Index

 

INDEX

Academy of Sciences, 355

Acadia, 165

Achard, 171

Admiral, 328

agriculture, 235-36, 240, 314

Aigueperse, 149

Alexander I, 392

Algeria, 390

Allier, 250

Allies, advance of 1793, 24; plans to partition France, 57; discord among, 87-88, 336-39, 351

Alsace, 4, 57, 116, 177-99, 320, 350

Alvinzi, 354

Amar, 295

Ambert, 131, 134, 138, 140

America, see United States, convoy

Andelys, 249

Angers, 252

Antwerp, 358

armaments, see munitions

Arms Administration, 241

Army, before Revolution, 7-8; disorganized by Revolution, 23-24, 78 ff., 212; reorganized, 81 ff., 96 ff., 182-85, 306; miscellaneous, 46, 74, 124, 339-40, 384

Army of Condé, 179

Army of the Alps, 103, 153, 251

Army of the Ardennes, 79, 97, 351, 352

Army of the Côtes de Cherbourg, 214

Army of the Eastern Pyrenees, 103, 251, 341

Army of Italy, 245, 251, 341-42

Army of the Moselle, 78, 91, 104, 180 ff., 341, 350, 351, 352

Army of the North, 78, 80, 82, 91-105, 183, 212, 245, 341, 350 ff.

Army of the Rhine, 79, 87, 91, 104, 180 ff., 341, 350

Army of the Sambre-Meuse, 352 ff.

Army of the West, 103

Arras, 6, 7, 307

Artois, count of, 24, 205

arts, 317-20

Arts Commission, 295

assignats, 61-62, 239, 284, 359

Athens, 19, 315

Augereau, 96

Aulard, 56-57, 193, 271-72

Austria, 5, 22, 57-58, 80, 87 ff., 357 ff., 351 ff.

Austrian Netherlands, see Belgium

autarky, 227-30

Auvergne, 13, 118, 130-52

aviation, see balloons

Babeuf, 260-61, 392, 394

Baden, margrave of, 178

Bailiff, 249

balloons, 82, 236, 354-56

Bank of Amsterdam, 358

Bank of Discount (Caisse d’Escompte), 114

Barbary coast, 250

Barère, before Revolution, 8-9, 16, 18, 20; election to C.P.S., 31; functions in C.P.S., 31, 109, 364; on June 2, 32; on September 5, 45, 53; economic nationalism, 225, 228-30; on England, 229, 239, 350, 394; on dictatorship, 298; on Robespierre, 40, 333, 370-81, 383, 395-96; laws of Ventôse, 286, 313; arts and literature, 318 ff.; education, 321; Vengeur, 346; law of 22 Prairial, 366; Thermidor, 369, 370-81; after Thermidor, 382-84, 393-96; character and personal details, 8-9, 31, 108-9; miscellaneous, 38, 55, 71, 91, 95, 100, 101, 106, 116, 118, 123, 124, 156, 163, 200, 238, 243, 253, 278, 282, 288, 292, 318, 333, 340

Barr, 191

Barras, 363; on Robespierre, 370, 376

Basel, 338

Basire, 346

Basques, 320

Bastille, 293-94

Batz, baron de, 114, 295

Baudot, 188-89, 191, 198-99, 256-57

Bavaria, 57

Bay of Biscay, 343

Beaulieu, 354

Belgium, 23, 24, 41, 57, 58, 337 ff., 350-60, 393, 394-95

Bengal, 211

Berlin, 337, 339

Bernay, 249

Berthelmy, 94

Berthollet, 100, 234

Bignon, commission militaire, 220

Billaud-Varenne, before Revolution, 12-13, 17, 21; election to C.P.S., 54; functions in C.P.S., 55, 108-9, 125, 364; writings, 12, 18, 40, 285; on September 5, 43-55; law of 14 Frimaire, 124-27; on Danton, 269, 297, 389; at Saint-Malo, 280, 341; Chénier, 318; Sparta, 315; law of 22 Prairial, 366; Thermidor, 285, 369, 374-78; after Thermidor, 382-84, 388-89; character and personal details, 12, 172; miscellaneous, 40, 71-73, 101, 103, 118, 123, 172, 200, 239, 278, 292, 295, 313

Billom, 143, 147, 251

Bitche, 187

blockade, British, 206, 227, 339-40, 343-50

Bois de Boulogne, 322

Bonaparte, made a brigadier, 96; plans for invading Italy, 342; on Robespierre, 370; on C.P.S., 386; miscellaneous, 3, 33, 87, 127, 214, 227, 304, 318, 334, 341, 356, 384, 389-94

Bordeaux, 15, 37, 174

Bouchotte, 82, 84, 86, 93, 96

Bourbons, 24, 87, 338, 389

Bourdon of the Oise, 256, 258, 262-63, 295, 367, 376

Bourges, 250

Boyd, 114

Bréard, 217-18

Brest, 203-9, 217-19, 251, 343, 349-50, 369

Breton language, 320

Briez, 71, 72

Brissot, 52, 53, 117, 268

British, see England, blockade, Allies

Brittany, 4, 23, 204-5, 320; Saint-André and Prieur in, 202-24

Broteaux, 169-71, 174

Brune, 96

Brunswick, 180

Brussels, 357, 393

Brutus, 19, 112, 119, 325

Buchez, 357, 396

Buffon, 15, 34, 197

Bulletin des lois, 127

Buonarotti, 394-95

Burgundy, 7

Burke, 338

cabinet, 72, 307, 384

Caesar, 112, 259

calendar, revolutionary, 111-13

Calvinism, 11, 323

Cambacérès, 262, 370

Carnot, Hippolyte, 75, 392, 393

Carnot, Lazare, before Revolution, 7-8, 16, 17, 18; election to C.P.S., 41; functions in C.P.S., 108-9, 364; strategic ideas, 88-91; Hondschoote, 92 ff.; Wattignies, 97-103; Fleurus, 350-60; on public management, 226; speech on arms manufacture, 238; speech on executive reorganization, 307; laws of Ventôse, 286; break with Robespierre and Saint-Just, 309, 364, 369, 372; balloons, 355; program for occupied territories, 358; after Thermidor, 382, 391-92; character and personal details, 7, 81, 108; miscellaneous, 55, 63, 78, 81-83, 163, 200, 237, 288

Carrier, at Nantes, 116, 205, 220-24, 256; in Paris, 281, 287, 292, 294, 384

Carthage, 211, 341, 350

Catalonia, 341

Catherine II, 5, 339

Catholic and royal army, 205, 213

Catholic church, 5, 11, 12-13, 18, 111, 117-18, 142 ff., 208, 324-26, 358, 368, 388-89, 394; see Dechristianization, religion

Cato, 112

Cayenne, 388

censorship, 283-84, 290, 317-18

Chabot, in Foreign Plot, 114-15, 256; as a Dantonist, 257-58, 269, 295; miscellaneous, 35, 38, 66, 377

Chalier, 147, 153-54, 164, 166

Champ de Mars, 330-32

Champs-Elysées, 3, 319

Channel Islands, 219, 280, 341

Chappe, 236

Charleroi, 353

Chateauneuf-Randon, 133 ff., 151-53

Chaumette, 27, 43, 45 ff., 257, 288, 294, 316

Chénier, M. J., 317-18, 327, 331

Cher, 250-51

Cherbourg, 205, 256; Saint-André at, 214-17

Chesapeake bay, 206, 343

circumstance, thesis of, 271-72

class struggle, 145, 149, 153 ff., 166 ff., 358, 395

Clermont-Ferrand, 13, 130 ff., 147 ff., 249-51

Cloots, Anacharsis, 114, 120, 123, 257, 261, 292-93

Coblentz, 299

Coburg, 64, 87 ff., 100 ff., 339, 350 ff.

codification of law, 111

Collot d’Herbois, before Revolution, 15-16, 17, 21; election to C.P.S., 54; functions in C.P.S., 55, 108-9; Enragés, 37; hoarding law, 40, 244; ideas, 157 ff., 164-66, 285; at Lyons, 106, 159-76; attitude to Robespierre, 174, 369; Ventôse disturbances, 266, 281-92, 294, 313; Chénier, 318; shot at, 328, 367; Thermidor, 364, 374-78; after Thermidor, 382-84, 388-89; character and personal details, 15-16, 159-60; miscellaneous, 43, 68, 101, 114, 118, 123, 129, 200, 261, 278, 364

Colmar, 197-98

Committee of General Security, origin, 28; reorganization, 65-67; and Dantonists, 297-98, 300; and Dechristianization, 365; rivalry with C.P.S., 308-10, 363 ff., 367 ff., 371; miscellaneous, 84, 110, 113, 245, 262, 295, 319, 328

Committee of Public Instruction, 321

Committee of Public Safety, origin, 28; quarters, 3-4; methods of transacting business, 3, 108-10, 309, 364; Dantonist period, 31-38; membership, 31, 38, 39, 42, 261, 381 ff.; attacks on, 48, 53, 65, 71, 253, 261-63, 365 ff.; powers, 28, 66, 71-75, 123-28, 232 ff., 305 ff.; discord within, 116, 309, 310, 364, 368 ff.; as Decemvirs, 201; attitude to Lyons, 154 ff., 171-73, 201; to noyades, 220 ff.; to factions, 259 ff., to war, 278; monthly renewal of powers, 75, 262, 289; loss of powers, 380 ff.

Committee on Markets, 65-66

committees of surveillance, 27, 28, 66-67, 127, 233

Commune of Paris, defined, 26; influence, 28, 32; uprising of September 5, 43 ff., 69; and army, 80, 99; and Dechristianization, 117 ff.; attacks of C.P.S. on, 123, 259; economic practices, 240-41, 245-46, 281; in Ventôse disturbances, 260, 288, 295; replacement of Hébertist commune by Robespierrist, 306; policies of Robespierrist commune, 315, 324, 371, 377-81. See Hébertists.

communes, 26, 124

Condé, 87, 306, 350

Condorcet, 318

Constantinople, 104, 200, 266

Constituent Assembly, 170

constituted authorities, 26, 72, 74, 124 ff., 185, 192, 306

constitution, theory of, 18, 264

constitution of 1791, 20, 26, 132

constitution of 1793, origin and adoption, 15, 34-38, 42; suspension, 75, 127; miscellaneous, 86, 261, 297, 319

constitution of 1795, 357, 384

Continental System, 227

Convention, National, origin, 20-21; and national unity, 24; creation of revolutionary government, 28 ff., 74-75; expulsion of Girondists, 32, of Girondist sympathizers, 113; uprising of September 5, 43-54; crisis of September 25, 71-72; and Dantonists, 256, 258, 262-63, 296, 298, 363, 374; and Hébertists, 294 ff.; relation of C.P.S., 310, 361; and law of 22 Prairial, 367; regicides in 1816, 391

convoy from America, 206, 219, 343-50

Corday, Charlotte, 38

Cordeliers club, 36, 168, 260, 281; insurrection, 287-89, 294; closed, 306

Corsica, 320

corvée, 243, 245, 314

Cotentin, 209, 214

Courtrai, 341

Coutelle, 355-56

Couthon, before Revolution, 13-14; election to C.P.S., 32; functions in C.P.S., 364; June 2, 32-33; attitude to Robespierre, 40, 252, 326; in Puy-de-Dôme, 133-51; at Lyons, 141, 153-59; on Christianity, 142 ff., 323, 326-27; on Vendéans, 222; subsistence in Puy-de-Dôme, 249-51; ill, 280 ff.; Police Bureau, 309; Chénier, 318; School of Mars, 323; Worship of Supreme Being, 144, 326-27; law of 22 Prairial, 365-66; Thermidor, 369-81; character and personal details, 13-14, 142, 158; miscellaneous, 38, 69, 91, 118, 123, 126, 171, 252, 263, 278, 289, 292, 328, 338, 364

Créquy, duke of, 38

Curtis, E. N., 180

Custine, 41, 80, 84, 95

Dagorne, 217-18

Danton, on C.P.S., 31-32, 38, 58; uprising of September 5, 45-55; return to Paris, 256, 259; policy in winter 1793-94, 257, 278; fall and death, 295-303; consequences of death, 363 ff., 374; miscellaneous, 25, 66, 115, 125, 333, 377, 389

Dantonists, 194, 200, 253, 256-60, 266-69, 290, 328, 362, 295-304

David, 303, 317, 319-20, 327-28

Davout, 96

debt, national, 62

Decemvirs, 201, 261, 361

Dechristianization, 117-22, 270, 323 ff., 365; in Auvergne, 142-52; at Lyons, 164, 168; in Alsace, 188 ff., 197; in Normandy, 215-16

Declaration of the Rights of Man, 128, 288-89, 319, 320, 380

Delacroix, 297

Delbret, 92

democracy, in constitution of 1793, 34; Robespierre on, 275-76, 334; and the war, 277-78; means of founding, 306 ff., 311 ff.; and Thermidor, 363, 380, 385-87

departments, 26, 33, 61, 124

Desfieux, 114, 120, 122

Desmoulins, 258-60, 263, 266-69, 287, 295, 297, 303, 316, 333, 377

Deux-Sèvres, 251

dictatorship, growth of, 66, 69, 72, 75, 127, 181, 209; economic controls, 225-53; Robespierre’s theory of, 264 ff.; culmination, 305 ff., 310 ff., 385; fall of, 360-84; Robespierre as dictator, 333, 370, 372-73

Diderot, 119

Dijon, 393

Dinan, 213

Dol, 212

Dorfeuille, 170

Dover, straits of, 6, 18, 354

Drouet, 65

Dubuisson, 120, 122

Ducher, 228

Dumont, 118, 142, 164

Dumouriez, 24, 25, 95

Dunkirk, 87 ff.

Duplay, 108, 166, 171

Duquesnoy, 95, 100, 104

Dutch Republic, see Holland

East India scandal, 114-15, 256, 295

école normale, 321

economic regulation and control, 60-61, 69-70, 124, 225-53; in Auvergne, 138, 145; in Alsace, 186-87, 189; Ventôse and after, 282, 311-16

economic theory of Revolutionaries, 40, 61-62, 70, 149, 166-67, 226 ff., 239 ff.

Edelmann, 185, 197

education, 117, 148-49, 208, 283, 312, 321-23

Egypt, 334

Elba, 391

émigrés, 5, 24, 179-80, 205 ff., 336, 337-38, 390

England, French plans to invade, 203, 218-19, 341, 344; English plans to invade France, 205-6, 209, 214, 219; economic policy against, 228-29; arrest of British subjects, 230; Jacobins on English government, 267, 278; miscellaneous, 5, 14, 22, 57, 80, 86, 126, 165, 328, 337-54, 360

English language, 320

Enragés, 28, 34, 36

Estates-General, 20

evacuation agencies, 341

Executive council, 31, 109, 262, 307

Fabre d’Eglantine, and revolutionary calendar, 111-13; and Foreign Plot, 113 ff., 123, 198, 266; as a Dantonist, 257-59, 269, 281, 295

factions, 266, 290-91, 299; see Dantonists and Hébertists

fascism, 361

federalists, defined, 23; rebellion, 33, 37; at Lyons, 153 ff.; in Brittany, 205; miscellaneous, 26, 126, 132, 320

feminism, 63, 169

Femmes révolutionnaires, 63

Flanders, 4, 104, 212

Fleurus, 354 ff.

Floral Games, Academy of the, 9, 110

foreign policy, Danton’s, 38, 58; relation of Poland, 57; recall of ambassadors, 59; in 1794, 278, 340-42, 358

Foreign Plot, 113-15, 120 ff., 173, 256, 265, 269, 289-90, 295, 299-300, 328, 368

foreign trade, 227-34, 311

Fouché, 142, 151, 222, 224; at Lyons, 159-76, 284; ideas, 175-76; Thermidor, 363, 367, 371, 376

Fouquier-Tinville, 366, 368, 384

Fourcroy, 234

Fox, 338

Francis II, 341, 350, 351

freedom of the seas, 229; see blockade

freedom of trade, 228, 246

Frei, 114

Fréron, 363, 376-78

Frimaire, law of 14, 127-28, 132, 151, 197, 199, 224, 245, 306, 308, 326

Fromentin, 102

Fructidor, 391, 392

Furnes, 91-92

fusillades, 169-70, 281

Galicia, 337

Gasparin, 38

General Police Bureau, 308-10, 315, 333, 369, 370

Geneva, 16

Genoa, 233, 342

George III, 92, 206, 231, 317

Gerle, 368

German language, 189, 192, 320

Germany, 57, 80, 95, 178 ff., 199, 337, 350, 351, 390

Girondists, defined, 25; expulsion from Convention, 32 ff., 72; execution, 113; at Lyons, 154, 169; in Brittany, 205, 210; miscellaneous, 38, 52, 281, 293-94, 316, 328, 362, 378, 389

“Glorious First of June,” 345-46

Gobel, 119-20

Gracchus, 119

Grand Army, 390

Granet, 54

Granville, 213

Gratien, 102

Great Fear, 56, 305

Grégoire, 324

Guiana, 159, 382, 388-89, 391

Guyardin, 188

Guyton de Morveau, 234, 356

Guzmán, 114

Haiti, 389

Halles, 63

Hamel, 357

Hanoverians, 92 ff.

Hanriot, 32, 288, 377

Hapsburg dominions, 57, 104, 237

Hapsburgs, 339, 342

Hassenfratz, 234

Hébert, 27, 43, 65, 69, 86, 122, 125, 174; and Enragés, 257; and Desmoulins, 266-67; economic ideas, 269-70; in Ventôse, 287, 289; death, 292-93; death of Mme. Hébert, 316; consequences of his death, 363 ff.

Hébertists, on war, 58; and Foreign Plot, 115, 160-63; influence on economic régime, 227, 239, 253; disorders of Ventôse, 253, 281 ff., 287-95; fall, 292-94; miscellaneous, 43, 47, 55, 58-59, 82, 172, 181, 187 ff., 215-16, 222, 256-57, 260-61, 269-70, 290, 316, 328, 364

Helvétius, 197

Hentz, 93

Hérault-Séchelles, before Revolution, 14-15, 16, 18; election to C.P.S., 32; June 2, 32; constitution of 1793, 34; attitude to Robespierre, 40; in Foreign Plot, 114, 116; in Alsace, 106, 116, 192-98; Carrier, 220-21; Saint-Just on, 193, 299; Mathiez on, 194-97; dropped from C.P.S., 200-1; at Revolutionary Tribunal, 269, 292; imprisoned, 295; executed, 303; character and personal details, 14-15, 193, 201; miscellaneous, 38, 42, 100, 101, 158, 256, 263

Hitler, 76, 120

hoarding, law on (accaparement), 40-41, 243-44, 281, 311

Hoche, 96, 180, 191, 198

Hohenlohe, 95

Holbach, 197

Holland, 5, 15, 22, 80, 212, 337, 358

Holy Roman Empire, 178, 185

Hondschoote, 79, 91-92

Hood, 203

hostages, 234, 359

Hôtel de Toulouse, 245, 251

Houchard, 78, 84-85, 91-97

Houdon, 319

Howe, 209, 343 ff.

Hungary, 237

India, see East India, Bengal

Indulgents, 259 ff., 270, 295

Inquisition, 320

Institute of France, 391

Institute of Music, 319, 330

Invalides, 237

Isambert, 183

Issoire, 147

Italian language, 320

Italy, 154, 338-39, 342

Jacobin club of Paris, 25, 33, 35-37, 43, 52, 65-66, 114, 117-22, 126, 129, 157, 174, 235, 266-69, 281, 361, 370 ff., 374-75, 383, 390, 392

Jacobin clubs, 12, 25, 33, 79, 125, 325, 383; in Auvergne, 134, 141 ff., 250; at Lyons, 156; in Alsace, 85, 186, 376; in Brittany, 210-12, 215-18

Javogues, 198

Jefferson, 283, 310

Jesuits, II, 130

Jourdan, 96-106, 184, 350, 352-54

Julien, 222-24, 306, 341

Karl, archduke, 354

Kaunitz, 114, 354

Kosciuzko, 337

labor policies, 238, 240-43, 253, 281, 288, 311, 315

Lacoste, Elie, 374

Lacoste, J. B., 189, 191, 198-99, 256

Lafayette, 24, 117

Lagrange, 7, 235

Laignelot, 218-19

laissez-faire, 70, 311

Lamarck, 235

language, 320-21

Languedoc, 23

La Rochelle, 12

Latour, 354

Lavater, 15

Lavoisier, 234

Law of Suspects, 67, 115, 146, 365; see suspects

Le Bas, in Alsace, 177-201; and School of Mars, 323; on northern frontier, 352; death, 378-81

Le Carpentier, 213

Le Creusot, 17

Lefèvre, 96

Legendre, 298

Legion of Honor, 390

Lémane, 190, 191, 197-98

Leo X, 257

Le Quesnoy, 88, 350

Levasseur, 82-83, 92-93, 370

Levy in Mass, 43, 59 ff., 79, 99, 134 ff., 163, 339; naval aspects, 208 ff.; economic aspects, 226 ff., 234 ff., 241 ff., 315

Lévy-Schneider, 218

Library of Congress, 303

Liége, 351

Lille, 82, 91, 98, 99, 236

Limagne, 130

Limoges, 97, 106, 350

Lincoln, 254

Lindet, before Revolution, 14, 16, 17, 18; election to C.P.S., 31; function in C.P.S., 108-9, 124, 227, 364; at Lyons, 31, 37, 163; laws of Ventôse, 286; and Dantonists, 227, 300; evacuation agencies, 341; Thermidor, 364, 370, 372; after Thermidor, 382, 388, 392-93; personal details, 108; miscellaneous, 250-51, 253, 254, 292, 340

Loire, 205, 213, 217

Lombardy, 338, 342

London, 211, 339, 346

Lorient, 210, 211-12

Lorraine, 57

Louis XIV, 23

Louis XV, 328

Louis XVI, 3, 6, 21-23, 57, 205, 278, 363, 391

Louis XVIII, 391, 392; see Provence, count of

Louis-Philippe, 395

Low Countries, see Belgium

Lower Rhine, 178 ff.

Luther, 323

Luxembourg, 60, 236-37, 281, 295, 378

Lyons, 16, 17, 31, 33, 100, 129, 133 ff., 153-76, 250, 270, 284, 297, 369

Machiavelli, 76

Mack, 351

Madagascar, 314

Magdeburg, 392

Maignet, 133 ff., 148, 153, 316

Maillard, 115, 261

Maintenon, 249

Mainz, 87, 390

Malesherbes, 316

Mallet du Pan, 336

Manchester, 153

Marat, 25, 38, 119, 188, 287, 325, 382

Maréchal, Sylvain, 327

Marie-Antoinette, 10, 24, 53, 113, 303, 339

Marly, 319

Marseilles, 33, 37, 174, 286

Marx, 167

Masonic lodges, 13

Masséna, 96

Mathiez, 116, 117, 193-97, 271-72, 284, 357, 367

Maubeuge, 88, 98 ff.

Maximum, first, 32; second or General, 69, 163, 184, 208, 233, 239-41, 244, 253, 314; third or revised General, 239, 253, 282, 311, 314-15, 359, 384

Méda, 379

Menin, 91

mercantilism, 227

Merenveüe, 99

mesmerism, 141

metallurgy, 236-37, 312

métayage, 314

metric system, 111, 235

Metternich, 293

Metz, 185

Meudon, 236, 355

Meuse, 351

Mézières, 235

Midi, 8, 251

Mignot, 141

Milhaud, 188

Ministry of the Interior, 65, 245

Ministry of War, see War Office

Mirabeau, 297

Moira, 214

Möllendorf, 351

Monet, 187, 191, 197-98

money policy, see assignats

Monge, 8, 100, 234

monopolies, see hoarding

Montauban, 10

Montesquieu, 15, 197, 276, 283, 307

Montgerout, 335

Montgolfier, 354

Morbihan, 209-12

Moreau, 96

Morris, Gouverneur, 310, 333

Moscow, 390

Mountain, defined, 25; division in, 201, 255 ff., 291

Müller, 194

munitions, 60, 99, 139, 209, 236-38, 321, 339

Muscadins, 38

museums, 319

Namur, 351, 358

Nantes, 106, 205, 220-24

Napoleon, see Bonaparte

national agents, 127, 327

nationalism, 19, 23, 80-81, 86, 185, 187 ff., 192, 216, 225-32, 320 ff., 332, 353-54, 385

Navigation Act, 228, 233

navy, 203-9, 218, 340, 343-50, 369

New England, 326

Nicolas, 171

Nièvre, 142, 151, 159-60

Nord, 58

Normandy, Lindet in, 31; Vendéans in, 213; Saint-André in, 214-17

noyades, 220-23, 281

Oise, 41

Orange, commission of, 307, 316, 366

Orange, Prince of, 100, 354

Organt, 10

Orléans, 395

Pache, 45

Paine, Thomas, 114, 230

Palais-Royal, 38

Panthéon, 310, 382

Parein, 168-69

Paris, see Commune

Pascal, 130

Payan, 315, 317-18, 370, 379

peasants, 131, 146, 168, 179, 204-5, 217, 240, 246, 281, 312-14, 319

people, idea of, 33-34, 47-48, 75, 126, 166, 276-77

Perdieu, 183

Pereira, 114, 120, 122

Père Lachaise, 393

Périer, 237, 242

Pérignon, 96

Péronne, 98, 100

Philippeaux, 258, 262, 266-67, 297

Philippe-Egalité, 395

philosophy—philosophes, 19, 46-47, 119, 143-44, 197, 276-77, 331-32, 395

Phipps, 352

Picardy, 9

Pichegru, 96, 105, 180, 191, 198, 350 ff.

Piedmont, see Sardinia

Pitt, 53, 64, 87, 212, 213, 338

Place Bellecour, 159

Place de la Révolution, 3, 303

plunder, 234, 341, 358-59

Plymouth, 349

Poland, 57, 337-39, 351

Police Bureau, see General Police Bureau

Polytechnic, 235

popular societies, see Jacobin clubs

Porte Saint-Denis, 63

Prairial, law of 22, 362, 363, 364-66, 369, 370, 378, 382

preemption, 226 ff.

price control, 62-63, 69-70, 134, 145; see Maximum

Prieur of the Côte-d’Or, before Revolution, 14, 16, 17; election to C.P.S., 41; functions in C.P.S., 108-9, 364; at Nantes, 106, 221; on public management, 226; and scientists, 234; on Philippeaux, 258; laws of Ventôse, 286; language, 320; balloons, 355; Thermidor, 369, 372; after Thermidor, 382, 388, 392-93; personal details, 108; miscellaneous, 56, 100, 237, 253, 288, 364

Prieur of the Marne, before Revolution, 14, 20; election to C.P.S., 39; in Brittany, 203-4, 210-13, 219-20, 222-24; at Brest, 343, 349-50; speech against England, 211-12; after Thermidor, 382, 388, 392-93; miscellaneous, 71, 85, 106, 341, 369

prisons, 67-68, 221, 300

Proli, 114, 120, 122, 292-93

Propaganda, the, 187 ff.

property, ideas for redistributing, 284-86, 312-15, 372, 395; see laws of Ventôse, Temporary Commission

Protestants, 10-11, 17, 204, 323, 390

Provence, count of, 24, 205

Provincial Assemblies, 13

Prussia, 5, 22, 57, 80, 278, 337 ff., 350 ff., 392

purifying scrutiny, 122-23, 174, 269, 281

Puritanism, 54, 193, 324, 389

Puy-de-Dôme, 130-52, 249-51

Pyrenees, 8, 18, 395

Quasdanowich, 354

Quiberon bay, 203, 343

Quimper, 217

Reason, worship of, at Paris, 119; at Strasbourg, 188; at Cherbourg, 215-16; in general, 325; see Dechristianization

refugees, 198-200, 341; see émigrés

Reims, 10

religion, ideas of Revolutionaries before Revolution, 11, 12-13, 18-19; attitude toward, 111, 187 ff., 211, 317, 326, 368; Revolution as a, 323-34; see Dechristianization, Supreme Being, Catholic church

Renault, 328

Rennes, 213, 221

representatives on mission, 28, 66, 72 ff., 86 ff., 124, 132-33, 181-82, 188, 191, 199-200, 217, 270, 306, 325

republic, theory before 1792, 19, 23, 73; contemporary ideas of, 125, 144-45, 150, 216, 257, 268, 275-77, 282-84, 310, 324, 396

revolutionary army, 47 ff., 53, 63, 74, 124, 127, 163, 168, 194, 246, 292, 306

revolutionary government, 75, 127, 261, 277, 306-10, 357; Robespierre’s theory of, 264

Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris, origin, 28, expansion, 46, Hébertists, 292-93; Dantonists, 300-3; Robespierrists, 370, 380; and labor disputes, 315, 379; and law of 22 Prairial, 365-66; miscellaneous, 96, 145, 220, 269, 295, 305, 371

revolutionary tribunals (outside Paris), 141, 150, 306-7; at Lyons, 155, 165, 169, 174; in Alsace, 185, 189; in Brittany, 217-18, 220

Rhine, 357

Rhineland, 41, 58, 104, 350

Richard, 353

Riom, 131, 251

Robespierre, Augustin, 266-67, 284, 341-42, 377-81

Robespierre, Maximilien, before Revolution, 6-7, 18, 20; election to C.P.S., 39; functions in C.P.S., 108-9, 364; ideas in summer 1793, 39, 58; on bourgeoisie, 34, 68; September 5, 45 ff.; on war, 58, 342; speech of September 25, 71; on revolutionary calendar, 112; Foreign Plot, 113 ff., 265-66; Dechristianization, 117-22, 326; Lyons, 157, 163 ff., 171; ideas in winter 1793-94, 257; on Danton, 58, 269, 296-97; on Desmoulins, 259-60, 267-68, 271, 288; on revolutionary government, 264; on purpose of Revolution, 275-76; toleration, 271, 327, 368; democracy, 276, 279, 311, 381; illness, 280 ff.; laws of Ventôse, 284, 313; factions, 289-303; Police Bureau, 309; attempts on his life, 328, 367; worship of the Supreme Being, 323-34; as seen by foreigners, 327, 337; Genoa, 342; Thermidorians, 362 ff.; law of 22 Prairial, 366; withdrawal from C.P.S., 369 ff.; ideas in summer 1794, 370-71; Thermidor, 371-81; character and personal details, 6, 108, 280-82, 333, 370; posthumous reputation, 382-83, 388, 389, 395-96; miscellaneous, 4, 35, 98, 100, 101, 106, 171, 197, 200, 254, 278, 287, 338, 352

Rochambeau, 18

Rome, 19

Ronsin, 168-69, 171, 173, 261, 269, 281, 292-93

Rossignol, 214

Rousseau, 15, 19-20, 33, 74 ff., 143, 197, 268, 291, 295, 310, 319, 323, 332, 389

Roussillon, 37

Roux, 36

Russia, 5, 57, 337, 339, 392

Rutledge, 114

Saarbrücken, 187

Sables d’Olonne, 251

Saint-André, Jeanbon, before Revolution, 10-12, 17, 18; election to C.P.S., 38; functions in C.P.S., 109; attitude to Robespierre, 39-40, 369; September 5, 45, 48 ff.; in Brittany, 106, 203-9, 213-19, 221, 280; religious ideas, 215-16; visits to Paris, 270, 369; naval expedition of 1794, 343-50; Thermidor, 369, 389; after Thermidor, 382, 388, 390-91; character and personal details, 11, 108; miscellaneous, 36, 63, 66, 85, 91, 234, 263

Saint-Denis, 249

Sainte-Foy, 153

Saint-Hilaire, marquis of, 185, 197

Saint-Just, before Revolution, 9-10, 16; election to C.P.S., 32; functions in C.P.S., 73, 109, 364; attitude to Robespierre, 40, 364, 374; law of October 10, 73-77; Foreign Plot, 113, 116; in Alsace, 104, 177-201; economic ideas, 186, 284; national ideas, 230-32, 353; factions, 282, 286 ff., 299-300, 371; writings, 10, 73, 282-84; laws of Ventôse, 284-87, 308, 312-14; Police Bureau, 308-10; on northern front, 309, 350-54; Chénier, 318; supposed speech on propaganda abroad, 338; break with Carnot, 364; Thermidor, 285, 371-81; character and personal details, 9-10, 73-74, 108, 180, 190, 282, 367; miscellaneous, 71, 101, 118, 158, 243, 277, 340

Saint-Malo, 280, 341

Saint-Quentin, 87, 105

Sambre, 98, 351 ff.

Sané, 209

Sardinia, 57, 80, 86, 154, 337-39, 341-42

Sarrebourg, 85

Savenay, 219

Saverne, 180, 190

scarcity, 27, 36, 40, 46-47, 63-64, 145, 146, 226, 251-52, 290; see economic regulation, hoarding

Scheldt, 87

Schmertzing, 354

Schneider, 187, 189, 190, 191, 194

School of Mars, 322-23, 378

science, 234 ff., 354 ff.

sections of Paris, 26-27, 43, 51-52, 120, 124, 237, 294, 378; see Commune, Hébertism

sections of Lyons, 155

Serrurier, 96

socialism, 46, 157, 226, 260, 304, 394

social legislation, 312 ff.; see laws of Ventôse, labor policies, property, economic regulation, economic theories

Somme, 57

Sorel, A., 56-57, 337

Soulet, 65

Soult, 356

Spain, 5, 57, 80, 86, 337-38, 341

Sparta, 19, 54, 180, 190, 252, 276, 282, 315

Speir, bishop of, 178

Stalin, 120

Strasbourg, 85, 178 ff., 270, 376

Subsistence Commission, 70, 109-10, 124, 226, 232 ff., 245-52, 270, 282, 307, 311-12, 340, 343, 384

Supreme Being, 34, 118, 144, 323, 325; worship of the, 327-33, 363, 364-65, 368

suspects, 66-67, 305, 314, 340, 371; see Law of Suspects

Switzerland, 11, 59, 116, 237, 391

Sybel, von, 352

Tacitus, 259-60

Tallien, 363, 367, 376-77

Tarbes, 9, 395

telegraph, 82, 103, 236

Temporary Commission, 167-68, 171

Terror, beginning, 44 ff.; nature of, 56 ff., 103, 128-29, 160, 218, 254-55, 272, 316, 362, 370-71, 385, 392; contemporary theory of, 75-77, 129, 259, 276-77; Robespierre on purpose of, 264, 272 ff.; at Lyons, 170-76; in Alsace, 192, 200; at Nantes, 220-24; in Belguim, 359; Grand Terror, 305-6, 316-17, 362 ff.; after Thermidor, 382

Texier, 183

Théot, 368, 377, 394

Thermidor, 285, 312, 361-84, 395; day of 8 Thermidor, 372-75; of 9 Thermidor, 375-79; of 10 Thermidor, 379-81

Thermidorians, 362 ff.

Thévenard, 207

Thompson, J. M., 109, 272

Thiers, 131

Thorin, Mme., 74

Thuriot, 38, 45, 52, 71

Timoléon, 317

Toulon, 43, 86, 154, 158, 174, 203, 369

Toulouse, 8, 10

Tours, 212

Tribunate, 391

Trotsky, 122

Tuileries, 3, 25, 45, 60, 110, 236, 319, 329

Turkish empire, 104, 339, 390

Turreau, 220

Ulm, 351

United Provinces, see Holland

United States, 59, 212, 234, 250, 343, 389

University of Paris, 6, 65

Upper Rhine, 116, 192-98

Ushant, 343

Vadier, 368-69, 377, 394-95

Valenciennes, 41, 87, 306, 350

Valmy, 24

Vandermonde, 234

Vannes, 204, 210, 212, 222

Van Stabel, 209, 219, 343 ff.

Vendée, 23, 37, 43, 105, 129, 163, 168, 174, 205-24, 258; English plans for intervention, 205-6, 209, 214

Vengeur, 346

Venice, 338

Ventôse, laws of, 187, 284-87, 288, 296, 308, 312-14, 371

Versailles, 115, 319

Vienna, 337, 339

Vieux Cordelier, 259-60, 263, 267-68

Vieuzac, 8, 9

Villaret-Joyeuse, 207, 209, 344 ff.

Vincent, 261-62, 269, 281, 287, 292-93

Virginie, 389

Volney, 318

Voltaire, 112, 119, 197, 368

wages, see labor policies

War Office, 46, 51, 79, 82, 86, 110, 191, 236, 238, 262, 281

Warsaw, 58, 392

Waterloo, 354, 391

Wattignies, 101, 103, 350

West Indies, 343

Whigs, 338

Wight, isle of, 341

Wissembourg, 104, 178

Wordsworth, 323

Wurmser, 179-80

York, duke of, 87 ff., 100, 351

Ypres, 351, 353

Zopf, 354

Zuider Zee, 357