INDEX

a priori, a posteriori 246

abstraction 141–2, 254

Academics (philosophers) 87, 245

accidents, xxix–xxxi, 11, 34, 106, 110, 163, 206, 266

see also mode, real accident, substance act/potentiality 236, 252, 260

acts and subject 107–11

Alexander the Great 261

Alquié, Ferdinand xiv n. 12, xxvi n. 45, xxxv, 71 n. 10, 246, 249, 255, 259, 262, 263, 266, 268, 269

America 265

Amsterdam xvi

analogical 245

analytic method 99–102, 160, 246–7, 256

angels 85, 91, 94–5, 112–13, 172, 179, 197, 199, 203

animal spirits 131, 147, 148, 251, 254

animals xxxvii, 69, 114, 130, 131, 147, 148, 168, 169, 172, 175, 182, 187, 188, 199, 203, 221, 234, 265, 271

Anselm, St xxxii, 76, 81, 260

Antipodes 265

Apelles 263

Apollonius 5

Aquinas, St Thomas xx n. 29, xxxi, xlii n. 3, 67, 75, 76, 79, 81, 234, 240, 242, 244, 245, 252

Archimedes 5, 17, 155, 158, 233, 256, 268

Ariew, Roger xiv n. 12, xx n. 26, xxx n. 54, 67 n. 1, 70 n. 9, 237, 242

Ariew, Roger and Marjorie Grene xiv n. 12, xxx n. 54, 67 n. 1, 242, 247

Aristotle, Aristotelianism xiii, xix–xxi, xxv, xxix–xxx, xxxviii, xxxix, 75, 156, 160, 162, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241, 246, 247, 249, 251, 252, 255, 256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 264, 266, 267

Armogathe, Jean-Robert xv n. 14, 67

Arnauld, Antoine xvi, xxxiii n. 56, xxxiv–xxxv, 68, 125–64, 232, 238, 239, 250–8, 259

atheists xliii, 8, 85–6, 92–3, 124, 179

Augustine of Hippo, St xvi n. 18, xxi, 68, 126, 131, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 235, 251, 252, 253

authority 139, 140, 165, 190, 202, 213, 229

axiom 247

Ayers, Michael xi n. 3

Baker, Gordon xxxvii n. 65, 271

Bannius, Johannes Albertus 67

Barker, Francis xxxvii n. 63

Beeckman, Isaac x

Bible 3–4, 93–4, 232, 244–5

Bloch, Olivier René 69 n. 7

Bloemart, Augustine 67

body, bodies (in general) xxix, xxxii–xxxiv, 19, 20, 22, 24, 31–2, 45–7, 51–64, 250, 257, 259, 260

body (human) xxviii, xxxii–xxxiv, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 51–63, 233, 241, 248, 261

Bourdin, Pierre xvi, xxvi, 69–73, 268–71

Boyle, Robert xi n. 3

brain xxxiv, 61–3, 89, 103, 131, 147–8, 167–9, 182, 188–9, 208

Bucephalus 261, 264

Calvin, Jean (Calvinists, Calvinism) xvi n. 18, 120, 246, 249–50, 257, 263, 266

Canadians 85, 244

Carraud, Vincent 68 n. 6

Carriero, John xlii n. 2

Caterus, Johannes 67, 74–84, 241–4, 252

causal principle xxx, 29–30, 35, 85, 89, 172, 191

cause, causation 35–6, 232, 238, 243, 244, 249, 255, 259; efficient 75, 104, 133–7, 149, 151–7, 172, 191, 193, 207, 252, 255, 259, 262

final 40, 175, 193, 237, 259; formal 156, 255, 259

material 156, 172, 191, 259

Cave, Terence 234

certainty xxv, xxix, xxxiv–xxxv, 94–5, 232, 234, 239, 244, 246, 262, 267, 268–9, 270

Châtellerault ix

children, childhood 13, 59, 130, 147, 232

Christina, Queen of Sweden x

Churchill, Winston 261

Cicero 244, 265

circle, arguing in a xxxiv–xxxv, 85, 92, 137,: 58, 235, 239, 244, 253, 263, 268

Clarke, Desmond M. ix n. 1, xvi n. 16, xix n. 24, xxxvii n. 65, xli n. 267

Clerselier, Claude xvi, xvii, 246, 270

Cogito xii, xxvi–xxviii, 18, 92, 107–8, 234, 236, 246, 268, 271

cognitio xlii–xliv

‘common sense’ 23, 61, 234, 241

conduct of life 12, 96, 138, 159, 185, 227

conscious, consciousness 80, 137, 158–9, 240, 256, 262, 267, 271

conservation: identical with creation 35–6, 135, 174, 192

‘Conversation with Burman’ xxvii

Cottingham, John xiii n. 10, xx nn. 26–7, xxxiii n. 56, xxxv n. 60, xxxvii nn. 64–5, 235, 246

criterion 236, 248

Curley, Edwin M. xix n. 25, xxv n. 43, xxxv n. 60, xliv, 234

custom xxviii, 16, 17, 23, 38, 47, 51, 52, 59

Dear, Peter xiv n. 12, 247

deceiver hypothesis xxvi, xxix, 15–19, 26, 37, 166, 184

deception: can God deceive us? xxxiii, xliii, 37, 38–42, 86, 94, 123, 199, 204

degrees of reality 106, 116–17

demonstration 232

denomination (extrinsic) 74, 77, 241, 242

Derrida, Jacques xxiv n. 39

Descartes, works by: Dioptrics (La Dioptrique) xi, 160, 256, 257, 267

A Discourse on the Method (Discours de la méthode) ix n. 2, x, xi, xii, xiii, xiv n. 12, xx n. 29, xxiv, xlii, 7–8, 72, 97, 126, 127, 138, 147, 148, 159, 219, 232, 233, 239, 240, 253, 254, 256, 259, 265, 268

Geometry (La Géométrie) xi

Meteorology (Les Météores) xi, 160, 256

Passions of the Soul, The (Les Passions de l’âme) xi, xxxvii, xli, 241, 251, 254, 262, 265

Principles of Philosophy xi, xiii n. 10, xx n. 27, xli, 70, 232, 234, 236, 237, 240, 244, 245, 254, 257, 266

Rules for the Direction of the Mind xxvii

The World (Le Monde) xi, xxxiii, 241, 249

Dicker, Georges xxv n. 43, xxxv n. 60

Dinet, Jacques xvi, xvii, xli, 70

distinction, kinds of 236

formal 76, 83–4

modal 84

real 55, 84, 141–4

see also mind

Don Quixote 233

doubt xii, xxvi, xxxiii, 10, 12, 13–18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25–6, 28, 33, 34, 38, 40, 42–3, 45, 50, 55, 57, 63–4, 87, 107, 138, 145, 159–60, 233, 239, 248, 260, 267, 268, 270

dreams, dreaming xxv, xxxiv 14–15, 16, 17, 20, 63–4, 72, 107, 123–4, 166, 168, 180, 184, 186, 189, 190, 199, 215–16, 217–18, 222, 223, 224–5, 227, 250

dualism xxxvi–xxxviii

Duns Scotus 76, 83, 242

efficient cause, see cause

Elisabeth of Bohemia x, xxxvi, xxxvii

Elzevier (publishers) xvi

eminent 29, 30, 32, 33, 56, 235

Empiricus, Sextus xviii

entelechy 260

Epicureanism 69

equivocal, equivocity 245

error xxxi–xxxii, xxxiv, 12, 38–45, 119–21, 175–6, 194, 237, 238, 241, 250, 253, 256, 259

essence 45–51, 52, 55, 59, 74–5, 76, 78, 81, 83, 86, 108, 110, 122–3, 127–30, 136–7, 140–1, 144, 152–5, 168, 176, 177–8, 179–80, 192, 195–6, 205, 206–7, 209, 212, 225, 226, 244, 255, 256, 260

and existence 81, 86, 122–3, 176–7, 195–6

eternal truths 263, 266

Eucharist 139–40, 160–5, 253, 257–8

Euripus 241

evil genius 166, 178, 214, 218, 219, 256

see also deceiver hypothesis

experiments 240, 259

extended substance 258, 264, 269, 270, 271

extended thing 104, 127–30, 181, 182, 188, 202

extended, extension xxxii, xxxvi, 15, 17, 22, 31, 32, 45, 53, 55, 56, 61

extrinsic denomination, see denomination

faith 3, 138–9, 140, 159

falsity 26–7, 31, 33, 38–45, 195

falsity, material 31, 33, 132–3, 149–51, 252

formal cause, see cause

formal reality 29–30, 32, 33, 34, 56, 171–2, 235–6, 243, 252, 259

Foucault, Michel xxiv n. 39

Francine (Descartes’s daughter) x

Frankfurt, Harry G. xxv n. 43, xxxv nn. 59–60

free will, freedom 40–4, 120, 176, 194, 237, 246, 250, 266

Gabbey, Alan 237

Galen 252

Galileo xi

Garber, Daniel xi n. 3, xx n. 27, xxxvi n. 62, 67, 247, 267

Gassendi, Pierre xi n. 3, xvi, xvii, xxii, xxvi, xxxix, 69, 70, 166–98, 258–64, 265

Gaukroger, Stephen ix n. 1, xi n. 4, xix nn. 24–5, xx n. 27, xxi n. 32, xxvi n. 44

Gaunilo 260

gender xxxvii

geometrical method 86, 99–102

geometry 5, 10, 12

Germany x

Gibieuf, Guillaume xi, xxxix, 238

Gilson, Étienne 240, 266

God: cause of himself 67, 80, 133–7, 151–8, 252, 255–6

existence of xii, xvi n. 17, xxxiv–xxxv, 25–37, 45–51

proofs of 4–6

causal proof xxix–xxxi, 7–8, 25–37, 67, 75, 76–80, 89–91, 131–7, 171–4, 191–3, 235–6, 242, 243, 252, 255, 259

ontological proof xxxii, 45–51, 67, 75, 81–3, 86, 97–8, 177–8, 196–7, 238–9, 243–4, 255, 259–60

incomprehensible 86, 92, 118–19, 171, 191–2

see also idea of God, knowledge of God

Gouhier, Henri xv n. 13, xvi n. 18, 247

grace 3, 41, 96, 237, 246, 253, 266

Grayling, A. C. ix n. 1

Grene, Marjorie, see Ariew, Roger

habit 16, 24, 40, 44, 58

Hallyn, Fernand xiv n. 12

Hatfield, Gary xiv n. 12, xv n. 15, xxi n. 27, xxii nn. 36–7, xxv n. 43, xxxiv, xxxv nn. 59–60, 235, 257

Hegel, G. W. F. xxxix

Heidegger, Martin xxxviii, 271

Helena (Descartes’s partner) x

heliocentrism xi

Hobbes, Thomas xvi, xxii, 68, 69, 70, 107–24, 235, 248–50, 251, 259, 261

Leviathan 249

Hoffman, Paul xlii n. 2

Hume, David xxxix

humour theory 233

Hurons 85, 244

Husserl, Edmund xxvii–xxix, xxxviii, xxxix

Huygens, Constantijn xiv n. 11

Hyperaspistes 237

idea, ideas (in general) xxix–xxxi, xxxix, 26–34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45–8, 52, 53–6, 58, 60, 77–9, 112–19, 170–5, 190–3, 235, 236, 238, 242–3, 244, 249, 252, 254–5, 259

not mental images 106, 113–14, 115, 191

clear and distinct xxxii, 55, 127, 150, 173, 181–2, 261, 264

kinds of: adventitious 27–8, 170, 190

factitious 27, 170, 190

innate 27, 37, 118, 119, 270

of body 42, 52, 82, 84, 127, 172, 181, 222, 250, 251

of God 32–5, 37, 39, 47, 48, 78–9, 80, 85, 89–90, 112–19, 132, 150, 171–5, 191–3, 196, 200, 218, 232, 235, 236, 243, 244, 245, 246, 249, 254–5, 263, 264

of the infinite 249

of one’s self, mind, or soul 32, 37, 55, 115, 116, 127, 172, 181, 225, 236, 261, 267

imagination xxxiii, 12, 19–24, 25, 27, 38, 41, 45–6, 47–8, 51–3, 56, 102, 103, 112–15, 150, 169, 188, 189, 198, 203, 220, 221, 223, 228

immortality xvi n. 17, 4, 10, 86, 99, 130–1, 147, 227, 230, 239, 245, 251

imperfect, imperfection 16, 30, 34, 38, 40, 44, 75, 79, 135, 136, 151, 173, 175, 178, 194, 200

indifference 237, 238, 259

infinite regress 36–7, 174, 192, 236

infinity 80–1, 86, 91–2

intellect xxxi, 19, 24, 40–5, 51–2, 54, 58, 74, 76–9, 80, 81–3, 85, 88, 90–1, 95, 98, 102, 104, 105, 130, 141–2, 149–50, 151, 169, 171, 172, 175–6, 177, 180–1, 189, 191, 194–5, 197, 200, 202, 203, 207–8, 208–9, 233, 237, 239, 242–3, 254, 259, 261, 267

see also will

intellection (distinguished from imagination) 24, 51–2, 131, 168, 179, 191, 197–8

intuition 235, 266

Italy x

James, Susan xxxvii n. 66

Jansenists, Jansenism xvi, 68

Jansenius, Cornelius xvi n. 18

Jesuits (Society of Jesus) ix, xvi, xli, 70

Judowitz, Dalia xxviii n. 50

Kant, Immanuel xxvii–xxix, xxxii, xxxix, 246, 260, 266

Kenny, Anthony xxxv n. 60, 235, 266, 269

knowledge xii, xviii–xxi, xxiv, xxv, xxvi–xxxi, xxxix, xlii–xliv, 12, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25, 33–4, 38, 39–40, 41, 42, 44, 49–51, 54, 58, 67, 71, 86, 92–3, 95, 97, 98, 106, 120, 121, 124, 129, 141–2, 156, 166, 168, 171, 172. 175, 176, 178–9, 190, 197, 199, 201, 211, 213, 215, 217, 218, 223, 224, 225–6, 232, 233, 234, 235, 238, 245, 246, 250, 253, 254, 255, 259, 261, 264, 266, 267, 269, 270

of God 3–4, 75–6, 80–1, 87, 92, 126, 127, 157, 175, 236, 244, 260

of one’s own existence 108–9, 199, 201, 219, 224 (see also Cogito)

of one’s self 87, 126, 128, 130, 144, 168–70, 172, 188, 189–90, 198, 223, 225, 251, 260, 269

of substance 110, 116, 142, 171

Kretzmann, Norman xlii n. 3

La Flèche ix, xvi

La Haye ix

Laporte, Jean 266

Larmore, Charles xxvi n. 44

Lateran, Council of the 4

Le Dœuff, Michèle xxii n. 38

Le Mans ix

Leibniz xxxvi, xxxix, 68, 243, 260

Lennon, Thomas M. 69 n. 7

Leo X, Pope 4

Levinas, Emmanuel xl

Lewis, C. S. 265

Lewis, Geneviève xxxix n. 69

see also Rodis-Lewis

Lichtenberg, C. G. xxvii Lloyd, Genevieve xxxvii n. 63

Locke, John xxxix, 265

Loeb, Louis E. xxxv nn. 59–60, 72

logic 80

Louis XIV 68

Lucretius 239

Luther, Lutheran 257

Luynes, duc de xvi

MacDonald, Scott xlii n. 3

Maclean, Ian ix, xlii, 252, 259

madness, mad people xxiv, 14, 130, 147

Malebranche, Nicolas xvi n. 18, xxxvi, xxxix, 68, 233, 261, 265

Marion, Jean-Luc 72, 271

material things: essence of 45–7

existence of 51–7

mathematics 15, 26, 47, 51–2, 57, 67, 136, 170, 179, 195–6, 197, 199, 201, 205, 207, 211, 214, 239, 240, 247, 254

matter x–xi, xx; see also body

Maurice of Nassau x

Maximilian, duke of Bavaria x

mechanism (theory) x–xi

meditation xiii–xv, xxi–xxv, 101, 147

memory xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxv, 17, 24, 44, 49–50, 53, 63–4, 92, 95, 100, 118, 123–4, 158, 159, 188

Menn, Stephen xv n. 13, xxi n. 30, xxx n. 54, xlii n. 3, 242, 251

Mersenne, Marin xi, xi–xii, xiii n. 10, xv, xvi, xxxix, 67, 68, 69, 127, 140, 183, 232, 245, 247, 253, 257, 263, 265

Mesland 250, 257, 266

metaphor xxii, xxiv–xxv, 121

mind 10–11, 17–24, 51–63

always thinking 118, 130, 159, 168, 188, 259

really distinct from body (or not) xvi n. 17, xxxiii, xxxvi–xxxviii, 4, 6, 12, 51–63, 76, 83–4, 85, 86–9, 125–31, 140–8, 166–9, 180–3, 185–90, 197–8, 201–3, 209–13, 221, 225–6, 234, 239, 240, 251–2, 258–9, 263, 267, 268, 269–70, 271

united with body xxxiii–xxxiv, xxxvi–xxxviii, 12, 57–63, 147, 182, 202, 207, 237, 241, 262

miracle 164

Montaigne, Michel de xviii–xix, xxi n. 35, xxiv n. 40, xxv n. 42, 239

Moriarty, Michael xxxvii n. 66, xxxix n. 69

Morin, Jean-Baptiste 67

Morris, Katherine J. xxxvii n. 65, 271

Muslims 245, 264

Nadler, Steven xi n. 3, 68 n. 5, 233, 249

natural light 12, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 37, 43, 58, 80, 83, 89, 90, 96, 103, 120, 134, 135, 136, 153, 154, 155, 166, 235, 252, 255

nature 19, 57–63

negation 32–3, 39, 41, 44, 114, 173, 191, 194, 237–8

Nelson, Alan 238

Netherlands (United Provinces) x

Neuburg x

Newcastle, Marquess of 265

Nicole, Pierre 68

Nietzsche, Friedrich xxvii

Nolan, Lawrence 238

nutrition xxviii, 147, 166, 167, 185, 188, 218, 219

Objections and Replies xv–xvi, 9, 67–73

objective reality xxx–xxxi, 29–30, 33–4, 56, 67, 74–5, 76–9, 116–17, 171, 235, 236, 243, 252, 259

observations 259

Ockham, William of 68, 233

Odysseus xxx

opinion 13, 15, 16, 24, 26, 50, 57, 138–9

original sin 253

Osler, Margaret J. 69 n. 7

Pappus 5

Paris xv, xvi, xxi

Pascal, Blaise 68 n. 4

Pelagian heresy 253

perception xliv–xlv

perception, clear and distinct xxix, xxxii, xxxiv–xxxv, 11, 25–6, 30, 31, 33, 43–4, 47, 48–50, 51, 55–7, 95, 70, 190, 216, 225–6

questioned 86, 170, 176, 201, 215, 223

perfect, perfection 29–31, 33–6, 38, 39, 40, 41–3, 44, 45, 47–8, 59, 75, 76, 80, 81, 82–3, 85, 90, 92, 93, 103, 105, 106, 133, 154–5, 171, 173–5, 177–8, 180, 191–2, 193, 194, 196, 236, 244, 260, 261

existence as a 244, 260

Phillips, Henry 269

philosophical and religious language 93–4

pineal gland 241

Plato 107, 130, 178, 235, 240, 261

Poitiers x

Poitou ix

Popkin, Richard xix n. 25

Porphyrian tree 269

Port-Royal 68

postulates 247

practical life 233, 241, 268

Prague x

prejudice 10, 80, 89, 95, 99, 100–1, 105, 166, 183–4, 190, 191, 195, 197, 201, 208, 210, 212, 213, 217, 226, 232

primary notions 89, 100

privation 31, 39, 43, 121, 132, 149–50, 195, 204, 210, 237–8, 241, 252

prosopopoeia 261

Protestants ix, x

Providence 175

psychoanalysis xxxviii

Pyrrhonism xviii, xxi, 233, 245, 248

Pythagoras 268

Quintilian 261

real accidents 160, 200, 206

see also sensible qualities

real qualities 249, 256, 267

reasoning 112

Regius x, 267

rhetoric xxii, xxiii, 183, 184–5, 186, 232, 261, 269,

Rodis-Lewis, Geneviève ix n. 1, xvi n. 18, xxi n. 33

romance 245

Rorty, Amelie Oksenberg xiv n. 12, xxxvii n. 66

Ross, W. D. xx n. 26, 237, 261

Rozemond, Marleen xxxvii n. 65

salvation 266

Sartre, Jean-Paul xl, 255

savages 85, 244, 246

scandal 253

sceptics, scepticism xii–xiii, xviii–xix, xxv–xxvi, 69, 72, 87, 107, 170, 190, 197, 219, 229–30, 233, 245, 248, 270

Schmaltz, Tad M. xvi n. 18

scholastics, scholasticism xiii–xiv, xxi, xxx n. 54, xxxviii, 70, 71, 232, 233, 234, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 249, 255, 256, 261, 263, 269

scientia, scientific knowledge xlii–xliv, 92, 246

depends on knowledge of God 12, 49–51, 67, 92–3, 95, 124, 178–9, 197

Scotus, see Duns Scotus

Secada, Jorge xx n. 29, xxi, xxx n. 54, 233, 234, 243

Seigel, Jerrold xxxviii n. 68

sensation xxviii, xxxii–xxxiv, xlv, 21, 22–4, 25, 27, 53–5, 56–63, 160–4, 234, 235, 236, 239, 240, 241, 254, 262, 271

senses, the xiv–xv, xx–xxi, xxiii–xxiv, xxvi, xxx, xxxiii, 18–25, 28, 29, 36, 37, 38, 46, 52–6, 58–9, 61, 63, 64, 90, 100, 102, 147, 149, 171, 174, 175, 176, 179, 183, 189, 203, 228

conceived as source of knowledge xx, 13, 54, 169, 200

denied to be source of knowledge 88, 95, 101, 104, 131, 194, 208–9

reliable 57–8, 166, 168, 170, 179–80, 228

unreliable 13–18, 54–5, 88, 94–5, 104, 107, 166, 185, 187

sense perception xxix, 19, 55, 58–9, 94, 106, 110, 115, 160, 162–4, 205–6, 208–9

sensible qualities xxviii, xxxii–xxxiii, 139–40

seriousness 166, 167, 176, 178, 179, 184–5, 222, 225, 227

sin 12, 138, 159, 232, 238, 250, 253

Skinner, Quentin xviii n. 22

Soly, Michel xvi

Sorbonne, the xv, xli, 3–6

Sorell, Tom xxxvii n. 64, xlii n. 3

soul: Aristotelian theory of 234, 251, 260–1

equivalent for Descartes to ‘mind’ xxviii, 19–20, 168, 258

really distinct from body, see mind

species (intentional) 172, 181, 198, 207, 235, 256, 259, 266–7

Spinoza, Benedict (Baruch) xxxvi, xxxviii, xxxix, 254, 265

Stalin, Josef Visarionovich xxx

Stockholm x

Stump, Eleonore xlii n. 3

Suárez, Francisco 151, 233, 255

subject: the ‘Cartesian subject’

xxxviii–xxxix

substance (in general) xxix–xxxi, xxxiii, 32–4, 56, 99, 103, 106, 107–11, 116, 117, 139–40, 142–4, 145–6, 160, 160–4, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 182, 187, 188, 189, 191, 196, 197, 198, 200, 202, 205–6, 210, 221, 223, 224–6, 229, 230, 234, 240, 244, 248, 249, 253, 254, 257–8, 259 260, 266, 267, 269, 271

complete and incomplete 142–3

substantial form 267

surface 160–4, 200, 205–6, 257–8

syllogism 72, 268, 270

synthetic method 99–102, 246–7, 256

see also analytic method

Taylor, Charles xxi

The Search for Truth xxiii

theorem 247

thinking (act) xxviii, 19–21, 25, 27, 29, 27, 47, 50, 51–3, 56, 57, 60, 67, 85, 93, 95, 98, 108–9, 110, 113, 118, 126, 129, 130, 132, 137, 143, 146, 147, 159, 167–9, 174, 180, 181, 182, 186, 187, 188, 198, 199, 201, 203, 211, 221, 222, 223, 224, 228, 230–1, 248–9, 262, 271

role of body in 67, 85, 93, 167–9, 181, 187, 248

thinking substance xxxvi, 143, 187, 188, 223–6, 229, 230, 235, 248, 258, 267, 269, 270, 271

thinking thing xxviii, xxxiii, 7, 19, 20, 25, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 42, 55, 57, 61, 80, 85, 87, 92, 106, 107–11, 112, 127, 128, 129, 130, 137, 140, 146, 158, 168, 169, 180, 182, 186, 187, 190, 194, 198, 202, 212, 218, 221, 222, 223–4, 225–6, 227, 260

Thirty Years’ War x

Thomas Aquinas, see Aquinas

Thomism xxv

thought and language 112, 114

time 134–5, 174, 192

Touraine ix

transubstantiation 253, 257

see also Eucharist

Trent, Council of 162, 253, 257

Trinity 153, 155–6, 246, 255, 264, 267

truth 25, 38–45, 170, 195

Turks 86, 96, 245

unbelievers xxi, 3–4, 86, 96, 130

unconscious 243

understanding, clear and distinct xxxiii

universals 263

univocal, univocity 245, 266

vacuum 240

Van Cleve, James xxxv n. 60, 235

Vatier, Antoine xiii n. 8, xv n. 13

wax experiment 22–4, 88, 108, 169

White Mountain, battle of the x

will xxxi, 40–5, 175–6, 194–5 and intellect 40–5, 175–6, 194–5

see also free will, freedom

Williams, Bernard xviii n. 21, xxvii n. 49, xxxv n. 60

Wilson, Catherine xviii n. 21, xxii nn. 36–7

Wilson, Margaret Dauler xxi n. 33, xxii n. 37, xxv n. 43, xxxiii n. 56, xxxvi n. 62

withdrawal of mind from senses 5, 8, 10, 11, 25, 87–8, 89, 100, 190