Abell, F., Krams, M., Ashburner, J., Passingham, R., Friston, K., Frackowiak, R., Happe, F., Frith, C. and Frith, U. (1999), “The neuroanatomy of autism: a voxel-based whole brain analysis of structural scans,” Cognitive Neuroscience 10, pp. 1647–51.
Aboitiz, F., Scheibel, A.B., Fisher, R.S. and Zaidel, E. (1992), “Fiber composition of the human corpus callosum,” Brain Research 598, pp. 143–53.
Adolphs, R. (2001), “The neurobiology of social cognition,” Current Opinions in Neurobiology 11, pp. 231–9.
Ahlgren, A. and Johnson, D.W. (1979), “Sex differences in cooperative and competitive attitudes from the 2nd to the 12th grades,” Developmental Psychology 15, pp. 45–9.
Allen, L.S. and Gorski, R.A. (1991), “Sexual dimorphism of the anterior commissure and massa intermedia of the human brain,” Journal of Comparative Neurology 312, pp. 97–104.
Allen, L.S., Hines, M., Shryne, J.E. and Gorski, R.A. (1989), “Two sexually dimorphic cell groups in the human brain,” Journal of Neuroscience 9, pp. 497–506. Allen, L.S., Richey, M.F., Chai, Y.M. and Gorski, R.A. (1991), “Sex differences in the corpus callosum of the living human being,” Journal of Neuroscience 11, pp.933–42.
Altmann, J., Alberts, S.C., Haines, S.A., Dubach, J., Muruthi, P., Coote, T. and Andersson, M. (1994), Sexual Selection, Princeton University Press.
Ankney, C.D. (1992), “Sex differences in relative brain size: the mismeasure of woman, too?” Intelligence 16, pp.329–36.
APA (1994), DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn, Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association.
Asperger, H. (1944), “Die ‘Autistischen Psychopathen’ im Kindesalter,” Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 117, pp.76–136.
Atran, S. (1994), “Core domains versus scientific theories: evidence from systemat-ics and Itza-Maya folkbiology” in L.A. Hirschfeld and S.A. Gelman (eds.), Map ping the Mind: Domain Specificity in Cognition and Culture, New York, Cambridge University Press.
Attwood, A. (1999), Asperger Syndrome, London, Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Bailey, A., Bolton, P., Rutter, M. and the International Molecular Genetic Consortium (1998), “A full genome screen for autism with evidence for linkage to a region on chromosome 7q,” Human Molecular Genetics 7, pp.571–8.
Bailey, T., Le Couteur, A., Gottesman, I., Bolton, P., Simonoff, E., Yuzda, E. and Rutter, M. (1995), “Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study,” Psychological Medicine 25, pp.63–77.
Barkley, A., Ullman, G., Otto, L. and Brecht, M. (1977), “The effects of sex-typing and sex-appropriateness of modeled behavior on children’s imitation,” Child Development 48, pp.721–5.
Baron-Cohen, S. (1988), “Social and pragmatic deficits in autism: cognitive or affective?” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 18, pp.379–402.
______(1991), “Do people with autism understand what causes emotion?” Child Development 62, pp.385–95.
______(1995), Mindblindness: An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind, Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press/Bradford Books.
______(1999), “The extreme male brain theory of autism” in H. Tager-Flusberg (ed.), Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press.
______(2000), “The cognitive neuroscience of autism: implications for the evolution of the male brain” in M. Gazzaniga (ed.), The Cognitive Neurosciences, 2nd edn, Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press.
______(2002), “The extreme male brain theory of autism,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6, pp.248–54.
Baron-Cohen, S., Allen, J. and Gillberg, C. (1992), “Can autism be detected at 18 months? The needle, the haystack, and the CHAT,” British Journal of Psychiatry 161, pp.839–43.
Baron-Cohen, S. and Bolton, P. (1993), Autism: The Facts, Oxford University Press.
Baron-Cohen, S., Bolton, P., Wheelwright, S., Scahill, V., Short, L., Mead, G. and Smith, A. (1998), “Does autism occur more often in families of physicists, engineers, and mathematicians?,” Autism 2, pp.296–301.
Baron-Cohen, S. and Hammer, J. (1997a), “Parents of children with Asperger Syndrome: what is the broader phenotype?,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 9, pp.548–54.
______(1997b), “Is autism an extreme form of the male brain?,” Advances in Infancy Research 11, pp.193–217.
Baron-Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C. and Robertson, M. (1997), “Another advanced test of theory of mind: evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 38, pp.813–22.
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A.M. and Frith, U., “Does the autistic child have a ‘theory of mind?’” Cognition 21, pp.37–46.
Baron-Cohen, S., O’Riordan, M., Jones, R., Stone, V. and Plaisted, K. (1999), “Recognition of faux pas by normally developing children and children with Asperger Syndrome or high-functioning autism,” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 29, pp.407–18.
Baron-Cohen, S., Richler, J., Bisarya, D., Gurunathan, N. and Wheelwright, S. (2003), “The systemising quotient (SQ): an investigation of adults with Asperger Syndrome or high-functioning autism, and normal sex differences,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B, special issue on “Autism: Mind and Brain,” 358, (1430), 361–740.
Baron-Cohen, S., Ring, H., Bullmore, E., Wheelwright, S., Ashwin, C. and Williams, S. (2000), “The amygdala theory of autism,” Neuroscience and Behavioural Reviews 24, pp.355–64.
Baron-Cohen, S., Ring, H., Moriarty, J., Schmitz, B., Costa, D. and Ell, P. (1994), “Recognition of mental state terms: a clinical study of autism, and a functional neuroimaging study of normal adults,” British Journal of Psychiatry 165, pp.640–49.
Baron-Cohen, S., Ring, H., Wheelwright, S., Bullmore, E., Brammer, M., Simmons, A. and Williams, S. (1999), “Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: an fMRI study,” European Journal of Neuroscience 11, pp.1891–8.
Baron-Cohen, S. and Wheelwright, S. (1999), “Obsessions in children with autism or Asperger Syndrome: a content analysis in terms of core domains of cognition,” British Journal of Psychiatry 175, pp.484–90.
______(in press), “The friendship and relationship questionnaire (FQ): An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, and normal sex differences,” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Cox, A., Baird, G., Charman, T., Swettenham, J., Drew, A. and Doehring, P. (2000), “The early identification of autism: the checklist for autism in toddlers (CHAT),” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 93, pp.521–5.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Griffin, R., Lawson, J. and Hill, J. (2002) “The exact mind: empathising and systemising in autism spectrum conditions,” in U. Goswami (ed.), Handbook of Cognitive Development, Oxford, Blackwell.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. and Hill, J. (2001) “The ‘reading the mind in the eyes’ test, revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with
Asperger Syndrome or high-functioning autism,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 42, pp.241–52.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. and Jolliffe, T. (1997), “Is there a “language of the eyes”? Evidence from normal adults and adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome,” Visual Cognition 4, pp.311–31.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Scahill, V., Spong, A. and Lawson, J. (2001), “Are intuitive physics and intuitive psychology independent? A test with children with Asperger Syndrome,” Journal of Developmental and Learning Disorders 5, pp.47–78.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J. and Clubley, E. (2001), “The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger Syndrome or high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians,” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 31, pp.5–17.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Stone, V. and Rutherford, M. (1999), “A mathematician, a physicist, and a computer scientist with Asperger Syndrome: performance on folk psychology and folk physics test,” Neurocase 5, pp.475–83.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Stott, C., Bolton, P. and Goodyer, I. (1997), “Is there a link between engineering and autism?” Autism 1, pp.101–8.
Basso, A., Capitani, E. and Moraschini, S. (1982), “Sex differences in recovery from aphasia,” Cortex 18, pp.469–75.
Bauman, M. and Kemper, T. (1988) “Limbic and cerebellar abnormalities: consistent findings in infantile autism,” Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 47, p.369.
Baumeister, R.F. and Leary, M.R. (1995), “The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation,” Psychological Bulletin 117, pp.497–529.
Bayley, N. (1965), “Comparisons of mental and motor test scores for ages 1–15 months by sex, birth order, race, geographical location, and education of parents,” Child Development 36, pp.380–411.
Beatty, W.W. and Troster, A.I. (1987), “Gender differences in geographical knowledge,” Sex Roles 16, pp.565–90.
Benbow, C. (1986), “Physiological correlates of extreme intellectual precocity,” Neuropsychologia 24, pp.719–25.
______(1988), “Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability in intellectually talented preadolescents: their nature, effects, and possible causes,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11, pp.169–232.
Benbow, C. and Lubinski, D. (1992), “Psychological profiles of the mathematically talented: some sex differences and evidence supporting their biological basis” in Origins and Development of High Ability, CIBA Foundation Symposium, New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Benbow, C. and Stanley, J. (1983), “Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability: more facts,” Science 222, pp.1029–31.
Benditt, J. (1994), “Women in science. Comparisons across cultures,” Science 263, pp.1391–1496.
Benenson, J.F., Apostoleris, N.H. and Parnass, J. (1997), “Age and sex differences in dyadic and group interaction,” Developmental Psychology 33, pp.538–43.
Berenbaum, S.A. and Snyder, E. (1995), “Early hormonal influences on childhood sex-typed activity and playmate preferences: implications for the development of sexual orientation,” Developmental Psychology 31, pp.31–42.
Berlin, B., Boster, J.S. and O”Neill, J.P. (1981), “The perceptual bases of ethnobiological classification: evidence from Aguaruna Jfvaro ornithology,” Journal of Ethnobiology 1, pp.95–108.
Betzig, L. (1986), Despotism and Differential Reproduction: A Darwinian View of History, New York, Aldine de Gruyter.
______(1981), “Medieval monogamy,” Journal of Family History 20, pp.181–216. ______(1993), “Sex, succession, and stratification in the first six civilizations: how powerful men reproduced, passed power on to their sons, and used power to defend their wealth, women, and children” in L. Ellis (ed.), Social Stratification and Socioeconomic Inequality: A Comparative Biosocial Analysis, vol. 1, Westport, Conn., Praeger.
“Biennial survey of the National Science Foundation” (1991), Science 252, pp.1112–17.
Bishop, K.M. and Wahlsten, D. (1997), “Sex differences in the human corpus callosum: myth or reality?,” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 21, pp.581–601.
Bixo, M., Backstrom, T., Winblad, B. and Andersson, A., “Estradiol and testosterone in specific regions of the human female brain in different endocrine states,” Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 55, pp.297–303.
Blair, R.J. (1995), “A cognitive developmental approach to morality: investigating the psychopath,” Cognition 57, pp.1–29.
Bleecker, M.L., Bolla-Wilson, K. and Meyers, D.A. (1988), “Age-related sex differences in verbal memory,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 44, pp.403–11.
Bleier, R., Houston, L. and Byne, W. (1986), “Can the corpus callosum predict gender, age, handedness, or cognitive differences?” Trends in Neuroscience, September, pp.391–4.
Block, J.H. (1978), “Another look at sex differentiation in the socialization behaviors of mothers and fathers” in J. Sherman and F.L. Denmark (eds.), The Psychology of Women: Future Directions of Research, New York, Psychological Dimensions.
Blyth, J. (1994), “Our jobs and our super-extended phenotypes,” Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems 17, pp.1–8.
Borja-Alvarez, Zarbatany T.L. and Pepper, S. (1991), “Contributions of male and female guests and hosts to peer group entry,” Child Development 62, pp.1079–90.
Bosacki, S. (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), “Theory of mind in preadolescents: relationships among social understanding, self-concept and social relations,” University of Toronto.
Bowlby, J. (1969), Attachment, London, The Hogarth Press.
Brothers, L. (1990), “The social brain: a project for integrating primate behaviour and neurophysiology in a new domain,” Concepts in Neuroscience 1, pp.27–51. Brush, S.G. (1991), “Women in science and engineering,” American Scientist 79, pp.404–19.
Bryden, M., McManus, I. and Bulman-Fleming, M. (1994), “Evaluating the empirical support for the Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda model of cerebral lateralization,” Brain and Cognition 26, pp.103–67.
Buck, R.W., Savin, V.J., Miller, R.E. and Caul, W.F. (1972), “Communication of affect through facial expression in humans,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 23, pp.362–71.
Buss, D.M. (1995), “Psychological sex differences,” American Psychologist 50, pp.164–8.
Buss, D.M., Larsen, R.J., Westen, D. and Semmelroth, J. (1992), “Sex differences in jealousy: evolution, physiology, and psychology,” Psychological Science 3, pp.251–5.
Butterworth, B. (1999), The Mathematical Brain, London, Macmillan.
Cabeza, R. and Nyberg, L. (1997), “Imaging cognition: an empirical review of PET studies with normal subjects,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 9, pp.1–26.
Caddes, C. (1986), Portraits of Success, Palo Alto, Ca., Tioga Press.
Cairns, R.B., Cairns, B.D., Neckerman, H.J., Ferguson, L.L. and Gariepy, J. (1989), “Growth and aggression: 1. Childhood to early adolescence,” Developmental Psychology 25, pp.320–33.
Campbell, A. (1995), “A few good men: evolutionary psychology and female adolescent aggression,” Ethology and Sociobiology 16, pp.99–123.
Casimir, M.J. and Rao, A. (1995), “Prestige, possessions, and progeny: cultural goals and reproductive success among the Bakkarwal,” Human Nature 6, pp.241–72.
Chadwick, J. (1990), The Decipherment of Linear B, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Chagnon, N.A. (1979), “Is reproductive success equal in egalitarian societies?” in N.A. Chagnon, and W. Irons (eds.), Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective, North Scituate, Mass., Duxbury Press. ______(1988), “Life histories, blood revenge, and warfare in a tribal population,” Science 239, pp.985–92.
Chang, K.S.F., Hsu, F.K., Chan, S.T. and Chan, Y.B. (1960), “Scrotal asymmetry and handedness,” Journal of Anatomy 94, pp.543–8.
Charlesworth, W.R. and Dzur, C. (1987), “Gender comparisons of preschoolers’ behavior and resource utilization in group problem-solving,” Child Development 58, pp.191–200.
Charman, T., Ruffman, T. and Clements, W. (2002), “Is there a gender difference in false belief?,” Social Development 11, pp.1–10.
Cheyney, D. and Seyfarth, R. (1992), How Monkeys See the World: Inside the Mind of Another Species, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
Chiron, C., Leboyer, M., Leon, F., Jambaque, I., Nuttin, C. and Syrota, A. (1995), “SPECT of the brain in childhood autism: evidence for a lack of normal hemispheric asymmetry,” Developmental Medicine and Childhood Neurology 37, pp.849–60.
Christie, J.F. and Johnsen, E.P. (1987), “Reconceptualizing constructive play: a review of the empirical literature,” Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 33, pp.439–52.
Cohen, L.B. and Gelber, E.R. (1975), “Infant visual memory” in L.B. Cohen and P. Salapatek (eds.), Infant Perception: From Sensation to Cognition, New York, Academic Press.
Collaer, M. and Hines, M. (1995), “Human behavioural sex differences: a role for gonadal hormones during early development?” Psychological Bulletin 118, pp.55–107.
Collins, D.W. and Kimura, D. (1997), “A large sex difference on a two-dimensional mental rotation task,” Behavioral Neuroscience 111, pp.845–9.
Condry, J. and Condry, S. (1976), “Sex differences: a study in the eye of the beholder,” Child Development 47, pp.812–19.
Connellan, J., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Ba’tki, A. and Ahluwalia, J. (2001), “Sex differences in human neonatal social perception,” Infant Behavior and Development 23, pp.113–18.
Cooke, B., Tabibnia, G. and Breedlove, S. (1999), “A brain sexual dimorphism controlled by adult circulating androgens,” Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 96, pp.7538–40.
Cosmides, L. (1989), “The logic of social exchange: has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task,” Cognition 31, pp.187–276.
Crick, N.R., Casas, J.F. and Mosher, M. (1997), “Relational and overt aggression in pre-school,” Developmental Psychology 33, pp.579–88.
Crick, N.R. and Grotpeter, J.K. (1995), “Relational aggression, gender, and socialpsychological adjustment,” Child Development 66, pp.710–22.
Crick, N.R. and Ladd, G.W. (1990), “Children’s perceptions of the outcomes of social strategies: do the ends justify being mean?” Developmental Psychology 26, pp.612–26.
Crick, N.R. and Wellman, N.E. (1997), “Social information-processing mechanisms in relational and overt aggression,” Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Washington DC.
Crombie, G. and Desjardins, M.J. (1993), “Predictors of gender: the relative importance of children’s play, games and personality characteristics?,” New Orleans, conference paper, Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD). Dabbs, J., Chang, E., Strong, R. and Milun, R. (1998), “Spatial ability, navigation strategy, and geographic knowledge among men and women,” Evolution and Human Behaviour 19, pp.89–98.
Daly, M. and Wilson, M. (1983), Sex, Evolution and Behavior, Boston, Willard Grant Press.
______(1988), Homicide, New York, Aldine de Gruyter.
Darwin, C. (1871), The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, London, John Murray.
Davis, M.H. (1994), Empathy: A Social Psychological Approach, Social Psychology Series, Colorado, Westview Press.
Dawson, G., Warrenburg, S. and Fuller, P. (1982), “Cerebral lateralization in individuals diagnosed as autistic in early childhood,” Brain and Language 15, pp.353–68.
De Lacoste-Utamsin, M.C. and Holloway, R.L. (1982), “Sexual dimorphism in the human corpus callosum,” Science 216, pp.1431–2.
De Lisi, R., Parameswaran, G. and McGillicuddy-De Lisi, A. (1989), “Age and sex differences in representation of horizontality among children in India,” Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, pp.739–46.
De Waal, F. (1993), “Sex differences in chimpanzee (and human) behavior: a matter of social values?” in M. Hechter, L. Nadel and R.E. Michod (eds.), The Origin of Values, New York, Aldine de Gruyter, pp.285–303.
De Waal, F. (2001), The Ape and the Sushi Master, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books.
DeFries, J., Vandenberg, S. and McClearn, G. (1976), “Genetics of specific cognitive abilities,” Annual Review of Genetics 10, pp.179–207.
Delgado, A.R. and Prieto, G. (1997), “Mental rotation as a mediator for sex-differences in visualization,” Intelligence 24, pp.405–16.
Denckla, M.B. and Rudel, R. (1974), “Rapid ‘automatized’ naming of pictured objects, colors, letters and numbers by normal children,” Cortex 10, pp.186–202. Diamond, A. (1985), “Development of the ability to use recall to guide actions, as indicated by infants’ performance on AB,” Child Development 56, pp.868–83. ______(1988), “Abilities and neural mechanisms underlying AB performance,” Child Development 59, pp.523–7.
Diamond, M.C., Dowling, G.A. and Johnson, R.E. (1981), “Morphological cerebral cortical asymmetry in male and female rats,” Experimental Neurology 71, pp.261–8.
Dimberg, U. and Ohman, A. (1996), “Behold the wrath – psychophysiological responses to facial stimuli,” Motivation and Emotion 20, pp.149–82.
Dodge, K. (1980), “Social cognition and children’s aggressive behaviour,” Child Development 51, pp.162–70.
Dodge, K. and Frame, C. (1982), “Social cognitive biases and deficits in aggressive boys,” Child Development 53, pp.620–35.
Dodge, K., Murphy, R. and Buchsbaum, K. (1984), “The assessment of intention-cue detection skills in children: implications for developmental psychology,” Child Development 55, pp.163–73.
Donovan, J. (1997), “Towards a model relating empathy, charisma, and telepathy,” Journal of Scientific Exploration 11, pp.455–71.
Dreisen, N.R. and Raz, N. (1995), “The influence of sex, age, and handedness on corpus callosum morphology: a meta-analysis,” Psychobiology 23, pp.240–47.
DuBois, P.H. (1939), “The sex difference on the color naming test,” American Journal of Psychology 52, pp.380–82.
Duggan, L. (1950), “An experiment on immediate recall in secondary school children,” British Journal of Psychology 40, pp.149–54.
Dunn, J., Bretherton, I. and Munn, P. (1987), “Conversations about feeling states between mothers and their young children,” Developmental Psychology 23, pp.132–9.
Eagly, A.H. (1987), Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-role Interpretation, Hillsdale, N.J., Erlbaum.
Eals, M. and Silverman, I. (1994), “The hunter-gatherer theory of spatial sex differences: proximate factors mediating the female advantage in recall of object arrays,” Ethology & Sociobiology 15, pp.95–105.
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, J. (1989), Human Ethology, New York, Aldine de Gruyter.
Eisenberg, N. and Lennon, R. (1983), “Sex differences in empathy and related capacities,” Psychological Bulletin 94, pp.100–131.
Elliot, R. (1961), “Interrelationship among measures of field dependence, ability, and personality traits,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 63, pp.27–36.
Ellis, B.J. and Symons, D. (1990), “Sex differences in sexual fantasy: an evolutionary psychological approach,” Journal of Sex Research 27, pp.527–55.
Engelhard, G. (1990), “Gender differences in performance on mathematics items: evidence from USA and Thailand,” Contemporary Educational Psychology 15, pp.13–16.
Erwin, R.J., Gur, R.C., Gur, R.E., Skolnick, B., Mawhinney-Hee M. and Smailis, J. (1992), “Facial emotion discrimination: I. Task construction and behavioral findings in normal subjects,” Psychiatry Research 42, pp.231–40.
Eslinger, P. and Damasio, A. (1985), “Severe disturbance of higher cognition after bilateral frontal lobe ablation: patient EVR,” Neurology 35, pp.1731–41.
Everhart, D., Shucard, J., Quatrin, T. and Shucard, D. (2001), “Sex-related differences in event-related potentials, face recognition, and facial affect processing in prepubertal children,” Neuropsychology, 15, 329–41.
Fagot, B.I. (1978), “The influence of sex of child on parental reactions to toddler children,” Child Development 49, pp.459–65.
Farrow, T., Zheng, Y., Wilkinson, I., Spence, S., Deakin, J., Tarrier, N., Griffiths, P. and Woodruff, P. (2001), “Investigating the functional anatomy of empathy and forgiveness,” NeuroReport 12, pp.2433–8.
Feingold, A. (1988), “Cognitive gender differences are disappearing,” American Psychologist 43 (2), pp.95–103.
Field, T.M. (1978), “Interaction patterns of primary versus secondary caretaker fathers,” Developmental Psychology 14, pp.183–84.
Fine, C. and Blair, J. (2000), “The cognitive and emotional effects of amygdala damage” Neurocase 6, pp.435–50.
Finegan, J, Niccols, G. and Sitarenios, G. (1992) “Relations between prenatal testosterone levels and cognitive abilities at 4 years,” Developmental Psychology 28, pp.1075–89.
Fitch, R. and Denenberg, V. (1995), “The role for ovarian hormones in sexual differentiation of the brain,” Psychology 6, pp.1–12.
Fitzgerald, M. (2002), “Did Isaac Newton have Asperger Syndrome or Disorder?,” European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
Fivush, R. (1989), “Exploring sex differences in the emotional content of mother-child conversations about the past,” Sex Roles 11/12, pp.675–91.
Fletcher, P.C., Happe, F., Frith, U., Baker, S.C., Dolan, R.J., Frackowiak R.S.J. and Frith, C.D. (1995), “Other minds in the brain: a functional imaging study of ‘theory of mind’ in story comprehension,” Cognition 57, pp.109–28.
Flinn, M.V. and Low, B.S. (1986), “Resource distribution, social competition, and mating patterns in human societies” in D.I. Rubenstein and R.W. Wrangham (eds.), Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution: Birds and Mammals, Princeton University Press.
Foley, R.A. and Lee, P.C. (1989), “Finite social space, evolutionary pathways, and reconstructing hominid behavior,” Science 243, pp.901–6.
Folstein, S. and Rutter, M. (1988), “Autism: familial aggregation and genetic implications,” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 18, pp.3–30.
Fonagy, P. (1989), “On tolerating mental states: theory of mind in borderline personality syndrome,” Bulletin of the Anna Freud Centre 12, pp.91–115.
Frith, U. (1989), Autism: Explaining the Enigma, Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
______(1991), Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome, Cambridge University Press.
Frith, U. and Happe, F. (1994), “Autism: beyond ‘theory of mind,’” Cognition 50 pp.115–32.
Frost, J., Binder, J., Springer, J., Hammeke, T., Bellgowan, P., Rao, S. and Cox, R. (1999), “Language processing is strongly left lateralized in both sexes. Evidence from fMRI,” Brain 122, pp.199–208.
Galea, L.A.M. and Kimura, D. (1993), “Sex differences in route learning,” Personality & Individual Differences 14, pp.53–65.
Garai, J.E. and Scheinfeld, A. (1968), “Sex differences in mental and behavioral traits,” Genetic Psychology Monographs 77, pp.169–299.
Garavan, H., Pendergrass, J., Ross, T., Stein, E. and Risinger, R. (2001), “Amygdala response to both positively and negatively valenced stimuli,” NeuroReport 12, pp.2779–83.
Gaulin, S.J.C. (1995), “Does evolutionary theory predict sex differences in the brain?” in M.S. Gazzaniga (ed.), The Cognitive Neurosciences, Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press/Bradford Books.
Geary, D. (1995), “Sexual selection and sex differences in spatial cognition,” Learning and Individual Differences 7, pp.289–301.
______(1996), “Sexual selection and sex differences in mathematical abilities,” Behavioural and Brain Sciences 19, pp.229–84.
______(1998), Male, Female, Washington DC, American Psychological Association.
Geary, D., Saults, S., Liu, F. and Hoard, M. (2000), “Sex differences in spatial cognition, computational fluency, and arithmetical reasoning,” Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 77, pp.337–53.
Geffen, E., Chessman, D.J., Mututua, R.S., Saiyalel, S.N., Wayne, R.K., Lacy, R.C. and Bruford, M.W. (1996), “Behavior predicts genetic structure in a wild primate group,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93, pp.5797–5801.
George, M.S., Ketter, T.A., Parekh, P.I., Herscovitch, P. and Post, R.M. (1996), “Gender differences in regional cerebral blood flow during transient self-induced sadness or happiness,” Biological Psychiatry 40, pp.859–71.
Geschwind, N. and Galaburda, A.M. (1985), “Cerebral lateralization, biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: I. A hypothesis and a program for research,” Archive of Neurology 42, pp.428–59.
______(1987), Cerebral Lateralization, Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press.
Gillberg, C. (1991), “Clinical and neurobiological aspects of Asperger syndrome in six family studies” in U. Frith, Autism and Asperger Syndrome, Cambridge University Press.
Goel, V., Graffman, J., Sadato, N. and Hallett, M. (1995), “Modeling other minds,” NeuroReport 6, pp.1741–6.
Golombok, S. and Fivush, S. (1994), Gender Development, New York, Cambridge University Press.
Goodenough, E. (1957), “Interest in persons as an aspect of sex difference in the early years,” Genetic Psychology Monographs 55, pp.287–323.
Gouchie, C. and Kimura, D. (1991), “The relationship between testosterone levels and cognitive ability patterns,” Psychoneuroendocrinology 16, pp.323–34.
Goy, R.W., Bercovitch, F.B. and McBrair, M.C. (1988), “Behavioral masculinization is independent of genital masculinization in pre-natally androgenized female rhesus macaques,” Hormones and Behavior 22, pp.552–71.
Gray, J. (1993), Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus, New York, Harper-Collins.
Greenblatt, R. (1963), The Hirsute Female. Springfield, Ill., Charles Thomas.
Grimshaw, G., Sitarenios, G. and Finegan, J. (1995), “Mental rotation at 7 years: relations with pre-natal testosterone levels and spatial play experiences,” Brain and Cognition 29, pp.85–100.
Grossi, D., Orsini, A., Monetti, C. and DeMichele, G. (1979), “Sex differences in children’s spatial and verbal memory span,” Cortex 15, pp.667–70.
Gur, R.C., Mozley, L.H., Mozley, P.D., Resnick, S.M., Karp, J.S., Alavi, A., Arnold, S.E. and Gur, R.E. (1995), “Sex differences in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during a resting state,” Science 267, pp.528–31.
Hall, J. (1984), Nonverbal sex differences: communication accuracy and expressive style, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Hall, J.A. (1978), “Gender effects in decoding nonverbal cues,” Psychological Bulletin 85, pp.845–58.
Halpern, D. (1992), Sex differences in cognitive ability, Hillsdale, NJ, Laurence Erlbaum Assoc.
Hampson, E. (1990), “Estrogen-related variations in human spatial and articula-tory-motor skills,” Psychoneuroendocrinology 15, pp.97–111.
Hampson, E., Rovet, J.F. and Altmann, D. (1998), “Spatial reasoning in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency,” Developmental Neuropsychology 14, pp.299–320.
Happe, F. (1994), “An advanced test of theory of mind: understanding of story characters” thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults,” Journal of Autism and Development Disorders 24, pp.129–54.
______(1995), “The role of age and verbal ability in the theory of mind task performance of subjects with autism,” Child Development 66, pp.843–55.
______(1996a), “Studying weak central coherence at low levels: children with autism do not succumb to visual illusions. A research note,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 37, pp.873–7.
______(1996b), Autism, University College London Press.
______(1997), “Central coherence and theory of mind in autism: reading homographs in context,” British Journal of Developmental Psychology 15, pp.1–12.
Happe, F. and Frith, U. (1996), “Theory of mind and social impairment in children with conduct disorder,” British Journal of Developmental Psychology 14, pp.385–98.
Happe, F., Ehlers, S., Fletcher, P., Frith, U., Johansson, M., Gillberg, C., Dolan, R., Frackowiak, R. and Frith, C. (1996), “Theory of mind in the brain. Evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger Syndrome,” NeuroReport, 8, pp.197–201.
Harlow, H. and Harlow, M. (1962), “Social deprivation in monkeys,” Scientific American 207, pp.136ff.
Harris, P., Johnson, C., Hutton, N., Andrews, D. and Cooke, G. (1989), “Young children’s theory of mind and emotion,” Cognition and Emotion 3, pp.379–400. Hartup, W.W., French, D.C., Laursen, B., Johnston, M.K. and Ogawa, J.R. (1993), “Conflict and friendship relations in middle childhood: behavior in a closed-field situation,” Child Development 64, pp.445–54.
Hartup, W.W., and Stevens, N. (1997), “Friendships and adaptation in the life course,” Psychological Bulletin 121, pp.817–18.
Hausman, P. (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), “On the rarity of mathematically and mechanically gifted females,” cited in J. Kleinfeld (1999), http://www.uaf. edu/northern/mitstudy.
Haviland, J.J. and Malatesta, C.Z. (1981), “The development of sex differences in nonverbal signals: fallacies, facts, and fantasies” in C. Mayo and N.M. Henley (eds.), Gender and Nonverbal Behavior, New York, Springer-Verlag, pp.183–208. Hedges, L.V. and Nowell, A. (1995), “Sex differences in mental scores, variability, and numbers of high-scoring individuals,” Science 269, pp.41–5.
Herlitz, A., Nilsson, L.-G. and Backman, L. (1997), “Gender differences in episodic memory,” Memory and Cognition 25, pp.801–11.
Hier, D.B. and Crowley, W.F. (1982), “Spatial ability in androgen-deficient men,” New England Journal of Medicine 306, pp.1202–5.
Hill, K. and Hurtado, A.M. (1996), Ache Life History: The Ecology and Demography of a Foraging People, New York, Aldine de Gruyter.
Hines, M. (1982), “Pre-natal gonadal hormones and sex differences in human behaviour,” Psychological Bulletin 92, pp.56–80.
______(1992), “Cognition and the corpus callosum: verbal fluency, visuospatial ability and language lateralization related to midsagittal surface areas of callosal subregions,” Behavioral Neuroscience 106, pp.3–14.
Hines, M., Allen, L. and Gorski, R. (1992), “Sex differences in subregions of the medial nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of the rat,” Brain Research 579, pp.321–6.
Hines, M. and Kaufman, F.R. (1994), “Androgens and the development of human sex-typical behavior: Rough-and-tumble play and sex of preferred playmates in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH),” Child Development 65, pp.1042–53.
Hoffman, M.L. (1977), “Sex differences in empathy and related behaviors,” Psychological Bulletin 84, pp.712–22.
Holding, C.S. and Holding, D.H. (1989), “Acquisition of route network knowledge by males and females,” Journal of Genetic Psychology 116, pp.29–41.
Holloway, R.L., Anderson, P.J., Defendini, R., Harper, C. (1993), “Sexual dimorphism of the human corpus callosum from three interdependent samples: relative size of the corpus callosum,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 92, pp.481–98.
Holt, S. (1968), The Genetics of Dermal Ridges, Springfield, Ill., Charles C. Thomas.
Hovis, R. and Kragh, H. (1993), “P.A.M. Dirac and the beauty of physics,” Scientific American, May, pp.62–7.
Howard, M., Cowell, P., Boucher, J., Broks, P., Mayes, A., Farrant, A. and Roberts, N. (2000), “Convergent neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence of an amyg-dala hypothesis of autism,” NeuroReport 11, pp.2931–5.
Howes, C. (1988), “Same- and cross-sex friends: implications for interaction and social skills,” Early Childhood Research Quarterly 3, pp.21–37.
Howlin, P. (2001), “Outcome in adult life for more able individuals with autism or Asperger Syndrome,” Autism 4, pp.63–83.
Hrdy, S. (1997), “Raising Darwin’s consciousness: female sexuality and the prehominid origins of patriarchy,” Human Nature 8, pp.1–49.
Huang, C.P. (1986), “Behavior of Swedish primary and secondary caretaking fathers in relation to mother’s presence,” Developmental Psychology 22, pp.749–51.
Hughes, C. and Cutting, A. (1999), “Nature, nurture, and individual differences in early understanding of mind,” Psychological Science 10, pp.429–33.
Hunt, E., Lunneborg C. and Lewis, J. (1975), “What does it mean to be high verbal?,” Cognitive Psychology 7, pp.194–227.
Huston, A.C. (1983), “Sex Typing,” in P. Mussen (ed.) Socialization, personality, and social development. Vol.4, New York, John Wiley.
Hutt, C. (1972), “Sex differences in human development,” Human Development 15, pp.153–70.
Huttonlocher, J., Haights, W., Bryk, A., Seltzer, M. and Lyons, T. (1991), “Early vocabulary growth: relation to language input and gender,” Developmental Psychology 27, pp.236–48.
Hyde, J.S., Fennema, E. and Lamon, S.J. (1990) “Gender differences in mathematics performance: a meta-analysis,” Psychological Bulletin 107, pp.139–55. Hyde, J.S., Geiringer, E.R. and Yen, M.W. (1975), “On the empirical relation between spatial ability and sex differences in other aspects of cognitive performance,” Multivariate Behavioural Research 10, pp.289–309.
Hyde, J.S. and Linn, M.C. (1988), “Gender differences in verbal ability: a metaanalysis,” Psychological Bulletin 104, pp.53–69.
ICD–10 (1994), International Classification of Diseases, 10th edn, Geneva Switzerland, World Health Organization.
Irons, W. (1979), “Cultural and biological success” in N.A. Chagnon and W. Irons (eds.), Natural Selection and Social Behavior, North Scituate, Mass., Duxbury Press.
Jacobson, C.D., Csernus, V.J., Shryne, J.E. and Gorski, R.A. (1981), “The influence of gonadectomy, androgen exposure, or a gonadal graft in the neonatal rat on the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area,” Journal of Neuroscience 1, pp.1142–7.
James, I. (2003), “Six singular scientists: Newton, Cavendish, Einstein, Curie, Dirac, Yukama,” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96, pp. 36–9.
James, T.W. and Kimura, D. (1997), “Sex differences in remembering the locations of objects in an array: location-shifts versus local exchanges,” Evolution and Human Behavior 18, pp.155–63.
Jancke, L., Schlaug, G., Huang, Y. and Steinmetz, H. (1994), “Asymmetry of the planum parietale,” NeuroReport 5, pp.1161–3.
Janowsky, J.S., Oviatt, S.K. and Orwoll, E.S. (1994), “Testosterone influences spatial cognition in older men,” Behavioral Neuroscience 108, pp.325–32.
Jardine, R. and Martin, N.G. (1983), “Spatial ability and throwing accuracy,” Behavior Genetics 13, pp.331–40.
Jarvinen, D.W. and Bucgikksm, G.H., (1996), “Adolescents” social goals, beliefs about the causes of social success, and satisfaction in peer relations,” Developmental Psychology 32, pp.435–41.
Jennings, K.D. (1977), “People versus object orientation in preschool children: do sex differences really occur?,” Journal of Genetic Psychology 131, pp.65–73.
Jensen, A.R. and Reynolds, C.R. (1983), “Sex differences on the WISC-R,” Personality and Individual Differences 4, pp.223–6.
Johnson, E.S. and Meade, A.C. (1987), “Developmental patterns of spatial ability: an early sex difference,” Child Development 58, pp.725–40.
Jolliffe, T. and Baron-Cohen, S. (1997), “Are people with autism or Asperger’s Syndrome faster than normal on the Embedded Figures Task?,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 38, pp.527–34.
Just, M.A. and Carpenter, P.A. (1985), “Cognitive coordinate system: accounts of mental rotation and individual differences in spatial ability,” Psychological Review 92, pp.137–72.
Kalichman, S.C. (1989), “The effects of stimulus context on paper-and-pencil spatial task performance,” Journal of General Psychology 116, pp.133–9.
Karmiloff-Smith, A., Grant, J., Belluji, U. and Baron-Cohen, S. (1995), “Is there a social module? Language, face-processing, and theory of mind in Williams’ Syndrome and autism,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 7, pp.196–208.
Keely, L.H. (1996), War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage, New York, Oxford University Press.
Kerns, K.A. and Berenbaum, S.A. (1991), “Sex differences in spatial ability in children,” Behavior Genetics 21, pp.383–96.
Killgore, W., Oki, M. and Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2001), “Sex-specific developmental changes in amygdala responses to affective faces,” NeuroReport 12, pp.427–33. Kimball, M.M. (1989), “A new perspective on women’s math achievement,” Psychological Bulletin 105, pp.198–214.
Kimura, D. (1961), “Cerebral dominance and the perception of verbal stimuli,” Canadian Journal of Psychology 15, pp.166–71.
______(1966), “Dual functional asymmetry of the brain in visual perception,” Neuropsychologia 4, pp.275–85.
______(1987), “Are men’s and women’s brains really different?” Canadian Psychology 28, pp.133–47.
______(1994), “Body asymmetry and intellectual pattern,” Personality & Individual Differences 17, pp.53–60.
______(1996), “Sex, sexual orientation and sex hormones influence human cognitive function,” Current Opinion in Neurobiology 6, pp.259–63.
______(1999), Sex and Cognition, Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press.
Kimura, D. and Carson, M. (1995), “Dermatoglyphic asymmetry: relation to sex, handedness, and cognitive pattern,” Personality and Individual Differences 19, pp.471–8.
Kimura, D. and Harshman, R.A. (1984), “Sex differences in brain organization for verbal and non-verbal functions” in G.J. DeVries, J.P.C. DeBruin, H.B.M. Uylings and M.A. Corner (eds.), Sex Differences in the Brain. Progress in Brain Research, Amsterdam, Elsevier.
Kimura, D., Saucier, D.M. and Matuk, R. (1996), “Women name both colors and forms faster than men,” Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 22, pp.1860ff.
Knauft, B.M. (1987), “Reconsidering violence in simple human societies: homicide among the Debusi of New Guinea,” Current Anthropology 28, pp.457–500. Knickmeyer, R., Baron-Cohen, S. and Raggatt, P. (unpublished MS), “Foetal Testosterone, Social Cognition, and Restricted Interests in Children,” University of Cambridge.
Knickmeyer, R., Baron-Cohen, S. and Wheelwright, S. (unpublished MS), “The tomboyism quotient (TQ),” University of Cambridge.
Knight, G.P., Fabes, R.A. and Higgins, D.A. (1989), “Gender differences in the cooperative, competitive, and individualistic social values of children,” Motivation and Emotion 13, pp.125–41.
Kochanska, G., Murray, K., Jacques, T.Y., Koenig, A.L. and Vandegeest, K.A. (1996), “Inhibitory control in young children and its role in emerging internalization,” Child Development 67, pp.490–507.
Kolakowski, D. and Malina, R.M. (1974), “Spatial ability, throwing accuracy and man’s hunting heritage,” Nature 251, pp.410–12.
Kolata, G. (1980), “Math and sex: are girls born with less ability?,” Science 210, pp.1234–5.
Kramer, J.H., Delis, D.C. and Daniel, M. (1988), “Sex differences in verbal learning,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 44, pp.907–15.
Lake, D.A. and Bryden, M.P. (1976), “Handedness and sex differences in hemispheric asymmetry,” Brain & Language 3, pp.266–82.
Lamb, M.E., Frodi, A.M., Frodi, M. and Huang, C.P. (1982), “Characteristics of maternal and paternal behavior in traditional and non-traditional Swedish families,” International Journal of Behavioral Development 5, pp.131–41.
Langlois, J.H. and Downs, A.C. (1980), “Mothers, fathers, and peers as socialization agents of sex-typed play behaviors in young children,” Child Development 51, pp.1217–47.
Law, D.J., Pellegrino, J.W. and Hunt, E.B. (1993), “Comparing the tortoise and the hare: gender differences and experience in dynamic spatial reasoning tasks,” Psychological Sciences 4, pp.35–40.
Lawson, J., Baron-Cohen, S. and Wheelwright, S. (in press), “Empathising and systemising in males and females with and without Asperger Syndrome,” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
Le Doux, J. (2000), “Emotion circuits in the brain,” Annual Review of Neuroscience 23, pp.155–184.
Leaper, C. (1991), “Influence and involvement in children’s discourse: age, gender, and partner effects,” Child Development 62, pp.797–811.
Leaper, C. and Gleason, J.B. (1996), “The relationship of play activity and gender to parent and child sex-typed communication,” International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, pp.689–703.
Leslie, A. (1987), “Pretence and representation: the origins of theory of mind,” Psychological Review 94, pp.412–26.
LeVay, S. (1991), “A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men,” Science 253, pp.1034–7.
Lever, J. (1978), “Sex differences in the complexity of children’s play and games,” American Sociological Review 43, pp.471–83.
Levy, J. and Levy, J.M. (1978), “Human lateralization from head to foot: sex-related factors,” Science 200, pp.1291–2.
Lewis, C., Hitch, G. and Walker, P. (1994), “The prevalence of specific arithmetic difficulties and specific reading difficulties in 9- and 10-year-old boys and girls,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 35, pp.283–92.
Linn, M.C. and Petersen, A.C. (1985), “Emergence and characterisation of sex differences in spatial ability: a meta-analysis,” Child Development 56, pp.1479–98.
Lloyd, B. and Smith, C. (1986), “The effects of age and gender on social behaviour in very young children,” British Journal of Social Psychology 25, pp.33–41.
Lord, C. and Schopler, E. (1985), “Brief report: differences in sex ratios in autism as a function of measured intelligence,” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 15, pp.185–93.
Lovejoy, J. and Wallen, K. (1988), “Sexually dimorphic behavior in group-housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at 1 year of age,” Psychobiology 16, pp.348–56.
Lubinski, D. and Benbow, C.P. (1992), “Gender differences in abilities and preferences among the gifted: implications for the math-science pipeline,” Current Directions in Psychological Science 1, pp.61–6.
Lucas, T.H., Lombardino, L.J., Roper, S.N. and Leonard, C.M. (1996), “Effects of handedness and gender on hippocampal size in normal children: an MRI study,” Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 22, pp.1860ff.
Lummis, M. and Stevenson, H.W. (1990), “Gender differences in beliefs and achievement: a cross-cultural study,” Developmental Psychology 26, pp.254–63. Lutchmaya, S. and Baron-Cohen, S. (2002), “Human sex differences in social and non-social looking preferences at 12 months of age,” Infant Behaviour and Development 25 (3), pp.319–25.
Lutchmaya, S., and Baron-Cohen, S. and Raggatt, P. (2002a), “Foetal testosterone and vocabulary size in 18- and 24-month-old infants,” Infant Behaviour and Development 24 (4), pp.418–24.
______(2002b), “Foetal testosterone and eye contact at 12 months,” Infant Behaviour and Development 25 (3), pp.327–35.
Lytton, H. and Romney, D.M. (1991), “Parents’ differential socialization of boys and girls: a meta-analysis,” Psychological Bulletin 109, pp.267–96.
Maccoby, E.E. (1966), The Development of Sex Differences, Stanford University Press.
______(1990), “Gender and relationships: a developmental account,” American Psychologist 45, pp.513–520.
______(1998), The Two Sexes: Growing Apart, Coming Together, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.
Maccoby, E.E. and Jacklin, N. (1974), The Psychology of Sex Differences, Stanford University Press.
Maccoby, E.E., Snow, M.E. and Jacklin, C.N. (1984), “Children’s dispositions and mother-child interaction at 12 and 18 months: a short-term longitudinal study,” Developmental Psychology 20, pp.459–72.
Mackintosh, N.J. (1998), IQ and Human Intelligence, Oxford University Press.
MacLean, P. (1985), “Brain evolution relating to family, play, and the separation call,” Archives of General Psychiatry 42, pp.405–17.
MacLusky, N. and Naftolin, F. (1981), “Sexual differentiation of the central nervous system,” Science 211, pp.1294–1303.
Maguire, E.A., Frackowiak, R.S.J. and Frith, C.D. (1997), “Recalling routes around London: activation of the right hippocampus in taxi drivers,” Journal of Neuroscience 17, pp.7103–10.
Maltz, D. and Borker, R. (1983), “A cultural approach to male-female miscommunication” in J. Gumperz (ed.), Language and Social Identity, New York, Cambridge University Press.
Mann, V.A., Sasanuma, S., Sakuma, N. and Masaki, S. (1990), “Sex differences in cognitive abilities: a cross-cultural perspective,” Neuropsychologia 28, pp.1063–77.
Manning, J., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. and Sanders, G. (2001), “Autism and the ratio between 2nd and 4th digit length,” Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 43, pp.160–4.
Mannle, S. and Tomasello, M. (1987), “Fathers, siblings, and the bridge hypothesis” in K.A. Nelson and A van Kleek (eds.), Children’s Language, Hillsdale, N.J., Erlbaum.
Martino, G. and Winner, E. (1995), “Talents and disorders: relationships among handedness, sex, and college major,” Brain and Cognition, 29, pp.66–84.
Masica, D., Money, J., Erhardt, A. and Lewis, V. (1968), “IQ, fetal sex hormones and cognitive patterns: studies of the testicular feminizing syndrome of androgen insensitivity” Johns Hopkins Medical Journal 124, pp.34–43.
Masters, M.S. and Sanders, B. (1993), “Is the gender difference in mental rotation disappearing?” Behavior Genetics 23, pp.337–41.
Matthews, K., Batson, C., Horn, J. and Rosenman, R. (1981), “Principles in his nature which interest him in the fortunes of others: the heritability of empathic concern for others,” Journal of Personality 49, pp.237–47.
Matthews, M.H. (1987), “Sex differences in spatial competence: the ability of young children to map ‘primed’ unfamiliar environments,” Educational Psychology 7, pp.77–90.
______(1992), Making Sense of Place: Children’s Understanding of Large-scale Environments, Savage, Maryland, Barnes & Noble Books.
Maxson, S.C. (1997), “Sex differences in genetic mechanisms for mammalian brain and behavior,” Biomedical Reviews 7, pp.85–90.
Mayes, J.T. and Jahoda, G. (1988), “Patterns of visual-spatial performance and ‘spatial ability’: dissociation of ethnic and sex difference,” British Journal of Psychology 79, pp.105–19.
McBurney, D.H., Gaulin, S.J.C., Devineni, T. and Adams, C. (1997), “Superior spatial memory of women: stronger evidence for the gathering hypothesis,” Evolution and Human Behavior 18, pp.165–74.
McGee, M. (1979), “Human spatial abilities: psychometric studies and environmental, genetic, hormonal, and neurological influences,” Psychological Bulletin 86, pp.889–918.
McGlone, J. (1980), “Sex differences in human brain asymmetry: a critical survey,” Behavioural and Brain Sciences 3, pp.215–63.
McGlone, J. and Fox, A.J. (1982), “Evidence from sodium amytal studies of greater asymmetry of verbal representation in men compared to women” in H. Akimoto, H. Kazamatsuri, M. Seino and A. Ward (eds.), Advances in Epileptology: XIIIth Epilepsy International Symposium, New York, McGraw-Hill.
McGuinness, D. and Morley, C. (1991), “Sex differences in the development of vi-suo-spatial ability in pre-school children,” Journal of Mental Imagery 15, pp.143–50.
McGuinness, D., Olson, A. and Chapman, J. (1990), “Sex differences in incidental recall for words and pictures,” Learning and Individual Differences 2, pp.263–85.
McGuinness, D. and Symonds, J. (1977), “Sex differences in choice behavior: the object-person dimension,” Perception 6, pp.691–94.
McManus, I. and Bryden, M. (1991), “Geschwind’s theory of cerebral lateralization: developing a formal, causal model,” Psychological Bulletin 110, pp.237–53.
Mealey, L. (1995), “The sociobiology of sociopathy: an integrated evolutionary model,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, pp.523–99.
Meaney, M. and McEwen, B. (1986), “Testosterone implants into the amygdala during the neonatal period masculinizes the social play of juvenile female rats,” Brain Research 398, pp.324–8.
Meaney, M.J., Stewart, J. and Beatty, W.W. (1985), “Sex differences in social play: the socialization of sex roles” in J.S. Rosenblatt, C. Beer, C.M. Busnell and P. Stater (eds.), Advances in the Study of Behavior, New York, Academic Press.
Michael, R.P. and Zumpe, D. (1998), “Development changes in behavior and in steroid uptake by the male and female macaque brain,” Development Neuropsychology 14, pp.233–60.
Miller, L.K. and Santoni, V. (1986), “Sex differences in spatial abilities: strategic and experiential correlates,” Acta Psychologia 62, pp.225–35.
Miller, P.M., Danaher, D.L. and Forbes, D. (1986), “Sex-related strategies for coping with interpersonal conflict in children aged five and seven,” Developmental Psychology 22, pp.543–48.
Mills, C.J., Ablard, K.E. and Stumpf, H. (1993), “Gender differences in academically talented young students’ mathematical reasoning: patterns across age and subskills,” Journal of Educational Psychology 85, pp.340–46.
Mitchell, A. (1999), “UK women lead the way on interdiscplinary research,” Nature 397, pp.282ff.
Mithen, S. (1996), The Prehistory of the Mind, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books.
Murdock, G.P. (1981), Atlas of World Cultures, University of Pittsburgh Press.
Myers, P., Baron-Cohen, S. and Wheelwright, S. (2003), The Exact Mind, London, Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
NAE 1989 Almanac of Higher Education, The (1989), Washington DC.
Nicholson, K.G., and Kimura, D. (1996), “Sex differences for speech and manual skill,” Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, pp.3–13.
O” Riordan, M., Plaisted, K., Driver, J. and Baron-Cohen, S. (2001), “Superior visual search in autism,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 5, pp.47–78.
Ozonoff, S., South, M. and Miller, J. (2001), “DSM-IV defined Asperger Syndrome: cognitive, behavioural, and early history differentiation from high-functioning autism,” Autism 4, pp.29–46.
Pakkenberg, B. and Gundersen, H.J.G. (1997), “Neocortical neuron number in humans: effect of sex and age,” Journal of Comparative Neurology 384, pp.312–20.
Pearson, J.L. and Ferguson, L.R. (1989), “Gender differences in patterns of spatial ability, environmental cognition, and math and English achievement in late adolescence,” Adolescence 24, pp.421–31.
Perrett, D., Smith, P., Potter, D., Mistlin, A., Head, A., Milner, A. and Jeeves, M. (1985), “Visual cells in the temporal cortex sensitive to face view and gaze direction,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B223, pp.292–317.
Perry, D.G. and Bussey, K. (1979), “The social learning theory of sex differences: limitation is alive and well,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37, pp.1699–1712.
Perry, D.G., White, A.J. and Perry, L.C. (1984), “Does early sex typing result from children’s attempts to match their behavior to sex role stereotypes?” Child Development 55, pp.2114–21.
Peterson, J. (1978), “Left handedness: differences between student artists and scientists,” Perceptual and Motor Skills 48, pp.961–2.
Peterson, J. and Lansky, L. (1974), “Left handedness among architects: some facts and speculation,” Perceptual and Motor Skills 38, pp.547–50.
Phillips, W., Baron-Cohen, S. and Rutter, M. (1992), “The role of eye contact in the detection of goals: evidence from normal toddlers, and children with autism or mental handicap,” Development and Psychopathology 4, pp.375–83.
Piaget, J. and Inhelder, B. (1956), The Child’s Conception of Space, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Pitcher, E.G. and Schultz, L.H. (1983), Boys and Girls at Play: The Development of Sex Roles, South Hadley, Mass., Bergin and Garvey.
Pizzamiglio, L. and Mammucari, A. (1985), “Evidence for sex differences in brain organization in recovery in aphasia,” Brain & Language 25, pp.213–23.
Plaisted, K., O’Riordan, M., and Baron-Cohen, S. (1998a), “Enhanced discrimination of novel, highly similar stimuli by adults with autism during a perceptual learning task,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 39, pp.765–75.
______(1998b), “Enhanced visual search for a conjunctive target in autism: a research note,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 39, pp.777–83.
Povinelli, D. (2000), Folk Physics for Apes, Oxford University Press.
Power, T.G. (1985), “Mother- and father-infant play: a developmental analysis,” Child Development 56, pp.1514–24.
Pratto, F. (1996), “Sexual politics: the gender gap in the bedroom, the cupboard, and the cabinet” in D.M. Buss and N.M. Malamuth (eds.), Sex, Power, Conflict: Evolutionary and Feminist Perspectives, New York, Oxford University Press.
Premack, D. (1995), Causal Cognition, Oxford University Press.
Pugh, K.R., Fletcher, J.M., Skudlarski, P., Fulbright, R.K., Constable, R.T., Bro-nen, R.A., Lacadie, C. and Gore, J.C. (1997), “Predicting reading performance from neuroimaging profiles: the cerebral basis of phonological effects in printed word identification,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 23, pp.299–318.
Pugh, K.R., Shaywitz, B.A., Shaywitz, S.E., Fulbright, R.K., Byrd, D. and Skud-larski, P. (1996), “Auditory selective attention: an MRI investigation,” Neuroimage 4, pp.159–73.
Rammsayer, T. and Lustnauer, S. (1989), “Sex differences in time perception,” Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, pp.195–8.
Rasia-Filho, A., Londero, R. and Achaval, M. (1999), “Effects of gonadal hormones on the morphology of neurons from the medial amygdaloid nucleus of rats,” Brain Research Bulletin 48, pp.173–83.
Reinisch, J.M. (1977), “Pre-natal exposure of human foetuses to synthetic progestin and oestrogen affects personality,” Nature 266, pp.561–2.
______(1981), “Pre-natal exposure to synthetic progestins increases potential for aggression in humans,” Science 211, pp.1171–3.
Reinisch, J.M. and Saunders, S.A. (1984), “Pre-natal gonadal steroid influences on gender-related behaviour” in G.J. De Vries (ed.), Progress in Brain Research, Amsterdam, Elsevier, p.61.
Resnick, S., Berenbaum, S., Gottesman, I. and Bouchard, T. (1986), “Early hormonal influences on cognitive functioning in congenital adrenal hyperplasia,” Developmental Psychology 22, pp.191–8.
Robert, M. and Chaperon, H. (1989), “Cognitive and exemplary modelling of horizontal representation on the Piagetian water-level task,” International Journal of Behavioural Development 12, pp.453–72.
Robert, M. and Ohlmann, T. (1994), “Water-level representation by men and women as a function of rod-and-frame test proficiency and visual and postural information,” Perception 23, pp.1321–33.
Robert, M. and Tanguay, M. (1990), “Perception and representation of the Euclidean coordinates in mature and elderly men and women,” Experimental Aging Research 16, pp.123–31.
Robertson, I. (1999), Mind Sculpture, London, Bantam Press.
Roof, R.L. and Havens, M.D. (1992), “Testosterone improves maze performance and induces development of a male hippocampus in females,” Brain Research 572, pp.310–13.
Rosenthal, R., Hall, J.A., DiMatteo, M.R., Rogers, P.L. and Archer, D. (1979), Sensitivity to Nonverbal Communication: The PONS Test, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Rosser, R.A., Ensing, S.S., Glider, P.J. and Lane, S. (1984), “An information-processing analysis of children’s accuracy in predicting the appearance of rotated stimuli,” Child Development 55, pp.2204–11.
Rotter, N.G. and Rotter, G.S. (1988), “Sex differences in the encoding and decoding of negative facial emotions,” Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 12, pp.139–48. Rowe, A., Bullock, P., Polkey, C. and Morris, R. (2001), “ ‘Theory of mind’” impairments and their relationship to executive functioning following frontal lobe excisions,” Brain 124, pp.600–616.
Rubin, K.H., Fein, G.G. and Vandenberg, B. (1983), “Play” in P. Mussen and E.M. Hetherington (eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Socialization, Personality, and Social Development, 4th edn., New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Rushton, J.P., Fulker, D.W., Neale, M.C., Nias, D.K.B. and Eysenck, H.J. (1986), “Altruism and aggression: the heritability of individual differences,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, pp.1192–8.
Russell, G. and Russell, A. (1987), “Mother-child and father-child relationships in middle childhood,” Child Development 58, pp.1573–85.
Russell, J. (ed.) (1997), Autism as an Executive Disorder, Oxford University Press. Rutter, M. (1978), “Diagnosis and definition” in M. Rutter and E. Schopler (eds.), Autism: A Reappraisal of Concepts and Treatment, New York, Plenum Press, pp.1–26.
Sainsbury, C. (2000), Martian in the Playground, Bristol, Lucky Duck Publishing. Sandberg, D.E. and Meyer-Bahlburg, H.F.L. (1994), “Variability in middle childhood play behavior: effects of gender, age, and family background,” Archives of Sexual Behavior 23, pp.645–63.
Sanders, B., Soares, M.P. and D’Aguila, J.M. (1982), “The sex difference on one test of spatial visualisation: a nontrivial difference,” Child Development 53, pp.1106–10.
Sanders, G., Aubert, F. and Kadam, A. (1995), “Asymmetries in finger ridge count correlate with performance on sexually dimorphic tasks in children and adults,” International Academy of Sex Research, XXI Annual Meeting, pp.20–24.
Saunders, S.A. and Reinisch, J.M. (1985), “Behavioural effect on humans of progesterone related compounds during development in the adult,” Current Topics of Neuroendocrinology 15, pp.175–98.
Savin-Williams, R.C. (1987), Adolescence: An Ethological Perspective, New York, Springer-Verlag.
Scheuffgen, K., Happe, F., Anderson, M., and Frith, U. (2000), “High ‘intelligence,’ low ‘IQ’? Speed of processing and measured IQ in children with autism,” Development and Psychopathology 12, pp.83–90.
Schiff, W. and Oldak, R. (1990), “Accuracy of judging time to arrival: effects of modality, trajectory and gender,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, Human Perception and Performance 16, pp.303–16.
Scourfield, J., Martin, N., Lewis, G. and McGuffin, P. (1999), “Heritability of social cognitive skills in children and adolescents,” British Journal of Psychiatry 175, pp.559–64.
Seavey, A., Katz, P. and Zalk, S. (1975), “Baby x: the effect of gender label on adult responses to infant,” Sex Roles 1, pp.103–9.
Shah, A. and Frith, U. (1983), “An islet of ability in autism: a research note,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 24, pp.613–20.
______(1993), “Why do autistic individuals show superior performance on the block design test?” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 34, pp.1351–64. Shaywitz, B., Shaywitz, S., Pugh, K., Constables, R., Skudlarski, P., Fulbright, R., Bronen, R., Fletcher, J., Shankweiler, D., Katz, L. and Gore, J. (1995), “Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language,” Nature 373, pp.607–9.
Sheldon, A. (1992), “Preschool girls’ discourse competence: managing conflict and negotiating power” in M. Bucholtz, K. Hall and B. Moonwomon (eds.), Locating Power, Proceedings of the 1992 Berkeley Women and Language Conference, Berkeley Linguistic Society, vol. 2, pp.528–39.
Shephard, R.N. and Metzler, J. (1971), “Mental rotation of three dimensional objects,” Science 171, pp.701–3.
Sherman, J.A. (1967), “Problems of sex differences in space perception and aspects of intellectual functioning,” Psychological Review 74, pp.290–99.
Sherry, D.F., Jacobs, L.F. and Gaulin, S.J.C. (1992), “Spatial memory and adaptive specialization of the hippocampus,” Trends in Neurosciences 15, pp.298–303.
Sherry, D.F., Vaccarino, A.L., Buckenham, K. and Herz, R.S. (1989), “The hip-pocampal complex of food-storing birds,” Brain, Behavior and Evolution 34, pp.308–17.
Shucard, D.W., Shucard, J.L. and Thomas, D.G. (1987), “Sex differences in electrophysiological activity in infancy: possible implications for language development” in S. Philips, S. Steele and C. Tanz (eds.), Language, Gender, and Sex in Comparative Perspective, Cambridge University Press.
Shute, V.J., Pellegrino, J., Hubert, L. and Reynolds, R. (1983), “The relationship between androgen levels and human spatial abilities,” Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 21, pp.465–8.
Siddiqui, A. and Shah, B. (1997), “Neonatal androgen manipulation differentially affects the development of monoamine systems in rat cerebral cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus,” Brain Research and Development 98, pp.247–52.
Sidorowicz, L. and Lunney, G. (1980), “Baby x revisited,” Sex Roles 6, pp.67–73. Silverman, I. and Eals, M. (1992), “Sex differences in spatial abilities: evolutionary theory and data” in J.H. Barkow, L. Cosmides and J. Tooby (eds.), The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of a Culture, New York, Oxford University Press.
Skuse, D. (2000), “Imprinting, the X chromosome, and the male brain: explaining sex differences in the liability to autism,” Paediatric Research 47, pp.9–16.
Skuse, D.H., James, R.S., Bisop, D.V.M., Coppin, B., Dalton, P., Aamodt-Leeper, G., Bacarese-Hamilton, M., Cresswell, C., McGurk, R. and Jacobs, P.A. (1997), “Evidence from Turner’s syndrome of an imprinted X-linked locus affecting cognitive function,” Nature 387, pp.705–8.
Smith, G.A. and McPhee, K.A. (1987), “Performance on a coincidence timing task correlates with intelligence,” Intelligence 11, pp.161–7.
Smith, P.M. (1985), Language, the Sexes and Society, Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
Snow, M.E., Jacklin, C.N. and Maccoby, E.E. (1983), “Sex-of-child differences in father-child interaction at one year of age,” Child Development 54, pp.227–32. Stanley, J.C. (1990), “We need to know why women falter in math,” The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Stefanova, N. (1998), “Gamma-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive neurons in the amygdala of the rat: sex differences and effect of early postnatal castration,” Neuroscience Letters 255, pp.175–7.
Stern, J.M. (1989), “Maternal behavior: sensory, hormonal, and neural determinants” in F.R. Brush and S. Levine (eds.), Psychoendocrinology, San Diego, Academic Press.
Stern, M. and Karraker, K.H. (1989), “Sex stereotyping of infants: a review of gender labeling studies,” Sex Roles 20, pp.501–22.
Stone, V., Baron-Cohen, S. and Knight, K. (1999), “Frontal lobe contributions to theory of mind,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, pp.640–56.
Strayer, F.F. (1980), “Child ethology and the study of preschool social relations” in H.C. Foot, A.J. Chapman and J.R. Smith (eds.), Friendship and Social Relations in Children, New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Stumpf, H. and Eliot, J. (1995), “Gender-related differences in spatial ability and the k factor of general spatial ability in a population of academically talented students,” Personality and Individual Differences 19, pp.33–45.
Stumpf, H. and Jackson, D.N. (1994), “Gender-related differences in cognitive abilities: evidence from a medical school admissions program,” Personality and Individual Differences 17, pp.335–44.
Surian, L., Baron-Cohen, S. and Van der Lely, H. (1996), “Are children with autism deaf to Gricean Maxims?” Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 1, 55–72.
Sutton-Smith, B., Rosenberg, B.G. and Morgan, E.F. (1963), “Development of sex differences in play choices during preadolescence,” Child Development 34, pp.119–26.
Swaab, D.F. and Hofman, M.A. (1995), “Sexual differentiation of the human hypothalamus in relation to gender and sexual orientation,” Trends in Neuro-sciences 18, pp.264–70.
Swettenham, J., Baron-Cohen, S., Charman, T., Cox, A., Baird, G., Drew, A., Rees, L. and Wheelwright, S. (1998), “The frequency and distribution of spontaneous attention shifts between social and non-social stimuli in autistic, typically developing and non-autistic developmentally delayed infants,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, pp.747–53.
Symons, D. (1979), The Evolution of Human Sexuality, New York, Oxford University Press.
Szatmari, P. (1999), “Heterogeneity and the genetics of autism,” Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 24, pp.159–65.
Tager-Flusberg, H. and Sullivan, K. (2000), “A componential view of theory of mind: evidence from Williams Syndrome,” Cognition 76, pp.59–89.
Tannen, D. (1990), You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation, New York, William Morrow.
______(1994), Talking from Nine to Five, New York, William Morrow.
Tanner, J.M. (1970), “Physical growth” in P. Mussen (ed.), Carmichael’s Manual of Child Psychology, 3rd edn, New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Tanner, J.M. (1990), Foetus into Man: Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.
Tantam, D. (2001), “Psychological disorder in adolescents and adults with As-perger Syndrome,” Autism 4, pp.47–62.
Thomas, H., Jamison, W. and Hummel, D.D. (1973), “Observation is insufficient for discovering that the surface of still water is invariantly horizontal,” Science 181, pp.173–4.
Thomas, J.R. and French, K.E. (1985), “Gender differences across age in motor performance: A meta-analysis,” Psychological Bulletin 98, pp.260–82.
Tordjman, S., Ferrari, P., Sulmont, V., Duyme, M. and Roubertoux, P. (1997), “Androgenic activity in autism,” American Journal of Psychiatry 154, pp.1626–7.
Tronick, E.Z. and Cohn, J.F. (1989), “Infant-mother face to face interaction: age and gender differences in coordination and the occurrence of miscoordination,” Child Development 60, pp.85–92.
Tsai, L. and Beisler, J. (1983), “The development of sex differences in infantile autism,” British Journal of Psychiatry 142, pp.373–78.
Tsai, L., Stewart, M. and August, G. (1981), “Implications of sex differences in the familial transmission of infantile autism,” Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 11, pp.165–73.
Tucker, J.S., Friedman, H.S., Schwartz, J.E., Criqui, M.H., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Wingard, D.L. and Martin, L.R. (1997), “Parental divorce: effects on individual behavior and longevity,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73, pp. 381–91.
Valian, V. (1999), Why So Slow? The Advancement of Women, Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press.
Van Goozen, S.H.M., Cohen-Kettenis, P.T., Gooren, L.J.G., Frijda, N.H. and Van de Poll, N.E. (1995), “Gender differences in behavior: activating effects of cross-sex hormones,” Psychoneuroendocrinology 20, pp.343–63.
Vandenberg, S.G. and Kuse, A.R. (1978), “Mental rotations, a group test of three-dimensional spatial visualization,” Perceptual and Motor Skills 47, pp.599–604. Velle, W. (1987), “Sex differences in sensory functions,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 30, pp.490–522.
Vetter, B. (1979), “Working women scientists and engineers,” Science 207, pp.28–34.
Vinader-Caerols, C., Collado, P., Segovia, S. and Guillamon, A. (2000), “Estradiol masculinizes the posteromedial cortical nucleus of the amygdala in the rat,” Brain Research Bulletin 53, pp.269–73.
Voyer, D., Voyer, S. and Bryden, M. (1995), “Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: a meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables,” Psychological Bulletin 117, pp.250–70.
Wagner, H.L., Buck, R. and Winterbotham, M. (1993), “Communication of specific emotions: gender differences in sending accuracy and communication measures,” Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 17, pp.29–53.
Watson, N. (2001), “Sex differences in throwing: monkeys have a fling,” Trends in Cognitive Neurosciences 5, pp.98–9.
Watson, N.V. and Kimura, D. (1991), “Nontrivial sex differences in throwing and intercepting: relation to psychometrically-defined spatial functions,” Personality and Individual Differences 12, pp.375–85.
Weekes, N.Y. and Zaidel, D.W. (1995), “Effects of sex and sex role attributions on the ear advantage in dichotic listening,” Neuropsychology 9, pp.62–7.
Wellman, H. (1990), Children’s Theories of Mind, Oxford University Press.
Wentzel, K.R. (1988), “Gender differences in math and English achievement: a longitudinal study,” Sex Roles 18, pp.691–9.
Whiting, B.B. and Edwards, C.P. (1988), Children of Different Worlds: The Formation of Social Behavior, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.
Whitten, P.L. (1987), “Infants and adult males” in B.B. Smuts, D.L. Cheney, R.M. Seyfarth, R.W. Wrangham, T.T. Struhsaker (eds.), Primate Societies, University of Chicago Press.
Widener, A. (1979), Gustav Le Bon: The Man and his Works. Liberty Fund, Inc.
Willey, L. (1999), Pretending to be Normal, London, Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Williams, C., Barnett, A. and Meck, W. (1990), “Organisational effects of early go-nadal secretions on sexual differentiation in spatial memory,” Behavioural Neuroscience 104, pp.84–97.
Willingham, W.W. and Cole, N.S. (1997), Gender Fair Assessment, Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum.
Willis, S.L. and Schaie, K.W. (1988), “Gender differences in spatial ability in old age: longitudinal and intervention findings,” Sex Roles 18, pp.189–203.
Wilson, G. and Jackson, C. (1994), “The personality of physicists,” Personality and Individual Differences 16, pp.187–9.
Wing, L. (1976), Early Childhood Autism, Oxford, Pergamon Press.
______(1981a), “Asperger Syndrome: a clinical account,” Psychological Medicine 11, pp.115–30.
______(1981b), “Sex ratios in early childhood autism and related conditions,” Psychiatry Research 5, pp.129–37.
______(1988), “The Autistic Continuum” in L. Wing (ed.), Aspects of Autism: Biological Research, London, Gaskell/Royal College of Psychiatrists.
Witelson, S. (1985), “The brain connection: the corpus callosum is larger in left-handers,” Science 229, pp.665–8.
______(1989), “Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum,” Brain 112, pp.799–835.
______(1976), “Sex and the single hemisphere: specialization of the right hemisphere for spatial processing,” Science 193, pp.425–7.
Witkin, H.A., Dyk, R.B., Faterson, H.F., Goodenough, D.G. and Karp, S.A., Personality through Perception, New York, Harper & Row.
Wittig, M.A. and Allen, M.J. (1984), “Measurement of adult performance on Pi-aget’s water horizontality task,” Intelligence 8, pp.305–13.
Wolterink, G., Daenen, L., Dubbeldam, S., Gerrits, M., Rijn, R., Kruse, C., Van Der Heijden, J. and Van Ree, J. (2001), “Early amygdala damage in the rat as a model for neurodevelopmental psychopathological disorders,” European Neuropsychopharmacology 11, pp.51–9.
Wright, P. (1998), “Towards an expanded orientation to the study of sex differences in friendship” in D. Canary and K. Dindia (eds.), Sex Differences and Similarities in Communication, Brighton, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M., Wagner, E. and Chapman, M. (1992), “Development of concern for others,” Developmental Psychology 28, pp.126–36.