notes

1. CollegeBoard. “Average Estimated Undergraduate Budgets, 2018–19,” Trends in Higher Education, 2019, https://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets-2018-19.

2. Dan Caplinger, “Rising Cost of College Creating a Financial Hole for Parents, Students: Foolish Take,” USA Today, June 9, 2018, https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/budget-and-spending/2018/06/09/rising-cost-of-college-financial-hole/35439339.

3. Camilo Maldonado, “Price of College Increasing Almost 8 Times Faster Than Wages,” Forbes, July 24, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/camilomaldonado/2018/07/24/price-of-college-increasing-almost-8-times-faster-than-wages/#4bbdc8da66c1.

4.Tom Lindsay, “New Report: The U.S. Student-Loan Debt Crisis Is Even Worse Than We Thought,” Forbes, May 24, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomlindsay/2018/05/24/new-report-the-u-s-student-loan-debt-crisis-is-even-worse-than-we-thought/#69058f55e438.

5. Katie Lobosco, “Starting Salary for the Class 2018: $50,390,” CNN Money, May 14, 2018, https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/14/pf/college/class-of-2018-starting-salary/index.html.

6. Delece Smith-Barrow and Josh Moody, “10 College Majors with the Lowest Starting Salaries,” U.S. News & World Report, February 17, 2019, https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/slideshows/10-college-majors-with-the-lowest-starting-salaries?onepage.

7. Susannah Snider, “Tax-Filing in 2019: What’s My Tax Bracket?” U.S. News & World Report, January 11, 2019, https://money.usnews.com/money/personal-finance/taxes/articles/whats-my-tax-bracket.

8. “Official USDA Food Plans: Cost of Food at Home at Four Levels, U.S. Average, April 2019,” United States Department of Agriculture, May 2019, https://fns-prod.azureedge.net/sites/default/files/resource-files/CostofFoodApr2019.pdf.

9. Geoff Williams, “How to Estimate Utility Costs,” U.S. News & World Report, January 17, 2019, https://money.usnews.com/money/personal-finance/spending/articles/how-to-estimate-utility-costs.

10. “America’s 2018 Rental Market in Review: Renters Finally Get Relief: Annual Rent Report, National Rent Trends 2018–2019,” Abodo, January 1, 2019, https://www.abodo.com/blog/2018-annual-rent-report/.

11. Bureau of Transportation Statistics, “Average Cost of Owning and Operating an Automobile,” United States Department of Transportation, https://www.bts.gov/content/average-cost-owning-and-operating-automobile.

12. “Average Car Insurance Rates by Age,” CarInsurance.com, November 27, 2018, https://www.carinsurance.com/average-rates-by-age.aspx.

13. “2017 Student Loan Debt and Housing Report: Survey Respondent Demographics,” CNBC.com, http://fm.cnbc.com/applications/cnbc.com/resources/editorialfiles/2018/03/29/student-loan-page4.pdf.

14. “America’s 2018 Rental Market in Review.”

15. “Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2016 – May 2017,” Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, June 14, 2017. https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/2017-economic-well-being-of-us-households-in-2016-education-debt-loans.htm.

16. “America’s 2018 Rental Market in Review.”

17. Bureau of Transportation Statistics, “Average Cost of Owning and Operating an Automobile.”

18. “John M. Vincent and Nate Parsons, “Average Used Car Loan Interest Rates in July 2019,” U.S. News & World Report, July 3, 2019, https://cars.usnews.com/cars-trucks/average-used-car-loan-interest-rates.

19. Bureau of Transportation Statistics, “Average Cost of Owning and Operating an Automobile.”

20. Megan Leonhardt, “Over a Third of College Students Already Have Credit Card Debt,” CNBC.com, June 2, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/31/over-a-third-of-college-students-have-credit-card-debt.html.

21. Brad Tuttle, “$47 a Month? Why You’re Probably Paying Double the ‘Average’ Cell Phone Bill, Time, October 18, 2012, http://business.time.com/2012/10/18/47-a-month-why-youre-probably-paying-double-the-average-cell-phone-bill/.

22. Susan Tompor, “Millennials Are So Buried in Debt They Can’t Buy into American Dream of Owning a Home,” USA Today, March 14, 2019, https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2019/03/14/student-loan-debt-crushes-millennials-car-home-buying-american-dream/3103065002/.

23. “Report to Congressional Requesters: Public Service Loan Forgiveness,” United States Government Accountability Office, September 2018, https://www.gao.gov/assets/700/694304.pdf.

24. Annie Nova, “Just 96 of 30,000 People Who Applied for Public Service Loan Forgiveness Actually Got It,” CNBC.com, September 21, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/21/the-education-department-data-shows-how-rare-loan-forgiveness-is.html.

25. Farran Powell, “What You Need to Know About College Tuition Costs,” U.S. News & World Report, September 19, 2018, https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/paying-for-college/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-college-tuition-costs.

26. CollegeBoard. “Tuition and Fees and Room and Board over Time,” Trends in Higher Education, 2019, https://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-fees-room-and-board-over-time.

27. “Fact Sheet: Focusing Higher Education on Student Success,” U.S. Department of Education, July 27, 2015, https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/fact-sheet-focusing-higher-education-student-success#_ftn10.

28. Jim Clifton, “The World’s Broken Workplace,” Gallup, June 13, 2017, https://news.gallup.com/opinion/chairman/212045/world-broken-workplace.aspx.

29. Nicole Pelletiere, “Mile-Long Pizza Breaks Guinness World Record, Slices Help Feed Homeless,” ABC News, June 22, 2017, https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/mile-long-pizza-breaks-guinness-world-record-slices/story?id=48180782.

30. Duke TIP, https://tip.duke.edu.

31. CollegeBoard. “SAT Suite of Assessments: Inside the Test,” 2019, https://collegereadiness.collegeboard.org/psat-8-9/inside-the-test?excmpid=mtg431-st-1-gd.

32. “How Peers Can Push Each Other for Improvement,” Jostens Renaissance Education, February 10, 2017, https://www.jostensrenaissance.com/peermotivation.

33. Eric Hoover, “An Ultra-Selective University Just Dropped the ACT/SAT. So What?” The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 14, 2018, https://www.chronicle.com/article/An-Ultra-Selective-University/243678.

34. Harvard College Admissions & Financial Aid, “What We Look For,” Harvard University, 2019, https://college.harvard.edu/admissions/application-process/what-we-look.

35. Lynn O’Shaughnessy, “8 Things You Should Know about Sports Scholarships,” CBS News, September 20, 2012, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/8-things-you-should-know-about-sports-scholarships/.

36. “Extracurricular Participation and Student Engagement,” National Center for Education Statistics, June 1195, https://nces.ed.gov/pubs95/web/95741.asp.

37. AnneMarie Mannion, “Participation in Student Activities Linked to Academic Success,” Chicago Tribune, March 18 2016, https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/la-grange/news/ct-dlg-student-activities-tl-0324-20160317-story.html.

38. CollegeBoard. “Guide to the 2018 SAT/ACT Concordance,” https://collegereadiness.collegeboard.org/pdf/guide-2018-act-sat-concordance.pdf.

39. Anna Aldric, “Average ACT Score for 2018, 2017, 2016, and Earlier Years,” PrepScholar.com, November 4, 2018, https://blog.prepscholar.com/average-act-score-for-2015-2014-2013-and-earlier-years.

40. “What’s a Good ACT Score?” Kaplan, https://www.kaptest.com/study/act/whats-good-act-score/.

41. “Reasons to Take Your Senior Year,” SparrowsPoinths.bcps.org, https://sparrowspoinths.bcps.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_4203545/File/Counseling%20Docs/reasons%20to%20take%20math%20senior%20year.pdf.

42. BigFuture, “The Facts About Applying Early: Is It Right for You?” CollegeBoard, 2019, https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/get-in/applying-101/the-facts-about-applying-early-is-it-right-for-you.

43. BigFuture, “Early Decision and Early Action Calendar,” CollegeBoard, 2019, https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/get-in/applying-101/early-decision-and-early-action-calendar.

44. “Clep,” CollegeBoard, 2019, https://clep.collegeboard.org/earn-college-credit/practice.

45. Counseling@NYU Staff, “Gap Year Basics: How Taking a Year Off Increases the Ceiling for Students,” NYU: Steinhardt, June 23, 2017, https://counseling.steinhardt.nyu.edu/blog/gap-year-after-high-school/.

46. John Ortberg, Soul Keeping, (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zonderan, 2014) 49.

47. “Colleges that Produce the Most CEOs,” Kittleman Blog, October 15, 2018, https://www.kittlemansearch.com/news-blog/colleges-that-produce-the-most-ceos/.