For ease of reference, I have made use of modern translations of the primary sources whenever possible (with some occasional slight adjustments). Otherwise, quotations are my own translations from the original Latin or Anglo-Norman French, or – in a couple of cases – modernized from Middle English.
| Ann. Mon. | Annales Monastici, ed. Henry Richards Luard, Rolls Series 36, 5 vols (London: 1864–9) |
| ASR | Anglo-Scottish Relations, 1174–1328: Some Selected Documents, ed. and trans. E. L. G. Stones, 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970) |
| Bury St Edmunds | The Chronicle of Bury St Edmunds, 1212–1301, ed. and trans. Antonia Gransden (London: Nelson, 1964) |
| EHD | English Historical Documents: Volume III: 1189–1327, trans. Harry Rothwell (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1975) |
| Flores Historiarum | Flores Historiarum, ed. Henry Richards Luard, Rolls Series 95, 3 vols (London: 1890) |
| Fœdera | Fœdera, Conventiones, Litteræ, et Cujuscunque Generis Publica, ed. T. Rymer, 4 vols in 7 parts (London: Record Commission, 1816–69) |
| Guisborough | The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, ed. H. Rothwell, Camden Society, 3rd Series, 89 (London: 1957) |
| Lanercost | The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346, trans. Herbert Maxwell (Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons, 1913) |
| Langtoft | The Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft, ed. and trans. Thomas Wright, Rolls Series 47, 2 vols (London: 1866–8), II |
| M. Parisiensis | Matthaei Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani Chronica Majora, ed. Henry Richards Luard, Rolls Series 57, 7 vols (London: 1872–83), V |
| Statutes | Statutes of the Realm (1101–1713), ed. and trans. A. Luders et al., 11 vols (London: Record Commission, 1810–28) |
1. Edward Jenks, Edward Plantagenet (Edward I): The English Justinian, or, The Making of the Common Law (New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1902), p. iii.
1. Nicholai Triveti, Annales Sex Regum Angliae, ed. Thomas Hog (London: English Historical Society, 1845), pp. 281–2.
2. Guisborough, p. 382.
1. EHD, p. 936.
2. Calendar of Charter Rolls: Henry III: 1226–1257, ed. H. C. Maxwell-Lyte (London: HMSO, 1903), p. 389.
3. M. Parisiensis, p. 383.
4. M. Parisiensis, p. 450.
5. Calendar of Charter Rolls: Henry III, p. 447.
6. Fœdera, I.i, p. 297.
7. M. Parisiensis, p. 597.
8. M. Parisiensis, p. 614.
9. M. Parisiensis, p. 598.
10. ‘Annals of Tewkesbury’, in Ann. Mon., I, p. 164.
11. Quoted in D. A. Carpenter, ‘The Lord Edward’s Oath to Aid and Counsel Simon de Montfort, 15 October 1259’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 58 (1985), p. 235.
12. ‘Annals of Burton’, in Ann. Mon., I, p. 471.
13. ‘Continuation of Gervase of Canterbury’s Gesta Regum’, in The Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury, ed. William Stubbs, Rolls Series 73, 2 vols (London: 1879–80), II, pp. 220–21.
14. Bribery: Flores Historiarum, II, pp. 484–5; ‘Annals of Dunstable’, in Ann. Mon., III, p. 225. Persuasion: ‘Chronicle of Thomas Wykes’, in Ann. Mon., IV, p. 137.
15. Documents of the Baronial Movement of Reform and Rebellion 1258–1267, ed. and trans. R. E. Treharne and I. J. Sanders (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973), p. 295.
16. Fœdera, I.i, p. 481.
17. Quoted in Marc Morris, A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (London: Hutchinson, 2008), p. 100.
18. Quoted in F. M. Powicke, King Henry III and the Lord Edward, 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966), p. 688.
19. Anglo-Norman Political Songs, ed. and trans. Isabel S. T. Aspin, Anglo-Norman Text Society, 11 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1953), p. 84.
20. Flores Historiarum, III, p. 28.
1. ‘Annals of Dunstable’, in Ann. Mon., III, p. 263.
2. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward I: 1272–1281, ed. H. C. Maxwell Lyte (London: HMSO, 1901), p. 343.
3. Guisborough, p. 216.
4. Chronica Johannis de Oxenedes, ed. Henry Ellis, Rolls Series 13 (London: 1859), p. 266.
5. Statutes, I, p. 107.
6. Statutes, I, p. 71.
7. The Statute of Acton Burnell was so-called because it was passed at the Parliament held at Acton Burnell (see pp. 34–5). The Statute of Merchants was enacted at the Westminster Parliament of Easter 1285; it was known by its subject matter to distinguish it from the Statute of Westminster II, passed at the same Parliament.
8. Guisborough, p. 216.
9. There is little evidence of the procedure for electing representatives, but it appears that they were usually chosen by consensus, by the great and the good of the shires and boroughs, from among their own number.
10. Bury St Edmunds, p. 135.
11. EHD, p. 503.
12. Calendar of Close Rolls: Edward I: 1302–1307, ed. H. C. Maxwell Lyte (London: HMSO, 1908), p. 454.
13. Quoted in Naomi D. Hurnard, The King’s Pardon for Homicide before 1307 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969), p. 248.
14. Statutes, I, p. 26.
15. Fœdera, I.ii, p. 842.
16. Bartholomæi de Cotton, Historia Anglicana, ed. Henry Richards Luard, Rolls Series 16 (London: 1859), p. 318.
17. Guisborough, pp. 289–90.
18. Flores Historiarum, III, p. 296.
19. EHD, p. 482.
20. EHD, p. 483.
21. EHD, p. 486.
22. Bury St Edmunds, p. 142.
23. Willelmi Rishanger, Chronica et Annales, ed. Henry Thomas Riley, Rolls Series 28 (London: 1865), p. 405.
24. Fœdera, I.ii, p. 978.
1. Langtoft, pp. 264–6.
2. Bury St Edmunds, p. 133.
3. Calendar of Ancient Correspondence Concerning Wales, ed. J. Goronwy Edwards (Cardiff: University Press Board, 1935), p. 93.
4. Ann. Mon., IV, p. 277.
5. Printed in G. W. S. Barrow, ‘A Kingdom in Crisis: Scotland and the Maid of Norway’, Scottish Historical Review, 49 (1990), p. 138.
6. ‘Annals of Waverley’, in Ann. Mon., II, p. 409.
7. ASR, p. 103.
8. ASR, p. 109.
9. Bury St Edmunds, pp. 118–20; Langtoft, pp. 197–9.
10. Guisborough, pp. 251–2.
11. Lanercost, p. 135. It should be noted that the ‘Lanercost’ chronicle (so called by its nineteenth-century editor) was probably compiled not at Lanercost (a house of Augustinian canons), but at the Franciscan Friary at Carlisle.
12. Johannis de Fordun: Chronica Gentis Scotorum, trans. William F. Skene, 2 vols (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1871–2), II, p. 319.
13. Sir Thomas Gray: Scalacronica (1272–1363), ed. and trans. Andy King, Surtees Society, 209 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005), p. 39.
14. Rishanger, ed. Riley, p. 385.
15. Lanercost, p. 169.
16. ASR, p. 240.
17. For the quotes, see ASR, p. 251.
18. Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, ed. Joseph Bain, 4 vols (Edinburgh: HM General Register House, 1881–8), II, no. 1926.
19. Anglo-Norman Political Songs, ed. Aspin, p. 84.
20. Andrew Ayton, ‘English Armies in the Fourteenth Century’, in Arms, Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War, ed. Anne Curry and Michael Hughes (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1994), p. 29.
1. Quoted in Michael Prestwich, Edward I, 2nd edn (New Haven, Conn., and London: Yale University Press, 1997), p. 440.
2. Calendar of Close Rolls: Edward I: 1288–1296, ed. H. C. Maxwell Lyte (London: HMSO, 1904), p. 515.
3. EHD, p. 476.
4. Select Documents of English Constitutional History, trans. George Burton Adams and H. Morse Stephens (New York and London: Macmillan, 1901), no. 46.
5. Quoted in D. L. d’Avray, Death and the Prince: Memorial Preaching before 1350 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 72.
6. The Ledger Book of Vale Royal Abbey, ed. John Brownbill, Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 68 (Manchester: 1914), p. 4.
7. Printed in J. H. Denton, ‘The Crisis of 1297 from the Evesham Chronicle’, English Historical Review, 93 (1978), p. 571.
8. Translated in Olivier de Laborderie, J. R. Maddicott and D. A. Carpenter, ‘The Last Hours of Simon de Montfort: A New Account’, English Historical Review, 115 (2000), p. 411.
9. Lanercost, p. 35.
10. Calendar of Various Chancery Rolls: 1277–1326, ed. H. C. Maxwell Lyte (London: HMSO, 1912), pp. 281–2.
11. The Political Songs of England, from the Reign of John to that of Edward II, ed. Thomas Wright, Camden Society, 1st Series, 6 (London: 1839), pp. 213, 214.
12. EHD, pp. 525–6.
13. Marc Morris, ‘Edward I and the Knights of the Round Table’, in Foundations of Medieval Scholarship: Records Edited in Honour of David Crook, ed. Paul Brand and Sean Cunningham (York: Borthwick Institute, 2008).
14. Flores Historiarum, III, p. 59. The origins of ‘Arthur’s Crown’ are obscure – as is its eventual fate; it appears already to have been missing when the Crown Jewels were destroyed in 1649.
1. Johannis de Fordun, trans. Skene, II, p. 336.
2. Langtoft, p. 380.
3. Year Books of the Reign of King Edward the First, ed. and trans. Alfred J. Horwood, Rolls Series 31, 5 vols (London: 1863–79), V, p. 82.
4. Bury St Edmunds, p. 133.
5. The Book of the Ordre of Chyualry, ed. Alfred T. P. Byles, Early English Text Society, Original Series 168 (London: 1926), pp. 122–3.
6. The Brut, ed. Friedrich W. D. Brie, Early English Text Society, Original Series 131 and 136, 2 vols (London: 1906–8), I, p. 204.