⁴ That is, by bringing about the death of his kinsmen by marriage, who might otherwise have been “pillars of his might.”

⁵ Guthrún overhears the plottings of Atli and is anxious to warn her brothers, but is not allowed to go personally with the messengers.

⁶ In the sense of “confused.”

⁷ An arm of the sea, the Lim Firth (North Jutland) is here supposed to separate the domains of Atli from those of the Gjúkungs.

⁸ The gifts are of arms. See “Atlakviða,” St. 1, Note 1.

⁹ “The Stewardess”; like Glaumvor “the Cheerful,” doubtless the poet’s invention. See also “Dráp Niflunga.”

¹⁰ The meaning seems to be: the messengers invite the Gjúkungs to follow Hogni as their leader, so as to inspire them with confidence.