¹³ Kenning for “warrior.”

¹⁴ The god of war (see “Hymiskviða,” St. 4 and Note 6). His name is designated by the ↑ rune.

¹⁵ As did Grímhild (see “Grípisspá, St. 31 ff) and Borghild (see “Frádauða Sinfjǫtla”).

¹⁶ Nauth, “need,” is the name of the rune (written ×) for “n.”

¹⁷ To counteract possible poison or magic.

¹⁸ A kingly accomplishment, as in later times was the laying on of hands, “the royal touch.”

¹⁹ The dísir are female guardian spirits.

²⁰ Kenning for “ship.”