1. The quotations in this selection are from the New Orleans “Protest.”

2. New York.

3. In Nassau, Bahamas. Queen Victoria (1819–1901) was monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901.

4. These are the questions the novelist Pauline E. Hopkins takes up in “A Dash for Liberty” (1901), her fictionalized account of the Creole rebellion. The story can be found in part 4 of this volume. In The Heroic Slave, Washington’s wife is shot and killed as Madison tries to free her; Hopkins imagines her joining the rebellion. There remains no known documentation about whether she joined Washington on the Creole.