1 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, pp. 147ff.
2 ‘Behind the Atlantic Battle’, Illustrated magazine, 26th February 1944.
3 Padfield, Dönitz: The Last Führer, p. 478.
4 ‘Heinz Walkerling,’ UBA.
5 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, pp. 147ff.
1 ‘Colin Ryder Richardson: Oral History’, January 2000, IWM, 20805.
2 Ibid.
3 ‘SS Volendam,’ UBA.
4 As quoted in Dimbleby, The Battle of the Atlantic, p. 93.
5 Hermann Lawatsch, U-530, as quoted in Middelebrook, Convoy, p. 60.
6 Battle of the Atlantic, footage filmed by Karl Heinz Geiger, Oracle Home Entertainment (2003).
7 Robertson, Walker R.N., as quoted in BBC’s People’s War.
8 Offley, Turning the Tide, p. xxiv.
9 Kurt Neide, U-415, as quoted in Middlebrook, p. 57.
10 Suhren, Ace of Aces, p. 89.
11 ‘Rolf Hilse: Oral History’, April 2004, IWM, 26952.
1 Christian Lamb to author, various interviews May to July 2018.
2 Recounted by Samuel Palmer for WMP.
3 Collingham, The Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food, ch. ‘The Battle for Food’.
4 Wilt, Food for War, p. 224.
5 Hammond, Food and Agriculture in Britain 1939–45: Aspects of Wartime Control, p. 231.
6 Robertson, Walker R.N., p. 9.
7 Nagorski, Miracles on the Water, p. 62.
8 Ibid., p. 65.
9 Suhren, Ace of Aces, p. 85.
10 Padfield, Dönitz: The Last Führer, p. 203.
11 Nagorski, Miracles on the Water, p. 79.
12 Memorial to J. H. Wallace, Ullapool, Old Telford Church.
13 ‘Conscription: The Second World War,’ parliament.uk.
14 Mason, Britannia’s Daughters, p. 44.
15 Middlebrook, Convoy, p. 204.
16 Neitzel & Welzer, Soldaten–On Fighting, Killing and Dying: The Secret Second World War Tapes of German POWs, p.121.
17 ‘Rolf Hilse: Oral History’, April 2004, IWM, 26952.
18 Interview with Rolf Hilse, International Express (Australia), 10th February 2004, p. 24.
19 Gannon, Black May, p. 166.
20 Monsarrat, Life is a Four-Letter Word, p. 19.
21 Nagorski, Miracles on the Water, p. 123.
22 Ibid., p. 129.
1 Padfield, Dönitz: The Last Führer, p. 25.
2 Ibid., p. 79.
3 ‘Walter Forstmann,’ UBA.
4 Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, p. 106.
5 ‘Hindenburgriese’, Karl Doenitz (unpublished), p. 9.
6 Doenitz, Ten Years and Twenty Days, p. 4.
7 Ibid.
8 Doenitz, Die Verwendung von U-booten im Rahmen des Flottenverbandes.
9 Nagorski, Miracles on the Water, p. 129.
10 Ibid., p. 130.
11 Ibid., p. 131.
12 Ibid., p. 107.
13 ‘Bericht uber FdU Kreigspiel’, 13th April 1939 (PG33390).
14 Herzog, 60 Jahre deutscher U-boote: 1906–1966, pp. 170–2.
15 As recounted in Padfield, Dönitz: The Last Führer, p. 204.
16 ‘Aufschlusselung neuer U-bootstonnage und neuer U-bootstypen’, Carls, 6th May 1938.
17 Prien, Fortunes of War: U-boat Commander, p. 93.
18 Padfield, Dönitz: The Last Führer, p. 256.
19 ‘Memorandum for Submarine Commanders’ (translated), TNA, ADM 223/331.
20 Robertson, The Golden Horseshoe, p. 55.
21 Padfield, Dönitz: The Last Führer, p. 181.
1 Middlebrook, Convoy, p. 69.
2 Suhren, Ace of Aces, p. 65.
3 ‘SS Firby,’ UBA.
4 Middlebrook, Convoy, p. 5.
5 ‘Truth, Reality and Publicity’, Admiral J. H. Godfrey, TNA, ADM 223/320.
6 Ibid., p. 2.
7 Buchheim, U-boat War, ch.1: ‘Occupation: The Atlantic Bases’.
8 Padfield, Dönitz: The Last Führer, p. 246.
9 Le Berd, Lorient sous l’occupation, p. 21.
10 Leroux, Le Morbihan en Guerre 1939–1945, p. 22.
11 ‘Orders for U-Boats in Harbour at Lorient’, 1940–1, TNA, ADM 223/343.
12 Leroux, Le Morbihan en Guerre 1939–1945, pp. 89, 97–8.
13 Taking Control: Women of Lorient, France Direct their Lives Despite the German Occupation (June 1940–May 1945), Victoria Le Corre (2002), p. 77.
1 Unpublished account of life of Nancy Osborne (1990).
2 Fletcher, The Wrens: A History of the Women’s Royal Naval Service, p. 14.
3 John Lunt to author, August 2018.
4 Thomas & Bailey, WRNS in Camera, p. 101.
5 Unpublished account of life of Nancy Osborne.
6 Middlebrook, Convoy, p. 73.
7 Peggy Hill, as quoted in Nicholson, What Did You Do in the War, Mummy?, p. 130.
8 Laughton Mathews, Blue Tapestry, p. 148.
9 Private papers of Miss Janet Sheila Bentram Swete-Evans, IWM, 14994.
10 Stanley, Women and the Royal Navy, p. 99.
11 ‘Women of the Royal Naval Services Uniform Policies’, courtesy of WAM.
12 ‘Capt. Edward H. Molyneux, 79; Dominated Fashions for Years’, New York Times, 23rd March 1974.
13 Elliot, Allied Escort Ships of World War II, p. 171.
14 Osborne, Looking Astern After 50 Years, p. 11.
15 Monsarrat, Monsarrat at Sea, p. 5.
16 Monsarrat, Life is a Four-Letter Word, p. 31.
17 Lund & Ludlam, Nightmare Convoy: The Story of the Lost Wrens, p. 36.
18 Monsarrat, Monsarrat at Sea, p. 6.
19 Doenitz, Ten Years and Twenty Days, p. 428.
20 ‘Adalbert Schnee,’ UBA.
21 Buchheim, Das Boot, p. 21.
22 Suhren, Ace of Aces, p. 89.
23 Churchill Address to House of Commons, 9th September 1941, Hansard.
24 Davidson & Eastwood, Human Nutrition and Dietetics, p. 67.
25 Prime Minister to Minister of Information, 14th April 1941, The Second World War, Volume III: The Grand Alliance, Churchill, p. 128.
1 ‘Record of Bomb Incidents 1940–41’, KCLA, Incident Number 16, ‘Opposite Number 59’.
2 Ibid., Incident Number 20, ‘Opposite Number 9’.
3 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 123.
4 Ibid., p. 67.
5 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, unidentified newspaper clipping.
6 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 70.
7 Ibid.
8 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, unidentified newspaper clipping.
9 Wells, Little Wars, p. 97.
10 Perla, The Art of Wargaming, p. 19.
11 ‘An essay on Naval Tactics, Systematic and Historical’, Clerk.
12 Perla, The Art of Wargaming, p. 40.
13 Churchill, Winston Churchill: My Early Life, p. 3.
14 Email to author from Kelly Wade, Associate Manager, Global Communications, Hasbro, Inc.
15 Bodleian Library, John Johnson Collection, Indoor Games Box Nine.
16 Curry, The Fred Jane Naval Wargame (1906), p. 7.
17 The World at War: Wolfpack: U-Boats in the Atlantic (1939–1944), BBC2, originally broadcast 9th January 1974.
18 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 106.
19 Atlantic Trade Protection’, TNA, ADM 1/9466.
20 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 105.
21 Ibid., p. 115.
1 ‘Very Secret’ Report, SRN 178, TNA, WO 208/4141.
2 Williamson, World War II German Women’s Auxiliary Services, p. 11.
3 Laughton Mathews, Blue Tapestry, p. 77.
4 Noakes, Women in the British Army: War and the Gentle Sex, pp. 116–17.
5 Dictionary of Labour Biography, Volume 13, p. 155.
6 Record of Bomb Incidents 1940–41, KCLA.
7 Lamb, I Only Joined for the Hat, p. 5.
8 Ibid., p. 34.
9 Macintyre, U-boat Killer, p. 28.
10 Christmas Under Fire, propaganda film, BFI.
11 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 124.
12 ‘British food control’, Army News, 14th May 1942.
13 ‘Fighting fit: how dietitians tested if Britain would be starved into defeat’, Laura Dawes, Guardian, 24th September 2013.
14 ‘British and Foreign Merchant Shipping Losses 1941–42’, TNA, MFQ 586/7/372.
15 DA/SW subcommittee minutes, TNA, ADM 1/1219.
16 Private Battles: Our Intimate Diaries: How the War Almost Defeated Us, p. 56.
17 Macintyre, U-boat Killer, p. 30.
18 Overy, Why the Allies Won, p. 31.
19 Smith, Conflict over Convoys: Anglo-American Logistics Diplomacy in the Second World War, pp. 45–6.
20 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 131.
21 Ibid.
1 Prien, Fortunes of War: U-boat Commander, p. 92.
2 Ibid., p. 80.
3 Appendix III, ‘U.99 Interrogation of Survivors’, April 1941, UBA.
4 Doenitz, Ten Years and Twenty Days, p. 174.
5 Robertson, The Golden Horseshoe, p.127.
6 Ibid., p. 114.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid.
9 Prien, Fortunes of War: U-boat Commander, p. 128.
10 Macintyre, U-boat Killer, p. 28.
11 Ibid., p. 32.
12 http://vandwdestroyerassociation.org.uk/HMS_Walker/index.html
13 Blair, Hitler’s U-boat War 1939–1942, p. 256.
14 Macintyre, U-boat Killer, p. 35.
15 ‘Vanoc’s report of proceedings dated 19/3/41’, TNA, ADM 1/11065.
16 Macintyre, U-boat Killer, p. 39.
17 Ibid., p. 49.
18 Ibid., p. 54.
19 Robertson, The Golden Horseshoe, p. 156.
20 Storey (ed.), Battle of the Atlantic: An Anthology of Personal Memories, p. 11.
1 Lamb, ‘Last Tales of a Dog-Watch’, p. 35.
2 Historic England.org, ‘Exchange Buildings’.
3 Betty Sinclair as quoted in Battle of the Atlantic: An Anthology of Personal Memories, p. 109.
4 Ibid., p. 103.
5 Watt, In All Aspects Ready, p. 164.
6 Emma Stringfellow, Western Approaches museum curator, to author, October 2018.
7 Unpublished memoirs of Mary Hall, courtesy of WAM.
8 Middlebrook, Convoy, p. 48.
9 ‘Patricia Anne Parkyn’, WW2 People’s War Archive, BBC.
10 Unpublished memoirs of Mary Hall, courtesy of WAM.
11 Norman Robertson as quoted in Battle of the Atlantic: An Anthology of Personal Memories, p. 107.
12 ‘Dorothy Oldfield’, WW2 People’s War Archive, BBC.
13 Private Papers of Captain H. N. Lake, IWM, 16731.
14 ‘Liverpool Combined Area HQ: completion and enquiries into cost of conversions at Derby House and WRNS accommodation,’ TNA, ADM 1/11581.
15 Robertson, Walker R.N., p. 31.
16 Watt, In All Aspects Ready, p. 165.
17 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 131.
18 Williams, Captain Gilbert Roberts R.N. and the Anti-U-Boat School, p. 86.
19 Unpublished account of life of Nancy Osborne, p. 1.
20 Ibid., p. 2.
21 Monica Janet Sandford to author, 2018.
22 Osborne, Looking Astern After 50 Years, p. 18.
23 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 132.
1 Janet Okell DOB: ‘30th August 1922’, GRO, vol. 8a, p. 586.
2 ‘U-boats Killed on Office Floor’, Liverpool Daily Post, 28th January 1944.
3 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 132.
4 Michael Osborne to author, January 2019.
5 ‘Behind the Atlantic Battle’, Illustrated magazine, 26th February 1944.
6 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 132.
7 Unpublished memoirs of Mary Hall, courtesy of WAM.
8 Baker, The Terror of Tobermory, p. 155.
9 Osborne, Looking Astern After 50 Years, p. 16.
10 Heitmann, Atlantic War Conference, chapter 27.
11 Robertson, Walker R.N., p. 55.
12 Ibid.
13 Osborne, Looking Astern After 50 Years, p. 19.
14 Robertson, Walker R.N., p. 138.
15 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 131.
16 Robertson, Walker R.N., p. 33.
17 Ibid., p. 157.
18 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 133.
19 Williams, Battle of the Atlantic, p. 158.
20 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 133.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid.
23 Ibid.
1 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 132.
2 ‘Behind the Atlantic Battle’, Illustrated magazine, 26th February 1944.
3 Ibid.
4 Introduction to Less-Knowles Lecture, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1951, Vice Admiral Sir Gilbert Stephenson.
5 ‘Western Approaches Tactical Unit: Annual Report’, 1944, TNA, ADM 1/17557.
6 ‘Correspondence with Commanders-in-Chief, Dominions’ Navies and Allied Admirals’, TNA, ADM 205/22A.
7 Whinney, The U-boat Peril, p. 119.
8 Ibid.
9 ‘Scarcer than rubies’, Liverpool Daily Post, 28th January 1944.
10 Milner, The Battle of the Atlantic, p. 128.
11 Records held at WAM.
12 ‘Air Requirements for the Successful Prosecution of the War At Sea’, TNA, AIR 19/9/243.
13 ‘Memorandum to Minister of Aircraft Production’, 8th July 1940, as quoted in Churchill, Their Finest Hour, p. 567.
14 Air Staff Paper, cited in Brodhurst, Churchill’s Anchor, p. 266.
15 Ibid., p. 269.
16 Kennedy, The Business of War, pp. 246–7.
17 Milner, The Battle of the Atlantic, pp. 125–6.
18 ‘The Battles of the Atlantic’, Royal United Services Institution, lecture delivered by Gilbert Roberts, 12th February 1947. Journal 92.566, 202–15, DOI: 10.1080/03071844709433989.
19 Macintyre, U-boat Killer, p. 122.
20 Association of Wrens, Battle of the Atlantic: Official Publication, 2013.
21 Williams, Captain Gilbert Roberts R.N. and the Anti-U-Boat School, p. 117.
22 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 137.
1 Lamb. Last Tales of a Dog-Watch, p. 35.
2 Ibid.
3 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
4 Gentile, Track of the Gray Wolf: U-boat Warfare on the US Eastern Seaboard, 1942–4, p. 12.
5 ‘New U-boat Victim Confirmed by Navy’, New York Times, 17th January 1942.
6 Lamb, Last Tales of a Dog-Watch, p. 60.
7 Ibid.
8 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 137.
9 Chalmers, Max Horton and the Western Approaches, p. 150.
10 ‘Gilbert Roberts: Oral History’, IWM, 2766.
11 Ibid.
12 Macintyre, U-boat Killer, p. 121.
13 Ibid., p. 135.
14 Paul Strong, ‘Wargaming the Atlantic War,’ Paper for MORS Wargaming Special Meeting (2017), p. 12.
15 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 136.
16 Ibid., p. 135.
17 Eulogy for Mary Charlotte Horsfall, courtesy of Jez Robinson.
18 ‘Mary Charlotte Horsfall: Oral History’, IWM, 24920.
19 Laughton Mathews Blue Tapestry, p. 272.
20 ‘Gilbert Roberts: Oral History’, IWM, 2766.
21 Ibid.
22 Layard, Commanding Canadians: The Second World War Diaries of A. F. C. Layard, pp. 33–5.
23 Unpublished diaries of June Duncan, pp. 8–9.
24 Ibid.
25 Mike Gretton to author, October 2018.
26 Unpublished memoirs of Mary Hall.
27 Elsie Pearsal to author, August 2018.
28 Monsarrat, East Coast Corvette.
29 Roberts, The WRNS in Wartime, p. 189.
30 Unpublished memoirs of Mary Hall, courtesy of WAM, Liverpool.
31 As quoted in Middlebrook, Convoy, p. 40.
32 Ibid., p. 190.
33 Laughton Mathews, Blue Tapestry, p. 119.
34 Ibid., p. 120.
35 Roberts, The WRNS in Wartime, p. 202.
36 Eulogy for Gilbert Roberts, George Phillips, kindly supplied by Susan Osman.
37 Elizabeth Osborne to author, May 2018.
38 Unpublished diaries of June Duncan, courtesy of Liverpool Museum, p. 8.
39 ‘Gilbert Roberts: Oral History’, IWM, 2766.
40 Lamb, Last Tales of a Dog-Watch, p. 68.
41 Convoy HX.230.
42 Service Histories of RN Warships in World War 2: HMS ORIBI (G 66), NHN.
1 Christian Lamb to author, 25th July 2018.
2 Lamb, Last Tales of a Dog-Watch, p. 69.
3 Lamb, I Only Joined for the Hat, p. 66.
4 Raeder to Hitler, 14th January 1943, cited in Sandhofer, Dokumente zu militarischem Werdegang des Gr. Admls Doenitz, p. 80.
5 ‘Message from Admiral Commanding U-boats,’ 24th June 1941, TNA, HW 1/7.
6 Padfield, Dönitz: The Last Führer, p. 297.
7 Salewski, Die deutsche Seekriegsleitung: 1935–1945, p. 146.
8 Reynolds, Rich Relations: The American Occupation of Britain, 1942–1945, p. 86.
9 Collingham, The Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food, p. 243.
10 Smith, Conflict over Convoys: Anglo-American Logistics Diplomacy in the Second World War, p. 152.
11 Costello & Hughes, Battle of the Atlantic, p. 213.
12 Ibid., p. 304.
13 Ibid., p. 146.
14 Christian Lamb to author, 25th July 2018.
1 Gannon, Black May, p. 131.
2 Doenitz, Ten Years and Twenty Days, p. 338.
3 Gretton, Convoy Escort Commander, p. 107.
4 Seth, The Fiercest Battle, p. 75.
5 Lund & Ludlam, Nightmare Convoy: The Story of the Lost Wrens, p. 76.
6 Monsarrat, Life is a Four-Letter Word, p. 104.
7 ‘Notes on the Gretton Family’, unpublished family history, p. 17.
8 ‘Commodore’s Report’, TNA, ADM 237/113.
9 Ibid.
10 Gretton, Convoy Escort Commander, p. 147.
11 ‘Use of Special Intelligence in Battle of Atlantic, Convoy ONS.5, April–May 1943’, TNA, ADM 223/88.
12 KTB–BdU, 27th April, p. 7, as referenced in Gannon, Black May, p. 140.
13 Gretton, Convoy Escort Commander, p. 140.
14 Middlebrook, Convoy, p. 316.
15 Ibid.
16 Captain Lake memorandum, as cited in Middlebrook, Convoy, p. 289.
17 Unpublished memoirs of Mary Hall, courtesy of WAM.
18 Elsie Pearsal to author, August 2018.
19 Gretton, Convoy Escort Commander, p. 143.
20 ‘Interview with Howard Oliver Goldsmith’, Daily Telegraph, 8th February 1993.
21 Gannon, Black May, p. 155.
22 Gretton, Convoy Escort Commander, p. 147.
23 Padfield, Dönitz: The Last Führer, p. 303.
1 Lamb, I Only Joined for the Hat, pp. 79ff.
2 Ibid.
3 Gannon, Black May, p. 170.
4 ‘Special Intelligence Summary, April 29th–May 5th 1943, Convoy ONS.5, Analysis of U-boat Operations’, TNA, ADM 223/16.
5 Lamb, Last Tales of a Dog-Watch, p. 71.
6 Gretton, Convoy Escort Commander, p. 141.
7 Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 13, Thursday, 9 May 1946, YLS.
8 Service Histories of RN Warships in World War 2: HMS ORIBI (G 66), NHN.
9 Gannon, Black May, p. 243.
10 Christian Lamb to author, 25th July 2018.
11 WAM documents.
12 Lamb, Last Tales of a Dog-Watch, p. 70.
13 Daily Express, 13th May 1943.
14 Seth, The Fiercest Battle, p. 17.
15 Commander-in-Chief Western Approaches to Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, 20th June 1943, TNA, ADM 234/370 pp. 28–30.
16 Gretton, Convoy Escort Commander, p. 149.
17 Gretton, ‘Notes on the Gretton Family’, p. 83.
18 Offley, Turning the Tide, p. 354.
19 Gretton, ‘Notes on the Gretton Family’, p. 83.
20 Ibid., p. 18.
21 ‘Premier’s Guildhall Speech: Freedom of the City,’ AP, BM43824–4.
22 BdU–KTB, 23rd May 1943, as cited in Padfield, Dönitz: The Last Führer.
23 Padfield, Dönitz: The Last Führer, p. 320.
24 Boog, Rahn, Stumpf & Wegner (eds.), Germany and the Second World War Volume 6: The Global War.
1 Christian Lamb to author, 25th July 2018.
2 Hammond, Food and Agriculture in Britain 1939–45: Aspects of Wartime Control, p. 185.
3 Chalmers, Max Horton and the Western Approaches, pp. 199–200.
4 Offley, Turning the Tide, p. 373.
5 Hansard, 21 September 1943 vol. 392 cc69–170.
6 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, (no page ref.).
7 Unpublished memoir of Elizabeth Osborne.
8 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 132.
9 Ibid.
10 Osborne, Looking Astern After 50 Years, p. 19.
11 Emma Stringfellow to author, May 2019.
12 Eulogy for Gilbert Roberts, George Phillips, kindly supplied by Susan Osman.
13 ‘It Was Once Hush-Hush’, unattributed newspaper clipping from the papers of June Duncan.
14 ‘Mary Charlotte Horsfall: Oral History’, IWM, 24920.
1 ‘Report from Captain Roberts on his visit to Germany’, TNA, ADM 1/17561, Appendix I, pp. 1–2.
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 147.
5 ‘Getting Fritz to Talk’, Virginia Quarterly Review, Spring 1978.
6 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howard Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 147.
7 ‘The Capture of 500 Enemy Wrens’, War Illustrated.
8 ‘Report from Captain Roberts on his visit to Germany’, TNA, ADM 1/17561, Appendix I, p. 1.
9 Schaeffer, U-boat 977, p. 163.
10 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, pp. 148ff.
11 Ibid., p. 150.
12 ‘Interrogation of Senior German Officers at Flensburg’, TNA, ADM 1/18222.
13 ‘Visit to U-3008 at Kiel, 25th May 1945,’ TNA, ADM 1/17561.
14 Laughton Mathews, Blue Tapestry, p. 248.
15 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 152.
16 Ibid, p. 153.
1 ‘U-249’, UBA.
2 Private papers of Nancy Osborne.
3 Laughton Mathews, Blue Tapestry, p. 245.
4 Ibid., p. 247.
5 Roberts, The WRNS in Wartime, p. 171.
6 ‘Hitler’s Testimony Before the Court for High Treason from Frankfurter Zeitung’, Document 2512-PS, Cornell University Law Library, translated by Evelyn Glazier, P/O WRNS, 37371.
7 Thomas & Bailey, WRNS in Camera, p. 101.
8 ‘Olive’, WW2 People’s War Archive, BBC.
9 Nicholson, What Did You Do in the War, Mummy?, p. 133.
10 ‘A Service Which Astonished the World’, Western Morning News, 25th October 1945.
11 Eulogy for Mary Charlotte Horsfall.
12 Roberts, The WRNS in Wartime, p. 223.
13 Ibid.
14 Paton, ‘The Best of Women,’ p. 39.
15 Last will and testament of Jean Laidlaw, 2007.
16 Eulogy for Wren Nan Wales, June 2005.
17 ‘Battle of the Atlantic’, supplement to the Daily Post, 22nd March 1993, p. 3.
18 ‘Glory days of model June’, Sidmouth Herald, April 1990.
19 ‘Battle of the Atlantic’, supplement to the Daily Post, 22nd March 1993, p. 3.
20 Laughton Mathews, Blue Tapestry, p. 281.
1 ‘Western Approaches Tactical Unit: Annual Report’, 1944, TNA, ADM 1/17557.
2 Ibid., Appendix, pp. 2–3.
3 Ibid., Appendix, p. 3.
4 WAM archives.
5 Letter to Gilbert Roberts from A.V. Alexander, 8th June 1945, Roberts Family Papers.
6 As quoted in eulogy for Wren Nan Wales, June 2005.
1 http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/ucconvoys.html.
2 ‘The Life Story of Dynley Parkin’, Parkin, pp. 4ff.
3 Statistics held at WAM.
4 ‘Russia’s War Games With Fake Enemies Cause Real Alarm’, New York Times, 13th September 2017.
5 https://twitter.com/veishnoriya_f_o.
6 ‘Russia’s War Games With Fake Enemies Cause Real Alarm,’ New York Times, 13th September 2017.
7 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, p. 194.
8 Letter to Gilbert Roberts from Frank Carr, director of National Maritime Museum, 24th July 1948. Private Papers of Gilbert Roberts.
9 Susan Osman to author, October 2018.
10 ‘Life and Letters of Gilbert Howland Roberts’, unpublished diaries, ‘New Year 1976’.
11 Ibid., p. 144.
12 ‘He Left Sea To Create Modern Farm’, Western Morning News, 18th June 1948, p. 2.
13 ‘Veteran Stories: Carol Elizabeth Duffus (née Hendry)’, The Memory Project, https://bit.ly/2DgA5iq.
14 ‘Wren’s Model Career’, Daily Post, 22nd March 1993, p. 3.