Gavin Alexander is University Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of English, University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Christ’s College. His recent publications include Writing After Sidney: The Literary Response to Sir Philip Sidney, 1586–1640 (Oxford University Press, 2006); Sidney’s ‘The Defence of Poesy’ and Selected Renaissance Literary Criticism (Penguin Classics, 2004); Renaissance Figures of Speech (Cambridge University Press, 2007), co-edited with Sylvia Adamson and Katrin Ettenhuber; and numerous articles and book chapters on literary and musicological topics. An edition of The Model of Poesy by William Scott, a manuscript treatise on poetics from c.1600, is forthcoming from Cambridge University Press.
Rudolph P. Almasy is Professor of English at West Virginia University. His scholarly interest is sixteenth-century English religious polemical literature, and he has published on William Tyndale, John Bale, Anne Askew, John Knox, and Richard Hooker, as well as Phillip Sidney and William Shakespeare. At WVU, he has also served as Dean of the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, as well as Dean of the Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design. His current scholarly project focuses on Knox’s exilic writings. He is an active member of the Society for Reformation Research.
Robert Appelbaum received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, and is currently Professor of English Literature at Uppsala University, Sweden. His publications include Literature and Utopian Politics in Seventeenth-Century England (Cambridge University Press, 2002), Aguecheek’s Beef, Belch’s Hiccup and Other Gastronomic Interjections: Literature, Culture and Food Among the Early Moderns (University of Chicago Press, 2006), and Dishing It Out: In Search of the Restaurant Experience (Reaktion, 2011). A Leverhulme and AHRC Fellow, his most recent research focuses on terrorism and the literary imagination.
Gillian Austen did her research at Lincoln College, Oxford, and is currently a Visiting Fellow in the Department of English, University of Bristol. Her book George Gascoigne (Studies in Renaissance Literature, 24; D. S. Brewer, 2008) is the first on Gascoigne to discuss all of his work, including his illustrations. She has published several articles on Gascoigne, as well as other early Elizabethan authors, including Turberville and Whetstone. She convened three small-scale international conferences at Lincoln College, Oxford, under the title The Gascoigne Seminar, and is currently preparing a fully annotated Gascoigne Bibliography and editing the collection New Essays on George Gascoigne, both for AMS Press in New York.
Thomas Betteridge is Professor of Theatre at Brunel University. He has published numerous pieces on English Reformation drama, literature, and history. His books include Tudor Histories of the English Reformations (Ashgate, 1999), Literature and Politics in the English Reformation (Manchester University Press, 2004), and Shakespearean Fantasy and Politics (University of Hertfordshire Press, 2005). His monograph on Sir Thomas More will be published in 2013 by the University of Notre Dame Press. He is also co-editor, with Greg Walker, of The Oxford Handbook of Tudor Drama (Oxford University Press, 2012).
Joseph L. Black is Professor in the Department of English at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He has published on various aspects of Renaissance literature, pamphlet warfare, and book history, and his books include The Martin Marprelate Tracts (Cambridge University Press, 2008) and co-edited collections and anthologies: Private Libraries of Renaissance England, vol. 7 (MRTS, 2009), The Broadview Anthology of British Literature, vol. 2: The Renaissance and Early Seventeenth Century (Broadview, 2006), and The Broadview Anthology of Seventeenth-Century English Verse and Prose (Broadview, 2000). He is currently co-editing The Library of the Sidney Family of Penshurst Place and further volumes in the Private Libraries of Renaissance England series.
Gordon Braden is Linden Kent Memorial Professor of English at the University of Virginia. He is author of Renaissance Tragedy and the Senecan Tradition (Yale University Press, 1985), Petrarchan Love and the Continental Renaissance (Yale University Press, 1999), and (with William Kerrigan) The Idea of the Renaissance (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989), and (with Robert Cummings and Stuart Gillespie) editor of the second volume (1550–1660) of The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English (Oxford University Press, 2010).
Dermot Cavanagh teaches literature at the University of Edinburgh. He is the author of Language and Politics in the Sixteenth-Century History Play (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) and co-editor (with Stuart-Hampton Reeves and Stephen Longstaffe) of Shakespeare’s Histories and Counter Histories (Manchester University Press, 2006). He is currently editing King John for the third edition of the Norton Shakespeare.
Danielle Clarke is Professor of English Renaissance Language and Literature at University College Dublin, and has published widely on early modern women’s writing, as well as gender, sexuality, and language in the Renaissance. Her most recent book is Teaching the Early Modern Period, edited with Derval Conroy (Palgrave Macmillan), and she is currently working on a book-length project on the negotiation and form, genre, and language in women’s poetry of the Renaissance.
Nandini Das is Professor of Renaissance Literature at the School of English, University of Liverpool. She has written on a range of subjects, from Renaissance prose fiction and cross-cultural encounters, to the development of early eighteenth-century Orientalism. Her recent publications include Robert Greene’s Planetomachia (Ashgate, 2007) and Renaissance Romance: The Transformation of English Prose Fiction, 1570–1620 (Ashgate, 2011), along with essays on Richard Hakluyt and early modern travel. Das is volume editor of ‘Elizabethan Levant Trade and South Asia’ in the forthcoming complete edition of Richard Hakluyt’s The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (1598–1600), ed. Daniel Carey and Claire Jowitt (Oxford University Press) and is currently working on a project on Renaissance travel and cultural memory.
Caroline Erskine has recently co-edited, with Roger Mason, a volume on George Buchanan: Political Thought in Early Modern Europe and the Atlantic World (Ashgate, 2012), and is also co-editor of Scotland: The Making and Unmaking of the Nation, c.1100–1707 (Dundee University Press, 2007). Her interests lie primarily in political traditions and historical narratives of resistance as an aspect of the Scottish Reformation, and the transmission and reception of these through to the seventeenth century. Her current research focuses on John Knox’s History of the Reformation and George Buchanan’s Rerum Scoticarum Historia as particularly important repositories of this line of thought.
Thomas S. Freeman was Research Officer for the British Academy John Foxe Project. He is currently a Research Fellow with the Faculty of Divinity at Cambridge University and a Visiting Lecturer at the University of Essex. He is the co-author (with Elizabeth Evenden) of Religion and the Book in Early Modern England: The Making of Foxe’s ‘Book of Martyrs’ (Cambridge University Press, 2011) and the co-editor of four books on early modern British history.
Angus Gowland is Reader in Intellectual History at University College London. He is the author of The Worlds of Renaissance Melancholy: Robert Burton in Context (Cambridge University Press, 2006), and of articles on the early modern understanding of melancholy.
Andrew Hadfield is Professor of English at the University of Sussex, Visiting Professor at the University of Granada, and Founding Director of the Centre for Early Modern Studies at Sussex. He is the author of a number of works on early modern literature, including Shakespeare and Republicanism (Cambridge University Press, 2005; paperback, 2008); Literature, Travel and Colonialism in the English Renaissance, 1540–1625 (Oxford University Press, 1998; paperback, 2007); Spenser’s Irish Experience: Wilde Fruyt and Salvage Soyl (Oxford University Press, 1997); and Literature, Politics and National Identity: Reformation to Renaissance (Cambridge University Press, 1994). He has also edited, with Matthew Dimmock, Religions of the Book: Co-existence and Conflict, 1400–1660 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008); with Raymond Gillespie, The Oxford History of the Irish Book, Vol. III: The Irish Book in English, 1550–1800 (Oxford University Press, 2006); and with Paul Hammond, Shakespeare and Renaissance Europe (Cengage, Arden Critical Companions, 2004); and Literature and Censorship in Renaissance England (Palgrave Macmillan, 2001). He was editor of Renaissance Studies (2006–11) and is a regular reviewer for The Times Literary Supplement.
Kevin Killeen is Lecturer in Renaissance Literature at the University of York. He is the author of Biblical Scholarship, Science and Politics in Early Modern England: Thomas Browne and the Thorny Place of Knowledge (Ashgate, 2009) and the co-editor of Biblical Exegesis and the Emergence of Science in the Early Modern Era (Palgrave Macmillan, 2007). He has published on early modern science, intellectual history, and the uses of the Bible in early modern England.
Mary Ellen Lamb is Professor of English at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. She is the author of The Popular Culture of Shakespeare, Spenser, and Jonson (Routledge, 2006), and co-editor of Staging Early Modern Romance: Prose Fiction, Dramatic Romance, and Shakespeare (Routledge, 2009) and Oral Traditions and Gender in Early Modern Literary Texts (Ashgate, 2008). She has published essays in such journals as English Literary Renaissance, Shakespeare Quarterly, Shakespeare Survey, Criticism, and Review of English Studies. She is the editor of the Sidney Journal and serves on the editorial board of English Literary Renaissance. Her abridgement of The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania (2011), with modernized spelling, is now available from the Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies.
Peter McCullough is Fellow and Tutor in English at Lincoln College and Professor of English at Oxford University. He specializes in the religious and literary history of early modern England. In addition to articles on Andrewes, Donne, Milton, Shakespeare, and the London book trade, he is author of Sermons at Court: Politics and Religion in Elizabethan and Jacobean Preaching (Cambridge University Press, 1996), editor of Lancelot Andrewes: Selected Sermons and Lectures (Oxford University Press, 2005) and The Oxford Handbook of the Early Modern Sermon (Oxford University Press, 2011, with Hugh Adlington and Emma Rhatigan), and General Editor of The Oxford Edition of the Sermons of John Donne. He is also Lay Canon of St Paul’s Cathedral, with Chapter portfolio for cathedral history and its interpretation.
Nicholas McDowell is Professor of English at the University of Exeter. His visiting positions have included Membership of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (2009). He is the author of The English Radical Imagination: Culture, Religion, and Revolution, 1630–1660 (Oxford University Press, 2003) and Poetry and Allegiance in the English Civil Wars: Marvell and the Cause of Wit (Oxford University Press, 2008). He is the co-editor of The Oxford Handbook of Milton (Oxford University Press, 2009; paperback, 2011) and The Oxford Complete Works of John Milton. Volume VI: Vernacular Regicide and Republican Tracts (Oxford University Press, 2013), for which he has edited The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, Articles of Peace Made and Concluded with the Irish Rebels, and Eikonoklastes. He is currently writing an intellectual biography of Milton for Princeton University Press and editing The Oxford Handbook of English Prose, 1640–1714. In 2007 he was awarded a Philip Leverhulme Prize by the Leverhulme Trust.
Peter Mack is Director of the Warburg Institute, Professor of the History of the Classical Tradition, University of London, and Professor of English, University of Warwick. His books include Renaissance Argument: Valla and Agricola in the Traditions of Rhetoric and Dialectic (Brill, 1993), Elizabethan Rhetoric: Theory and Practice (Cambridge University Press, 2002), Reading and Rhetoric in Montaigne and Shakespeare (Bloomsbury, 2010), and A History of Renaissance Rhetoric, 1380–1620 (Oxford University Press, 2011).
R. W. Maslen is Senior Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Glasgow. He has published books on early modern prose fiction and Shakespeare’s comedies, edited Sidney’s Apology for Poetry and Middleton and Dekker’s News from Gravesend, and written many essays on Renaissance literature and drama. He is also interested in fantastic fiction of the twentieth century.
P. G. Maxwell-Stuart is Reader in Mediaeval and Early Modern History at the University of St Andrews. He specializes in the field of the occult sciences and his recent publications include Astrology: From Ancient Babylon to the Present (Amberley Publications, 2010) and Witch Beliefs and Witch Trials in the Middle Ages (Continuum, 2010). He has just finished a book on poltergeists and is working on a study of the Evil Eye.
Susannah Brietz Monta is John Cardinal O’Hara, C.S.C. and Glynn Family Honors Associate Professor of English and Editor of Religion and Literature at the University of Notre Dame. Her book, Martyrdom and Literature in Early Modern England (Cambridge University Press, 2005; paperback, 2009), won the Book of the Year award from the MLA-affiliated Conference on Christianity and Literature. With Margaret W. Ferguson, she edited Teaching Early Modern English Prose (MLA, 2010), and is preparing an edition of Anthony Copley’s A Fig for Fortune (1596), the first published response to Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene, for Manchester University Press. Her current project examines the devotional and aesthetic uses of repetition in early modern prayer, poetry, and rhetoric. Her published articles focus on history plays, early modern women writers and patronesses, martyrology, hagiography, devotional poetry and prose, and providential narratives.
Helen Moore is Fellow and Tutor in English at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and CUF lecturer in the Faculty of English, University of Oxford. She works at the interface of early modern English and continental literary cultures, and has published on romance, drama, translation, and reception. Most recently she has co-edited Classical Literary Careers and their Reception (Cambridge University Press, 2010) and Manifold Greatness: The Making of the King James Bible (Bodleian Library Publishing, 2011).
Ian Munro is Associate Professor of Drama at the University of California, Irvine. He is author of The Figure of the Crowd in Early Modern London: The City and Its Double (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005) and editor of ‘A womans answer is neuer to seke’: Early Modern Jestbooks, 1526–1635 (Ashgate, 2007), part of the ‘Early Modern Englishwoman’ facsimile series. He is currently working on a project about early modern wit and jesting.
Catherine Nicholson is Assistant Professor of English Literature at Yale University. She teaches and writes about sixteenth-century literature and literary criticism, especially the intersection of classical rhetorical theory and experiments in vernacular style. She has published essays on Spenser, Shakespeare, and Marlowe, and her book, Uncommon Tongues: Eloquence and Eccentricity in the English Renaissance, is forthcoming from the University of Pennsylvania Press.
Anne Lake Prescott is Helen Goodhart Altschul Professor of English Emerita at Barnard College, Columbia University. A former president of the Sixteenth Century Society and of the Spenser Society, she is the incoming president of the John Donne Society. The author of French Poets and the English Renaissance (Yale University Press, 1978) and Imagining Rabelais in Renaissance England (Yale University Press, 1998), she is editing (with Andrew Hadfield) the new Norton Critical Edition of Spenser. She and Betty Travitsky co-edited an Ashgate series of texts by early modern Englishwomen. Two recent essays won prizes: ‘“Formes of Joy and Art”: Donne, David, and the Power of Music’ (John Donne Journal, 2006) and ‘Mary Sidney’s Ruins of Rome’ (Sidney Journal, 2006). Her most recent essays include two on Thomas More and one on the English Sidneys and the French Chéron siblings as interpreters of the psalms (in Psalms in the Early Modern World, ed. Linda Austern et al., Ashgate, 2011). Forthcoming essays include two on Saul in the Renaissance and another on David and upward mobility for Renaissance Quarterly, as well as work on Ronsard, jest books (for the Oxford Guide to Tudor Prose), Du Bellay and Shakespeare’s sonnets, and early modern polemics’ contribution to the creation of public space.
Claire Preston is Professor of Early Modern Literature at the University of Birmingham. She has published widely on early modern topics (including the literary-scientific, word and image studies, and Renaissance rhetoric) and on American Gilded Age fiction (including Edith Wharton, Theodore Dreiser, and William Dean Howells). Her recent work includes essays on Spenser and the visual arts, seventeenth-century scientific correspondence, the Renaissance reception of classical scientific and speculative writing, and the poetics of early modern drainage; her recent books include Thomas Browne and the Writing of Early-Modern Science (Cambridge University Press, 2005), Bee (Reaktion, 2006), and (with Reid Barbour), Sir Thomas Browne: The World Proposed (Oxford University Press, 2008). She is completing a study of literature and scientific investigation in the long seventeenth century, and is general editor of the Oxford complete works of Sir Thomas Browne (8 volumes, forthcoming 2015–18), a project for which she currently holds major AHRC funding. She is the recipient of the British Academy’s Rose Mary Crawshay Prize, a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship, and a British Academy Research Development Award.
Joad Raymond is Professor of Renaissance Studies at Queen Mary, University of London. In addition to articles on early modern literature, politics, and print culture, he is the author of The Invention of the Newspaper (Oxford University Press, 1996), Pamphlets and Pamphleteering in Early Modern Britain (Cambridge University Press, 2003), and Milton’s Angels: The Early Modern Imagination (Oxford University Press, 2010), and editor of The Oxford History of Popular Print Culture, vol. 1: Cheap Print in Britain and Ireland to 1660 (Oxford University Press, 2011). He is currently editing Milton’s Latin defences for the Oxford Complete Works of John Milton and directing an international collaborative project on news networks in early modern Europe.
Neil Rhodes is Professor of English Literature and Cultural History at the University of St Andrews. He is co-General Editor, with Andrew Hadfield, of the MHRA Tudor and Stuart Translations. His publications include, with Chris Jones, Sound Effects: The Oral/Aural Dimensions of Literature in English, a special issue of Oral Tradition (2009), and Shakespeare and the Origins of English (Oxford University Press, 2004).
Jennifer Richards is Professor of Early Modern Literature and Culture at Newcastle University. She is the author of Rhetoric and Courtliness in Early Modern England (Cambridge University Press, 2003), and Rhetoric: The New Critical Idiom (Routledge, 2007) as well as essays on sixteenth-century literature and culture in Criticism, Renaissance Quarterly, Huntington Library Quarterly, and The Journal of the History of Ideas. She has edited several collections of essays, including Early Modern Civil Discourses (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), and most recently, with Fred Schurink, The Textuality and Materiality of Reading (a special issue of Huntington Library Quarterly, 2010). With Professor Andrew Hadfield she is editing the works of Thomas Nashe for a new edition to be published by Oxford University Press in 2015 and she is writing a new monograph, Useful Books: Literature and Health in Early Modern England.
Catherine Richardson is Reader in Renaissance Studies at the University of Kent. Her research focuses on the material experience of daily life in early modern England—on the way material and textual cultures relate to one another; on things and the stories people tell about them. She writes about the household and its furniture and furnishing and about the social, moral, and personal significance of clothing. She is the author of Domestic Life and Domestic Tragedy: The Material Life of the Household (Manchester University Press, 2006) and Shakespeare and Material Culture (Oxford University Press, 2011), as well as the editor of Clothing Culture, 1350–1650 (Ashgate, 2004) and, with Tara Hamling, Everyday Objects: Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture and its Meanings (Ashgate, 2010).
Paul Salzman is Professor of English Literature at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. He has published widely in the area of early modern prose fiction, women’s writing, and literary history. Recent books include Reading Early Modern Women’s Writing (Oxford University Press, 2006), and he has also just completed an online edition of Mary Wroth’s poetry <http://wroth.latrobe.edu.au/>. He is currently writing a book on literature and politics in the 1620s.
Alexander Samson is a Lecturer in Golden Age Literature at University College London. His research interests include the early colonial history of the Americas, Anglo-Spanish intercultural relations, and early modern English and Spanish drama. His recent publications include edited volumes on The Spanish Match: Prince Charles’s Journey to Madrid, 1623 (Ashgate, 2006), with Jonathan Thacker, A Companion to Lope de Vega (Tamesis, 2008) and Gardens and Horitculture in Early Modern Europe, a special issue of Renaisance Studies (2011), as well as articles on the marriage of Philip II and Mary Tudor, historiography and royal chroniclers in sixteenth-century Spain, English travel writers, firearms, maps, John Fletcher and Cervantes, and female Golden Age dramatists. His book Mary Tudor and the Habsburg Marriage: England and Spain 1553–1557 and an edition of Lope de Vega’s Lo fingido verdadero, with Manchester University Press, are forthcoming. He runs the Golden Age and Renaissance Research Seminar and is co-director of UCL’s Centre for Early Modern Exchanges.
Jason Scott-Warren is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of English, University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College. He is the author of Sir John Harington and the Book as Gift (Oxford University Press, 2001), Early Modern English Literature (Polity Press, 2005), and numerous studies of early modern textual circulation and cultural history. In 2009 he co-founded the Cambridge Centre for Material Texts <http://www.english.cam.ac.uk/cmt/>, of which he is currently the Director.
Cathy Shrank is Professor of Tudor and Renaissance Literature at the University of Sheffield. Her publications include Writing the Nation in Reformation England, 1530–1580 (Oxford University Press, 2004, 2006) and essays and articles on various sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century topics, including language reform, civility, travel writing, cheap print, and mid-sixteenth-century sonnets. She is the co-editor, with Mike Pincombe, of the Oxford Handbook of Tudor Literature, 1485–1603 (Oxford University Press, 2009). Current projects include a monograph about non-dramatic dialogues and, with Raphael Lyne, an edition of Shakespeare’s poems for Longman Annotated English Poets.
Adam Smyth is a Senior Lecturer in English Literature at Birkbeck College, University of London, specializing in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century literature and culture. His latest book is Autobiography in Early Modern England (Cambridge University Press, 2010). He has also published Profit and Delight: Printed Miscellanies in England, 1640–82 (Wayne State University Press, 2004) and edited A Pleasing Sinne: Drink and Conviviality in Seventeenth-Century England (Boydell and Brewer, 2004), in addition to writing many articles on the literature and history of early modern England. He is currently working on a book on the ways in which early modern readers cut up, burnt, recycled, and variously remade their books.
Alan Stewart is Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University, and International Director of the Centre for Editing Lives and Letters in London. He is the author of Close Readers: Humanism and Sodomy in Early Modern England (Princeton University Press, 1997); Hostage to Fortune: The Troubled Life of Francis Bacon (with Lisa Jardine, Victor Gollancz, 1998); Philip Sidney: A Double Life (Chatto & Windus, 2000); The Cradle King: A Life of James VI and I (Chatto & Windus, 2003); Letterwriting in Shakespeare’s England (with Heather Wolfe, Folger Shakespeare Library, 2004); and Shakespeare’s Letters (Oxford University Press, 2008). Recent publications include his edition of Bacon’s early writings from 1584–1596 for the Oxford Francis Bacon (Oxford University Press, 2012) and the three-volume Encyclopedia of English Renaissance Literature, co-general edited with Garrett Sullivan (Blackwell, 2012). He is currently working on a new project entitled French Shakespeare.
Daniel Swift is Senior Lecturer for English at the New College of the Humanities, London. He is the author of Bomber County (Hamish Hamilton) and Shakespeare’s Common Prayers (Oxford University Press).
Bart van Es is Fellow and Lecturer in English at St Catherine’s College, University of Oxford. He is the author of Spenser’s Forms of History (Oxford University Press, 2002) and A Critical Companion to Spenser Studies (Palgrave Macmillan, 2006). In addition to his work on Spenser he has published articles on Shakespeare, Daniel, Drayton, Renaissance historiography, and pastoral poetry. Essays by him appear in various Oxford Handbooks, including that on Holinshed’s Chronicles. He is also the author of the chapter on Classical history and biography in the forthcoming Oxford History of Classical Reception in English Literature. His book on Renaissance drama, Shakespeare in Company, was published by Oxford University Press in 2013.
Katharine Wilson has taught at Newcastle University and the University of Oxford. She is the author of Fictions of Authorship in Late Elizabethan Narratives: Euphues in Arcadia (Oxford University Press, 2006). She has written essays on early modern fiction, especially the works of Lyly and Greene, and has contributed to Writing Robert Greene, edited by Kirk Melnikoff and Edward Gieskes (Ashgate, 2008), and The Oxford Handbook of Tudor Literature, 1485–1603, edited by Mike Pincombe and Cathy Shrank (Oxford University Press, 2009).
H. R. Woudhuysen is Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford. He has edited The Penguin Book of Renaissance Verse, 1509–1659 (Penguin, 1992) with David Norbrook and has published a study of Sir Philip Sidney and the Circulation of Manuscripts, 1558–1640 (Oxford University Press, 1996). One of the General Editors of the Arden Shakespeare Third Series, he edited Love’s Labour’s Lost (1998) and, with Katherine Duncan-Jones, Shakespeare’s Poems (2007) for the series. In 2010, The Oxford Companion to the Book was published, for which he and Michael F. Suarez, SJ, acted as General Editors. He has been closely involved in the Catalogue of English Literary Manuscripts, 1450–1700, a project which has created a freely accessible online record of surviving manuscript sources for over 230 major British authors, including Gabriel Harvey.