Notes

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ABBREVIATIONS

Diaries – The Cape Diaries of Lady Anne Barnard

Journals – The Cape Journals of Lady Anne Barnard

LoL – The Lives of the Lindsays

Robinson – The Letters of Lady Anne Barnard to Henry Dundas

1 THE BLACK BROTH 1750–1768

1Barrett, vol. 1, p. 244.

227/2/76, E. Fauquier to Anne Lindsay, undated, about 1777.

3LoL, vol. 2, p. 311.

4Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 47.

5James Lindsay had fought under the banner of James Stuart, the ‘Old Pretender’, at the battle of Sheriffmuir in 1715, then aged twenty-four.

6LoL, vol. 2, p. 231.

7Ibid., p. 210.

8Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 38. Anne’s account of her parents’ courtship, in Lindsay, vol. 2, p. 234, is too flippant to be convincing.

9Ibid., p. 49.

10Ibid., p. 44.

11LoL, vol. 2, p. 381.

12Ibid., p. 314.

13Ibid., p. 315.

14Ibid., p. 214.

15Ibid., p. 307.

16Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 41.

17LoL, vol. 2, p. 214.

18Ibid., p. 304.

19Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 7.

20The final collection of the Bibliotheca Lindesiana was compiled by later generations in the nineteenth century.

21LoL, vol. 2, p. 386.

2227/4/20, Verses by Lady Anne Lindsay.

23LoL, vol. 2, p. 303.

24Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 7.

2527/1/166, James Lindsay to his daughters, undated.

26LoL, vol. 2, p. 275.

27Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 70.

28Ibid., pp. 62 and 71.

29LoL, vol. 2, p. 335.

30Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 61.

31LoL, vol. 2, p. 309.

32Devine, pp. 4–5.

33LoL, vol. 2, p. 322.

34Dictionary of National Biography, see Bluestocking circle for Scottish women.

3527/2/45, W. Cross to Anne Lindsay, 15 October 1772.

36Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 55.

37Ibid.

38Ibid., p. 13.

3927/2/44, W. Cross to Anne Lindsay, undated.

40Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 55.

41Ibid., p. 63.

42Ibid., p. 64.

43Ibid., p. 72.

44Ibid.

4527/1/166, James Lindsay to Anne Lindsay, undated.

46Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 80.

2 EDINBURGH’S COQUETTE 1768–1769

1LoL, vol. 2, p. 279.

2Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 84.

3Craig-Brown, p. 75.

4Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 84.

5Dictionary of National Biography.

627/2/167, Augustus Oughton to Anne Lindsay, 19 May 1768.

7LoL, vol. 2, p. 334.

8Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 69.

927/2/138, Lord Lindores to Anne Lindsay, 27 January 1769.

10Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 69.

1127/2/35, Rudolph Bentinck to Anne Lindsay, undated [1769].

1227/2/138, Lord Lindores to Anne Lindsay, 29 January 1769.

13Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 95.

14Ibid., pp. 97–8.

1527/1/111, Lady Balcarres to Anne Lindsay, undated.

16Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 103.

17Anne’s extended and agonised account of Bentinck’s courtship is contained in the Memoirs, vol. 1, pp. 86–105. It might be thought melodramatic were it not for the supporting evidence of his letters in 27/2.

18Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 107.

19Ibid., p. 149.

20Ibid., p. 85.

2127/2/45, Sheriff Cross to Anne Lindsay, 15 October 1772.

22Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 118.

23Ibid., p. 114.

24Ibid., p. 149.

2527/2/36, Rudolph Bentinck to Anne Lindsay, 10 October 1785.

2627/2/201 and 202, Henry Swinton to Anne Lindsay, undated and 5 June 1769.

27Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 147.

2827/4 Poems and Prose.

29Memoirs, vol. 1, pp. 122–4.

30Porter, p. 57.

31Harvey, p. 4.

3 AULD ROBIN GREY 1770–1771

1Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 155 and 170.

227/1/89, Alexander Fordyce to Anne Lindsay, undated [1770].

3Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 169.

4Ibid., p. 170.

5Ibid., p. 171.

6Ibid., p. 173.

7Ibid., p. 174.

8Martin, p. 80.

9Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 179.

10Ibid., p. 183.

11Ibid. p. 149. This note refers to an earlier period of Anne’s residence at the old house but it captures perfectly her dislike of the place.

12Shields, p. 164.

1329/3/1, Margaret Lindsay to Anne Lindsay, 8 July 1770.

14Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 243.

1529/3/1, Margaret Lindsay to Anne Lindsay, 8 July 1770.

16Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 185.

17LoL, vol. 2, p. 332.

18See ‘Unclaimed Territory: The Ballad of Auld Robin Gray and the Assertion of Authorial Ownership’ by Jane Millgate in The Library, December 2007.

19Ibid.

20Feldman.

21LoL, vol. 2, p. 333.

22Craig-Brown, p. 69.

23Ibid., p. 93.

24Memoirs, vol. 1, pp. 118, 127–9.

2527/4/21.

26Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 189.

27Ibid., p. 193.

28Ibid., p. 196.

29Ibid., p. 189.

30Ibid., pp. 203 and 199.

31Ibid., p. 200.

32Anne’s prolonged, melodramatic account of the denouement is contained in Memoirs, vol. 1, pp. 207–38.

3327/2/203, Henry Swinton to Anne Lindsay, undated [1771].

34Mrs Cockburn’s letter is quoted in full in the Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 240–2.

35Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 225.

36Ibid., p. 243.

3727/1/106, Lady Balcarres to Anne Lindsay, undated.

38Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 247.

39Ibid.

40Ibid., p. 241.

41Ibid., p. 238.

42Ibid., p. 248.

43Ibid., pp. 243 and 245.

4 THE GREAT CRASH 1771–1772

1Anne was mistaken in calling it Holwell Lane.

2Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 2.

3Ibid., p. 4.

4Ibid., p. 32.

5Ibid., p. 32.

6Ibid., p. 7.

7Ibid., p. 35.

8The Times, 14 April 1824.

9Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 4.

10Ibid.

11Porter, p. 227.

12LoL, vol. 2, p. 335.

13Sichel, vol. 1, p. 308.

14LoL, vol. 2, p. 335.

15Pottle, p. 300. Boswell was writing in this instance of Fordyce’s circle in Edinburgh, known as the Poker Club, but the same could be said of his London associates.

16Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 20.

17Ibid., p. 41.

18Ibid., p. 11.

1927/2/45, Sheriff Cross to Anne Lindsay, 15 October 1772. Anne commented in the margin: ‘It is well written and much of it is just.’

20Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 16.

21Dictionary of National Biography.

22Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 12.

2329/3/1, Alexander Fordyce to Anne Lindsay, 11 December 1771.

24Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 34.

25Ibid., pp. 21–2.

26Ibid., pp. 42 and 78.

27Ibid., p. 31.

28Ibid., p. 173.

29Ibid., p. 8.

30British History Online, Survey of London, vol. 40, the Grosvenor Estate in London.

31Online, Rootsweb, Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London During the Eighteenth Century, James Peller Malcolm.

32Memoirs, vol. 2, pp. 36–8.

33Ibid., p. 40.

3427/2/118, Sophy Johnston to Anne Lindsay, 3 June 1772.

3527/1/88, Lady Dalrymple to Anne Lindsay, 2 June 1771.

36Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 45.

37Dictionary of National Biography.

38Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 47.

39Ibid.

40Yale Edition of Horace Walpole’s Correspondence, online. Walpole to Horace Mann, 1 July 1772.

41Ibid.

42Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 56.

43Ibid., pp. 52–3.

44Ibid., p. 73.

45Ibid., p. 70.

46Ibid., p. 77.

47The letters are quoted in full in the Memoirs, vol. 2, pp. 83–4. The originals have not survived, but as the memoirs are accurate elsewhere when correspondence is quoted, I have felt able to do so here.

48Ibid., p. 89.

5 RETURN TO SPARTA 1772–1776

1The journey is described in the Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 89.

2Ibid.

3Ibid., p. 94.

4Ibid., p. 109.

5Ibid., p. 96.

6Ibid.

7Anne related an anecdote, told by her grandmother to illustrate Hume’s unswerving virtue. While still a boy he had been present in company when a vile smell offended everyone. A sleeping dog was blamed, only for Hume to volunteer, ‘Oh, pray, do not hurt the beast, it is me.’ Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 107.

8Memoirs, vol. 2, pp. 107–8.

9Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 1.

10Ibid.

11Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 112.

12Ibid., p. 103.

13Ibid., p. 127.

1429/3/1, Margaret Lindsay to Anne Lindsay, 17 April 1774.

15Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 103.

16Ibid., pp. 104–5.

1727/2/46, W. C. Cross to Anne Lindsay, 13 December 1773.

18Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 119.

19Bredin, p. 251.

20Memoirs, vol. 2, pp. 119–20.

21Masson, p. 75.

22Memoirs, vol. 2, pp. 135–45. Anne said that this visit took place when she was twenty-one, but her memory for dates was poor and there are other indications that it was later.

23Ibid., p. 135.

2427/2/190, Frances Scott to Anne Lindsay, about 1775.

25Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 137.

26Ibid., pp. 139–40.

27Ibid.

28Matheson, p. 51.

29Memoirs, vol. 3, pp. 77/9.

30Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 223.

31Colley, Britons, pp. 122/3.

3223/1/1, Anne Lindsay to Alexander Lindsay, 2 September 1777.

3327/1/269, Robert Lindsay to Anne Lindsay, 25 March 1776.

34Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 159.

3529/3/1, Margaret Lindsay to Anne Lindsay, 29 January 1775.

36Memoirs, vol. 2, pp. 134 and 149.

37Ibid., p. 153. Although copied into the Memoirs, this is one of those fresh and immediate passages that were evidently drawn from her ‘scraps’ before they were destroyed.

6 ‘FOLLY, FOLLY. BUT IN CHARACTER!’ 1777–1780

1Bickley, vol. 1, p. 69.

2Ibid.

3Ackroyd, pp. 109 and 242.

4Memoirs, vol. 2, pp. 182–4.

5Blunt, vol. 2, p. 281.

6Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 183.

7Ibid., p. 184.

8Ibid., p. 188.

9Bickley, p. 88.

10Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 186.

11Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 85.

1227/2/76, E. Fauquier to Anne Lindsay, undated, about 1777.

13Harcourt Papers, Anne Lindsay to Elizabeth Harcourt, 12 October 1777.

14Ibid., Anne Lindsay to Elizabeth Harcourt, 12 August 1779.

15Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 46.

16Ibid.

17Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 181.

18Ibid., p. 192.

19Elwin, p. 131.

20Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 194.

21Ibid.

22Ibid.

23Ibid., p. 206.

24Ibid., p. 209.

2527/2/95 and 96, Catherine Hampden to Anne Lindsay, 4 and 21 January 1780.

26Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 202.

27Ibid., p. 201.

2827/2/157, Judith Milbanke to Anne Lindsay, 14 July 1779.

29Elwin, p. 136.

30Colley, Captives, p. 291.

31Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 235.

32Bickley, p. 69.

3329/3/1, Margaret Lindsay to Anne Lindsay, about 1775.

34Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 245.

35Ibid., p. 244.

36Ackroyd, p. 491.

37Charles Gordon was a son of the third marriage of Lord William Gordon, the Second Earl of Aberdeen. George Gordon was a son of his daughter by a second marriage.

38Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 7. The character is Captain Lismahago.

39Elwin, p. 150.

40Ibid., p. 187.

7 ‘THE DEVIL IN SCARLET’ 1781–1783

1Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 249 and vol. 3, p. 9.

2Ibid.

3Elwin, p. 191.

4Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 1.

527/2/3, Richard Atkinson to Anne Lindsay, about 1781.

6Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 30.

7Ibid., p. 29.

8Ibid.

9Ibid., p. 30.

1027/2/5, Richard Atkinson to Anne Lindsay, about 1781.

11Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 29.

12Elwin, p. 188.

13Ibid., p. 191.

1427/2/95, Catherine Hampden to Anne Lindsay, about 1780.

15Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 54.

16Elwin, p. 197.

17Ibid., p. 241.

18Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 17.

19Ibid., p. 45.

20Barrett, vol. 2, p. 121.

21Elwin, p. 238.

22Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 31.

23The Times, 19 July 1828.

2427/2/7, Richard Atkinson to Anne Lindsay, undated [August 1781].

25Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 83.

26Masson, p. 65.

27Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 61.

28Ibid., p. 64.

2927/2/162, Unsigned letter, 9 January 1783.

30Ibid. I am obliged to Richard Atkinson for identifying his ancestor, by his handwriting, as the author.

3127/2/14 Richard Atkinson to Anne Lindsay, 9 August 1782.

3227/2/21, Richard Atkinson to Anne Lindsay, undated [December 1782].

33Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 29.

34These figures are derived from Anne’s papers and Atkinson’s will, PROB 11/1149/399.

3527/1/337.

36Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 75.

8 ESCAPE TO FRANCE 1784–1785

1Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 48.

2Ibid., p. 79.

3Ibid.

4Ibid.

5Ibid., p. 47.

627/1/339.

727/1/337.

8Matheson, pp. 220–1.

9Ketton-Cremer, p. 209.

10Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 75.

11Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 103.

1227/4/25, vol. 2.

13Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 89.

14Morning Herald, 5 February 1783.

15Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 89.

16Elwin, p. 233.

17Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 97.

18Ibid., p. 99.

19Ibid.

2027/2/23, Richard Atkinson to Anne Lindsay, undated [June 1784].

21Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 98.

22Ibid., p. 101.

23Anne wrongly gave the date as 9 June in her memoirs. A letter from Mrs Fitzherbert confirms it was 9 July.

24Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 104.

25Cecil Woodham-Smith review of Mrs Fitzherbert by A. Leslie in The Sunday Times, 17 April 1960.

26Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 114.

27Ibid., pp. 120–5.

28Hardwicke Papers, Add. MS 35532, Anne Lindsay to Sir Robert Keith, 19 October 1784.

2927/2/181, Henri Reuss to Anne Lindsay, 13 November 1784.

3029/3/1, Anne Lindsay to Margaret Lindsay, 20 September 1784.

31Craig-Brown, p. 219.

32Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 164.

33Ibid., p. 127.

34Ibid., p. 137.

3527/2/35, Count Bentinck to Anne Lindsay, 10 October 1785.

3629/3/1, Anne Lindsay to Margaret Lindsay, 20 September 1784; Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 155.

37Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 158.

38Hibbert, p. 75.

39Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 175.

40Ibid.

41Ibid.

42Ibid., pp. 177 and 184.

43Ibid., p. 182.

44Ibid., p. 212.

45Ibid., p. 190.

46Schama, pp. 389–405.

47Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 195.

48Ibid., pp. 199–200.

49Ibid., p. 206.

50Ibid. p. 203.

51Ibid., p. 208.

52‘The blues’ is sometimes thought of as a modern figurative term for low spirits, but it dates from 1550.

53Memoirs, vol. 3, pp. 203 and 237.

54Ibid., p. 231.

55Ibid., p. 249.

5627/2/28, Richard Atkinson to Anne Lindsay, 12 October 1785.

57Memoirs, vol. 4, pp. 4–5.

58Ibid.

59Ibid., p. 7. Many passages in the Memoirs were culled from journals and notes and both the tense and the immediacy of this one suggest such an instance.

9 ROYAL GO-BETWEEN 1785–1787

127/2/159, Thomas Noel to Anne Lindsay, 23 September 1785.

227/2/312, Anne Lindsay to Thomas Noel, undated [November 1785].

327/4/25, Maria Fitzherbert to Anne Lindsay, undated.

4Morning Herald, 10 May 1786.

5Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 39.

627/4/25, Maria Fitzherbert to Anne Lindsay, 9 July 1785.

7Ibid., Prince of Wales to Anne Lindsay, 31 October 1785.

8Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 19.

9Masson, pp. 109–10.

10Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 20.

1127/4/25, Maria Fitzherbert to Anne Lindsay, undated [November 1785].

12Ibid., Anne Lindsay to the Prince of Wales, undated [November 1785].

13The complete account of this incident is in the Memoirs, vol. 4, pp. 39–43.

1427/4/25, Anne Lindsay to the Prince of Wales, undated [November 1785].

15Ibid., Prince of Wales to Anne Lindsay, 4–5 December 1785.

16Ibid., Prince of Wales to Anne Lindsay, 1 December 1785.

17Ibid.

18Ibid., Anne Lindsay to Lord Mansfield, 12 December 1785.

19Ibid., Anne Lindsay to Maria Fitzherbert, 12 December 1785. Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 39.

20Ibid., Maria Fitzherbert to Anne Lindsay, undated [December 1785].

21Ibid., Anne Lindsay to Maria Fitzherbert, 12 December 1785.

22Ibid., Anne Lindsay to Lord Mansfield, 12 December 1785. A slightly amended version of this letter appears in the Memoirs, vol. 4, pp. 47–9.

23Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 49.

2427/4/25, Prince of Wales to Anne Lindsay, 13 December 1785.

25Memoirs, vol. 4, pp. 51–2.

26Ibid., p. 53.

2727/4/25, Anne Lindsay to Maria Fitzherbert and Maria Fitzherbert to Anne Lindsay, undated [1786].

28Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 50.

29Elwin, p. 273.

30Ibid., p. 268.

31Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 18.

3227/1/339.

33Memoirs, vol. 4, pp. 32–3.

34Ibid., p. 34.

35In a simultaneous though unrelated financial dispute, it was found that a trustee, James Wills, appointed by Atkinson to shield the £150 annual pension he had obtained for Margaret from any claim by Fordyce, had used the fund for his own purposes. This case was only resolved by the Chancery Division in 1792.

36Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 15.

37Ibid., p. 110.

38Masson, p. 98.

39Foreman, p. 45.

40Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 86.

4123/1/139, Robert Lindsay to Alexander Lindsay, 13 August 1787.

42Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 74.

43Ibid.

44Ibid., p. 85.

10 THE WEATHERCOCK 1787–1791

1Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 85.

2Blunt, vol. 2, p. 250.

3Memoirs, vol. 4, pp. 87–8.

4Ibid., p. 97.

527/4/27, Thomas Barnard to Anne Lindsay, 9 May 1790.

627/2/38, Edmund Burke to Anne Lindsay, undated [1793].

7Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 98.

827/4/27, Thomas Barnard to Anne Lindsay, undated.

9Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 88.

10Ibid.

11Sichel, vol. 1, p. 611.

12Dictionary of National Biography.

13Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 89.

14Ibid., p. 90.

15Ibid., p. 118.

16Ibid.

17Matheson, p. 131.

18Both from Dictionary of National Biography.

19Holland House Papers, 51710, Windham Diary, 12 August 1789.

20Some sources put the year of their meeting as 1788 but Anne located it to September 1789.

21Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 111.

22Ibid., p. 127.

23Ibid., p. 119.

24Ibid., pp. 156–7.

25Holland House Papers, 51710, Windham Diary, 8 September 1789.

26Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 103.

27Ibid., p. 118.

28Ibid., p. 86.

29Ibid., pp. 285–6.

30Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 93 and vol. 3, p. 53.

3127/4/22, vol. 1.

32Windham Papers, Add. MSS 37921, fo. 129, 24 July 1790.

3327/4/22, vol. 1.

34Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 102.

35Ibid., pp. 143 and 148.

36Ibid., p. 110.

37Bickley, vol. 1, p. 69.

3829/3/1, Alexander Fordyce to Margaret Fordyce, 23 August 1789.

39Ibid., Alexander Fordyce to Margaret Fordyce, 14 July 1785.

40Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 158.

41Ibid., p. 94.

42Elwin, p. 445, refers to reports of Margaret’s disappointment at the marriage.

4327/4/27, Dr Barnard to Anne Lindsay, undated [1790].

44Memoirs, vol. 4, pp. 138–9.

4527/4/27, Anne Lindsay to Thomas Barnard, 2 May 1790.

46Ibid., Thomas Barnard to Anne Lindsay, 9 May 1790.

47Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 156.

48Ibid., p. 157.

49Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 79.

50Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 162.

51Ibid., p. 163.

52Ibid., p. 157.

53Ibid., p. 166.

54Ibid., p. 158.

55Ibid., pp. 165–6.

11 A CAPTIVE IN PARIS 1791–1792

1Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 237.

2Schama, pp. 531, 537, 549.

3Memoirs, vol. 4, pp. 171 and 168.

4Ibid., p. 173.

5National Archives, HO 42/27/254 fos 771/2, 25 December 1793.

629/3/1, Margaret Fordyce to Anne Lindsay, November 1791.

7Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 174.

827/4/22, scrap of a letter from Anne Lindsay to an unknown recipient, 7 September 1791.

927/4/22, Anne Lindsay to William Windham, undated [October 1790].

10Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 168.

11Ibid., p. 164.

12Ibid., p. 200.

13Schama, p. 573.

14Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 187.

15Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 184.

16Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 177.

17Ibid., p. 204.

18Matheson, p. 156.

19Ibid., p. 181.

20Holland House Papers, Add. MS 51710, April 1791.

2127/4/22, William Windham to Anne Lindsay, undated [1793].

22Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 183.

23Ibid., p. 184.

24Ibid., p. 188.

25Ibid., p. 197.

26Ibid., p. 206.

27Ibid., p. 188. The tone of Emma’s voice, she wrote, ‘disgusted the men and frightened the women’.

28Masson, pp. 125–6.

29Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 206.

3029/3/1, Margaret Fordyce to Anne Lindsay, 2 October 1791.

31Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 207.

32Ibid., p. 212.

33Ibid., p. 218. The letter, dated 31 October 1791, is also included in 27/4/22, compiled by the 27th Earl of Crawford and Balcarres. Anne destroyed about 350 of Windham’s letters, preserving just enough ‘to show what an ignis fatuus a luminous character sometimes is’.

34Ibid., pp. 206.

35Ibid., p. 238.

36Ibid., p. 231.

37Ibid., p. 230.

3827/4/22, Charles Lindsay to Anne Lindsay, 1 January 1792.

39Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 243.

40Matheson, p. 148.

41Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 227.

12 ‘A BLACKGUARD LOVER’ 1793–1796

1Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 259.

227/1/3, Andrew Barnard to Anne Lindsay, undated [1793].

3Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 246.

427/1/4, Anne Lindsay to the Prince of Wales, July 1973.

5Memoirs, vol. 4, pp. 248–9.

6Ibid., p. 256.

7Cape Archives, A1657, Elizabeth Hardwicke to Anne Lindsay, June 1793.

8Robinson, p. 4.

927/2/122, Anne Keith to Anne Lindsay, 20 June (?) 1793.

10Memoirs, vol. 4, pp. 250–1.

1129/3/1, Margaret Forsyth to Anne Lindsay, June 1793.

1229/3/1, Andrew Barnard to Margaret Forsyth, 14 April 1795.

1329/3/1, Margaret Forsyth to Anne Barnard, 1 November 1793. Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 272.

14Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 256.

15Coghlan, vol. 1, pp. 130–1.

16Ibid., pp. 134–5, vol. 2, p. 102.

17Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 127.

1827/1/109, Lady Balcarres to Anne and Andrew Barnard, undated [1794].

1927/1/5, Andrew Barnard to Anne Lindsay, 19 July 1793.

2027/4/22, vol. 2, p. 171.

21Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 252.

22Ibid., p. 260.

23Robinson, p. 7.

24Ibid.

25Matheson, pp. 330–1.

26Inscription by Anne on a folder of letters from Andrew 27/1/28–53.

2740/123, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 20 August 1816.

2827/1/6, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 1 November 1794.

29Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 260.

30Ibid.

31Coghlan, vol. 2, p. 98.

32Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 133–4.

33Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 275.

3427/1/7 and 9, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 21 April and 11 May 1795.

3523/1/1, Anne Barnard to Margaret Fordyce, 24 December 1800.

3627/1/5, Andrew Barnard to Anne Lindsay, 19 July 1793.

37Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 272.

38Bickley, vol. 1, p. 69.

39Robinson, p. 9.

40Ibid., p. 15.

41Ibid., p. 16.

42Ibid., p. 17.

43Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 277.

44Robinson, pp. 19–20.

45Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 278.

46Ibid., p. 279.

47Journals, pp. 25–6.

4829/3/1, Margaret Fordyce to Anne Barnard, 24 January 1797.

13 A CAPE OF HOPE 1797–1798

1Taylor, p. 53.

2Journals, pp. 39 and 70.

3Ibid., pp. 82 and 85.

4Ibid., p. 59.

5Ibid., p. 102.

6Ibid., p. 109.

727/2/106, James Hartley to Anne Barnard, March 1799.

8Journals, p. 108.

9Ibid., p. 111.

10Ibid., p. 137.

11Journals, pp. 140–1.

12Robinson, p. 49. Anne believed this honour belonged to Lady Anne Monson, the wife of a Bengal official, who had been at the Cape. (Journals, p. 218) In all likelihood, the mountain had previously been climbed by Khoikhoi or Dutch settler women, who had been at the Cape for almost 150 years.

13Journals, p. 218.

14Robinson, p. 49.

15Ibid., pp. 43–4.

16N. A. M. Rodger, The Command of the Ocean (Harmondsworth, 2004), p. 436.

17Robinson, p. 54.

18Ibid., p. 35.

1927/2/65, Lord Melville to Anne Barnard, March 1802.

2027/2/71, Jean Dundas to Anne Barnard, undated.

21Robinson, p. 41.

22Ibid., p. 73.

23A comprehensive record of this era of British rule is to be found in Boucher and Penn.

24Brenthurst Library, Lord Macartney’s Diary of Official Business at the Castle of Good Hope, 11 November 1798.

25Boucher and Penn, pp. 81,89 and 197..

26Robinson, p. 38.

27Journals, p. 212.

28Ibid., p. 189.

29Boucher and Penn, p. 185.

30Ibid.

31Cape Archives, A1415/74. Barnard’s refusal to turn a blind eye to corruption was seen during the governorship of George Yonge.

32Journals, pp. 241.

33Ibid., pp. 173 and 193.

34Robinson, p. 43, Journals, p. 226.

3527/2/175, Jane Parker to Anne Barnard, 6 March 1798.

36Journals, p. 260.

37Butler, p. 108.

3827/2/209, Richard Wellesley to Anne Barnard, 2 October 1800.

39Journals, p. 293.

40Robinson, p. 81.

41In 27/2/206 Wellesley indulged in an extended fart joke, enclosing ‘a sketch of a part of Lady Anstruther’s person, the existence of which would be doubtful if it were not proved by the nature of the storms which it brews. We argue that although we can see nothing these must be very large because they are so loud, frequent and offensive.’ Anne responded in kind, reporting that ‘Lady A has left such an odour behind her as will not be forgotten. All pity Calcutta which is to contain her.’ (Wellesley Papers, Add. MS 3308, fo. 146).

42Anne was arguably too kind in commenting on his affair: ‘You have enough to tease and worry you without permitting petty calumny to do so, for this calumny is but petty – there is no man’s wife seduced by your naughty Excellency, no family peace broke up, no pure mind rendered impure by your impurity.’ See Butler, p. 277.

43Diaries, vol. 2, pp. 154–5.

44Robinson, p. 21.

45Diaries, vol. 2, p. 54.

46Diaries, vol. 1, p. 199.

47Journals, pp. 195 and 227.

48Ibid., p. 121.

49Diaries, vol. 1, p. 100.

14 A WHILE IN PARADISE 1797–1798

1References to Paradise are found in the Journals, pp. 202 and 230, and Robinson, p. 53. The cottage fell back into decay after the Barnards’ departure from the Cape, but in recent years the site at Newlands has been the subject of archaeological study by researchers at the University of Cape Town.

2Fairbridge, p. 32, Journal p. 205.

327/2/33, John Barrow to Anne Barnard, 12 October 1797.

427/2/32, John Barrow to Anne Barnard, 4 July 1797.

5Robinson, p. 73.

6Ibid., p. 75. The version of this denouement in the Journal, pp. 243–4 was composed later and appears less reliable.

7Ibid., p. 91.

8Barrow’s hostility forms the basis of a study, not always even-handed, by Michael Streak, The Afrikaner as Viewed by the English (Struik, 1974).

9Mostert, p. 262.

10Robinson, p. 83.

11Ibid., p. 91.

12Ibid., p. 94.

13Ibid., p. 92.

14Ibid., p. 96. Almost identical words are contained in the Journal, p. 256, based on a letter to Margaret.

15Ibid.

1629/3/1, Andrew Barnard to Margaret Fordyce, 1 April 1798.

17Journals, pp. 261–2.

18Ibid., p. 284.

19The custodian of Anne’s papers, Robert Lindsay, the Earl of Crawford, is sceptical of the idea that the painting is by her, noting that although she often worked in watercolours, he was not aware of any oils.

20A stone pool at the botanical gardens of Kirstenbosch known as Lady Anne Barnard’s Bath, lies not far from Paradise but cannot be the right location as it was built after her departure from the Cape. The site and remains of the cottage have been identified and excavated in recent years by specialists from the nearby campus of the University of Cape Town.

21The copy is reprinted in The Penguin Book of South African Verse.

22Boucher and Penn, p. 191.

23Journals, p. 279.

24Ibid., p. 293.

25Ibid., p. 294.

26Shields, p. 159.

27Fairbridge, pp. 50 and 52.

28These distances are calculated on the wagon routes of the day, by some way longer than modern roads.

2927/2/175, Jane Parker to Anne Barnard, 6 March 1798.

30Journals, 306.

31Ibid., p. 308.

32Ibid., p. 341.

33Ibid., p. 337.

34Ibid., pp. 337–8.

35Ibid., p. 351.

36Ibid., p. 369.

37William Dalrymple, The Guardian, 9 June 2007.

38Students of Anne’s writings in South Africa have contributed in various ways to an understanding of the route she followed in May 1798, among them Jose Burman’s In the Footsteps of Lady Anne Barnard (Cape Town, 1990), a general guide although inaccurate in some respects. Her own journal estimated the total distance covered at 700 miles. A journey by car following the best knowledge of the route puts it at 640 miles.

15 PARADISE LOST 1799–1800

1Robinson, pp. 176–7.

2Ibid., p. 179.

327/2/146–151. Space does not permit more than brief reference to these letters from Macartney but they bear testimony to the warmth that endured between them up to his death in 1806.

4Robinson, p. 166.

5Diaries, vol. 1, p. 98.

6Ibid., p. 16.

7Diaries, vol. 2, p. 128 and 1, p. 87. An entry for 26 March 1799 runs: ‘I am obliged to see every bit of meat cut into proper shape myself and give directions for the different dishes over and over.’

8Harcourt Papers, MS Eng d 3851, Anne Barnard to Elizabeth Harcourt, 31 December 1798.

9Diaries, vol. 1, pp. 344 and 348.

10Ibid., pp. 125 and 135.

11Ibid., p. 168.

1227/4/9 Sea Journal Home, p. 10.

13Diaries, vol. 1, p. 287.

14Ibid., pp. 88 and 310.

1527/4/9 Sea Journal Home, p. 15.

16Diaries, vol. 1, p. 165.

17Ibid., p. 209.

18Ibid., p. 162.

19Ibid., pp. 245–6.

20Robinson, p. 195.

21Cape Archives, A1415/74, Andrew Barnard to Lord Macartney, 7 July 1799.

22Diaries, vol. 1, p. 239.

23Robinson, p. 191.

24Diaries, vol. 1, pp. 222 and 252.

2527/2/207, Richard Wellesley to Anne Barnard, 29 September 1799.

26Diaries, vol. 1, p. 81, entry for 22 March 1799.

27Ibid., p. 147.

28Ibid., pp. 2 and 74.

29Ibid., p. 146.

30Ibid., p. 203.

31Ibid., p. 154.

32Ibid., pp. 172 and 180.

33Travels of Mirza Abu Taleb Khan in Asia, Africa and Europe, vol. 1, p. 89.

34Diaries, vol. 2, p. 195–6.

35Ibid., vol. 1, p. 107.

36Ibid., p. 154.

37Ibid., p. 325.

38Ibid., p. 44. The passage is not identified, but Anne indicated that it concerns a conversation between a husband and ‘his pretty, giddy wife’ on the morning after the marriage ‘upon the subject of lengthening out for ever the Honey moon by those wise and temperate restrictions which prevent many ills arising from too unbounded liberty’.

39Diaries, vol. 2, p. 82.

40Ibid., vol. 1, p. 353.

41Ibid., p. 349.

42Ibid., p. 360.

4327/2/147, Lord Macartney to Anne Barnard, 14 April 1800.

44Diaries, vol. 1, p. 351.

45Ibid., vol. 1, p. 45.

46Ibid., pp. 175 and 84.

47Diaries, vol. 1, p. 235.

48Ibid., p. 55.

49‘I am assured we have had a good passage from the Cape,’ Jane wrote. ‘If so, I can only say that a good passage is the very worst thing in the world except a bad passage. Truth compels me to acknowledge that Bombay is a very vile island. It is hot, ugly, wet, the ground swarms with noxious reptiles, the air with tormenting insects, while the natives are covered with vermin and very little else.’ Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 27.

50Diaries, vol. 2, p. 71.

51Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 85, 101.

52Ibid., p. 105.

53Ibid., p. 219.

54Ibid., p. 264.

55Ibid., p. 60.

56Ibid., pp. 285–6.

57Journals, p. 214.

58The poem is reproduced in full in the Journals, pp. 214–15.

16 THE COURT OF LILLIPUT 1800–1802

1Boucher and Penn, p. 241.

2Journals, pp. 178 and 293.

3Fairbridge, p. 189.

4Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 87.

5Robinson, p. 205.

6Journals, p. 293.

7Diaries, vol. 1, p. 126, Fairbridge, p. 108.

8Robinson, p. 226.

9Ibid., p. 228.

10Ibid., p. 220.

11Ibid., pp. 211 and 226.

12Ibid., p. 240. A far more detailed description of this episode is found in Diaries, vol. 2, pp. 101–6.

13Ibid.

14Diaries, vol. 2, p. 104.

15Hardwicke Papers, Add. MS 35644, Andrew Barnard to Philip Hardwicke, 26 December 1800.

16Butler, p. 245.

17Robinson, p. 243.

18Ibid., p. 244.

19Ibid., p. 247.

20Ibid., pp. 247–8.

21Dictionary of National Biography, Sir George Yonge (Later Correspondence of George III, 3.428).

22Diaries, vol. 2, p. 264.

23Cape Archives, A1415/74, Andrew Barnard to George Macartney, 12 November 1800.

24Fairbridge, p. 161.

25Diaries, vol. 2, pp. 284–8.

26Margaret Lenta, whose assiduous research and transcribing led to publication of two volumes of the Cape Diaries, speculated that Anne continued with them through 1801 but noted that ‘no such writings have as yet come to light’. The little she did write that year is, in fact, to be found in a mixed box of scraps and pinned papers, 27/4/9, with a note: ‘Mixed & imperfectly put up. To be looked over & classed if I ever have time.’

27Robinson, p. 275.

28Ibid., p. 267.

29Fairbridge, p. 276.

30Diaries, vol. 2, p. 179.

31Ibid., p. 256.

32Barker, introduction.

3327/4/9, pp. 33–4.

34Fairbridge, pp. 286–8.

35The similarity has been noted by Barker.

36Fairbridge, pp. 286–8.

37Ibid., p. 251.

3827/3/1, Anne Barnard to Margaret Fordyce, 5 November 1801.

3927/3/1, Anne Barnard to Margaret Fordyce, 19 December 1801.

40Mostert, pp. 259 and 323.

41Robinson, p. 277.

4223/1/1, Anne Barnard to Margaret Fordyce, 24 December 1800.

43Journals, p. 223.

4427/4/20, The Hottentots Farewell.

4527/4/9.

4628/1/1, Anne Barnard to Andrew Barnard, undated [1802].

4727/4/9, Sea Journal Home, pp. 3–4.

48Diaries, vol. 2, p. 236.

17 HOME AND AWAY 1802–1806

1Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 2.

2Ibid., p. 21.

3Ibid., p. 21.

4Ibid., p. 17. The Pygmalion referred to is the mythological sculptor who carved a woman out of ivory.

5Ibid., p. 48.

6Ibid., pp. 58–9.

729/3/1, Margaret Fordyce to Anne Barnard, 1 January 1805.

8Fairbridge, p. 311.

927/2/96, Anne Baker-Holroyd to Anne Barnard, about 1800.

10Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 22.

1127/4/25, Maria Fitzherbert to Anne Barnard, about 1799.

12Hibbert, p. 231.

13Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 50.

14Ibid., p. 28.

15Ibid., p. 129.

16Ibid., p. 48.

17Ibid., p. 17.

1827/3/1, Cape Journal, scrap of an undated letter.

19Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 17.

20Ibid., p. 48.

2123/1/1, Anne Barnard to Margaret Fordyce, 24 December 1800.

22Memoirs, vol. 5., p. 111.

2327/1/14, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 4 February 1803.

24Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 76.

25Martin, p. 53.

2627/4/22, Anne Lindsay to William Windham, undated [1790].

27LoL, vol. 2, p. 338.

28Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 61.

29Ibid.

30Ibid., p. 12.

3123/1/144–166, Letters between Alexander and Robert cast light on the financial affairs of Balcarres.

32Matheson, pp. 330–1.

33Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 118.

34Ibid., p. 120.

35Ibid., p. 118.

36Ibid., pp. 121–2.

37The Barnard Letters edited by Anthony Powell contain letters from the bishop to his daughter which allude to the marriage. Letters from Andrew to Anne in 27/1/15–28 present the other side of the story.

3827/1/15–28. There are fourteen surviving letters from Andrew Barnard to Anne over the year he spent in Ireland.

39See Hardwicke Papers, Add. MS 35645, Anne Barnard to Philip Hardwicke, 24 November 1805.

40Diaries, vol. 2, p. 113.

41Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 159.

42Ibid., p. 156.

43Windham Papers, Add. MS 37914, fo. 916, Anne Barnard to William Windham, 12 February 1806.

44Anne also petitioned Richard Sheridan, who had turned from the playwright of first acquaintance to politician. Her scrawl in the margin indicates his waffling reply: ‘A very low, very clever, very thoughtless great man.’

45Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 149.

4627/1/29, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, June 1806.

47Wellesley Papers, Add. MS 37309 contains a letter from Anne to Lord Wellesley dated 26 June 1806, relating the failure of her petition to Windham.

48Memoirs, vol. 5, pp. 164–5.

49Wellesley Papers, Add. MS 37309, Anne Barnard to Richard Wellesley, 26 June 1806.

50Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 164.

18 ALONE 1807–1810

127/1/30, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 8 February 1807.

227/1/31, 32 and 34, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 9, 11 and 13 February.

327/1/36, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 1 March 1807.

427/1/40, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 4 March 1807.

527/4/44.

6Ibid.

728/1/3, Anne Barnard to Andrew Barnard, 12 April 1807.

827/4/44.

9Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 169.

1027/1/38, Lord Caledon to Anne Barnard, 27 February 1807.

1127/4/44.

12Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 244.

1327/2/68, Lord Melville to Anne Barnard, 6 March 1807.

14Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 190.

1527/1/45 and 46, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 25 May and 15 June 1807.

1627/1/46, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 15 June 1807.

1727/1/1, Lord Caledon to Anne Barnard, 3 June 1807.

1827/1/48, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 6 August 1807.

19Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 203.

20Ibid.

21Ibid., p. 204.

22Cape Archives, CO 4823, Letters Despatched, November 1806–August 1807.

2327/1/55, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 6 October 1807.

24Hardwicke Papers, Add. MS 35647, Lord Castlereagh to Alexander Lindsay, 15 January 1808.

25Ibid., fos 115 and 119.

26Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 208.

27Journals, p. 234.

28Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 208.

29Note on folder, 27/1/44.

30Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 210.

31Hardwicke Papers, Add. MS 35647, Duke of Portland to Alexander Lindsay, 26 January 1808.

32Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 118.

33Memoirs, vol. 5, pp. 35 and 29.

19 A ‘PROTÉGÉE OF A DARKER COMPLEXION’ 1810–1844

127/5/2, Account of expenditure for 1809.

227/2/318, Anne Barnard to B. W. van Rijneveld, 27 August 1809.

3Memoirs, vol. 6, p. 114.

4Ibid.

527/2/318, Anne Barnard to B. W. van Rijneveld, 27 August 1809.

6Ibid.

7Memoirs, vol. 6, p. 114.

8Samuel Hudson, formerly the Barnards’ servant at the Cape and a slave-owner, was known to rail against ‘the cunning and artfulness’ of slave women ‘always ready to offer their bodies for a trifle’. McKenzie, pp. 80–1.

927/4/2, Account of expenditure.

10See William Dalrymple’s White Mughals, pp. 50–3.

1125/1/33, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 29 July 1813.

1227/2/319, Anne Barnard to B. W. van Rijneveld, February 1810.

1327/1/295, Lord Hardwicke to Anne Barnard, 14 October 1805. This letter marked the start of Henry Hervey’s army career, as a cadet.

14Hastings Family Papers, HA/20/27, Anne Barnard to Lady Hastings, 30 January 1819.

15Ibid., Anne Barnard to Lady Loudon, 27 October 1812.

16Memoirs, vol. 6, p. 114.

1727/4/20, a note among the poems.

1827/4/25, Anne Barnard to Maria Fitzherbert, 20 April 1813.

19Ibid.

20The letter, without references to Christina, is found in the Memoirs, vol. 6, pp. 24–5.

21Memoirs, vol. 6, p. 10.

22Ibid., p. 11.

23Ibid., p. 12.

24Ibid., p. 24.

2527/4/25, Maria Fitzherbert to Anne Barnard, 14 August 1814.

26Ibid.

27See Hibbert.

28Memoirs, vol. 4, p. 133.

29Blunt, vol. 2, p. 207.

30In 1808 John was arrested over a debt of £80, at which point his older brothers were on the verge of giving up on him, including Robert, the only Lindsay with real wealth, who declared: ‘He must evidently go to the Devil.’ In what amounted to a stylish rebuke Anne sent money to Alexander ‘for the express purpose of relieving him’, adding: ‘He is not the only person who draws hard on my purse, which goes as far as it can but stops where it must. I suggest that, as this is Sunday, he might be liberated today.’ 23/1/228 and 23/1/6.

3127/2/41, Anne Barnard to Lord Mansfield, 3 January 1810.

3240/1/10, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 16 September 1811.

33Powell, p. 196.

34Ibid., p. 206.

35Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 222.

36Burges Papers 16, Anne Barnard to James Burges, 19 November 1812.

37LoL, vol. 2, p. 338.

38Powell, p. 236.

39Ibid.

4027/1/194, James Lindsay to Anne Barnard.

4140/1/24, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 25 September 1816.

4240/1/11, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 14 March 1814.

4340/1/12, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 3 April 1814.

44Diaries, vol. 2, p. 112.

20 LEGACIES 1814–1825

127/1/339.

227/1/340.

323/1/10, Anne Barnard to Alexander Lindsay, 31 August 1814.

4Memoirs, vol. 6, p. 41.

5Ibid.

629/3/1, Elizabeth Abbot to Anne Barnard, 17 December 1814.

7Memoirs, vol. 6, p. 41.

8LoL, vol. 2, p. 339.

923/1/10, Anne Barnard to Alexander Lindsay, 31 August 1814.

1040/1/18, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 29 February 1815.

1127/1/60, Andrew Barnard to Anne Barnard, 19 June 1815.

1223/1/19, Anne Barnard to Alexander Lindsay, 16 March 1816.

1327/4/20, Reflections, 1 January 1816; and 40/1/14, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 17 December 1814.

1423/1/267, Robert Lindsay to Alexander Lindsay, 9 May 1816.

1523/1/21, Anne Barnard to Alexander Lindsay, 24 March 1816.

1623/1/23, Anne Barnard to Alexander Lindsay, 17 January 1816.

17LoL, vol. 2, pp. 386–7.

18Ibid.

19Ibid.

2040/1/20, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 3 May 1816.

21Hardwicke Papers, Add. MS 35649 Anne Barnard to Philip Hardwicke, 17 November 1811.

22Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 141.

23Anne’s account of her friendship with Annabella, contained in the Memoirs, vol. 6, pp. 93–9, includes a conversation in which Byron’s wife related how he began to abuse her immediately after their marriage, saying: ‘What a dupe you have been! How is it possible a woman of your sense could form the hope of reforming me? . . . It is enough for me that you are my wife that I may hate you.’

24This is an abbreviated version of the letter – presumably among the thousands destroyed by Anne – to be found in the Memoirs, vol. 6, pp. 98–9.

2540/1/21, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 16 May 1816.

26LoL, vol. 2, p. 388.

2729/3/1, Margaret Fordyce to Anne Barnard, 12 March 1806. In this instance the letter contained only inconsequential gossip.

2825/1/62, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 6 August 1818.

29Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 10.

3025/1/67, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 26 September 1818.

31Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 1.

3227/1/262, Mary-Ann Lindsay to Anne Barnard, about 1819.

33Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 2.

3427/1/315, Anne’s will. Barnard’s paternity of Christina was, of course, also spelled out in the memoirs.

3527/1/207, James Lindsay to Anne Barnard, 10 February 1818.

3640/1/29, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 12 October 1817.

3740/1/23, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 20 August 1816.

3827/1/222, James Lindsay to Anne Barnard, 6 August 1820.

3927/1/161, Elizabeth Lindsay to Anne Barnard, 23 October 1822.

4027/1/162, Elizabeth Lindsay to Anne Barnard, 12 December 1822.

4127/2/85, George IV to Anne Barnard, 24 January 1821.

42The account of the fire is contained in an address ‘To the Reader’ in vol. 1 of the Memoirs, pp. 2–6.

43Ibid.

44Feldman, p. 419.

45Memoirs, vol. 6, p. 177.

46Ibid., pp. 182–3. Scott also remembered the eccentric Sophy Johnston, ‘her jockey coat, masculine stride, strong voice and occasionally round oath’.

47Ibid., p. 188.

48Ibid., p. 189.

4925/1/67, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 18 May 1823.

5023/1/26, Anne Barnard to Alexander Lindsay, 18 May 1823.

51Morning Chronicle, 14 April 1824.

52Ibid., 26 April 1824.

5340/1/39, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 19 November 1824.

54Morning Post, 26 April 1825.

5525/1/27, Sir Edmund Antrobus to James Lindsay, 7 December 1855.

56Sloper and his activities were frequently reported in the local press, notably the Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette.

57In addition to the Wiltshire papers, the marriage was reported in Oxford, Bath and Leeds.

58Christina’s death was reported in the Hampshire Advertiser of 5 March 1842, Hervey’s in the Salisbury and Winchester Journal, 28 March 1842, and the marriages of her daughters in a number of local journals.

EPILOGUE

1See Feldman, pp. 415–19.

2Jane Millgate, Unclaimed Territory.

3Powell, Barnard Letters, introduction.

425/1/67, Anne Barnard to James Lindsay, 26 September 1818.

5Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 1.

6Ibid.

7Diaries, vol. 2, p. 186.

8Memoirs, vol. 5, p. 72.

9Memoirs, vol. 6, p. 116.

10Margaret Lenta, ‘The Shape of a Woman’s Life: Lady Anne Barnard’s Memoir’ in Literator, August 1993.

11Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 147.

12Memoirs, vol. 6, p. 22.

13Diaries, vol. 1, p. 11.

14Harman, p. 385.

15Diaries, vol. 1, p. xi.

16LoL, vol. 2, p. 388.