Mossad is based on a large variety of sources, books, documents, newspaper articles, and interviews. As it deals with exclusively secret materials, the importance of reliable, solid sources is crucial. Most of the sources in Hebrew were unpublished documents and in-depth interviews with many of the major players in that world of shadows. We also used a great number of sources in English, after trying to separate the genuine information from the fantastic inventions of fertile minds. We hope to have succeeded in this endeavor.
As for the Hebrew books and articles mentioned in the references, their titles were translated into English. The sources marked with an (H) are in Hebrew.
Among the many different sources for this book, the authors used the following publications by Dr. Ronen Bergman:
Chapter 1: “King of Shadows” is based on, among other sources:
“In His Majesty’s Service,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 5.2.2010 (H)
“Dagan Raised Chaos,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 7.10.2005 (H)
“Closed Institution,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 3.7.2009 (H)
Chapter 2: “Funeral in Tehran” is based on, among other sources:
Bergman Ronen, Point of No Return (Kinneret: Zmora-Bitan Dvir, 2007), pp. 32, 454–56,470–71,473,478,481–82,491–92 (H)
“A Fantastic Incident,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 7.12.2007 (H)
“The Spy Who Talked,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 12.9.2009 (H)
“The Brain,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 19.3.2010 (H)
Chapter 4: “A Soviet Mole and a Body at Sea” is based on, among other sources:
“That’s How the Mossad Killed Father (And Lied to Mother),” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 26.5.2006 (H)
Chapter 14: “Today We’ll Be at War!” is based on, among other sources:
“Their Man in Cairo,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 6.5.2005 (H)
“Code Name Hatuel,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 7.9.2007 (H)
Chapter 16: “Saddam’s Supergun” is based on, among other sources:
“Cut off His Head, Mossad Version,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 8.6.2007 (H)
Chapter 17: “Fiasco in Amman” is based on, among other sources:
“Less Luck Than Brain,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 7.7.2006 (H)
Chapter 18: “From North Korea with Love” is based on, among other sources:
“Assad’s Nuclear Plan,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 4.4.2008 (H)
“The Nuclear General Killed on Shore,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 4.8.2008
“Wikileaks: The Attack on Syria,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 24.12.2010 (H)
Chapter 20: “The Cameras Were Rolling” is based on, among other sources:
“Turn off the Plasma,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 31.12.2010 (H)
“The Anatomy of Mossad’s Dubai Operation,” Ronen Bergman, Christopher Schult, Alexander Smoltczyk, Holger Stark, and Bernard Zand, Spiegel Online, 17.1.2011
Chapter 21: “From the Land of the Queen of Sheba” is based on, among other sources:
“The Price: 4000 Killed,” Ronen Bergman, Yedioth Ahronoth, 3.7.1998 (H)
CHAPTER 1: KING OF SHADOWS
MEIR DAGAN
“Meir Dagan, the Mastermind Behind Mossad’s Secret War,” Uzi Mahanaimi, Sunday Times, February 21, 2010
“The Powerful, Shadowy Mossad Chief Meir Dagan Is a Streetfighter,” London Times, February 18, 2010
“Mossad Chief Meir Dagan Is a ‘Streetfighter,’ ” Nation (Pakistan), February 18, 2010
“Vegetarian, Painter . . . Spy Chief,” Uzi Mahanaimi, Sunday Times, February 21, 2010
“Mossad—The World’s Most Efficient Killing Machine,” Gordon Thomas, Rense
.com, September 12, 2002
“Abu Jabel Gets the Mossad,” Yigal Sarna, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 13, 2002 (H)
Mike Eldar, Sayeret Shaked Association, The Heritage, synopsis of the book Unit 424, the story of Sayeret (Commando) Shaked, published by Shaked Association (H)
“Dagan Who?” Sima Kadmon, Yedioth Ahronoth, November 30, 2001 (H)
“Mossad in Deep Freeze,” Ron Leshem, Yedioth Ahronoth, January 18, 2002 (H)
“The First Liquidations,” Yigal Sarna and Guy Leshem, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 26, 1997 (H)
“For You, Grandpa,” Amos Shavit, Yedioth Ahronoth, Day of the Holocaust, April 12, 2010 (H)
“One Could Blow Up,” Amir Oren, Haaretz, March 28, 2010 (H)
“Even in the Yom Kippur War the Best Generals Were Mistaken,” Ron Leshem, Yedioth Ahronoth, January 14, 2000 (H)
“Sharon Raised Dagan,” Nahum Barnea, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 13, 2002 (H)
“The Brave Officer Who Did Not Recoil from Killing,” Yedioth Ahronoth, September 11, 2002 (H)
“Meir Dagan: Israeli Superman,” Smadar Perry, Yedioth Ahronoth, January 17, 2010 (H)
“Israel Is Conducting a Liquidation Campaign in the Middle East,” Dana Herman, Haaretz, February 14, 2010 (H)
“His Life’s Job,” Yoav Limor and Alon Ben-David, YNET, June 4, 2005 (H)
“In the Dark, It’s Not Bad to Be Head of the Mossad Meir Dagan,” Amir Oren, Haaretz, March 23, 2010 (H)
“Even Nasrallah Fears Dagan’s Methods,” Aluf Ben, Haaretz, September 26, 2008 (H)
“Special Profile—The Man Who Gave Back to Israel Its Deterrent,” Alon Ben-David, February 4, 2010, News.nana10.co.il/article (H)
“A Politician Takes Risks (About Meir Dagan),” Stella Korin-Lieber, Globes, February 18, 2010 (H)
“Who Will Handle the Iranian Nuclear Project,” Aluf Ben, Haaretz, August 26, 2003 (H)
“Sharon Delegates to the Mossad Director the Dealing with the Iranian Nuclear Threat,” Aluf Ben, Haaretz, September 4, 2003 (H)
ATTACKS ON TERROR LEADERS IN SYRIA AND LEBANON
“Islamic Jihad Leader Killed in Lebanon,” Bassem Mroue, Associated Press, Washington Post, May 26, 2006
“Syria Blast Kills Hamas Militant,” BBC News, September 26, 2004
“Report: Mashal’s Secretary Was Killed in Syria,” Yoav Stern, Haaretz, September 9, 2008 (H)
“The Explosion in Beirut Targeted Hamas Official Osama Hamdan,” Zvi Yechezkeli, Nana 10, December 27, 2009 (H)
“Report: Hezbollah Members Were Killed in the Bombing in Beirut,” Roie Nachmias, YNET, December 13, 2009 (H)
“Report: 3 Hurt in the Attempt to Kill Hezbollah Member,” Roie Nachmias, YNET, January 13, 2010; Haaretz, June 20, 2010 (H)
“Netanyahu Thanked Dagan in the Name of the Jewish People,” Shlomo Zesna, Israel Hayom, January 3, 2011(H)
“Dear Meir Here Is George,” Itamar Eichner, Yedioth Ahronoth, January 14, 2011
CHAPTER 2: FUNERAL IN TEHRAN
GENERAL
Sokolski, Henry, and Patrick Clawson, eds., Getting Ready for a Nuclear-Ready Iran (PDF), Strategic Studies Institute, 2005
Cordesman, Anthony H., and Khalid R. Al-Rodhan, Iranian Nuclear Weapons? The Uncertain Nature of Iran’s Nuclear Programs (PDF), Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2006
Lewis, Jeffrey, Briefings on Iran’s Weaponization Work, Lewisarmscontrolwonk.com, March 12, 2008
Risen, James, State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration (New York:, Simon and Shuster, 2006)
Cockburn, Andrew and Leslie Cockburn, Dangerous Liaisons: The Inside Story of the U.S.-Israeli Covert Relationship (New York: HarperCollins, 1991)
Cordesman, Anthony, Peace and War—The Arab-Israeli Military Balance Enters the 21st Century (New York: Praeger, 2001)
Minashri, David, Iran: Between Islam and the West (Ministry of Defense Publishing House, 1996) (H)
“UN Calls US Data on Iran’s Nuclear Aims Unreliable,” Bob Drogin and Kim Murphy, Los Angeles Times, February 25, 2007
“Juan Cole Interview: Conversations with History, Iran and Nuclear Technology,” Harry Kreisler, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley, Berkeley.edu/people5/cole
“The Enduring Threat—a Brief History: Iranian Nuclear Ambitions and American Foreign Policy,” Terence M. Gatt, Information Clearing House, Informationclearinghouse.info.article, November 3, 2005
“Iran’s Nuclear Program, Recent Developments,” Sharon Squassoni, CRS Congressional report, 2003, fpc.state.gov/documents/organization
“Iran Nuclear Milestones 1967–2009,” Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control, The Risk Report, vol. 15, no. 6 (November–December 2009)
“The Secret Nuclear Dossier: Intelligence from Tehran Elevates Concern in the West,” Dieter Bednarz, Erich Follath, and Holger Stark, Der Spiegel, January 25, 2010
Parsi, Trita, Treacherous Alliance: The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran, and the U.S. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007)
A Brief History of Iran Missile Technology, Liveleak.com/view, June 9, 2007
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Bushehr Background, Globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/iran/bushehr, October 15, 2008
New Nuclear Revelations, transcript of the press conference of Mohammad Mohadessine, Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Council of the Resistance of Iran, IranWatch.org, September 10, 2004
Iranian Entity: Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, IranWatch.org, January 26, 2004–August 27, 2008
Zafrir, Eliezer (Gaizi), Big Satan, Small Satan: Revolution and Escape in Iran, Maariv, 2002 (H)
Kam, Ephraim, From the Terror to the Nuclear: The Meaning of the Iranian Threat (Defense Ministry Publishing House, 2004) (H)
Nakdimon, Shlomo, Tammuz in Flames (Tel Aviv: Yedioth Ahronoth, 2004) (H)
“Iranian Organization: The Nuclear Project Renewed After 2003,” Reuters, YNET, December 1, 2007 (H)
“Rajavi Against the Ayatollahs,” Kraig Smith, Haaretz.co.il, 2005 (H)
“First Nuclear Explosion,” Ronen Salomon, Byclick. Info/rs/news (H)
“How to Build a Nuclear Bomb,” Minerva.tau.ac.il/bsc/1/1804 (H)
Report: Iran Will Cross the Technological Threshold in 2010, International Institute for Strategic Studies, YNET, January 28, 2009 (H)
“Head of American Intelligence: Iran May Threaten Europe Within Three Years,” AP, YNET, January 17, 2009 (H)
“Analyzing the Enigma: What Will Iran Do If Attacked? The Answer Will Surprise You,” Dr. Guy Bechor, Forum Intifada, Internet News, December 8, 2008 (H)
“Iran Will Be Able to Produce a Bomb This Year,” Der Spiegel, Forum Intifada, Topics and News, January 25, 2010, and NRG January 25, 2010 (H)
“How to Stop the Bomb,” Yoav Limor, YNET, June 19, 2007 (H)
“War Games (Scenarios),” David Sanger, New York Times, Haaretz, April 4, 2010 (H)
“Uri Lubrani: An Interview at His Retirement from the Ministry of Defense,” Yossi Yehoshua and Reuven Weiss, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 15, 2010 (H)
“Palestine Iran Palestine,” Ari Shavit, Haaretz, March 25, 2010 (H)
“How the Opportunity to Attack and Destroy the Iranian Nuclear Project Was Missed,” Aluf Ben and Amos Harel, Haaretz, December 18, 2009 (H)
“Appointment in Iran: The Head of the Nuclear Project Is the Scientist Who Survived the Attempt on His Life,” Yedioth Ahronoth, February 14, 2011 (H)
“An Analysis of the Virus in the Iranian Nuclear Reactor, Confirms Its Purpose: To Sabotage the Centrifuges,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, November 19, 2010 (H)
“Mossad, U.S., U.K. Cooperating to Sabotage Iran Nukes,” jpost.com.staff, December 30, 2010
KHOMEINI AND THE “ANTI-ISLAMIC” NUCLEAR WEAPONS
Tahiri, Amir, Allah’s Spirit: Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution (Tel Aviv: Ofakim-Am-Oved, 1985) (H)
“Will Worldwide Recession Create Totalitarianism Again?” Carol Forsloff, Digital Journal, December 14, 2008
“Khamenei Vehemently Rejects Nuclear Allegations,” Arabianbusiness.com, June 3, 2008
“Has Iran Been Striving for Nuclear Weapons for Many Years?” Kedma Amirpour Katajun, translated from the Zud Deutsche Zeitung with the author’s permission, Kedma.co.il (H)
“A Speech by the Ayatollah Khomeini About Nuclear Development and the Negative Influence of the American Technology,” Answers Yahoo.com, April 9, 2006 (H)
“Before Starting a New War in the Middle East,” Yossi Dahan, Haoketz, haokets
.didila.com, June 5, 2009 (H)
1977—ISRAEL OFFERS BALLISTIC MISSILES TO IRAN
Minutes of Conversation Between Defense Minister Weizman and General Toffinian, July 18, 1977; see also Top Secret Minutes from Israel’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 18, 1977, Digital National Security Archive, George Washington University, Washington, DC
The authors’ interviews with former Minister of Defense Ezer Weizman and with former Director General of the Ministry of Defense Dr. Pinhas (Siko) Zusman
“The Israeli Past of the Iranian Nuclear Reactor,” Gad Shimron, Maariv, August 8, 2007 (H)
DR. KHAN AND IRAN’S SECRET NUCLEAR PROGRAM
Eurenco, profile: Eurenco.com/en/about
Dr. Khan’s televised confession, Whitemaps.co.il
“Bin Laden’s Operatives Still Use Freewheeling Dubai,” USA Today, September 2, 2004
Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan discusses Nuclear Program in TV talk show, Karachi Aaj News television, 31 August, 2009
“Iran Was Offered Nuclear Parts; Secret Meeting in 1987 Might Have Begun Program,” Daphna Linzer, Washington Post, February 27, 2005
“How America Looked the Other Way as Pakistan Sold Nuclear Technology to Iran,” Joseph and Susan Trento, War News, Secret History, Iraqwarnews.org, October 20, 2009
“Are You with Us—or Against Us?” Jonathan Shell, Wagingpeace.org, November 14, 2007
“Non-Proliferation Review and Iran—Why China Owes Us One,” William Sweet, Arms control and proliferation, arms control foreign policy.com
“Investigation: Nuclear Scandal—Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan,” Simon Henderson, Sunday Times, September 20, 2009
“A. Q. Khan and the Limits of the Nonproliferation Regime,” Christopher Clary, Center for Contemporary Conflict, Monterey, CA, articles written between April and June 2004, Unidir.orgpdf/articles
DR. CHAUHDRY’S DEFECTION
“Pakistani Says a Strike Was Planned on India,” John Kifner, New York Times, July 2, 1998
“That Pakistani Nuclear Expert May Be a Lowly Accountant,” John Kifner, New York Times, July 3, 1998
“Scientists Say Pakistani Defector Is Not Credible,” John Kifner, New York Times, July 8, 1998
“Pakistan Was 48 Hours Away from a Preemptive Strike: Scientist,” Chidanand Rajghatta, Indian Express, July 3, 1998
“More Disclosures After Asylum: Defector,” Tribune (India), July 5, 1998
“Mystifying Spy,” Narayan D. Keshavan, Outlook India, July 13, 1998
“Iran Part of Pakistan-China Nexus: Khan,” Chidanand Rajghatta, Indian Express, July 3, 1998
“Asylum Seeker’s Story Still Doubted,” Associated Press of Pakistan, July 3, 1998
“Articles About Defection—Pakistani Reveals Details of Nuclear Program, Seeks Asylum,” Robin Wright, Los Angeles Times, July 2, 1998
“Khan Job: Bush Spiked Probe of Pakistan’s Dr. Strangelove, BBC reported in 2001,” Greg Palast, Gregpalast.com, September 2, 2004
Various reports of the press conferences held by Dr. Iftikhar Khan Chauhdry on July 1, 1998, in the offices of Wildes & Weinberg, attorneys-at-law, 515 Madison Avenue, New York
ISRAEL AND THE DEFECTION OF ASKARI AND AMIRI FROM IRAN
“Former Iranian Defense Official Talks to Western Intelligence,” Daphna Linzer, Washington Post, March 8, 2007
“Mossad Implicated in Missing Defector Mystery,” Tim Butcher, Telegraph, March 9, 2007
“Defector Spied on Iran for Years,” Uzi Mahanaymi, Sunday Times, March 11, 2007
“Iran Nuclear Scientist Defects to the U.S. in CIA ‘Intelligence Coup,’ ” Matthew Cole, ABC News, April 1, 2010
“Report: The Top Iranian Decided to Leave His Country and Defect to USA,” Yoav Stern, Haaretz, March 7, 2007 (H)
“Contradicting Reports About the Defection of the Iranian General,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, March 12, 2007 (H)
“Report: Two Iranian Nuclear Scientists Defected Lately to the West,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, October 7, 2009 (H)
“Iran: The USA Is Involved in the Disappearance of Our Atomic Scientists,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, October 8, 2009 (H)
“Report: Uranium Scientist Who Disappeared in Saudi Arabia Defected to USA,” Reuters, March 31, 2010 (H)
“The Nuclear Scientist Who Disappeared in Saudi Arabia Assists the CIA,” Israel Hayom, April 2, 2010 (H)
DR. MOHSEN FAKHRIZADEH (“THE BRAIN”)
Iranian Entity: Mohsen Fakhrizadeh Mahabadi. Full bio and functions, including passport numbers. Assets in US and EU frozen, etc. IranWatch.org, June 18, 2007–August 28, 2008
NCRI—Press conference on Resistance in Iran, by Mohammad Mohadessin, Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman, on Fakhrizadeh: Full functions, address, phone numbers, IranWatch.org, November 17, 2004
“Iran Suspends Enrichment in Return for EU Pressure on Opposition,” Irannuclear.org, November 15, 2005
“Verbatim: Iranian Opposition Reveals Secret Nuclear Site in Tehran,” Iranfocus
.com, November 19, 2004
“Iran Is Ready to Build an N-bomb, It’s Just Waiting for the Ayatollah’s Order,” James Hider, Richard Beeston in Tel Aviv, and Michael Evans, defense editor, Times (London), August 3, 2009
“Disclosing a major secret nuclear site under the Ministry of Defense,” NCRI, Weapons of Mass Destruction newsletter, November 17, 2004
“Ministry of Defense Continues Secret Work on Laser Enrichment Program,” Irannuclear.org, February 12, 2006
“Half Sigma: How Much Does a Nuclear Bomb Have to Weigh?” Half Sigma.com, September 29, 2009
Fakhri Zadeh—Dr. Strangelove, seeker 401, wordpress.com
SECRET OPERATIONS IN IRAN
“U.S. Working to Sabotage Iran’s Nuke Program,” Scott Conroy, Article written by Sheila MacVicar and Ashley Velie with Amy Guttman, May 23, 2007
Article plus report on the CBS Evening News
“Report: Israel Secretly Sabotaging Iran’s Nuclear Program (Using Assassins, Sabotage, Double Agents and Front Companies),” Daily Telegraph, quoted by YNET, February 17, 2009 (H)
“Western Sabotage Undermines Iran Nuclear Drive: Experts,” France 24, International News, AFP, April 13, 2010
“Iranian Nuclear Scientist ‘Assassinated by Mossad,’ ” Sara Baxter, Times (London), February 4, 2007
“Bush Authorizes New Covert Action Against Iran,” ABC News, May 22, 2007
“Jitters Over Iran Blast Highlight Tensions,” World News on MSNBC, Associated Press, February 16, 2005
“Massive Explosion in Parchin Missile Site of the Guard Corps,” Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Council of Resistance of Iran, November 14, 2007
MPG’s Bushehr branch video of Petrochemical plant explosion [in Bushehr Province], MPG, Bushehr Branch, Marzeporgohar.org, August 15, 2009
“U.S. Sabotaged Natanz, Sent Defective Equipment to Islamic Republic (Power System Failed and 50 Centrifuges Exploded),” Iran Times International, BNET (CBS Interactive), August 29, 2008
Iranian attack complicates nuclear negotiations (murder of Ali-Mohammadi), Stratfor, Global Intelligence, January 12, 2010
Iran-Israel covert war: the Mossad is said to wage a clandestine campaign of assassination and sabotage against Iran’s nuclear programme, but this could backfire on President Obama’s efforts to negotiate with Tehran, Ed Blanche, The Middle East, Thefreelibrary.com/_/print, July 1, 2009
“Israel Launches Covert War Against Iran,” Philip Sherwell, Daily Telegraph, February 18, 2009
“Sources Expose Covert Israel War on Iran,” Press TV, Payvand Iran News, payvand.com/news, February 17, 2009
“Iran Nuke Laptop Data Came from Terror Group,” Gareth Porter, IPS, ipsnews
.net, February 29, 2008
“Report Ties Dubious Iran Nuke Documents to Israel, ”Gareth Porter, Counterpunch, Counterpunch.org, June 4, 2009
“Mysterious Assassination in Iran—Who Killed Masoud Ali Mohammadi?” Dieter Bednarz, Der Spiegel, January 18, 2010
“Iran’s VIP Plane Crash: Sabotage or Accident?” Stratfor.com, January 10, 2006
“Swiss Engineers, a Nuclear Black Market and the CIA,” William J. Broad and David E. Sanger, New York Times, August 25, 2008
“Iran Hangs Convicted Spy for Israel,” Thomas Erdbrink, Washington Post, November 23, 2008
“British Agent Exposed True Purpose of Qom Reactor,” Ron Ben-Ishai, YNET, December 15, 2009 (H)
“How Secrecy Over Iran’s Qom Nuclear Facility Was Finally Blown Away,” Catherine Philip, Francis Elliot, and Giles Whittell, Sunday Times, September 26, 2009
“CIA Knew About Iran’s Secret Nuclear Plant Long Before Disclosure,” Bobby Ghosh, Time, October 7, 2009
“How El-Baradei Misled the World About Iran’s Nuclear Program,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz in English, December 3, 2009
“Mossad: Was This the Chief’s Last Hit?” Gordon Thomas, Telegraph, December 5, 2010
“Israel Seen Engaged in Covert War Inside Iran,” Luke Baker, Reuters (London), February 17, 2009
“West Is Assassinating Scientists as Negotiation Strategy,” JPost.com.staff, December 1, 2010
“Time Magazine: The Scientist Who Was Attacked in Teheran—the Most Senior in the Nuclear Iranian Plan,” Anshil Pepper, Haaretz, December 3, 2010 (H)
“Iran Blames Israel for Killing Its Defense Minister,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, January 2, 2011 (H)
Thomas, Gordon, Gideon’s Spies (New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2009), p. 478
“Report: The Mossad Killed an Iranian Nuclear Scientist,” Jerry Lewis, Orly Azulay, Itamar Eichner, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 4, 2007 (H)
“Nuclear Sting,” Eldad Beck, Yaniv Halili, Yedioth Ahronoth, August 26, 2008 (H)
“The Enigma of the Chemical Iranian Cargo,” Menachem Ganz, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 25, 2008 (H)
“They Sold Them Faulty Equipment,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, July 13, 2007 (H)
“Did the Mossad Fail?” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, November 25, 2008 (H)
“Straw Companies or the Mossad—How We Screwed Iran,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, November 28, 2008 (H)
“Iran Hanged a Mossad Agent (Ali Ashtari),” “Inyan Merkazi,” news room, November 22, 2008 (H)
THE RUSSIAN AID TO IRAN
“Nuclear Aid by Russians to Iranians Suspected,” New York Times, October 10, 2008
“The Russian Handicap to U.S.-Iran Policy,” Ariel Cohen, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, vol. 8, no. 28, April 22, 2009
Statement by Director, DCI Non-Proliferation Center, John Lauder, on Russian Proliferation to Iran’s Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missile Programs, to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, as Prepared for Delivery on October 5, 2000, Documents Home Page, CIA Released Documents, faqs.org
The Collapse of the Russian Scientists and Rogue States, T. P. Gerber, 2005, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
“Russia-Iran Nuclear Deal Signed,” BBC News, February 27, 2005
“Arctic Sea Was Carrying Illegal Arms Says General,” Shaun Walker, Independent, July 24, 2009
“Was Russia’s Arctic Sea Carrying Missiles to Iran?” Simon Schuster, Time, August 31, 2009
“Report: Netanyahu Transferred to the Kremlin a List of Scientists Who Assist Iran,” Zach Yoked, Maariv, October 4, 2009 (H)
ISRAEL–UNITED STATES—COLLABORATION AND DISPUTE
“U.S. Rejected Aid for Israeli Raid on Iranian Nuclear Site,” David Sanger, New York Times, January 10, 2009
“An Israeli Preventive Attack on Iran’s Nuclear Sites: Implications for the U.S.,” James Phillips, Heritage Foundation, Heritage.org, January 15, 2010
“Facing Iran: Lessons Learned Since Iraq’s 1991 Missile Attack on Israel,” Moshe Arens, The Jerusalem Center for Public and State Matters, March 8, 2010
Segev, Shmuel, The Iranian Triangle, the Secret Relationship Between Israel, Iran, and USA, Maariv, 1981 (H)
STUXNET AND ESPIONAGE
“Computer Virus in Iran Actually Targeted Larger Nuclear Facility,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, September 28, 2010 (H)
“The Meaning of Stuxnet,” Economist, October 2, 2010
“Israel May or May Not Have Been Behind the Stuxnet ‘Worm’ Attack on Iran—and It Doesn’t Matter Whether It Was,” Yossi Melman, Tablet, October 5, 2010
“Iran Executes 2 Men, Saying One Was Spy for Israel,” William Yong, New York Times, December 28, 2010
“Iranian Citizen Hanged for Spying for Israel,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, December 29, 2010 (H)
“Iran: ‘We Hanged an Israeli Spy’—Ali Akbar Siadat Was Hanged for Spying for Israel, Which Paid Him US$60,000,” Smadar Perry, Yedioth Ahronoth, December 29, 2010 (H)
“Tehran Demands UN Intervention, Accuses Israel of Killing Its Minister of Defense (Ali Riza Askari),” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, January 2, 2011(H)
“Iran to the UN: Find Out What Happened to the Missing General,” YNET, December 31, 2010 (H)
“Outgoing Mossad Head Delivers Farewell Words,” Jpost.com.staff, Jerusalem Post, January 7, 2011
“Netanyahu Bids Farewell to Mossad Chief,” Gil Ronen, Arutz Sheva, Israel National News.com, March 1, 2011 (H)
“Iran Threat Is Too Much for the Mossad to Handle: Israel’s Intelligence Agencies Operate Brilliantly but They Can’t Tackle Historic Challenges Singlehandedly,” Ari Shavit, Haaretz.com, February 18, 2010 (H)
“The Superman of the Hebrew State,” Ashraf Abu Al-Houl, El-Aharam, January 16, 2010
CHAPTER 3: A HANGING IN BAGHDAD
Eshed, Hagai, One-Man Mossad, Reuven Shiloach: Father of the Israeli Intelligence (Tel Aviv: Idanim, 1988) (H)
Teveth, Shabtai, Ben-Gurion’s Spy, The Story of the Political Scandal that Shaped Modern Israel (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990)
Strasman, Gavriel, Back from the Gallows (Tel Aviv: Yedioth Ahronoth Books, 1992) (H)
Bar-Zohar, Michael, Spies in the Promised Land (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972)
Interviews with Shlomo Hillel, Yehuda Taggar, Mordechai Ben-Porat
CHAPTER 4: A SOVIET MOLE AND A BODY AT SEA
THE AVNI AFFAIR
Avni, Ze’ev, False Flag: The Soviet Spy Who Penetrated the Israeli Secret Intelligence Service (London: St. Ermin’s Press, 2000)
Censored and unpublished chapter about Ze’ev Avni, prepared for Michael Bar-Zohar’s book Spies in the Promised Land, as told by Isser Harel
Interviews of Ze’ev Avni, former ramsad Isser Harel, former head of the Shabak Amos Manor, members of the Mossad and Shabak (anonymously)
A BODY AT SEA
Censored and unpublished chapter about Alexander Israel, “The Traitor,” prepared for Michael Bar-Zohar’s book Spies in the Promised Land
Interviews with Isser Harel, Amos Manor, Rafi Eitan, Raphi Medan, Alexander Israel’s family members and friends (anonymously)
Michael Bar-Zohar, “The First Kidnapping by the Mossad,” Anashim (People Magazine), 19–15, April 1997 (no. 14) (H)
CHAPTER 5: “OH, THAT? IT’S KHRUSHCHEV’S SPEECH . . .”
Interviews with Victor Grayevski, Amos Manor, Isser Harel, Yaacov Caroz
Khrushchev, Nikita, The Secret Speech—on the Cult of Personality, Fordham University, Modern History Sourcebook
“The Day Khrushchev Denounced Stalin,” John Rettie, BBC, February 18, 2006
“Khrushchev’s War with Stalin’s Ghost,” William Henry Chamberlin, Russian Review, vol. 21, no. 1, 1962
“Dreams into Lightning: Victor Grayevski,” Michael Ledeen, asher813typepad.com/
dreams_into_lightning/2007/11/victor-grayevski.html, November 5, 2007
“The Man Who Began the End of the Soviet Empire,” Abraham Rabinovich, Australian, October 27, 2007
Victor Grayevski, Telegraph.co.uk, November 1, 2007
“The Secret About Khrushchev’s Speech,” Tom Perfit, Guardian, as quoted in Harretz, February 27, 2006 (H)
Shimron, Gad, The Mossad and The Myth (Jerusalem: Keter, 2002) (H)
“There Is a Speech of Khrushchev from the Congress,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, March 10, 2006 (H)
“Our Man in the KGB,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, September 22, 2006 (H)
Total change (turnabout) in broadcasting with the entrance of Victor Grayevski, Kol Israel, (H), www.iba.org.il/ kolisrael70
CHAPTER 6: “BRING EICHMANN DEAD OR ALIVE!”
Chapters based on interviews and papers of Isser Harel that were censored and not included in Michael Bar-Zohar’s book Spies in the Promised Land but released in Yedioth Ahronoth in 1970, and in Michael Bar-Zohar’s book Day of Reckoning (Tepper, 1991) (H)
Harel, Isser, The House on Garibaldi Street (Maariv, 1975) (H)
Bascomb, Neal, Hunting Eichmann (Tel Aviv: Miskal Books, Yedioth Ahronoth, 2010) (H)
Malkin, Peter Z., Eichmann in My Hands (Tel Aviv: Revivim, 1983) (H)
“Myth in Operation, the Capture of Adolf Eichmann,” Avner Avrahami, Haaretz, May 7, 2010 (H)
“The Man with the Syringe,” Dr. Yona Elian, Etty Abramov, Yedioth Ahronoth, May 13, 2010 (H)
“The Age and the Trick (Rafi Eitan),” Yael Gvirtz, Yedioth Ahronoth, March 31, 2006 (H)
“Zvi Malkin: The Man Who Captured Eichmann,” Eli Tavor, Yedioth Ahronoth, March 15, 1989 (H)
“Fifty Years After Adolf Eichmann’s Capture and Transfer to Israel, His Abductors Dispel Some Myths About the Operation and Tell How They Felt When the Top Nazi Was in Their Hands,” Avner Avrahami, Haaretz, May 8, 2010 (H)
“Yehudith Nessyahu Is Dina Ron, the Woman Who Kidnapped Eichmann,” Uri Blau, Haaretz, September 19, 2008 (H)
The operation to capture Adolf Eichmann—Official publication of the Shabak and the Mossad, 1960 (H)
“Peter Zvi Malkin, Israeli Agent Who Captured Adolf Eichmann, Dies,” Margalit Fox, New York Times, March 3, 2005
“Mother, I Captured Eichmann,” Michal Daniel, YNET, May 27, 2003 (H)
“A Prickly Souvenir,” Etty Abramov, Yedioth Ahronoth, June 24, 2011(H)
CHAPTER 7: “WHERE IS YOSSELE?”
Harel, Isser, Operation Yossele (Tel Aviv: Idanim, 1983) (H)
Interviews with Isser Harel, Ya’acov Caroz, Amos Manor
“The Convert from Neturei Karta,” Yair Etinger, Haaretz, July 9, 2010 (H)
“For Them, He Remained Yossele: 45 Years After the Operation, the Fighters Did Not Forget Those Days,” Eyal Levi, Maariv NRG, October 18, 2005 (H)
CHAPTER 8: A NAZI HERO AT THE SERVICE OF THE MOSSAD
Interviews with Haim Israeli, Rafi Eitan, Raphi Medan, Isser Harel, Meir Amit, Amos Manor, Wernher von Braun
Trial of Otto Skorzeny and others, General Military Government Court of the US Zone of Germany, August 18–September 9, 1947, a British intelligence file
“The Liquidation of a German Scientist in the ’60s,” Shlomo Nakdimon, Moshe Ronen, Yedioth Ahronoth, January 13, 2010 (H)
Harel, Isser, The German Scientists Affair 1962–1963 (Tel Aviv: Maariv, 1982) (H)
Bar-Zohar, Michel, La Chasse aux Savants Allemands (Paris: Fayard, 1965)
Bar-Zohar, Michael, Shimon Peres: The Biography (New York: Random House, 2007)
CHAPTER 9: OUR MAN IN DAMASCUS
Interviews with Elie Cohen’s family; brothers and wife; Jacques Mercier
Segev, Shmuel, Alone in Damascus: The Life and Death of Eli Cohen (Jerusalem: Keter, 1986) (H)
“Eli Cohen,” a series of articles by Michael Bar-Zohar, Haaretz, September 1967 (H)
“The Daughter of the Spy Eli Cohen Opens Up All Her Wounds,” Jacky Hugi, Maariv, October 14, 2008 (H)
CHAPTER 10: “I WANT A MIG-21!”
Interviews with Meir Amit, Ezer Weizman
Amit, Meir, Head to Head, Maariv (Or Yehuda, Hed-Arzi, 1999) (H)
Nakdimon, Shlomo, The Hope that Collapsed: The Israeli–Kurdish Connection 1963–1975 (Tel Aviv: Miskal, 1966) (H)
The Jewel in the Crown, Yael Bar, Lior Estline, Israel Air-Force Internet site (H)
“Broken Wings,” Sara Leibovitz-Dar, NRG, Maariv, June 2, 2007 (H)
CHAPTER 11: THOSE WHO’LL NEVER FORGET
Interviews with “Anton Kunzle,” Menahem Barabash
“Kunzle, Anton” and Shimron Gad, The Death of the Butcher of Riga (Jerusalem: Keter, 1997) (H)
Bar-Zohar Michel, Les Vengeurs (Paris: Fayard, 1968)
“Menahem Barabash, a Former Lehi Member and One of the Killers of the Butcher of Riga: An Obituary,” Uri Dromi, Haaretz, October 18, 2006 (H)
“Still from the Same Village,” Mika Adler, Israel Today, April 16, 2010 (H)
“Critical Mishap in Paraguay,” Aviva Lori, Yossi Melman, Haaretz, August 19, 2005 (H)
“The Butcher of Riga Was Kidnapped and Found Dead,” news service, Yedioth Ahronoth, March 7, 1965 (H)
“A Quick Trial for the Murderers of Cukurs,” John Alison, Yedioth Ahronoth, March 8, 1965 (H)
“When a Hangman Is Offering You His Gun,” Amos Nevo, Yedioth Ahronoth, July 25, 1997 (H)
“Grandfather Killed a Nazi,” Gad Shimron, Bamachane, February 25, 2005 (H)
CHAPTER 12: THE QUEST FOR THE RED PRINCE
Bar-Zohar, Michael, and Eitan Haber, Massacre in Munich (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2005), an updated edition of The Quest for the Red Prince (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983)
Dittel, Wilhelm, Mossad Agent: Operation Red Prince (Bitan, 1997) (H)
Tinnin, David B., with Dag Christensen, Hit Team (Jerusalem: Edan Books 1977) (H)
Klein, Aharon, Open Account: Israel’s Killing Policy After the Massacre of the Athletes in Munich (Tel Aviv: Yedioth Ahronoth Books, 2006) (H)
Black, Ian, Israel’s Secrets Wars: A History of Israel’s Intelligence Services (New York: Warner Books, 1991)
Landau, Eli, Uri Dan, and Dennis Eisenberg, The Mossad (New York: New American Library, 1977)
Payne, Ronald, Mossad: Israel’s Most Secret Service (London: Corgi Books, 1991)
“Mike Harari: A Private Citizen or an Israeli Secret Agent?” Nahum Barnea, Yedioth Ahronoth, December 13, 1989 (H)
“The Spy Who Loved Me: The Husband of Sylvia Rafael . . . ,” Zadok Yechezkeli, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 25, 2005 (H)
The Head of the Mossad watched the killing of a terrorist leader in Paris, Washington correspondent, Yedioth Ahronoth, July 23, 1976 (H)
“Avner’s Liquidation Squad Avenged the Killing of the Athletes in Munich,” Yochanan Lahav, Yedioth Ahronoth, April 29, 1984 (H)
“Revenge Now,” Eitan Haber, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 3, 2005 (H)
“The Planner of the Munich Massacre: ‘I Do Not Regret It,’ ” YNET, March 17, 2006 (H)
“Death of Muhamad Uda, One of the Planners of the Munich Massacre,” wire services, Haaretz, July 3, 2010 (H)
CHAPTER 13: THE SYRIAN VIRGINS
Interviews with Avraham (Zabu) Ben-Zeev, Emanuel Allon, Amnon Gonen, others (anonymously)
“Our Forces in the Heart of Damascus,” Gadi Sukenik, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 17, 2005 (H)
CHAPTER 14: “TODAY WE’LL BE AT WAR!”
Bar-Joseph, Uri, The Angel, Ashraf Marwan, The Mossad and the Yom Kippur War (Or Yehuda, Kinneret-Zmora-Bitan–Dvir, 2010) (H)
Bregman, Aharon, Israel’s Wars 1947–1993 (London: Routledge, 2000)
Bregman, Aharon, A History of Israel (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002)
Shalev, Arie, Defeat and Success in Warning: The Intelligence Assessment Before the Yom Kippur War, Maarachot, Ministry of Defense Publications, 2006 (H)
Bar-Joseph, Uri, The Watchman Who Fell Asleep: The Yom Kippur Surprise (Zmora-Bitan, Or Yehuda, 2001) (H)
Haber, Eitan, Today We’ll Be at War! (Tel Aviv: Yedioth Ahronoth, 1987) (H)
Zeira, Eli, Myth Against Reality: The Yom Kippur War (Tel Aviv: Yedioth Ahronoth, 1993, new edition 2004) (H)
Landau, Eli, Eli Tavor, Hezi Carmel, Eitan Haber, Yeshayahu Ben-Porat, Jonathan Gefen, and Uri Dan, The Mishap, Special edition, Tel-Aviv 1973 (H)
“Meeting the Mossad—Ira Rosen Meets the Former Head of One of the World’s Top Spy Agencies,” CBS, 60 Minutes, May 12, 2009
“Dead ‘Mossad Spy’ Was Writing Exposé,” Uzi Mahanaymi, Sunday Times, June 1, 2007
“Who Killed Ashraf Marwan,” Howard Blum, New York Times, July 13, 2007
“Was the Perfect Spy a Double Agent?” CBS, 60 Minutes, May 10, 2009
“Thirty Years after the Yom Kippur War, Top Secret Is Exposed by Israeli Historian Aharon Bregman,” Yossi Melman, August 19, 2003 www.freedomwriter.com/issue 28
“One Dead Israeli Spy, Two Theories of Double Loyalty, Three Explanations of How He Died, Four Suspects: Too Many Unanswered Questions,” Huffington Post, Haggai Carmon, July 14, 2010
“Revealing the Source,” Abraham Rabinovich, Jerusalem Post, May 7, 2007
“Billionaire Spy Death Remains a Mystery,” Andrew Hosken, BBC Today, July 15, 2010 (about his connections with the British and Italian secret services)
“Elite Detectives Called in to Probe Spy’s Fatal Fall,” Rajeev Syal, New Zealand Herald, October 6, 2008
“Inquest: Egyptian Spy Suspect’s Death Unexplained,” New York Times, Associated Press, July 14, 2010
“Who Caused the Death of the Spy?” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, May 28, 2010 (H)
“Shabak Investigation: Did Eli Zeira Reveal State Secrets,” Efrat Weiss, YNET, July 17, 2008 (H)
“The Nightingale’s Song,” Moshe Gorali, Maariv, June 13, 2007 (H)
“Low Probability: How a Legend Was Born,” Eli Zeira, Yedioth Ahronoth, December 11, 2009 (H)
“They Tricked Us,” Ron Ben Ishai, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 29, 1998 (H)
“Zamir: Zeira Should Take His Words Back or Publish the Recording,” Amir Rappaport, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 2, 1998 (H)
“In Modest Manner You Carried Out Hard and Daring Operations: Prime Minister to Zvi Zamir on His Retirement,” Eitan Haber, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 2, 1974 (H)
“Indictment Will Be Issued in Rome Against Former Head of the Mossad Zvi Zamir,” Yossi Bar, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 26, 1989 (H)
“12 Days Before Yom Kippur Golda Got Personal Information: Egypt and Syria Are Planning War,” Shlomo Nakdimon, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 8, 1989 (H)
“Former Italian Head of Intelligence: There Is No Proof that the Mossad Blew Up the Aircraft,” Yossi Bar, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 15, 1989 (H)
“Former Head of the Mossad Was Tried and Acquitted in Italy,” Yossi Bar, Yedioth Ahronoth, December 19, 1999 (H)
“Transcript of the Conversation Between Eli Zeira and Zvi Zamir,” Rami Tal, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 23, 1998 (H)
“Aman Was Mistaken in Evaluating the Enemy’s Intentions, and I Am Responsible,” Eli Zeira, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 24, 2003 (H)
“The Mossad Alert About the Imminent Eruption of War Did Not Get to the Chief of Staff,” Zvi Zamir, Yedioth Ahronoth, November 24, 1989 (H)
“Deep Throat Denies,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, January 16, 2003 (H)
“This Is Not the Same State (Zvi Zamir),” Etty Abramov, Yedioth Ahronoth, March 29, 2007 (H)
“Suspicion: The Spy Was Thrown from His Apartment’s Balcony,” Modi Kreitman and Smadar Perry, Yedioth Ahronoth, June 28, 2007 (H)
“The Betrayed,” Nadav Ze’evi, Maariv, December 28, 2007 (H)
“What Do We Know About the Mysterious Death of Dr. Ashraf Marwan, the Agent Who Warned Us,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, May 28, 2010 (H)
“Egyptian Double Agent in the Mossad (Excerpts from Aharon Bregman’s Book),” Rami Tal, Yedioth Ahronoth, May 9, 2000 (H)
“How a Relative of Nasser Deceived Israel,” Aharon Bregman, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 15, 2002 (H)
CHAPTER 15: A HONEY TRAP FOR THE ATOM SPY
“Vanunu Leaked Information ‘to Prevent a Second Holocaust,’ ” Nana News, April 30, 2004 (H)
“About the Protocols of the Vanunu Trial,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, November 25, 1999 (H)
“The Story of Vanunu’s Capture Is Published This Morning in Israel,” Yedioth Ahronoth, March 24, 1995 (H)
“The Life and Times of Cindy, the Mossad Agent Who Tempted Vanunu,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, April 7, 1997 (H)
“From Australia to the Temptation by Cindy: How Vanunu Was Kidnapped,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, April 21, 2004 (H)
“Friends Speak About Cindy,” Zadok Yechezkeli, Yedioth Ahronoth, April 8, 1997 (H)
“Machanaymi: She Slammed the Phone on Me Three Times,” Naomi Levitzky, Yedioth Ahronoth, April 27, 1997 (H)
“The Italian Government Will Continue Investigating the Vanunu Kidnapping,” Yochanan Lahav, Yossi Bar, and Roni Shaked, Yedioth Ahronoth, January 11, 1987 (H)
“I Was Hijacked in Rome—Wrote Vanunu on His Palm,” Zadok Yechezkeli and Gad Lior, Yedioth Ahronoth, December 23, 1986 (H)
“Vanunu Was Not the First to Fall in the Trap . . . The Tempting Girls,” Ohad Sharav, Yedioth Ahronoth, November 17, 1986 (H)
“The Girl Who Tempted Vanunu Is Cheryl Ben-Tov from Nataniya,” Yohanan Lahav, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 21, 1988 (H)
“The Girl Who Tempted Vanunu Lives 18 Years Under His Shadow: Cindy Is Afraid,” Anat Tal-Shir and Zadok Yechezkeli, Yedioth Ahronoth, April 20, 2004 (H)
“The Sunday Times: These Are the Atom Secrets of Israel. Under a Neglected Storeroom, 35 Meters Underground, Atom Bombs Are Being Built,” Yedioth Ahronoth, October 6, 1986 (H)
“He Did It Again,” Ron Ben-Ishai, Yedioth Ahronoth, November 25, 1999 (H)
“That Is How I Photographed the Nuclear Reactor (Second Part of the Interview to the Sunday Times),” Modi Kreitman, Yedioth Ahronoth, June 6, 2004 (H)
“Mordechai Vanunu: ‘There Is No Democracy in Israel,’ ” Gad Lior, Yedioth Ahronoth, June 6, 2004 (H)
“ ‘And Then Entered the Blond Guy Who Kicked and Beat Me.’ Vanunu Testifies About His Kidnapping in Court,” Michal Goldberg, Yedioth Ahronoth, November 24, 1999 (H)
“Cindy from the Vanunu Affair Is Selling Apartments in Florida,” Sunday Times, as quoted in Yedioth Ahronoth, April 20, 2004 (H)
“Missing Cindy,” Shosh Mula and Wata Awissat, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 1, 2006 (H)
“Mordechai Vanunu: That’s How I Was Kidnapped,” Shlomo Nakdimon and Tova Zimuki, Yedioth Ahronoth, January 24, 1997 (H)
“I Told Vanunu: Beware of Cindy,” Michal Goldberg, Yedioth Ahronoth, November 24, 1999 (H)
CHAPTER 16: SADDAM’S SUPERGUN
THE RISE AND FALL OF GERALD BULL
“Project Babylon: Gerald Bull’s Downfall,” Anthony Kendall, www.DamnInteresting, February 16, 2007
“The Man Behind Iraq’s Supergun,” Kevin Toolis, New York Times, August 26, 1990
“The Paris Guns of World War One,” Christopher Eger, Military History @ Suite 101, July 23, 2006
“Shades of Supergun Evoke Hussein’s Thirst for Arms,” James Glanz, New York Times, September 10, 2006
“Murdered by the Mossad,” Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, February 2, 1991
“Who Killed Gerald Bull,” Barbara Frum, (Video) Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, http://archives.cbc.ca, April 5, 1990
THE KILLINGS OF WADIA HADDAD AND FATHI SHAQAQI
“Poisoned Mossad Chocolate Killed PFLP Leader in 1977, Says Book,” Middle East Times, May 5, 2006
“Interview with a Fanatic,” Lara Marlowe, Time, February 6, 1995
“Mossad’s License to Kill,” Gordon Thomas, Telegraph, February 17, 2010
“Islamic Jihad Betrayed by Mossad’s Spy,” Patrick Cockburn, Independent, March 21, 1996
Cordesman, Anthony H., Escalating to Nowhere: The Israeli-Palestinian War—The Palestinian Factions That Challenge Peace and the Palestinian Authority, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C., April 3, 2005
“Arafat’s Murder Was Foiled by Malta Killing,” Patrick Cockburn and Safa Haeri, Independent, December 7, 1995
“Der Spiegel: That’s How Shaqaqi Was Killed,” Tomer Sharon, Yedioth Ahronoth, November 5, 1995 (H)
“The Mossad Liquidated the Leader of the Jihad,” Smadar Perry, Roni Shaked, and David Regev, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 29, 1995 (H)
“Five Bullets in the Head, from Zero Range in a Crowded Street,” Yossi Bar and Smadar Perry, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 29, 1995 (H)
“A Search for a Frenchman Who Brought the Motorcycle,” Alex Fishman and Yossi Bar, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 31, 1995 (H)
“The Head of the Mossad Supervised the Operation from a Boat Near Malta,” Israel Tomer, Yedioth Ahronoth, November 5, 1995 (H)
“The Assassination in Malta: The Professional Skills of the Agents vis-à-vis the Negligence of Shaqaqi. No Bullets Were Found at the Killing Location. The Motorcycle Was Brought Especially to the Island,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, October 30, 1995 (H)
“Sometimes a Small Organization Cannot Recover,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, October 30, 1995 (H)
“With a Gun, Explosive, Poison, Without Asking Questions,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, March 17, 1998 (H)
“Der Spiegel: Rabin Ordered the Killing of Shaqaqi,” Akiva Eldar, Haaretz, November 5, 1995 (H)
“5 Shots in Malta,” Yitzhak Letz, Globes, April 15, 2001 (H)
“Despite the Iranian Financing, the Islamic Jihad Is Falling Apart Since the Murder of Shaqaqi,” Guy Bechor, Haaretz, October 14, 1996
CHAPTER 17: FIASCO IN AMMAN
Yatom, Danny, Secret Sharer: From Sayeret Matkal to the Mossad (Tel Aviv: Yedioth Ahronoth, 2009) (H)
“Back to the Scene of the Crime,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, September 26, 2007 (10th anniversary of the fiasco) (H)
“The Mossad Affair (Mash’al): A Full Recapture of the Events,” Anat Tal-Shir; “Netanyahu Will Bury the Head of the Mossad Slowly but Sophisticatedly,” Nahum Barnea; “Breaking News: The Jordanians Threatened to Break into the Embassy in Amman. Israel Was Forced to Hand the Secret Formula of the Chemical Weapon,” Shimon Shiffer; “Hussein Demands That the Mossad Fire All the People Involved in the Affair, or No Israeli Intelligence Agents Will Be Allowed into Jordan,” Smadar Perry; “Due to Previous Successes, the Mossad Developed the Notion That Such an Operation Is Foolproof,” Ron Ben-Ishai; “Danny Yatom Was Left Alone; Now Everybody Is Turning Their Backs on Him,” Ariela Ringel Hoffman and Guy Leshem; “The Rivalry Between the Intelligence Agencies Is Oozing to the Lower Levels; Senior Security Official: ‘If It Doesn’t Stop Immediately We’ll Pay Dearly,’ ” Alex Fishman—Yedioth Ahronoth, special edition, October 10, 1997 (H)
CHAPTER 18: FROM NORTH KOREA WITH LOVE
September 6, 2007, airstrike, Globalsecurity.org, October 29, 2007
“The Attack on Syria’s Al-Kibar Nuclear Facility,” Daveed Gartenstein-Ross and Joshua D. Goodman, Spring 2009, http://www.jewishpolicycenter.org
“Israel Struck Syrian Nuclear Project, Analysts Say,” David E. Sanger and Mark Mazzetti, New York Times, October 14, 2007
“Report: Iran Financed Syrian Nuke Plans—Tip from Defector Said to Lead to Israeli Strike on Suspected Reactor in ’07,” Associated Press, March 19, 2009
“Former Iranian Defense Official Talks to Western Intelligence,” Daphna Linzer, Washington Post, March 8, 2007
“Israelis Blew Apart Syrian Cache,” Uzi Mahanaymi, Sarah Baxter, and Michael Sheridan, Sunday Times, September 16, 2007
“Snatched: Israeli Commandos Nuclear Raid,” Uzi Mahanaymi, Sarah Baxter, and Michael Sheridan, Sunday Times, September 23, 2007
“How Israel Destroyed Syria’s Al-Kibar Nuclear Reactor,” Erich Follath and Holger Stark, Spiegel.de, February 11, 2009
Background Briefing with Senior U.S. Intelligence Officials on Syria’s Covert Nuclear Reactor and North Korea’s Involvement, Council of Foreign Relations, www.cfr.org, April 24, 2008
“The Mossad Planned to Sink a Syrian Freighter with Missiles from Korea: A Chapter from the Book The Volunteer: A Biography of a Mossad Agent,” Michael Ross and Jonathan Kay, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 12, 2007 (H)
“Report: Syria and North Korea Are Building Together a Nuclear Site,” Yitzhak Ben-Horin, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 13, 2007 (H)
“That Is How a Syrian Nuclear Project Grew Under Our Nose,” Amir Rappaport, Maariv, November 2, 2007 (H)
“The Syrian Nuclear Reactor Was Attacked Weeks Before It Became Operative,” Yitzhak Ben-Horin, Yedioth Ahronoth, April 24, 2008 (H)
“Report: A Commando Unit Landed in Syria a Month Before the Nuclear Reactor Was Bombed,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, March 19, 2009 (H)
“Report: An Iraqi Defector Uncovered the Syrian Nuclear Reactor—Reveals a Swiss Newspaper,” Amit Valdman, News 2, Mako, March 19, 2009 (H)
“Bush: The Revelations About the Bombing of the Nuclear Reactor in Syria: A Message to Tehran,” Haaretz, April 29, 2008 (H)
“Exclusive: YNET’s Envoy at the Operation Site in Syria,” Ron Ben-Ishai, YNET, September 26, 2007 (H)
“The Syrian Nuclear Plan,” Tzava Ubitachon, Dr. Yochai Sela, The Mideast Forum, September 15, 2007 (H)
“North Korea Assists the Syrians in the Nuclear Field,” Walla, based on the Washington Post, September 13, 2007 (H)
“Sayeret Matkal Operated in Syria Prior to the Attack,” Yedioth Ahronoth, September 23, 2007 (H)
“North Korean Scientists May Have Been Killed in Syria,” Yaniv Halili, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 18, 2007 (H)
“That Is How the ‘Agriculture Compound’ Was Bombed,” Gad Shimron, Maariv, September 16, 2007 (H)
“Aman Chief: Israel Recovered Its Deterrence Capacity,” Yuval Azulay and Barak Ravid, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 17, 2007 (H)
“North Korea for the Sake of Assad,” Smadar Perry and Orly Azulay, Yedioth Ahronoth, September 23, 2007 (H)
“Sayeret Matkal Collected Nuclear Samples in Syria,” Yedioth Ahronoth, September 23, 2007 (H)
“Israel Had an Agent in the Syrian Nuclear Reactor,” Orly Azulay, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 21, 2007 (H)
“Who Is Assisting Damascus in Upgrading Its Falling Nuclear Program?” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, September 16, 2007 (H)
“Israel Made the U.S. Understand,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, April 27, 2008 (H)
“Report: Enriched Uranium in the Nuclear Site That Israel Bombed,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, November 11, 2008 (H)
“Report: Israel Had a Mole in the Syrian Reactor,” YNET, October 20, 2007 (H)
Report: The Compound Which Was Bombed in Syria Was the Building Site of a Nuclear Reactor. The New York Times: The Reactor Was Not in an Advanced Stage and Was Being Built According to a North Korean Design, October 14, 2007
ABC: Israel Sent an Agent to the Syrian Reactor, or Recruited One of Its Workers, October 21, 2007
“Satellite Pictures Show: The Syrian Compound Which Was Bombed Had Been Built Six Years Ago,” William Broad and Mark Mazzetti, New York Times as quoted in Haaretz, October 28, 2007 (H)
“Iran Financed the Building of the Nuclear Reactor That Was Bombed in Syria,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, March 20, 2009 (H)
“The Iranian Officer Who Defected to the U.S. Caused the Attack on the Syrian Reactor,” News 10, news.nana10.co.il, March 19, 2009 (H)
“Report: The Iranian General Emigrated to the U.S.,” Yoni Mendel, Walla, http://news.walla.co.il, February 6, 2007 (H)
“Sayeret Matkal Brought Earth Samples and Bush Authorized the Bombing in the North of Syria,” Inyan Merkazi, News-israel.net, May 10, 2010 (H)
“Report: A Commando Unit Landed in Syria a Month Before the Reactor Was Bombed,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, March 19, 2009 (H)
“Iran to Assad: We’ll Assist as Much as Needed,” Yoav Stern, Haaretz, September 7, 2007 (H)
“The Airplanes Incident: Embarrassed Damascus,” Guy Bechor, Gplanet.co.il, September 15, 2007 (H)
“Between the Lines,” Prof. Eyal Zisser, news.nana10. co.il, November 15, 2010 (H)
“Bush: Olmert Asked Me to Bomb the Syrian Reactor,” NRG News, November 6, 2010 (H)
“The Attack on the Reactor: That’s How It Happened,” Eli Brandstein, Maariv, November 8, 2010 (H)
“Who’s Afraid of Syria,” Ben Caspit, NRG Maariv, November 7, 2010 (H)
George W. Bush, Decision Points (New York: Crown, 2010)
THE DEATH OF GENERAL SULEIMAN
“Syrian General’s Killing Severs Hezbollah Links,” Nicholas Blandford and James Hider, TimesOnline.com, August 6, 2008
“General Muhammad Suleiman Buried in Syria,” cafe-syria.com/syrianews/2706.aspx, August 10, 2008
“Mystery Shrouds Assassination of Syria’s Top Security Adviser,” Manal Lutfi and Nazer Majli, Asharq El-Awsat, August 5, 2008
“Slain Syrian Aide Supplied Missiles to Hezbollah,” Uzi Mahanaymi, Sunday Times, August 10, 2008
“Meir Dagan: The Mastermind Behind Mossad’s Secret War,” Uzi Mahanaymi, Sunday Times, February 21, 2010
“The Mystery Behind a Syrian Murder,” Nicholas Blanford, Time, August 7, 2008
“There Was Total Silence,” Lilit Wanger, Yedioth Ahronoth, June 7, 2010 (H)
“Commendation of the Long Arm,” Yossi Yehoshua, Yedioth Ahronoth, June 22, 2010 (H) (Sunday Times: “The Naval Commando Liquidated Muhammad Suleiman Two Years Ago”)
“The End of the Secret Adviser of the Syrian President,” Jacky Huggi, Maariv, August 4, 2008 (H)
“The Hezbollah Member Who Was Liquidated Was Nicknamed in Israel ‘the Syrian Mughniyeh,’ ” Barak Rabin and Yoav Stern, Haaretz, August 4, 2008 (H)
“Death of the North Korean Builder and Security Officer of the Syrian Reactor,” Debka Internet site, August 9, 2008 (H)
“Wikileaks: Syria Believes Israel Killed Top Assad Aide,” Lahav Harkov, Jerusalem Post, December 24, 2010
“Former CIA Director: The Secrecy Around the Attack on the Syrian Reactor Is Unjustified,” Amir Oren, Haaretz, July 9, 2010 (H)
CHAPTER 19: LOVE AND DEATH IN THE AFTERNOON
“Profile: Imad Mughniyeh,” Ian Black, Guardian, February 13, 2008
“US Official: World ‘Better Place’ with Death of Hezbollah Figure,” Associated Press, February 13, 2008
“Mossad Most Wanted: A Deadly Vengeance (Imad Mughniyeh),” Gordon Thomas, Independent, February 23, 2010
“Commentary: A Clear Message to Nasrallah and the Hezbollah,” Amir Oren, Haaretz, February 13, 2010 (H)
Hezbollah’s report about the liquidation of Mughniyeh, Debka file, February 28, 2008 (H)
“From Argentina to Saudi Arabia, Everybody Was Looking for Mughniyeh,” Yedioth Ahronoth, February 13, 2008 (H)
“Syria: The Liquidation of Mughniyeh Is a Terrorist Act,” Yoav Stern and Yossi Melman, Haaretz, 13.2.2008 (H)
“The Terror Attacks That Put Mughniyeh on the Map,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, February 13, 2008 (H)
“The Retaliation for the Killing of Mughniyeh Is a Question of Time,” Roy Nachmias, Yedioth Ahronoth, June 30, 2008 (H)
“Commentary: He Was Higher on the Wanted List Than Nasrallah,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, February 13, 2008 (H)
“Iran—The Killing of Mughniyeh Is an Example of the Israeli Terror,” Dudi Cohen and Roy Nachmias, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 13, 2008 (H)
CHAPTER 20: THE CAMERAS WERE ROLLING
“Assassins Had Mahmoud al-Mabhouh in Sight as Soon as He Got to Dubai,” Hugh Tomlinson, Times (UK), February 17, 2010
“Mahmoud al-Mabhouh Was Sedated Before Being Suffocated, Dubai Police Say,” Times (UK), March 1, 2010
“Report from the Sunday Times: PM Authorized Mabhouh Killing,” YNET, February 21, 2010
“Inquiry Grows in Dubai Assassinations,” Robert F. Worth, New York Times, February 24, 2010
“Britain’s Prime Minister Ordered the Investigation of the Forged Passports; the Israeli Ambassador Was Summoned for a Clarification,” Barak Ravid and Dana Herman, Haaretz, February 18, 2010 (H)
“The Result Test: Not a Failure, Great Achievement,” Eitan Haber, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 18, 2010 (H)
“The Hit Team Visited Dubai 3 Times,” Smadar Perry, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 19, 2010 (H)
“The Last Liquidation of This Kind; There Will Not Be Many More Like This One,” Yossi Melman, Haaretz, February 19, 2010 (H)
“Netanyahu to the Hit Team: The People of Israel Trust You, Good Luck,” Yedioth Ahronoth, February 21, 2010 (H)
“Gail Is Checking Out (from the Hotel),” Noam Barkan and Benjamin Tubias, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 22, 2010 (H)
“Dubai Exposed 15 More Agents; Ten of Them Have Names of Israeli Citizens,” Haaretz, February 25, 2010 (H)
“The Liquidation in Dubai: 8 Israelis Carrying Forged Passports Will Be Called to Testify by British Investigators,” Modi Kreitman, Zvi Zinger, and Eitan Glickman, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 28, 2010 (H)
“The Israeli Ambassador in Australia Was Summoned for Clarification,” Dana Herman and Barak Ravid, Haaretz, February 25, 2010 (H)
“London Does Not Await the Mossad,” Itamar Eichner, Yedioth Ahronoth, May 4, 2010 (H)
“Australian Intelligence Report: The Mossad Is Responsible for the Forgery,” Yedioth Ahronoth, May 25, 2010 (H)
“Forged Passports: An Israeli Diplomat Was Expelled from Ireland,” Modi Kreitman and Itamar Eichner, Yedioth Ahronoth, June 16, 2010 (H)
“The Killers of the Hamas High Official Are Listed on the ‘Wanted’ List of the Interpol,” Avi Issacharov and Dana Herman, Haaretz, February 19, 2010 (H)
“Did Not Withstand the Temptation—A Foreign Woman Is Suspected to Have Made Him Open the Door,” Smadar Perry and Roni Shaked, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 1, 2010 (H)
“Dubai Presents the Hit Men, That’s How He Was Killed, a Woman Agent at the Door,” Smadar Perry, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 16, 2010 (H)
“ ‘Thank God I Know to Take Precautions,’ Mabhouh in an Interview to Al-Jazeera,” Smadar Perry, Yedioth Ahronoth, February 12, 2010 (H)
“A Dubai Hug—Portrait of Dhahi Khalfan,” Smadar Perry, Yedioth Ahronoth, March 5, 2010 (H)
“Report: Germany Issued a Warrant for the Arrest of a Suspect in Assisting the Attack in Dubai,” Ofer Aderet and Yossi Melman, Haaretz, January 16, 2011 (H)
“The ‘Mossad Agent’ Fined 60,000 Euros in Germany Is Uri Brodsky, Accused of Involvement in the Liquidation of Mabhouh,” Eldad Beck, Yedioth Ahronoth, January 16, 2011 (H)
“The Man Killed—‘A Hamas High Official,’ ” Smadar Perry, wire services, Yedioth Ahronoth, April 7, 2011 (H)
“Dubai Police Allege Assassination Team in Hamas Commander’s Slaying Used Credit Cards Issued by Iowa Bank,” John McGlothlen, News Hawk, Statewide News, February 24, 2010
“Dubai Police Release New Suspects in Hit Squad Killing,” Simon McGregor-Wood, Vic Walter, and Lara Setrakian, ABC News Dubai, February 10, 2010
Payonneer. Com, Elance case study www.payoneer.com/CS.Elance.aspx
“Israel Attacked in Sudan,” Yossi Yehoshua, Yedioth Ahronoth, April 6, 2011 (H)
Israel Attacked in Sudan, Smadar Perry, Yedioth Ahronoth, April 7, 2011 (H)
“Sudan to File a Complaint Against Israel to the UN Over the Air Strike,” Aljazeera.net, April 7, 2011
“Israel Attacked in Sudan to Prevent Arms Smuggling to Gaza,” Nile_tv_international.net, April 20, 2011
CHAPTER 21: FROM THE LAND OF THE QUEEN OF SHEBA
Of the many sources for this chapter, the most helpful has been the book by Shimron, Gad: Bring Me the Jews of Ethiopia, How the Mossad Brought the Ethiopian Jews from Sudan (Or Yehuda: Maariv (Hed Arzi), 1988) (H)
The History of the Ethiopian Jews, Jewish Virtual Library, jewishvirtuallibrary.org
“Israel to Speed Immigration for Jews in Ethiopia,” Greg Myre, New York Times, February 1, 2005
“Distant Relations,” Uriel Heilman, Jerusalem Post, April 8, 2005
Falasha: Exile of the Black Jews of Ethiopia, a documentary film by Simcha Jacobovici, 1983
The Emigration of the Ethiopian Jews, Operation Moses 1984 and Operation Salomon 1991, www.jafi.org.il/ JewishAgency/Hebrew (H)
“Operation Moses,” Ainao Freda Sanbato, Haaretz, March 11, 2006 (H)
“Then I Said in Hebrew: What Are You Doing Here?” David Shalit, Haaretz, May 17, 1996 (the story of Harry Gold) (H)
“The Exodus from Ethiopia,” Tudor Perfit, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 25, 1985 (H)
“Flotilla 13 on the Sudan Shores,” Yedioth Ahronoth, March 15, 1994 (H)
“Flotilla 13 Landed in Sudan,” Arie Kizel, Yedioth Ahronoth, March 18, 1994 (H)
“Last Stop Sudan,” Shahar Geinosar, Yedioth Ahronoth, June 27, 2003 (H)
“First, Bring Some Samples,” Yigal Mosko, Yedioth Ahronoth, October 12, 2001 (H)
“Israel Lover,” Dani Adino Ababa and Zimbabwe (Mengistu Haile Mariam), Yedioth Ahronoth, September 23, 2005 (H)
“Following Me in the Desert,” Smadar Shir, Yedioth Ahronoth, July 17, 2009 (H)
“In the Prairies of Ethiopia,” David Regev, Yedioth Ahronoth, March 19, 2010 (the story of David Ben-Uziel) (H)
“Hamasa L’Eretz Israel—The Journey to the Land of Israel”: lyrics by Haim Idissis, music by Shlomo Gronich
“25 Years to Operation Moses: Interviews with Emanuel Allon, Gadi Kroll, David Ben-Uziel, and Yonathan Shefa,” Nir Dvori, The News, Channel 2, June 15, 2010 (H)
“Operation Solomon—Bring the Ethiopian Jews,” Harel and Eran Duvdevani, sky-high.co.il (H)
GENERAL SOURCES
BOOKS IN HEBREW
Edelist, Ran, The Man Who Rode a Tiger (Zmora-Bitan, 1995)
Bar-Zohar, Michael, ed., 100 Men and Women of Valor (Ministry of Defense Publishing House, 2007)
Golan, Aviezer, and Danny Pinkas, Code Name: The Pearl (Zmora-Bitan-Modan, 1980)
Golan, Aviezer, Operation Susanna (Yedioth Ahronoth, 1990)
Thomas, Gordon, Gideon’s Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad (Or-Am, 2008)
Gilon, Carmi, Shin-Beth Between the Schisms (Tel Aviv: Miskal Yedioth Ahronoth, 2000)
Melman, Yossi, Eitan Haber, The Spies: Israel’s Counter-Espionage Wars (Tel Aviv: Miskal Yedioth Ahronoth, 2002)
Halevi, Ephraim, A Man in the Shadows (Matar, 2006)
Westerby, Gerald, A Mossad Agent in Hostile Territory (Matar, 1988)
Melman, Yossi, ed., Report of the CIA on the Israeli Intelligence Services (Tel Aviv: Zmora-Bitan, 1982)
Amidror, Yaacov, Intelligence from Theory to Practice (Ministry of Defense Publications, 2006)
Fine, Ronald, The Mossad (Or-Am, 1991)
Kimche, David, The Last Option (Miskal Yedioth Ahronoth, 1991)
Sagi, Uri, and Rami Tal, eds., Lights in the Fog (Yedioth Ahronoth, 1998)
Shimron, Gad, The Mossad and the Myth (Jerusalem: Keter, 2002)
BOOKS IN ENGLISH
Posner Steve, Israel Undercover: Secret Warfare and Hidden Diplomacy in the Middle East (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1987)
Raviv, Dan, and Yossi Melman, Every Spy a Prince: The Complete History of the Israeli Intelligence Community (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990)
Landau, Eli, Uri Dan, and Dennis Eisenberg, The Mossad (New York: Paddington Press, 1978)
Bar-Zohar, Michael, Spies in the Promised Land (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972)
BOOKS IN FRENCH
Dan, Uri, Mossad: 50 Ans de guerre secrete (Paris: Presses de la Cite, 1995)
Bar-Zohar, Michel, Les Vengeurs (Paris: Fayard, 1968)
INTERVIEWS
Isser Harel, Yaa’cov Caroz, Izzi Dorot, Yitzhak Shamir, Amos Manor, Meir Amit, Anton Kunzle, Menachem Barabash, Victor Grayevski, Yitzhak Rabin, Ezer Weizman, Haim Israeli, Dr. Pinhas (Siko) Zusman, Uri Lubrani, Wernher von Braun, Rafi Eitan, Raphi Medan,Yitzhak Sarid, Eli Landau, Hanoch Saar, Avraham (Zabu) Ben-Zeev, Emanuel Allon, Amnon Gonen, Elie Cohen’s family, Alexander Israel’s family, Ze’ev Avni, and many others who preferred to remain anonymous.