¹³ Parallels to this curious motif are found in Northern and Eastern folklore.

¹⁴ With this stanza compare “Vǫluspá,” St. 56, which also gives the signs in nature foreboding, or accompanying, the doom of the gods.

¹⁵ Accepting Boer’s emendation: Heimdall is the sire of the three estates of men. See “Vǫluspá,” St. 1, and Rígsþula.

¹⁶ See “Vǫluspá,” St. 64 and Note 94.

¹⁷ See “Vǫluspá,” St. 52.