Akkadian, 4, 8, 17, 28, 36, 57, 106, 122, 125, 163, 170, 173. See also Assyrian, Old; Babylonian
Allusion, xxi, xxx, xxxiv, 30, 39, 42, 60, 66, 67, 68, 69, 73, 74, 78, 79, 83, 85, 87, 96, 101, 106, 111, 120, 122, 123, 130, 131, 139, 146, 147, 150, 151, 161, 184. See also Parody
Ambiguity, 9, 20, 27, 116, 137, 155, 186. See also Polysemy
Angels, 3, 5, 7, 17, 28, 66, 141, 167
Aqhat epic, xxiii–xxiv
Arabic, xiv, xxvii, 13, 14, 17, 18, 45, 57, 68, 83, 105, 112, 126, 150, 158, 169, 173, 178, 182, 184, 188
Aramaic, xxvii, 19–20, 24, 37, 59, 60, 73, 75, 85, 87, 95, 101, 108, 109, 111, 115, 120, 140, 144, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 178, 179, 182;
pseudo-Aramaic 28, 37, 126, 156;
Samaritan, 179;
translation, xviii, xxxi, 94, 115, 132. See also Qumran Aramaic translation
Assyrian, Old, 180
Attention, divine, 30
Babylonian, xxvii, xxix, 22, 68, 71, 85, 86, 116;
Enuma Elish, 116;
hymn to Shamash, 161;
“I Shall Praise the Lord of Wisdom,” 16, 63, 74, 85;
“Theodicy, xxi
Bedouin, 125
Behistun inscription, 86
Boils, plague of, 9–10
Bontshe the Silent, xxi
Book of the Dead (Egyptian), 121
Borrowing: linguistic, 17, 22, 36, 68;
literary, 39. See also Allusion
Buber, Martin, and Franz Rosenzweig, method of, xxxvi
Chaldeans, 7
Curse, xxiv, xxvi, xxxvii, 3, 5, 12, 13, 14, 21, 58, 78, 80, 110, 111, 118, 123, 132, 186
Cush, 163
Danel, xxiii–xxiv
Darius, 86
Date of Job, xxvii
Day of the Lord, 107
Dead, realm of, 46, 48, 59, 61–62, 76, 114, 115, 160, 164, 168
Death, 12, 24, 35, 38, 61, 74, 79–80, 88, 96, 119, 140, 146, 172. See also Dead, realm of
Dialogue, xxx, xxxiii, xxxvii, 134–35, 177;
divine, 65
Difficulty in interpreting Job, ix, x, xxviii–xxxii, xxxv, 22, 49, 52, 107, 110, 116, 168
Direct discourse. See Quotation and paraphrase; Speech
Discipline, divine, 19, 23–24, 26, 134, 140, 152, 154, 175
Divine assembly, 5, 17, 19, 26, 65
Double entendre. See Polysemy
Dust and ashes, xix–xx, 127, 185
Eavesdropping, 65
Echo, literary, 15, 17, 22, 29, 35, 48, 50, 60, 61, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 77, 78, 89, 90, 102, 108, 111, 112, 119, 136, 144, 154, 161, 167, 180. See also Allusion
Egyptian, xxi–xxii, 14, 36, 51, 170;
Book of the Dead, 121;
“Eloquent Peasant,” xxi–xxii
El. See Names of God
Elihu chapters, xxv, xxxii, 47, 110, 134–35, 160–61
Eloah. See Names of God
Elohim. See Names of God
“Eloquent Peasant” (Egyptian), xxi–xxii
Enuma Elish (Babylonian), 116
Epistemology, xxvi–xxvii
Epithet, divine, 122, 141, 159
Ethiopic, 31
Evil eye, 72
Figuration, xx, 4, 18, 68, 83, 90, 97, 114, 115, 123, 126, 127, 129, 138, 154, 157, 159, 168, 183, 185. See also Imagery; Metaphor
Folktale features, 3
Gesture, 11, 39, 40, 71, 74, 120, 122, 131, 175
Gezer Calendar, 107
Greek version, 10, 29, 41, 46, 67, 69, 78, 80, 100, 102, 105, 106, 108, 111, 119, 120, 143, 153, 163, 181. See also Translation: ancient translations of Job
Heart, as source of speech, 29, 36, 118
Hebrew, Late/Mishnaic/Rabbinic, 15, 18, 25, 78, 103, 108, 156
Hebrew literary tradition, xxii–xxiii, xxviii
Hittite prayers, 43
Honest speech, xxv–xxvi, xxxv, 29, 30, 117, 138, 186–87. See also Integrity
Hubur, River, 140
Hymn to Shamash (Babylonian), 161
Imagery, xxi, xxxvi, 13, 20, 21, 34, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, 50, 53, 54, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 72, 79, 80, 84, 86, 96, 110, 115, 119, 120, 123, 126, 140, 144, 146, 158, 166, 167, 182, 183. See also Figuration; Metaphor
Incantation for ease of childbirth, xxvii, 12
Insignificance of humanity, 26, 59, 171
Integrity, xxi, xxvi, 4, 20, 47, 97, 100, 117–18, 129. See also Honest speech
Irony, xxv, 4, 17, 22, 48, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 70, 71, 73, 76, 78, 83, 84, 91, 114, 134, 159, 164, 167, 178, 179, 180. See also Parody; Wordplay
“I Shall Praise the Lord of Wisdom” (Babylonian), 16, 63, 74, 85
Job 3:10, xxx–xxxi
Job 3:23, xxix–xxx
Job 4:3–4, xxix
Job 19:17, xxx–xxxi
Job 25–26, xxxiii–xxxiv
Job 27:12–23, xxxiv
Job 42:6, xix–xxi
Just retribution, xxii, 34, 38, 47, 64, 77, 82, 96, 107, 121, 143, 145, 152, 165, 186. See also Wicked
Ketib (written text) and Qere (tradition of reading), 42, 46, 57, 87, 95, 141
Kirta epic (Ugaritic), 100
Language of the book of Job, xxvii–xxviii, xxx–xxxi, 134
Lawsuit of Job, xxiii, xxiv, xxxi, 22, 38, 43, 55, 58, 86, 100, 104, 105, 117, 121, 143, 146, 149, 165–66
Legal procedure, xxx, 21, 22, 40, 41, 55, 56, 58, 62, 70, 86, 100, 105, 121, 137, 148, 165–66
Legend of Job, xxiii–xxiv
Leviathan, 13–14, 28, 40, 177, 179, 183
Ligature of letters nw, 35, 67, 95, 102, 112
Lilith, 80
Making sense of the text, x, xix, xxix, xxxi, xxxii, xxxv, xxxvi, 17, 37, 57, 59, 86, 87, 96, 100, 103, 115, 125, 127, 128, 144, 155, 172
Marduk, 116
Masorah (traditional text), Masoretic, xxxiii, 42, 46, 57, 78, 80, 87, 95, 126, 129, 145, 153
Mesopotamia, Mesopotamian, 7, 140;
flood story, 16;
god descriptions, 177;
literature, 123. See also Babylonian
Metaphor, xxxi, 17, 21, 73, 82, 88, 90, 97, 129, 143, 157. See also Figuration; Imagery
Metonymy, 30, 66, 79, 111, 138, 145
Mockery, 21, 48, 66, 74, 77, 93, 99, 100, 102, 104
Motif or theme, xxi, 3, 70, 74, 84, 160–61, 163, 179
Canaanite or Israelite, xxvii, 13, 22, 24, 27, 32, 39, 40, 60, 79, 115, 116, 163
Names of God, xv–xvi, 3, 5, 8, 22, 23, 27, 53, 118, 135
Names of Job’s companions, 10, 135
Netherworld. See Dead, realm of
Noah, xxiii–xxiv
Numerical sequence, 24
Oral features, xxxvii
Oxymoron, 50
Parallelism, xvi, xxxiii, 25, 30, 36, 41, 42, 46, 49, 52, 62, 86, 103, 141, 183
Parody, xx–xxi, xxxiv, 13, 30, 32, 38, 39, 40, 42, 51, 52, 54, 55, 64, 78, 99, 100, 104, 114, 142, 144, 184. See also Subversion of the conventional
Phoenician, xxiii, xxvii, 13, 28, 125
Pious sufferer, xxi, xxvi, 3, 13, 16, 19, 30, 63, 74, 84, 85, 93, 104, 121, 165–66
Polysemy, xxviii, 27, 31, 41, 43, 44, 53, 56, 57, 63, 71, 78, 84, 86, 89, 91, 94, 101, 103, 105, 133, 136, 170, 179, 184
Power, divine, xv–xvi, xxi, 38, 44, 54, 116, 118, 127, 134, 155, 160, 184
Prayer, 43, 49, 73, 103, 108, 118, 141, 150, 154, 157, 186–87
Problem of evil/innocent suffering, x, xviii, xxi, 20, 41, 87, 104
Prologue, xviii, xix, xxiv, xxv, xxxi, 3, 165
Prose, xxii, xxiv, xxvii, xxviii, xxxvi–xxxvii, 3, 135, 186
Proverbial sayings, xxii, xxvi, xxxiv, 9, 23–24, 35–36, 48, 51–55, 64, 68, 74, 77, 79, 119, 136, 143
Providence, divine, xxi, 45, 51, 134–35, 144, 152–53, 156, 166, 184
Puns, xiii, xxxvii, 42, 48, 54, 57, 58, 59, 65, 71, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 100, 102, 111, 127, 133, 139, 148, 154, 156, 159, 162, 173, 183. See also Wordplay
Queen of Sheba, 7
Question formula, 58
Qumran Aramaic translation, xix, 112, 150, 164, 179, 182
Qumran scrolls, 167
Quotation and paraphrase, xxii, xxvi, xxxii, xxxiii–xxxiv, 16, 36, 39, 53, 65, 67, 68, 69, 71, 77, 95, 96, 113, 114, 117, 119, 135, 139, 140, 143, 144, 146, 150, 184–85
Qur’an, 65
Rabbinic interpretation, 33, 123, 135, 170. See also Talmud
Rearranging the text. See Reconstructing the text
Recapitulation, xxx, xxxiii, 24, 153
Reconstructing the text, xxxii–xxxv, 16, 21, 59–60, 86, 109, 110, 113, 146, 153, 155, 160–61, 167, 172, 180, 181, 187
Remoteness of the deity, xxx, 99, 102, 152–53
Revelation, xxvi–xxvii, 16, 19, 21, 26, 38, 47, 64, 113, 121, 139, 140, 153, 165–66, 187
Rhetoric, xxii, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxvi, 36, 117, 121
Rhetorical question, xxii, xxxiv, 145
Rhythm of the text, xxxvi–xxxvii
Sabeans, 7
Satan, 3, 5, 6, 9, 72, 127, 186
Satire. See Parody
Scribal correction, 33, 41, 57, 101, 135, 146, 158
Scribal error, xxxii, 57, 67, 69, 100, 101, 107, 115, 116, 118, 119, 130, 141, 146, 153, 155, 157, 158, 162, 167, 172, 180, 182, 183
Script, Hebrew, 17, 18, 94. See also Ligature of letters nw; Scribal error
Semitic idiom, 85, 105, 138, 157
Shaddai. See Names of God
Sheol. See Dead, realm of
Skin disease, 9, 31, 34, 72, 79, 85, 128, 186. See also Boils, plague of
Solomon, 4
Speech: dialectal, xxviii;
introduction to, xxxiv, 36, 52, 66, 113–14, 119
Spelling, 52, 57, 114, 115, 141, 163, 167, 172, 182. See also Ketib (written text) and Qere (tradition of reading)
Stigma, xxx, 70, 72, 76, 82, 121
Structure, textual, xxi, xxiv, xxv, xxxiii, xxxvii, 7, 160
Styx, River, 140
Subversion of the conventional, xxii, 12, 30, 42, 44, 45, 53, 58, 83, 84, 85, 96, 115, 123
Suffering servant, xviii
Superstition, 79
Synonyms, 21, 71, 73, 75, 125, 126, 144, 155, 182, 183
Syntax, Hebrew, xxxvii, 9, 20, 49, 101, 107, 155, 180
Syriac, 35, 46, 89, 97, 105, 119, 120, 126, 139
Ten Commandments, 108
Tenth plague, 146
Textual difficulty, ix, xxxi–xxxii, xxxv, 29, 31, 49, 50, 59, 67, 79, 87, 96, 101, 103, 108, 110, 113, 115, 118, 124, 126, 127, 145, 146, 147, 151, 153, 155, 158, 162, 168, 179, 183. See also Making sense of the text; Scribal correction; Scribal error
“Theodicy” (Babylonian), xxi. See also Just retribution
Theophany. See Revelation
Thot, 170
Throne of God, 115
Ti’awat, 116
Tradition, xxi–xxii, xxv–xxvi, 23, 34, 38, 51, 55, 67, 68, 77, 96, 136, 143, 187. See also Proverbial sayings
Transjordan, xv, xxii, xxiii, xxvii, xxviii, 3, 4
Translation: ancient translations of Job, xviii, xxxi–xxxii, xxxiii, 35, 43, 46, 55, 60, 89, 94, 95, 102, 105, 106, 107, 111, 112, 119, 122, 143, 145, 151;
mistranslation, 64;
rationale of, xvii–xviii, xxxv–xxxvii. See also Aramaic; Greek version; Latin; Qumran Aramaic translation; Syriac
Transliteration, method of, xiii–xiv
Truth. See Honest speech
Ugaritic, 22, 27, 32, 116, 154, 157, 162, 173, 182;
Kirta epic, 100
Unknowability of the deity, 47, 48, 113, 134, 152, 160, 165–66
Wicked: misfortunes of, xxii, 19, 21, 34, 36, 50, 64, 110, 112, 119, 120;
prosperity of, xxii–xxiii, xxvi–xxvii, 19, 37, 42, 44, 93, 104, 107, 146, 155. See also Just retribution
Wisdom. See Proverbial sayings; Tradition
Wisdom, Mesopotamian, 48. See also Babylonian
Wisdom books, biblical, xxii
Wordplay, xxviii, xxxvi, 4, 6, 33, 51, 61, 66, 72, 89, 91. See also Puns
Yamm, 13, 32, 39, 40, 116, 163, 167, 168. See also Mythology: Canaanite or Israelite