1925.
80. DSO program, October 16, 1927.
81. Clemens, 221.
82. Ibid., 336.
83. Ibid., 222.
84. Ibid., 339.
85. John Eliot Gardner, Bach: Music in the Castle of Heaven (New York: Knopf, 2013), 407.
86. Clemens, 337.
87. Ibid., 225.
88. Ibid., 319.
89. Ibid., 242–43.
90. Ibid., 123.
91. Ossip Gabrilowitsch papers, 1920–37 Collection, Box 1 Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
92. Ossip Gabrilowitsch papers, 1920–37 Collection, Box 1, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library; Ossip Gabrilowitsch to Mignon Alger, March 24, 1930, Burton.
93. Ossip Gabrilowitsch papers, 1920–37 Collection, Box 1, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library; Ossip Gabrilowitsch to Joseph Weber, October 13, 1933, Burton.
94. Clemens, 147.
95. Ossip Gabrilowitsch papers, 1920–37 Collection, Box 6, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library; Ossip Gabrilowitsch to Walter Damrosch, November 15, 1922, Burton.
96. Woodford, This Is Detroit, 120–21.
97. Detroit Symphony Society records, 1919–45, Box 3, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
98. Clemens, 259–60.
99. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1932–33; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
100. Clemens, 261.
101. Tilton, 271.
102. Ibid., 272.
103. Clemens, 125.
104. Tilton, 270.
105. Clemens, 279.
106. Ibid., 281.
107. Ibid., 282–83.
108. Ibid., 283, 307.
109. Tilton, 240.
110. Clemens, 321.
CHAPTER FOUR
1. Detroit Symphony Society Records, 1919–45, Box 3, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
2. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1936–37; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
3. Ibid.
4. Detroit Symphony Society Records, 1919–45, Box 3, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
5. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1936–37; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
6. Detroit Symphony Society Records, 1919–45, Box 3, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
7. Tilton, 328–29.
8. New York Times, May 16, 1936.
9. Detroit Symphony Society Records, 1919–45, Box 3, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
10. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1938–39; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Detroit Symphony Society Records, 1919–45, Box 3, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
15. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1938–39; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
16. Ibid.
17. Detroit Symphony Society Records, 1919–45, Box 3, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
18. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1938–39; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
19. Tilton, 241.
20. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1939–40; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
21. Tilton, 329.
22. Ibid.
23. Lynne Marie Mattson, “A History of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra” (master’s thesis, University of Michigan School of Music, 1968), 23.
24. Detroit Free Press, January 16, 1940.
25. Detroit Free Press, January 17, 1940
26. Detroit News, February 21, 1940.
27. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1940–41; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
28. Detroit Symphony Society records, 1919–45, Box 3, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1941–42; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
33. Mattson, 25.
34. Woodford, This Is Detroit, 152–55.
35. Detroit News, February 5, 1942.
36. Time magazine, February 2, 1942.
37. Mattson, 26.
38. Detroit Symphony Society records, 1919–45, Box 3, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. Detroit Free Press, October 4, 1942.
43. Detroit News, October 1, 1942.
44. Musical America, October 1942.
CHAPTER FIVE
1. Detroit Symphony Society records, 1919–45, Box 3, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library.
2. Mattson, 29–30.
3. Detroit News, August 29, 1943; Tilton, 360.
4. Mattson, 30–31; Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1943–44; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48; “Krueger, Karl (Adalbert),” Baker’s Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, vol. 3, ed. Nicolas Slonimsky and Laura Kuhn (New York: Schirmer, 2001).
5. Detroit News, August 21, 1943.
6. Detroit News, November 22, 1943.
7. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1943–44; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
8. Detroit Free Press, February 20, 1944.
9. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1943–44; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Karl Krueger, The Way of the Conductor (New York: Scribner’s, 1958).
13. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1943–44; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
14. Ibid.
15. Detroit News, June 12, 1944; June 18, 1944; August 13, 1944.
16. Detroit Free Press, September 17, 1944.
17. Detroit News, December 2, 1944.
18. Detroit Free Press, March 29, 1945.
19. Detroit News, April 14, 1945.
20. New York Times, January 31, 1945.
21. Ibid.
22. Detroit Free Press, April 1, 1945.
23. Detroit News, April 1, 1945.
24. DAC News, October 1946.
25. DAC News, November 1946.
26. Programs, 1945–46 season.
27. Detroit News, June 17, 1945.
28. Detroit News, December 19, 1946.
29. Programs, March 14, 1946, and October 24, 1946.
30. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1946–47; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
31. Ibid.
32. Detroit News, February 9, 1947.
33 http://www.biography.com/people/margaret-truman-266346#synopsis.
34. Donald Rosenberg, The Cleveland Orchestra Story: “Second to None” (Cleveland: Gray and Company, 2000), 247.
35. Ibid., 249.
36. Ibid., 249.
37. Ibid., 249.
38. Detroit Free Press, February 21, 1947.
39. New York Times, December 14, 1947.
40. Detroit Free Press, Feburary 13, 1949.
41. Time, February 14, 1949.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid.
48. Detroit Times, February 5, 1949.
49. Ibid.
50. Time, March 14, 1949.
51. DAC News, April 1949.
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid.
54. Detroit Free Press, June 11, 1949.
55. Detroit Times, August 25, 1949.
56. Ibid.
57. Detroit News, Sept. 26, 1949.
58. Detroit News, September 26, 1949.
59. Ibid.
CHAPTER SIX
1. John B. Ford, “The Detroit Story,” Board Members Collection, Box 1, Folder: Ford, John B., Detroit Symphony Orchestra Archives, Detroit, Michigan.
2. The Reporter, February 7, 1957.
3. Ford, “The Detroit Story.”
4. http://www.michmarkers.com/startup.asp?startpage=L1790.htm.
5. Ford, “The Detroit Story.”
6. http://www.liveunitedsem.org/history.
7. Ford, “The Detroit Story.”
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. New York Times, May 26, 1951.
11. Detroit Times, April 10, 1954.
12. New York Times, September 16, 1951.
13. Tilton, 393.
14. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1951–52; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48
15. Detroit Times, October 18, 1951.
16. Detroit Free Press, October 15, 1951.
17. New York Times, January 26, 1952.
18. Paray biographical resources: New York Times, October 13, 1979; Tilton, 422–23; Baker’s Biographical Dictionary of Musicians (New York: Schirmer, 2001), 2712–13; www.paulparay.com.
19. Detroit News, January 29, 1952.
20. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1951–52; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48; Tilton, 423.
21. Liner notes to Mercury Living Presence/Chabrier, Roussel, Paul Paray/Detroit Symphony, CD transfer recording, 1991.
22. Gramophone, January 1957.
23. Sensible Sound, July–August 2005.
24. Peter Gutman, “Paul Paray: A Frenchman in Detroit,” http://www.classicalnotes.net/columns/paray.html.
25. Liner Notes to Mercury Living Presence/Chabrier, Rouseel, Paul Paray/Detroit Symphony, CD transfer recording, 1991.
26. American Record Guide, November–December 1994.
27. American Record Guide, November–December 1996.
28. American Record Guide, July–August 1999.
29. Peter Gutman, “Paul Paray: A Frenchman in Detroit,” http://www.classicalnotes.net/columns/paray.html.
30. New York Herald Tribune, January 16, 1954.
31. Musical America, February 1, 1954.
32. New York Times, January 16, 1954.
33. Performance, vol. 10, no. 4.
34. Detroit Free Press, Janaury 23, 1955.
35. Eric J. Hill and John Gallagher, AIA Detroit: The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2003), 14.
36. http://www.historicdetroit.org/building/ford-auditorium/.
37. Hour Detroit, April 2012.
38. New York Times, October 15, 1956.
39. American Record Guide, November–December 1997.
40. Detroit Free Press, March 25, 1957.
41. Detroit News, February 7, 1957.
42. Detroit News, March 18, 1957.
43. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1957–58; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
44. New York Times, February 15, 1954.
45. New York Times, October 12, 1957.
46. Detroit News, January 5, 1958.
47. Musical America, November 15, 1958.
48. Musical Courier, January 1959.
49. http://www.telegram.com/article/20091004/NEWS/910040565/1011.
50. Detroit Free Press, December 10, 1959.
51. The Reporter, February 7, 1957.
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid.
54. Detroit Free Press, March 4, 1960.
55. Detroit News, November 18, 1956.
56. Woodford, This Is Detroit, 162.
57. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1951–52 and 1961–62; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
58. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Collection, Box 14, Folder 48, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
59. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1959–60; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
60. Mattson, 60.
61. Detroit News, September 4, 1961.
62. Mattson, 61.
63. Detroit News, March 29, 1961.
64. New York Times, September 30, 1990.
65. Detroit News, January 12, 1962.
66. Detroit News, March 30, 1962.
67. Impressario magazine, July 1968.
68. Detroit Free Press, August 11, 1968.
69. Ibid.
CHAPTER SEVEN
1. Detroit News, January 6, 1963.
2. New York Times, February 16, 2005; Daily Telegraph (London), February 21, 2005.
3. Independent, February 17, 2005.
4. New York Times, February 16, 2005.
5. Ibid.
6. Independent, February 17, 2005.
7. The Guardian, April 21, 2005
8. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1961–62; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
9. Detroit News, January 6, 1963.
10. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall Inc. Collection, Box 14, Folder 48, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
11. Detroit News, July 1, 1963.
12. Detroit News, July 26, 1963.
13. Detroit News, December 27, 1963.
14. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1963–64; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
15. Tilton, 676.
16. Minneapolis Star, January 19, 1963.
17. New York Times, February 16, 1964.
18. Detroit Free Press, February 7, 1964.
19. Toledo Blade, February 7, 1964.
20. Tilton, 606.
21. http://library.oakland.edu/archives/buildings/building.php?building=361.
22. Mattson, 67–68.
23. http://www.detroitsymphonymusicians.org/archives-2010-11/what-we-think/meadow-brook-remembered/.
24. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1964–65; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
25. New York Times, November 17, 1964.
26. Toledo Blade, April 6, 1965.
27. New York Times, November 2, 1966.
28. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1966–67; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
29. Woodford, 180–81.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid., 183.
32. http://www.detroitsymphonymusicians.org/archives-2010-11/what-we-think/meadow-brook-remembered/.
33. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall Inc. Collection, Box 18, Folder 12, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
34. http://www.worldcat.org/title/milestone-in-d-Minor/oclc/43371877.
35. New York Times, November 3, 1967.
36. New York Times, November 7, 1970.
37. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall Inc. Collection, Box 6, Folder 22, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
38. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1972–73; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
39. New York Times, May 17, 1972.
40. Baker’s Biographical Dictionary of Musicians (New York: Schirmer, 2001).
41. New York Times, November 11, 1970; April 7, 1973.
42. New York Times, August 12, 1973.
43. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall Inc. Collection, Box 6, Folder 22, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
44. New York Times, January 31, 1975.
45. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall Inc. Collection, Box 6, Folder 22, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
46. Program of January 27, 1963, from Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1962–63; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
47. Mattson, 66.
48. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1965–66; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
49. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall Inc. Collection, Box 4, Folder 26, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
50. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1972–73; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; Call number: R789 D48.
51. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall Inc. Collection, Box 6, Folder 22, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
52. Woodford, 222–24.
53. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall Inc. Collection, Box 6, Folder 22, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
54. New York Times, December 21, 1975.
55. Ibid.
56. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall Inc. Collection, Box 6, Folder 23, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
57. Ibid.
58. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall Inc. Collection, Box 6, Folder 2, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
CHAPTER EIGHT
1. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1977–78; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
2. Antal Dorati, Notes on Seven Decades, rev. ed. (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1981), 196.
3. Gramophone, November, 2014.
4. Star Tribune, Minneapolis, January 7, 2007.
5. Dorati biographical sources: New York Times, November 15, 1988; “Dorati, Antal,” The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, vol. 2: 1986–90, ed. Kenneth T. Jackson, Karen Markoe, and Arnold Markoe (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1999), 256–58; “Antal Dorati,” Encyclopedia of World Biography, vol. 32 (Detroit: Gale), 2012.
6. American Scholar, Summer 2013, 93.
7. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1977–78; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
8. Detroit Free Press, November 4, 1977.
9. Windsor Star, November 3, 1977.
10. New York Times, November 4, 1977.
11. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1977–78; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
12. Dorati, 336–37.
13. Ibid., 338.
14. Ibid.
15. High Fidelity, September 1979.
16. Stereo Review, August 1984.
17. Gramophone, February 1984.
18. American Record Guide, September–October 1996.
19. Stereo Review, April 1986.
20. Liner notes, Bartok, Miraculous Mandarin: Music for Stings, Percussion, and Celesta, London/Decca recording, 1985.
21. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1978–79; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
22. Ibid.
23. Dorati, 343.
24. Detroit Free Press, April 27, 1979.
25. New York Times, April 29, 1979.
26. Washington Post, April 30, 1979.
27. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1979–80; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
28. Reprinted in: Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1979–80; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
29. Ibid.
30. Dorati, 344.
31. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Collection, Box 6, Folder 26, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
32. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1979–80; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
33. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Collection, Box 6, Folder 26, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
34. Woodford, 225; New York Times, September 12, 1980.
35. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra Collection, Box 6, Folder 26, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University.
36. New York Times, September 12, 1980.
37. Detroit News, September, 23, 1984.
38. Ibid.
39. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1980–81; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
40. Ibid.
41. Baker’s Biographical Dictionary of Musicians (New York: Schirmer, 2001); Encyclopedia Judaica (New York: Macmillan, 2007).
42. New York Times, December 16, 1982.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid.
47. New York Times, December 22, 1982
48. New York Times, April 14, 1985.
49. Ibid.; Baker’s Biographical Dictionary of Musicians (New York: Schirmer, 2001).
50. New York Times, November 30, 1983.
51. High Fidelity, February 1985.
52. Detroit News, September 23, 1984.
53. Ibid.
54. New York Times, April 14, 1985.
55. High Fidelity, February 1985.
56. Ibid.
57. New York Times, April 14, 1985.
58. Ibid.; Detroit News, September 23, 1984.
59. New York Times, April 21, 1985.
60. PR Newswire, October 10, 1985.
61. New York Times, October 20, 1985.
62. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1985–86, Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
63. New York Times, March 2, 1987.
64. Ibid.
65. New York Times, September 24, 1987.
66. New York Times, November 11, 1987.
67. Ibid.
68. New York Times, December 15, 1987.
69. Globe and Mail, November 14, 1987.
70. Globe and Mail, May 3, 1988.
71. PR Newswire, February 7, 1989.
72. Times, February 14, 1989.
73. PR Newswire, February 9, 1989.
74. PR Newswire, January 31, 1989.
75. New Republic, March 27, 1989.
76. PR Newswire, February 19, 1989.
77. New York Times, March 5, 1989.
78. Ibid.
79. Ibid.
80. Chicago Tribune, March 8, 1989.
81. New York Times, March 5, 1989.
82. Ibid.
83. Ibid.
84. American Record Guide, January–February 1993.
CHAPTER NINE
1. New York Times, November 4, 1991.
2. Detroit Free Press, May 22, 2005.
3. Stereo Review, September 1990.
4. New York Times, April 8, 1979.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. New York Times, February 22, 1980.
9. Baker’s Biographical Dictionary of Musicians (New York: Schirmer, 2001).
10. New York Times, October 6, 1986.
11. New York Times, April 20, 1986.
12. New York Times, January 18, 1990.
13. Stereo Review, September 1990.
14. Ibid.
15. Programs, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 1990–91; Detroit Public Library, Music, Art, and Literature Department, Detroit, Michigan; call number: R789 D48.
16. New York Times, November 4, 1991.
17. New York Times, October 27, 1991.
18. New York Times, November 4, 1991.
19. http://www.phil.frb.org/research-and-data/publications/business-review/1990/brja90dw.pdf.
20. Woodford, This Is Detroit, 234.
21. New York Times, November 4, 1991.
22. Ibid.
23. New York Times, November 6, 1991.
24. Ibid.
25. American Record Guide, January–February 1993.
26. Ibid.
27. Stereo Review, April 1992.
28. American Record Guide, January–February 1993.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. American Record Guide, November–December 1993.
32. American Record Guide, November–December 1994.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. New York Times, May 25, 1994.
36. Detroit News, June 2, 2005.
37. Ibid.
38. Detroit Free Press, May 22, 2005.
39. The Scotsman, May 12, 1999.
40. Detroit News, June 2, 2005.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Detroit Free Press, May 22, 2005.
44. Denver Post, July 14, 1996.
45. Table 23, “Michigan—Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990,” United States Census Bureau.
46. Encyclopedia of African-American Music, vol. 3 (New York: Greenwood, 2011).
47. American Visions, April–May 1994.
48. The News & Record, September 26, 1999.
49. http://www.sphinxmusic.org/index.
50. Ibid.
51. Billboard, April 13, 2002.
52. American Record Guide, July–August 1995.
53. American Record Guide, January–February 1996.
54. New York Times, January 22, 1996.
55. PR Newswire, March 26, 1996.
56. Woodford, 237–39.
57. Ibid.
58. PR Newswire, March 26, 1996.
59. PR Newswire, September 30, 1997.
60. Ibid.
61. Ibid.
62. PR Newswire, April 17, 1998.
63. Ibid.
64. Ibid.
65. Ibid.
66. Birmingham Post, April 29, 1998.
67. Ibid.
68. Ibid.
69. Times, May 1, 1998.
70. Birmingham Post, May 4, 1998.
71. The Guardian, May 5, 1998.
72. The Age, June 11, 1998.
73. M2 Presswire, October 22, 1998.
74. PR Newswire, November 12, 1998.
75. Crain’s Detroit Business, May 15, 2000.
76. Ibid.
77. Ibid.
78. Ibid.
79. Detroit Free Press, January 20, 2000.
80. Ibid.
81. Ibid.
82. Press release, Guardian Industries, September 9, 2000.
83. Ibid.
84. The Palm Beach Post, January 19, 2001.
85. Scotland on Sunday, July 15, 2001; Detroit Free Press, August 21, 2001.
86. Detroit Free Press, August 21, 2001.
87. Detroit Free Press, October 1, 2001.
88. Detroit Free Press, October 8, 2001.
89. Detroit Free Press, October 17, 2001.
90. Detroit News, November 25, 2001.
91. Musical America, May 3, 2003.
92. Detroit News, October 6, 2003.
93. Ibid.
94. Detroit Free Press, December 26, 2004.
95. Detroit News, June 2, 2005.
96. Ibid.
97. Ibid.
98. Ibid.
99. American Record Guide, September–October 2005.
100. Detroit News, June 2, 2005.
CHAPTER TEN
1. New York Times, April 10, 2011.
2. Crain’s Detroit Business, September 12, 2005.
3. Detroit Free Press, June 2, 2007.
4. Crain’s Detroit Business, October 15, 2007.
5. Detroit Free Press, October 8, 2007.
6. Baker’s Biographical Dictionary of Musicians (New York: Schirmer, 2001); Contemporary Musicians (Farmington Hills: Gale, 2003).
7. Detroit Free Press, December 14, 2007.
8. Detroit Free Press, November 26, 2008.
9. http://www.macrotrends.net/1358/dow-jones-industrial-average-last-10-years.
10. http://www.treasury.gov/connect/blog/Documents/FinancialCrisis5Yr_vFINAL.pdf; Bloomberg, September 14, 2012.
11. http://www.treasury.gov/connect/blog/Documents/FinancialCrisis5Yr_vFINAL.pdf; Bureau of Labor Statistics: http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS140000.
12. Crain’s Detroit Business, December 5, 2011.
13. Detroit Free Press, November 26, 2008.
14. American Record Guide, May–June 2009.
15. Ibid.
16. American Record Guide, May–June 2009.
17. India Currents, October 26, 2009.
18. New York Times, November 16, 2009.
19. Crain’s Detroit Business, December 5, 2011.
20. Detroit Free Press, March 18, 2010.
21. Ibid.
22. Detroit Free Press, March 28, 2010.
23. Ibid.
24. Time, July 5, 2010.
25. Detroit Free Press, August 24, 2010; New York Times, August 29, 2010.
26. Detroit Free Press, August 24, 2010.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Detroit News, August 28, 2010.
30. Detroit Free Press, August 29, 2010.
31. Detroit Free Press, October 4, 2010.
32. New York Times, October 3, 2010.
33. Detroit Free Press, October 4, 2010.
34. Detroit News, September 30, 2010.
35. Detroit Free Press, October 1, 2010.
36. Detroit Free Press, October 7, 2010.
37. Guardian, November 20, 2010.
38. Ibid.
39. http://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2010/11/05/131107706/without-an-angel-donor-the-detroit-symphony-orchestra-could-go-dark.
40. http://www.detroitsymphonymusicians.org/archives-2010-11/where-we-stand-list/december-2010/.
41. New York Times, November 6, 1996.
42. http://www.adaptistration.com/blog/2011/01/21/chicago-symphony-musicians-leaflet-for-detroit/.
43. New York Times, February 21, 2011.
44. Detroit Free Press, February 22, 2011.
45. Detroit Free Press, March 1, 2011.
46. http://www.adaptistration.com/blog/tag/detroit-symphony-orchestra/.
47. New York Times, April 9, 2011.
48. New York Times, April 10, 2011.
49. Detroit Free Press, April 12, 2011.
50. New York Times, April 10, 2011.
51. http://www.detroitsymphonymusicians.org/archives-2010-11/press-room/may-2011/.
52. http://www.adaptistration.com/blog/2011/05/26/reading-between-the-lines-in-detroit/.
53. Detroit Free Press, September 18, 2011.
54. Crain’s Detroit Business, December 17, 2012.
55. Detroit Free Press, January 5, 2012.
56. Crain’s Detroit Business, December 17, 2012.
57. Detroit Free Press, January 22, 2012.
58. New York Times, May 13, 2013.
59. Ibid.
60. Gramophone, July 2013.
61. American Record Guide, January–February 2014.
62. New York Times, December 11, 2013.
63. Crain’s Detroit Business, January 15, 2014.
64. New York Times, March 21, 2014.
66. New York Times, August 8, 2014.
68. New York Times, November 12, 2014.
70. Crain’s Detroit Business, December 15, 2014.
71. Detroit Free Press, November 11, 2014.
72. New York Times, June 16, 2013.
