NOTES

Introduction

1 ‘A decade of unending hard slog’ Christopher Booker, The Seventies (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1980), p.4

4 ‘Australia did not enter’ Geoffrey Robertson, The Justice Game (Vintage, London, 1999), p.7

5 ‘Word of the murders’ Joan Didion, The White Album (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, NY, 1990 edition), p.47

5 ‘It happened on 4 May’ Milton Viorst, Fire in the Streets: America in the 1960s (Simon & Schuster, NY, 1979), p.507

6 ‘stripped the presidency’ Edward D. Berkowitz, Something Happened: A Political and Cultural Overview of the Seventies (Columbia University Press, NY, 2006), p.29

6 ‘Belated epitaph’ John Lahr (ed.), The Diaries of Kenneth Tynan (Bloomsbury, London, 2001), p.33

9 ‘The Watergate affair’ Marshall McLuhan, ‘At the Moment of Sputnik’, Journal of Communications, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp.48–58

12 ‘What a curiosity’ Robert Kirsch, ‘The Prose and Cons of Watergate’, Los Angeles Times, 23 June 1974, p.L1

13 ‘I made a conscientious effort’ ‘Howard Hunt, Master Storyteller’, Time, 11 June 1973

15 ‘I was very paranoid’ Interviewed for Robert Stone’s documentary Oswald’s Ghost (2007)

15 ‘All my adult life’ I.F. Stone, ‘The Left and the Warren Commission Report’, I.F. Stone’s Weekly, 5 October 1964, p.12

16 ‘Since the assassination’ Norman Mailer, ‘Footfalls in the Crypt’, Vanity Fair, February 1992, p.129

16 ‘What the world calls’ Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson, The Illuminatus! Trilogy (first published 1975; Raven Books edition, London, 1998), p.112

18 ‘All the mechanics’ Douglas Hurd, Memoirs (Little, Brown, London, 2003, p.196

One: Sleepless Nights

20 ‘Well, I’ve seen’ ‘Excerpts from Interview With Nixon About Domestic Effects of Indochina War’, New York Times, 20 May 1977, p.16

21 ‘Word … even reached’ Henry Kissinger, White House Years (Little, Brown, Boston, 1979), p.780

21 ‘I think we need’ US National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 341, Subject Files, Kissinger/President Memos 1969–1970

22 ‘He flew into a monumental rage’ Kissinger, White House Years, p.495

22 ‘a spiteful way’ H.R. Haldeman, The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House (G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1994), pp.161–2

23 ‘Wants to step up’ Ibid., p.148

24 ‘At Kent State there were’ Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Kissinger Papers, Box 363, Telephone Conversations, Chronological File, 1–5 May 1970

24 ‘traitors and thieves’ Arthur Schlesinger Jr, ‘The Amazing Success Story of “Spiro Who?”’, New York Times, 26 July 1970

25 ‘It is safer for a politician’ Anthony Summers, The Arrogance of Power: The Secret World of Richard Nixon (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 2001), p.94

25 ‘absolutely respects everyone’s right’ US National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Special Files, President’s Office Files, Box 81, Memoranda for the President, 3 May 1970

26 ‘waving their Vietcong flags’ Alexander Haig with Charles McCurry, Inner Circles: How America Changed the World: A Memoir (Warner Books, NY, 1992), p.238

26 ‘Rarely has a news conference’ Hedrick Smith, ‘Viewpoint: When the President Meets the Press,’ The Atlantic, August 1970, p.65

27 ‘I’m the best thing’ Summers, The Arrogance of Power, p.364

28 ‘His hands were in his pockets’ John Morthland, ‘Nixon in Public: He was Mumbling at His Feet’, in The Editors of Rolling Stone (eds), The Age of Paranoia: How the Sixties Ended (Pocket Books, New York, 1972), pp.314–15

28 ‘You know’ Herbert S. Parmet, Nixon and His America (Little, Brown, NY, 1989), p.13

29 ‘completely beat and just rambling on’ Haldeman, Diaries, p.163

30 ‘It probably is safe to say’ Terry Robards, ‘The Day Wall St Met the President’, New York Times, 31 May 1970, p.91

30 the most expensive dinner William Janeway, ‘Mr Nixon Faces the Music’, Spectator, 13 June 1970

30 ‘Anybody here’ Hugh Sidey, ‘The Presidency: “Anybody See Patton?”’, Life, 19 June 1970, p.28

31 ‘The moviegoer’s fundamental yearning’ Mark Feeney, Nixon at the Movies (University of Chicago Press, 2004), pp.x–xi

35 ‘He seemed to me’ J. Anthony Lukas, Nightmare: The Underside of the Nixon Years (Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio, 1999), p.374

36 ‘Kissinger and Nixon both had degrees’ Robert Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger: Partners in Power (Allen Lane, London, 2007), p.92

36 ‘around-the-clock’ Lukas, Nightmare, p.54

36 ‘It was [his] obsession’ Daniel Patrick Moynihan with Suzanne Weaver, A Dangerous Place (Little, Brown, Boston, 1975), pp.8–9

37 ‘Henry’s personality problem’ Conversation 456–05 (Richard Nixon Presidential Materials Staff, National Archives II, Maryland), 23 February 1971

37 ‘Did you know’ Conversation 464–25 (Richard Nixon Presidential Materials Staff, National Archives II, Maryland), 9 March 1971

37 ‘pay too much attention’ Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval (Little, Brown, Boston, 1982), p.110

37 ‘We are going to look’ Summers, The Arrogance of Power, p.348

37 ‘the personalities so volatile’ Richard M. Nixon, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (Grosset & Dunlap, NY, 1975), p.501

38 ‘did something very strange’ Tip O’Neill with William Novak, Man of the House: The Life and Political Memoirs of Tip O’Neill (Random House, NY, 1987), p.243

38 The only other outsider Jonathan Aitken, Nixon: A Life (Regnery, Washington DC, 1993), p.496

Two: Stick it to the End, Sir

43 ‘We took the view’ Quoted by Peter Hennessy, ‘Whitehall Contingency Planning for Industrial Disputes’, in Peter J. Rowe and Christopher J. Whelan (eds), Military Intervention in Democratic Societies (Croom Helm, London, 1987), p.100

43 Michael Farrell See Martin Dillon, The Enemy Within: The IRA’s War Against the British (Doubleday, London, 1994), pp.103–4

43 ‘All were blindfolded’ Sunday Times, 17 October 1971, quoted in Liz Curtis, Ireland: The Propaganda War (Pluto Press, London, 1984), p.31

43 ‘a legal luminary’ Dillon, The Enemy Within, p.107

45 ‘now wandering vainly’ Douglas Hurd, An End to Promises (William Collins, London, 1979), p.103

45 ‘The lights all went out’ Phillip Whitehead, The Writing on the Wall: Britain in the Seventies (Michael Joseph, London, 1985), p.76

45 ‘many of those’ Quoted by Peter Hennessy in Rowe and Whelan, Military Intervention in Democratic Societies, pp.99–100

46 ‘We can see’ The Times, 7 November 1972

46 ‘To the mainstream’ The Economist, 14 October 1972

47 ‘If those buggers’ Whitehead, The Writing on the Wall, p.103

48 ‘Had lunch’ Tony Benn, Against the Tide: Diaries 1973–76 (Hutchinson, London, 1989), pp.75–6

49 ‘Lunch at the Pearson Group’ Ronald McIntosh, Challenge to Democracy: Politics, Trade Union Power and Economic Failure in the 1970s (Politico’s, London, 2006), pp.5, 24

49 ‘Like many similar plays’ John Lahr (ed.), The Diaries of Kenneth Tynan (Bloomsbury, London, 2001), p.143

49 ‘Peter Hall likes it’ Ibid., pp.119–20

50 ‘the fomenting’ Harry Welton, ‘The British Scene’, in Brian Crozier (ed.), ‘We Will Bury You’: A Study of Left-Wing Subversion Today (Tom Stacey, London, 1970), pp.103–4

51 ‘The objective conditions’ ‘The Situation in Britain and the Tasks of the IMG’, International, Vol. 2, No. 2, Summer 1973, pp.7–14

51 ‘Our little organisation’ Whitehead, The Writing on the Wall, pp.206–7

52 ‘a sea of red flags’ Corinna Lotz and Paul Feldman, Gerry Healy: A Revolutionary Life (Lupus Books, London, 1994), p.259–60

52 ‘the world’s foremost radical showman’ Tim Wohlforth, The Prophet’s Children: Travels on the American Left (Humanities Press, New Jersey, 1994), pp.205–6

53 ‘Mary Queen of Scots’ Dennis Tourish and Tim Wohlforth, On the Edge: Political Cults Right and Left (M.E. Sharpe, New York and London, 2000), p.160

54 ‘deal with subjects’ John Goodwin (ed.), Peter Hall’s Diaries: The Story of a Dramatic Battle (Hamish Hamilton, London, 1983), pp.69–70

54 ‘It was leaden gray’ Richard Eder, ‘Londoners Refuse to be Cheerless’, New York Times, 25 December 1973, p.1

55 ‘To an island-bound people’ Richard Eder, ‘The Battle of Britain, 1974’, New York Times Sunday magazine, 24 February 1974, p.14

55 ‘Crisis Song’ Kingsley Amis, Collected Poems 1944–1979 (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1980), pp.135–6

56 Madame Eva Benn, Against the Tide, pp.74–5

56 ‘I felt somehow’ Ibid., p.80

56 ‘We are beginning’ Stephen Haseler, The Death of British Democracy (Paul Elek, London, 1976), pp.20–1

57 ‘He talked a lot’ McIntosh, Challenge to Democracy, p.124

57 ‘the mood of those’ R.H. Tawney, The Acquisitive Society (Victor Gollancz, London, 1937), pp.9–10

57 ‘the remarkable equanimity’ ‘Oh Dear, What Can the Matter Be?’, Time, 21 January 1974

58 ‘an entertaining lunch’ Patrick Cosgrave, ‘Could the Army Take Over?’, Spectator, 22 December 1973, p.806

59 ‘to get people used’ Benn, Against the Tide, p.87

59 ‘the government’s plan’ Letter from Lord Bowden in the Guardian, 21 December 1973, p.12

59 ‘For many firms’ ‘Countdown to Catastrophe’, Guardian, 6 February 1974, p.12

60 ‘As an officer’ Peter Hennessy, Whitehall (Secker & Warburg, London, 1989), p.219

61 ‘The atmosphere’ Hurd, An End to Promises, p.131

61 ‘moving the Red Army’ Whitehead, The Writing on the Wall, p.110

61 ‘took it all calmly’ Bernard Donoughue, Downing Street Diary: With James Callaghan in No. 10 (Jonathan Cape, London, 2008), p.153. Sir William Armstrong’s crack-up was one of the best-kept secrets of British government in the 1970s. Even Bernard Donoughue, who became the chief policy adviser at No. 10 in March 1974, heard nothing about it until three years later, when Robert Armstrong told him the story

62 ‘on a Chilean brink’ Spectator, 2 February 1974, p.1

Three: Going Underground

63 ‘skirmishing round the vicinity’ Geoffrey Jackson, People’s Prison (Readers Union edition, Newton Abbot, 1974), p.21

66 ‘have faith and confidence’ Richard Wigg, ‘Envoy Writes from Tupamaros cell’, The Times, 27 March 1971, p.5

66 ‘We understood’ ‘Weatherman: The Long and Winding Road to the Underground’ in Dotson Rader (ed.), Defiance #2: A Radical Review (Paperback Library, NY, 1970), p.14

66 ‘One of the groups’ Interviewed in the documentary Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst (Robert Stone, 2005)

67 ‘a reverential twenty-page article’ See Jean Stubbs, ‘Uruguay: A Role for Urban Guerrillas?’, International, Vol. I, No. 3 (January 1971), pp.25–43

67 ‘The Tupamaros are unquestionably’ Richard Gott’s introduction to Alain Labrousse, The Tupamaros (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1973), pp.13–14

68 ‘various ways’ Richard Wigg, ‘M. Debray Modifies his Views’, The Times, 7 January 1971, p.6

69 Giangiacomo Feltrinelli See Michael Burleigh, Blood and Rage: A Cultural History of Terrorism (HarperPress, London, 2008), pp.190–1

69 the Angry Brigade See Paul Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias: The Political Journey of the Generation of 1968 (W.W. Norton, NY, 1997), pp.98–9

70 ‘The terrorist activity’ ‘The City as a Battlefield: A Global Concern’, Time, 2 November 1970

73 ‘Now that the comrades’ ‘Kidnap’, Red Mole, Vol. 1, No. 4 (1 May 1970), p.8

74 ‘I doubt whether’ Irving Wardle, ‘Foco Novo’, The Times, 30 August 1972, p.10

74 ‘I went to see’ Patricia Marchak, God’s Assassins: State Terrorism in Argentina in the 1970s (McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal, 1999), p.188

74 ‘rationalised an act’ Andreas Killen, 1973 Nervous Breakdown: Watergate, Warhol and the Birth of Post-Sixties America (Bloomsbury, NY, 2006), p.247

75 ‘I told them’ Martin Bright, ‘Look Back in Anger’, Observer, 3 February 2002

79 ‘Ulster is not’ Jon Akass, Sun, 31 May 1983

79 ‘is not so much a figure of fun’ Edmund Leach, ‘The Official Irish Jokesters’, New Society, 20–27 December 1979

80 ‘pronouncing each syllable’ Kevin Myers, Watching the Door: Cheating Death in 1970s Belfast (Atlantic Books, London, 2008), p.24

80 ‘aiding and abetting’ Liz Curtis, Ireland: The Propaganda War (Pluto Press, London, 1984), p.8

81 ‘As far as I’m concerned’ Ibid., p.10

82 ‘If there was one thing’ Dillon, The Enemy Within, p.146

83 ‘a short, sharp shock’ Ibid., p.122

86 ‘Father O’Brezhnev’ Daily Express, 18 October 1971. See also Curtis, Ireland, p.226, and Sunday Times, 24 October 1971

86 ‘IRA HIRE RED KILLERS’ Daily Mirror, 23 October 1971, p.1

86 ‘just another student’ Dillon, The Enemy Within, p.123

87 ‘When we were young’ Eric Marsden, ‘Japanese Tells Israeli Court that More Slaughter is Inevitable in Struggle for Proletarian Rule’, The Times, 14 July 1972, p.6

87 ‘leading his mob’ Paul Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias: The Political Journey of the Generation of 1968 (W.W. Norton, NY, 1997), p.266

88 ‘They had a swaggering’ Ibid., p.167

89 Ulrike Meinhof issued See Jeremy Varon, Bringing the War Home (University of California Press, Berkeley, 2004), p.251

89 ‘The comrades’ Stefan Aust, The Baader-Meinhof Complex (translated by Anthea Bell; Bodley Head, London, 2008 edition), p.182

90 ‘They wanted’ Varon, Bringing the War Home, p.244

91 ‘Gestapo police methods’ Michael Baumann, Terror or Love?: Bommi Baumann’s Own Story of His Life as a West German Urban Guerrilla (Grove Press, NY, 1979), pp.67–8

92 ‘In trying not to be’ Harriet Rubin, ‘Terrorism, Trauma and the Search for Redemption’, Fast Company, No. 52, November 2001, p.164

93 ‘Three hours before’ Tom Gross, ‘Fischer Thumps Arafat’s Table to Demand Peace’, Sunday Telegraph, 10 June 2001, p.29

93 ‘markedly more rancorous’ ‘After the Tel Aviv Suicide Bomb’, The Economist, 9 June 2001

Four: Madmen in Theory and Practice

96 ‘were turned into exultation’ Kissinger, White House Years, p.498

96 ‘One day we will’ Charles Colson, Born Again (Bantam, NY, 1976), p.38

97 ‘the chief ass-kicker’ Lukas, Nightmare, pp.13–14

97 ‘That much was true’ John Dean, Blind Ambition: The White House Years (Star Books, London, 1976), p.316

98 ‘You’re being too kind’ Interview on 60 Minutes, 8 April 1984, quoted in Summers, The Arrogance of Power, p.343

99 ‘It really blasts’ Haldeman, Diaries, pp.299–300

99 ‘But out of the gobbledygook’ H.R. Haldeman to President Nixon, Monday, 14 June 1971, 3.09 p.m. meeting

100 ‘it would be a signal’ Nixon, RN, pp.508–90

100 ‘subversive Jews’ Summers, The Arrogance of Power, p.44

102 ‘For the next twelve years’ Richard Nixon, Six Crises (Doubleday, NY, 1962), p.82

103 ‘There isn’t any question’ ‘Excerpts from Interview with Nixon About Domestic Effects of Indochina War’, New York Times, 20 May 1977, p.16

105 ‘more or less true’ Summers, The Arrogance of Power, p.296

105 ‘This is the worst player’ David Edmonds and John Eidinow, Bobby Fischer Goes to War (Faber, London, 2004), p.126

106 ‘I didn’t ever imagine’ Seymour M. Hersh, The Price of Power: Henry Kissinger in the Nixon White House (Faber, London, 1983), p.53

106 ‘The publication of the Pentagon Papers’ Mary McCarthy, The Mask of State: Watergate Portraits (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, NY, 1974), pp.152–7

107 ‘was designed for use’ G. Gordon Liddy, Will (St Martin’s Press, NY, 1998), pp.309–10

107 ‘to give us their highest clearances’ Liddy, Will, p.202

108 ‘They have a lot of material’ Stanley I. Kutler, Abuse of Power: The New Nixon Tapes (Free Press, NY, 1997), p.6

109 ‘When the president does it’ David Frost, Frost/Nixon (Macmillan, London, 2007), p.262

109 ‘Jesus Christ, John’ Dean, Blind Ambition, pp.44–6

112 ‘genuinely righteous’ Garry Wills, ‘The Kingdom of Heaven’, New York Review of Books, 13 June 1974

112 ‘For God’s sake’ E. Howard Hunt, Undercover (Berkeley, NY, 1974), p.185

114 ‘the president wanted’ Interview with Magruder in Watergate (Brian Lapping Productions, 1994). I am indebted to Norma Percy, the producer of this magnificent five-part TV documentary, for sending me DVDs of the series

115 ‘There was political pressure’ Lukas, Nightmare, p.303

119 ‘Do you think the president’ Summers, The Arrogance of Power, p.455

Five: Going on a Bear Hunt

122 ‘Rather than inform’ David Widgery, ‘Underground Press’, International Socialism, April – June 1972, p.3

122 ‘there was no way’ Charles Shaar Murray, ‘I was an Oz Schoolkid’, Guardian, 2 August 2001

125 ‘but I never found’ Interview with Elizabeth Manners by Jolyon Jenkins, In Living Memory (BBC Radio 4, 18 June 2008)

125 ‘The boy there’ Tony Palmer, The Trials of Oz (Blond & Briggs, London, 1971), p.90

128 ‘Mr Murdoch has not invented’ Quoted in Peter Chippindale and Chris Horrie, Stick it up Your Punter: The Uncut Story of the Sun Newspaper (Pocket Books, London, 1999), p.26

129 ‘a paranoia around these proceedings’ Geoffrey Robertson, The Justice Game (Vintage, London, 1999), p.33

130 ‘For want of anything’ Joseph Heller, ‘Catch–22 and Disorder in the Courts’, Crawdaddy, August 1973. Reprinted in Peter Knobler and Greg Mitchell (eds), Very Seventies: A Cultural History of the 1970s from the Pages of Crawdaddy (Fireside, NY, 1995), pp.51–6 133 ‘I would rather question’ Alan Travis, ‘Oz Trial Lifted Lid on Porn Squad Bribery’, Guardian, 13 November 1999

134 ‘The rebels who sparked’ Quoted in David Frum, How We Got Here (Basic Books, NY, 2000), p.201

135 ‘Was I spoiled’ Jennifer Skolnick, ‘Notes of a Recycled Housewife’, New York, 22 May 1972, p.36

136 ‘Pregnancy symbolises proof’ ‘Abortion on demand’, Time, 29 January 1973

136 ‘After so many years’ Quoted in Killen, 1973 Nervous Breakdown, p.83

137 ‘related symptoms of a moral collapse’ Craig Howes, Voices of the Vietnam PoWs (Oxford University Press, 1993), p.145

138 ‘I’m not really a queer’ Quoted in Alwyn W. Turner, Crisis? What Crisis? (Aurum Press, London, 2008), p.244

140 ‘Our country doesn’t like’ ‘Many in GOP Say Marriage Will Hurt Rockefeller in 1964’, New York Times, 3 May 1963, p.17

Six: Days of the Jackals

142 ‘I lost my cool’ Len Shurtleff, ‘A Foreign Service Murder’, Foreign Service Journal, October 2007, pp.51–5. See also ‘US Aide is Found Dead in Embassy in West Africa’, New York Times, 1 September 1971, p.12

144 ‘a place hit’ Martin Meredith, The State of Africa (The Free Press, London, 2005), p.241

145 ‘I originally postulated’ Adam Roberts, The Wonga Coup (Profile Books, London, 2006), p.33

145 ‘One of the arms dealers’ Maurice Chittenden, ‘Forsyth: My Real-Life Dogs of War Coup’, Sunday Times, 11 June 2006, p.7

147 ‘Denard was good’ Frederick Forsyth, The Dogs of War (Arrow, London, undated omnibus edition with The Day of the Jackal), pp.350–1

148 ‘It was remarkable’ Roberts, The Wonga Coup, p.35

148 a hash-induced vision ‘A Man and His Dog’, Time, 21 August 1978. See also obituaries of Denard in The Times, Independent and Daily Telegraph (all 16 October 2007)

149 ‘I think I’d like’ Henry Allen, ‘“Mad Mike” the Mercenary: Ready to Shake up the World for the Right Deal’, Washington Post, 13 November 1978, p.B1

150 By the end See Patrick Marnham, Fantastic Invasion: Dispatches from Contemporary Africa (Jonathan Cape, London, 1980), p.203

150 ‘Hardly an eyebrow’ David Lamb, ‘Paranoia in Radical Africa: Benin Waiting for the Other Coup to Fall’, Los Angeles Times, 10 April 1978, p.B1

Seven: Such Harmonious Madness

151 ‘That’s what you get’ Zhisui Li, The Private Life of Chairman Mao (Arrow Books, London, 1996), p.538

152 ‘Lin Biao had made’ Ibid., p.529

153 ‘staff were ordered’ Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, Mao: The Unknown Story (Vintage, London, 2007), p.731

154 ‘She is particularly afraid’ Ibid., p.728

156 ‘Didn’t our ancestors’ Zhisui Li, The Private Life of Chairman Mao, p.514

156 ‘Abroad, one long procession’ Vladimir Bukovsky, To Build a Castle: My Life as a Dissenter (André Deutsch, London 1978), p.53

157 ‘If the KGB’ Ibid., p.157

160 ‘Why bother with political trials’ Zhores and Roy Medvedev, A Question of Madness (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1974), p.64

160 ‘Gorbanevskaya is suffering’ Sidney Bloch and Peter Reddaway, Russia’s Political Hospitals (Futura, London, 1978), p.134

161 ‘No doubts concerning Grigorenko’s mental health’ Ibid., p.112

163 ‘This has to be one of the great’ Stephen Ambrose, Nixon: The Triumph of a Politician, 1962–72 (Simon & Schuster, NY, 1989), Vol. 2, p.544

163 ‘humiliated the American people’ ‘Birch Society Denunciation’, New York Times, 29 February 1972, p.16

164 ‘Even in the throes of crisis’ Killen, 1973 Nervous Breakdown, p. 7

164 ‘What’s great’ Andy Warhol, The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (From A to B and Back Again) (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, NY, 1975), pp.100–1

165 ‘Nixon had just been’ Bob Colacello, Holy Terror: Andy Warhol Close Up (HarperCollins, NY, 1990), p.111

Eight: Eternal Vigilance

166 ‘I hear that a lot’ Mel Gussow, ‘Mailer’s Guests ($50 a couple) Hear His Plan on “Secret Police”’, New York Times, 6 February 1973, p.23

166 ‘As the deaths’ Norman Mailer, Marilyn: A Biography (Grosset & Dunlap, NY, 1973)

167 ‘I am a big friend’ ‘600 Pay $30 Each. Fete Mailer’, Los Angeles Times, 7 February 1973, p.13

168 ‘Oh sweet Jesus’ All the big American newspapers reported on the party, but the most comprehensive account is in Mary V. Dearborn, Mailer: A Life (Mariner Books, NY, 2001)

169 ‘Let me have memo’ Joe Stephens, ‘The FBI’s 15-Year Campaign to Ferret Out Norman Mailer’, Washington Post, 11 November 2008, p.C8

171 ‘an untouchable symbol’ ‘Bugging J. Edgar Hoover’, Time, 19 April 1971

171 ‘The Bureau über alles spirit’ Liddy, Will, pp.84–5

173 ‘discredit, destabilise and demoralise’ Allan M. Jalon, ‘A Break-in to End All Break-ins’, Los Angeles Times, 8 March 2006

173 ‘Xerox copies’ Aryeh Neier, Dossier: The Secret Files They Keep on You (Stein & Day, New York, 1975), p.150

174 ‘The disillusioning documentation’ Victor Navasky, review of FBI and Cointelpro, New York Times, 14 March 1976, p.BR1

175 ‘When the FBI adopts’ ‘Bugging J. Edgar Hoover’, Time, 19 April 1971

177 ‘Though there is a general belief’ Senate Select Committee to Study Government Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report (US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1975–76), Vol. 3, pp.705–6

178 ‘Overnight, CIA became a sinister’ John Ranelagh, The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA (Touchstone, NY, 1987), p.575

178 ‘Although none of these assassinations’ Gerald Ford, A Time to Heal (Berkley Books, NY, 1980), pp.223–4

180 ‘I discovered’ Ranelagh, The Agency, p.589

180 ‘compiled some 13,000’ The Nelson Rockefeller Report to the President by the Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States (Manor Books, NY, 1975)

181 ‘A murder instrument’ ‘Of Dart Guns and Poisons’, Time, 29 September 1975

182 ‘In itself’ Ranelagh, The Agency, p.627

183 ‘We tell ourselves’ Quoted in Godfrey Hodgson, America in Our Time (Vintage Books, NY, 1976), p.326

Nine: Crossing the Psychic Frontier

186 ‘The implications of this’ Letters to the Editor, The Times, 29 November 1973, p.19

187 ‘If we had adequate funding’ ‘Boom Times on the Psychic Frontier’, Time, 4 March 1974. The fact that Time thought the paranormal worthy of a long cover story shows just how pervasive this nonsense had become

188 ‘all that has been lacking’ Brian Inglis, ‘The Uri Geller Phenomenon’, New Statesman, 30 November 1973

189 ‘after thinking carefully’ Bryan Silcock, ‘Mind Over Matter’, Sunday Times, 2 December 1973

189 ‘Only if and when’ Letters to the Editor, The Times, 4 January 1974, p.13

190 In a subsequent book John Taylor, Superminds: The Inquiry into the Paranormal (Macmillan, London, 1975). See also Lawrence McGinty, ‘What Price Geller Now?’, New Scientist, 2 November 1978

190 ‘Scientists are the people’ Andrew Weil, ‘Parapsychology: Andrew Weil’s Search for the True Uri Geller’, Psychology Today, June 1974

194 ‘I began to have’ The Wilson interview appeared in a one-off edition of The Fanatic, published in March 1977 to coincide with the opening of Ken Campbell’s eight-hour adaptation of Illuminatus! at the National Theatre

195 ‘an invasion of my mind’ Charles Platt, Dream Makers: The Uncommon People Who Write Science Fiction (Berkley Books, NY, 1980)

197 ‘There are periods of history’ Shea and Wilson, The Illuminatus! Trilogy, p.32

197 ‘a society of paranoids’ Adam Gopnik, ‘Blows Against the Empire: The Return of Philip K. Dick’, New Yorker, 20 August 2007, p.79

197 ‘It seems to me’ Jeet Heer, ‘Marxist Literary Critics are Following Me!’, Lingua Franca (online magazine), Vol. 11, No. 4, May – June 2001. See also Jeet Heer, ‘The Demons of Philip K. Dick’, Guardian Saturday Review, 23 June 2001, p.3

Ten: The Road to Ruritania

201 ‘The gravest danger’ David McKie, ‘Dangers from Hysteria, Panic and Paranoia’, Guardian, 24 August 1974, p.6

201 ‘The Battle of Britain’ Richard Eder, ‘The Battle of Britain, 1974’, New York Times magazine, 24 February 1974, p.14

202 ‘Though primarily involved’ ‘Polarization in Britain’, New York Times, 8 February 1974, p.30

202 ‘World War II’ Quoted in Alwyn W. Turner, Crisis? What Crisis?: Britain in the 1970s (Aurum Press, London, 2008), p.153

203 ‘a refusal to take’ Donald Horne, God is an Englishman (Angus & Robertson, London, 1970), p.203

203 ‘I wonder how far’ Paul Johnson’s documentary The Road to Ruritania was broadcast in the BBC’s ‘One Pair of Eyes’ series, 1973. I am grateful to Adam Curtis for giving me a video of the programme

204 ‘the precipitate decline’ ‘The Situation in Britain and the Tasks of the IMG’, International, Vol. 2, No. 2, Summer 1973, pp.7–14

205 ‘The words can be heard’ Peter Hazelhurst, ‘Fear of “British Disease” in Japan as Business and Industry Face Expected Outbreak of Strikes’, The Times, 11 January 1975, p.8

206 ‘The apparent fecklessness’ Roger Berthoud, ‘Europe Views Britain’s Prospects with Gloom’, The Times, 26 September 1974, p.30

206 ‘It was our choice’ Correlli Barnett, letter to The Times, 15 February 1975, p.15

207 ‘The House will note’ Norman Shrapnel, ‘Jenkins Sheds Some Illumination’, Guardian, 8 February 1974, p.1

207 ‘People who sat’ Joe Haines, Glimmers of Twilight (Politico’s, London, 2004), p.70

207 ‘HW had most complicated schemes’ Donoughue, Downing Street Diary, pp.41–2

208 ‘The squatter’ Spectator, 9 March 1974, p.1

208 ‘The most disappointing’ Diary entry for 6 March 1974 in The Diaries of Auberon Waugh (Akadine Press, New York, 1998)

209 ‘He was not going’ Haines, Glimmers of Twilight, pp.81–2

211 ‘Terrible lunch’ Donoughue, Downing Street Diary, pp.61–2

211 ‘HW is clearly upset’ Ibid., pp.63–4

212 ‘She made sense’ Private information: letter to the author from a former member of Wilson’s staff

212 ‘I’m getting him worried’ Donoughue, Downing Street Diary, p.83

213 ‘Don’t tell me that’ Haines, Glimmers of Twilight, p.94

213 ‘I don’t know’ Panorama, BBC1, 14 February 1977

214 ‘Marcia was incandescent’ Haines, Glimmers of Twilight, pp.53–4

214 ‘Then I went’ Donoughue, Downing Street Diary, p.97

215 ‘Albert was sad’ Ibid., p.140

215 ‘Even supposing’ Haines, Glimmers of Twilight, p.138

217 ‘From abroad’ Donoughue, Downing Street Diary, p.174

217 ‘wholesale domestic liquidation’ Ben Fenton, ‘Wilson Worried About a Pint as Britain Went Bust’, Daily Telegraph, 30 December 2005

217 ‘I … switched on the radio’ David Peace, 1974 (Serpent’s Tail, London, 2008 edition), p.270

218 ‘What the government is asking’ Speech by Harold Wilson to National Union of Mineworkers, Scarborough, 7 July 1975

219 ‘He came into the office’ Haines, Glimmers of Twilight, p.140

220 ‘Ken Coates’ Benn, Against the Tide, p.227

222 ‘Obviously there is a transmitter’ Ibid., p.335

223 ‘We regret’ Ibid., p.378

224 ‘behind a bookcase’ Peter Niesewand and Anne McHardy, ‘Arms Found in London Flat’, Guardian, 2 July 1975, p.1

224 ‘the destruction of the United States’ Amir Taheri, ‘The Axis of Terror: Carlos the Jackal Pledges Allegiance to Osama bin Laden’, Weekly Standard, 24 November 2003

224 ‘The “Carlos myth”’ Anthony Haden-Guest, ‘The Terrorist Mind: Correspondence with “The Jackal”’, New York Press, 12 October 1999

Eleven: Lords of the Beasts and Fishes

227 About nine thousand young Portuguese See Phil Davison, ‘Carnation Revolution Withers’, Independent, 25 April 1994

228 ‘Our concern in Angola’ Martin Meredith, The State of Africa (The Free Press, London, 2005), p.316

228 ‘When marking out’ Ibid., pp.1–2

229 ‘two fundamental weaknesses’ Patrick Marnham, Fantastic Invasion: Dispatches from Contemporary Africa (Jonathan Cape, London, 1980), pp.194–6

230 ‘I wonder’ Jonathan Bloch and Patrick Fitzgerald, British Intelligence and Covert Action: Africa, Middle East and Europe Since 1945 (Brandon, Dublin, 1982), p.163

230 ‘Maybe they’re not’ ‘Big Daddy: The Perfect Host’, Time, 11 August 1975

233 ‘I would like’ ‘Amin: The Wild Man of Africa’, Time, 7 March 1977

233 ‘Hitler was right’ ‘Big Daddy’s Big Mouth’, Time, 17 July 1973

234 ‘I want to assure you’ David Martin, General Amin (Faber, London, 1974), p.11

236 ‘we have a problem’ James Warren, ‘More Nixon Tapes: A Selection from Recordings in the National Archives’, Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 294, No. 2 (September 2004), p.101

237 ‘as if competing’ Richard Dowden, ‘His Excellency Field Marshal Idi Amin Dada …’, Independent, 25 January 2001

238 ‘In the past few months’ Dominic Casciani, ‘Despot Planned “Save Britain Fund”’, BBC News online, 1 January 2005. See also Alan Hamilton, ‘How Idi Amin Offered Lorryload of Vegetables to Feed Starving Britain’, The Times, 1 January 2005, p.25

239 ‘Your Majesty’ ‘General Amin Invites Himself to Britain’, The Times, 23 January 1975

240 ‘Just before he was due’ Paul Vallely, ‘Bob Astles: The Years of Terror with President Amin’, The Times, 10 December 1985, p.5

242 ‘Your excellency’ John Darnton, ‘Secret-Police Records Reveal Vast Paranoia of Idi Amin’s Regime’, New York Times, 18 April 1979, p.A1

243 ‘Amin would lounge’ ‘Amin’s Horror Chamber’, Time, 30 April 1979

244 ‘I kept my eyes shut’ Giles Foden, ‘Thoughts of Major Bob’, Guardian, 4 March 1998

Twelve: Morbid Symptoms

245 ‘The John Stonehouse drowning’ Benn, Against the Tide, pp.272–3

246 ‘When we first started’ John Stonehouse, Death of an Idealist (W.H. Allen, London, 1975), p.221

246 ‘the pressures and tensions’ Ibid., p.183

246 ‘The disappearing canoeist’ Brian Groom, ‘Dazed and Confused’, Financial Times, 11 December 2007, p.16

247 ‘No mobile phones’ Joe Queenan, ‘Confessions of a Technophobe’, Guardian, 8 January 2008

247 ‘This is Agatha Christie’ Donoughue, Downing Street Diary, p.102

248 ‘The country expects’ James Callaghan, Time and Chance (William Collins, London, 1987), p.326

248 ‘Britain is a miserable sight’ Donoughue, Downing Street Diary, p.503

249 ‘I was sad’ Goodwin (ed.), Peter Hall’s Diaries, p.408

249 ‘This time last year’ Speech by Margaret Thatcher to Scottish Conservative conference, 17 May 1975

250 ‘It was, without doubt’ Peter Preston, ‘Waiting for It’, Guardian, 8 January 1975, reprinted in W.L. Webb (ed.), The Bedside Guardian 24 (William Collins, London, 1975), p.9

250 ‘This afternoon the Swiss ambassador’ McIntosh, Challenge to Democracy, pp.196–7

251 ‘It is not merely’ Peter Strafford, ‘Britain is “Drifting Slowly Towards Ungovernability”’, The Times, 8 May 1975, p.1

251 ‘It is now most unlikely’ ‘Near the End of the Line’, The Times, 8 May 1975, p.15

252 ‘talking in riddles’ Stephen Dorril and Robin Ramsay, Smear!: Wilson and the Secret State (Fourth Estate, London, 1991), p.283

254 ‘All over the country’ Margaret Drabble, The Ice Age (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1977)

255 ‘I said to Harry’ Bruce Page, interview with the author, September 2008

257 ‘The ancient King of Persia’ Brian Crozier (ed.), ‘We Will Bury You’: A Study of Left-Wing Subversion Today (Tom Stacey, London, 1970), p.vii

258 ‘a supreme act’ Stephen Haseler, The Death of British Democracy (Paul Elek, London, 1976), p.112

259 ‘Used to be involved’ George Shipway, The Chilian Club (Mayflower Books, Frogmore, 1972), pp.106–7

260 ‘They were saying’ Barrie Penrose and Roger Courtiour, The Pencourt File (Secker & Warburg, London, 1978), p.9

261 ‘Angleton had a special view’ Dorril and Ramsay, Smear!, p.38

261 ‘After a while’ John Ranelagh, CIA: A History (BBC Books, London, 1992), p.142

261 ‘The KGB would carry out’ Edward Jay Epstein, Deception: The Invisible War Between the KGB and the CIA (W.H. Allen, London, 1989), p.81

262 ‘The first pressings’ Chapman Pincher, Their Trade is Treachery (Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1981), p.295

262 ‘The accusation was wholly incredible’ Peter Wright, Spycatcher (Viking Penguin, NY, 1987), p.364

263 ‘show Wilson’ Interview on Panorama, BBC1, July 1988

263 ‘The plan was simple’ Wright, Spycatcher, p.369

263 ‘Most of us don’t like him’ Ibid., p.371

264 ‘It was a story, even then’ Patrick Marnham, Trail of Havoc: In the Steps of Lord Lucan (Penguin, London, 1988), p.95

265 ‘He told me that the Russians’ Benn, Against the Tide, p.432

266 ‘At the moment’ Ibid., p.483

267 ‘On the way there’ Haines, Glimmers of Twilight, pp.115–16

267 ‘There is a very strong rumour’ Benn, Against the Tide, p.527

270 ‘Who was “higher authority”?’ Penrose and Courtiour, The Pencourt File, p.33

271 ‘The story would not’ Ibid., p.415

271 ‘First Wilson gets burgled’ Peace, 1974, p.19

Thirteen: In the Jungle Labyrinth

273 ‘Sir, – Nigel Rowe’ Guardian, 11 January 1975, p.12

274 ‘since it has no room’ Richard Hofstadter, The Paranoid Style in American Politics (Knopf, NY, 1966), pp.35–6

275 ‘We were running’ Frum, How We Got Here, p.41

275 ‘popular mythology’ Christopher Lasch, ‘The Life of Kennedy’s Death’, Harper’s, October 1983, pp.32–40

276 ‘Jesus Motherfuckin’ Christ’ Shea and Wilson, The Illuminatus! Trilogy, p.110

277 ‘politicians are awfully unpopular’ Ibid., p.492

277 ‘Rain drips’ Thomas Pynchon, Gravity’s Rainbow (Vintage edition, London, 1995), p.434

277 ‘For every They’ Ibid., p.638

280 A 1977 article See Carl Bernstein, ‘The CIA and the Media’, Rolling Stone, 20 October 1977, pp.55–67

281 ‘It is a fictional form’ Charles Champlin, ‘“Condor” – The Spy as Endangered Species’, Los Angeles Times, 28 September 1975, p.V1

281 ‘I was shocked’ Mary Murphy, ‘Timeliness of “Condor” “Good and Bad”’, Los Angeles Times, 10 September 1975, p.G15

282 ‘one of the most explicit’ Killen, 1973 Nervous Breakdown, p.245

282 ‘what we have here’ Mark Feeney, Nixon at the Movies (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2004), p.265

283 ‘the life of politics’ Quoted in Lasch, ‘The Life of Kennedy’s Death’, pp.32–40

284 ‘From Dallas to Watergate’ Mark Harris, ‘Conspiracy to the Left of Us!’, New York Times magazine, 24 August 1975, p.12

287 ‘He lacked substantial capacity’ ‘State Rests Case Against Bremer; Doctors Agree on Mental Illness’, Los Angeles Times, 2 August 1972, p.A10

292 ‘Nixon never trusted’ Summers, The Arrogance of Power, p.330

292 ‘we’ve checked’ Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, p.315

292 ‘Coming from a member’ Time, 8 June 1970

293 ‘secrecy, distrust and isolation’ Robert S. Robins and Jerrold M. Post, Political Paranoia: The Psychopolitics of Hatred (Yale University Press, New Haven, 1997), p.251

294 ‘Moore has rightly gauged’ Jonathan Raban, ‘Running Scared’, Guardian, 21 July 2004

Conclusion: Let’s Do the Time Warp Again

296 ‘Mistrust of government’ Ross Douthat, ‘The Return of the Paranoid Style’, Atlantic Monthly, April 2008

297 ‘One of the things’ Interview with Paul Greengrass: see Stephen Armstrong, ‘A Whirlwind in Action’, Guardian media section, 9 June 2008, p.5

298 ‘every important transaction’ Henry Porter, ‘A Mass Movement is Needed to Tackle the State’s Snoopers’, Observer, 25 November 2007

299 ‘There remains a distinct’ Niall Ferguson, ‘For the Love of Money: How Humanity Created the Credit Crunch’, The Times, 31 October 2008

299 ‘views that … have come’ Michael Kelly, ‘The Road to Paranoia’, New Yorker, 19 June 1995, p.67

299 ‘It is a climate of paranoia’ Max Lerner, ‘The Climate of Paranoia is the Culprit’, Los Angeles Times, 19 May 1972, p.C7

302 ‘McCarthy’s power’ Arthur Miller, ‘Why I Wrote The Crucible’, New Yorker, 21 and 28 October 1996, p.158

304 ‘Mrs Nixon and I’ Joyce Haber, ‘Nixon Casts a Vote for “Skyjacked”’, Los Angeles Times, 1 August 1972, p.H11

305 ‘Running out of gas’ John Updike, Rabbit is Rich (Ballantine Books, NY, 1981), p.1

305 ‘No people in history’ Max Lerner, ‘Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Paranoia’, Los Angeles Times, 2 July 1970, p.A7

306 ‘enhance the paranoia’ Betty Medsger, ‘Stolen Records of FBI Describe Surveillance of Activist Groups’, Los Angeles Times, 24 March 1971, p.1

307 ‘There is in general’ Max Lerner, ‘What’s Wrong With America?’, Los Angeles Times, 15 July 1971, p.B6

307 ‘We felt that the country’ Speech on All India Radio, 11 November 1975, quoted in Ramachandra Guha, An Anthropologist Among the Marxists (Permanent Black, Delhi, 2001), p.189

308 ‘a Golden Age’ Hendrik Hertzberg and David C.K. McClelland, ‘Paranoia: An Idée Fixe Whose Time has Come’, Harper’s, June 1974, pp.51–60

308 ‘One of the few things’ R.Z. Sheppard, ‘Goodbye, Mr Clean’, Time, 13 May 1974

310 ‘The phone rang’ Joan Didion, The White Album (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, NY, 1990 edition), p.42