e

Earthquakes

An earthquake is measured in terms of its magnitude.

image

a About equal to the shock caused by an average man jumping from a table.

b Potentially damaging to structures.

c Potentially capable of general destruction; widespread damage is usually caused above magnitude 6.5.

Here are some examples.

 

Magnitude

Samoa Islands, 2009

8.0

Solomon Islands, 2007

8.1

Banda Sea, Indonesia, 1938

8.5

Chile, 1906

8.5

Kamchatka, 1923

8.5

Kuril Islands, 1963

8.5

Ningxia-Gansu, china, 1920

8.6

Sanriku, Japan, 1933

8.6

India/Assam/Tibet, 1950

8.7

Rat Islands, Alaska

8.7

Northern Sumatra, 2005

8.7

Ecuador, 1906

8.8

chile, 2010

8.8

Kamchatka, 1952

9.0

Northern Sumatra, 2004 (called the Indian Ocean tsunami)

9.0

Honshu, Japan, 2011

9.0

Andreanof Islands, Alaska, 1957

9.1

Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1964

9.2

chile, 1960

9.5

Krakatoa, 1883 (estimate)

9.9

Elements

These are the natural and artificially created chemical elements.

Name

Symbol

Atomic number

Actinium

Ac

89

Aluminium

Al

13

Americium

Am

95

Antimony (Stibium)

Sb

51

Argon

Ar

18

Arsenic

As

33

Astatine

At

85

Barium

Ba

56

Berkelium

Bk

97

Beryllium

Be

4

Bismuth

Bi

83

Bohrium

Bh

107

Boron

B

5

Bromine

Br

35

cadmium

cd

48

caesium

cs

55

calcium

ca

20

californium

cf

98

carbon

c

6

cerium

ce

58

chlorine

cl

17

chromium

cr

24

cobalt

co

27

copper (cuprum)

cu

29

curium

cm

96

Darmstadtium

Ds

110

Dubnium

Db

105

dysprosium

Dy

66

Einsteinium

Es

99

Erbium

Er

68

Europium

Eu

63

Fermium

Fm

100

Fluorine

F

9

Francium

Fr

87

Gadolinium

Gd

64

Gallium

Ga

31

Germanium

Ge

32

Gold (Aurum)

Au

79

Hafnium

Hf

72

Hassium

Hs

108

Helium

He

2

Holmium

Ho

67

Hydrogen

H

1

Indium

In

49

Iodine

I

53

Iridium

Ir

77

Iron (Ferrum)

Fe

26

Krypton

Kr

36

Lanthanum

La

57

Lawrencium

Lr

103

Lead (Plumbum)

Pb

82

Lithium

Li

3

Lutetium

Lu

71

Magnesium

Mg

12

Manganese

Mn

25

Meitnerium

Mt

109

Mendelevium

Md

101

Mercury (Hydrargyrum)

Hg

80

Molybdenum

Mo

42

Neodymium

Nd

60

Neon

Ne

10

Neptunium

Np

93

Nickel

Ni

28

Niobium (columbium)

Nb

41

Nitrogen

N

7

Nobelium

No

102

Osmium

Os

76

Oxygen

O

8

Palladium

Pd

46

Phosphorus

P

15

Platinum

Pt

78

Plutonium

Pu

94

Polonium

Po

84

Potassium (Kalium)

K

19

Praseodymium

Pr

59

Promethium

Pm

61

Protactinium

Pa

91

Radium

Ra

88

Radon

Rn

86

Rhenium

Re

75

Rhodium

Rh

45

Rubidium

Rb

37

Ruthenium

Ru

44

Rutherfordium

Rf

104

Samarium

Sm

62

Scandium

Sc

21

Seaborgium

Sg

106

Selenium

Se

34

Silicon

Si

14

Silver (Argentum)

Ag

47

Sodium (Natrium)

Na

11

Strontium

Sr

38

Sulphur

S

16

Tantalum

Ta

73

Technetium

Tc

43

Tellurium

Te

52

Terbium

Tb

65

Thallium

Tl

81

Thorium

Th

90

Thulium

Tm

69

Tin (Stannum)

Sn

50

Titanium

Ti

22

Tungsten (Wolfram)

W

74

Ununbium

Uub

112

Ununhexium

UUh

116

Ununoctium

Uuo

118

Ununpentium

Uup

115

Ununquadium

Uuq

114

Ununseptium

Uus

117

Ununtrium

Uut

113

Unununium

Uuu

111

Uranium

U

92

vanadium

v

23

xenon

xe

54

Ytterbium

Yb

70

Yttrium

Y

39

zinc

zn

30

zirconium

zr

40