1. Tom Nolan, Ross Macdonald: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1999), 163–76.
2. Robert Gale, A Ross Macdonald Companion (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2002), 210.
3. Ross Macdonald, “Notes of a Son and Father,” Special Collections, University of California–Irvine Library, 1956, unnumbered.
4. Ibid.
5. Paul Nelson, “It’s All One Case,” in Inward Journey: Reflections on Ross Macdonald by 25 of America’s Most Distinguished Authors, ed. Ralph B. Sipper (Santa Barbara, CA: Cordelia, 1984), 68.
6. Jerry Tutunjian, “Conversation with Ross Macdonald,” in Hardboiled Mystery Writers: Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Ross Macdonald: A Literary Reference, ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli and Richard Layman (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1989), 295. Originally published in Tamarack Review 62 (1974): 66–85.
7. Ross Macdonald, “Down These Streets a Mean Man Must Go,” Anteus 25–26 (Spring/Summer 1977): 211–16.
8. Diane Johnson, Dashiell Hammett: A Life (New York: Random House, 1983), 48.
9. Ross Macdonald, Self-Portrait: Ceaselessly into the Past (Santa Barbara, CA: Capra, 1981), 7.
10. Ross Macdonald, “The Writer as Detective Hero,” in The Mystery Writer’s Art, ed. Francis M. Nevins Jr. (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1970), 301–302. Originally published in Show (January 1965): 34–36.
11. Macdonald, Self-Portrait, 27.
12. Ibid., 5.
13. Ibid., 37.
14. Leon Edel, Literary Biography (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1959), 77.
15. Michael Kreyling, The Novels of Ross Macdonald (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005), 86.
16. Edel, Literary Biography, 113.
17. “Ross Macdonald,” 285.
18. Ibid., 90.
19. Edel, Literary Biography, 94–95.
20. “Ross Macdonald,” 263.
21. Macdonald, Self-Portrait, 5.
22. Jerry Tutunjian, “A Conversation with Ross Macdonald,” Tamarack Review 62 (1974): 66–85.
23. Nelson, “It’s All One Case,” 68.
1. Edward Margolies, “Ross Macdonald: Gentle Tough Guy,” Which Way Did He Go?: The Private Eye in Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Chester Himes, and Ross Macdonald (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1982), 76.
2. Ross Macdonald, The Doomsters (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1958), 222.
3. Jerome Charyn, “Blue Eyes and the Barber King,” Inward Journey: Reflections on Ross Macdonald by 25 of America’s Most Distinguished Authors, ed. Ralph B. Sipper (Santa Barbara, CA: Cordelia Editions, 1984), 114.
4. Macdonald, The Doomsters, 240–41.
5. Ibid., 250.
6. Ibid., 238.
7. Ibid., 154.
8. Michael Kreyling, The Novels of Ross Macdonald (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005), 95.
9. Ross Macdonald, The Galton Case: A Lew Archer Novel (New York: Warner Books, 1959), 194.
10. Ibid., 8–9.
11. Ibid., 195.
12. Ibid., 152.
13. Ross Macdonald, interview with Art Kaye, Kenneth and Margaret Millar Papers, University of California–Irvine Libraries’ Special Collections and Archives, 31.
14. Ross Macdonald, Self-Portrait: Ceaselessly into the Past (Santa Barbara, CA: Capra Press, 1981), 61.
15. Macdonald, Galton Case, 197.
16. Ibid., 196.
17. Ibid., 198.
18. Ibid.
19. Ross Macdonald, The Chill (New York: Bantam Books, 1983), 114.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ross Macdonald, The Blue Hammer (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976), 122–23.
23. Tom Nolan, Ross Macdonald: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1999), 19; Macdonald, Self-Portrait, 5.
24. Ross Macdonald, interview with Paul Nelson, Kenneth and Margaret Millar Papers.
25. Macdonald, Self-Portrait, 12.
26. Ibid., 5–6.
27. Ross Macdonald, “Notes of a Son and Father,” Special Collections, University of California–Irvine Library, 1956, unnumbered.
28. Ibid.
29. Macdonald, interview with Art Kaye, 34.
30. Macdonald, “Notes of a Son and Father.”
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Macdonald, Self-Portrait, 13.
36. Philip E. Slater, The Glory of Hera: Greek Mythology and the Greek Family (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968), 367–68.
37. Sigmund Freud, Totem and Taboo, standard edition (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1989), 161.
38. Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams (New York: Avon Books, 1980), 296.
39. Michael Kahn, Basic Freud: Psychoanalytic Thought for the 21st Century (New York: Basic Books, 2002), 83.
40. Macdonald, interview with Art Kaye, 31–32.
41. Dashiell Hammett, Five Complete Novels: Red Harvest, The Dain Curse, The Maltese Falcon, The Glass Key, The Thin Man (New York: Avenel Books, 1980), 145.
42. George J. “Rhino” Thompson, Hammett’s Moral Vision (San Francisco: Vince Emery Productions, 2007), 66.
43. Dashiell Hammett, “The Scorched Face,” in The Big Knockover: Selected Stories and Short Novels by Dashiell Hammett, ed. Lillian Hellman (New York: Random House, 1966), 73.
44. William Marling, Dashiell Hammett (Boston: Twayne, 1983), 29.
45. LeRoy Lad Panek, Reading Early Hammett: A Critical Study of the Fiction Prior to The Maltese Falcon (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2004), 181.
46. Regina Combs Hammett, History of St. Mary’s County, Maryland (Washington: Kirby Lithographic Company, 1977).
47. Joan Mellen, Hellman and Hammett: The Legendary Passion of Lillian Hellman and Dashiell Hammett (New York: HarperCollins, 1996), 20, 22.
48. Jo Hammett, Dashiell Hammett: A Daughter Remembers, ed. Richard Layman (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2001), 21.
49. Diane Johnson, Dashiell Hammett: A Life (New York: Random House, 1983), 23.
50. William F. Nolan, introduction, Dashiell Hammett, Nightmare Town: Stories, ed. Kirby McCauley, Martin H. Greenberg, and Ed Gorman (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), viii.
51. Johnson, Dashiell Hammett, 23.
52. Philip A. Kalisch and Beatrice J. Kalisch, The Advance of American Nursing (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978), 325.
53. Johnson, Dashiell Hammett, 23.
54. Hammett, Red Harvest, in Five Complete Novels, 134.
55. Ibid., 141.
56. Ibid., 102.
57. Discovering The Maltese Falcon and Sam Spade, ed. Richard Layman (San Francisco, CA: Vince Emery Productions, 2005), 69.
58. Dashiell Hammett, Lost Stories, ed. Vince Emery, intro. Joe Gores (San Francisco, CA: Vince Emery Productions, 2005), 86.
59. Johnson, Dashiell Hammett, 38.
60. Hammett, A Daughter Remembers, 32.
61. Frank Morn, “The Eye That Never Sleeps”: A History of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1982), 151–52.
62. Sinda Gregory, Private Investigations: The Novels of Dashiell Hammett (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1985), 4.
63. Johnson, Dashiell Hammett, 65, 38.
64. Mellen, Hellman and Hammett, 26–27.
65. Dashiell Hammett, “From the Memoirs of a Private Detective,” Smart Set 70 (March 1923): 88–90.
66. Joseph T. Shaw, unpublished draft of an introduction, Joseph T. Shaw Papers, 1936–1952, Department of Special Collections, University of California–Los Angeles Library, unnumbered.
67. Joseph T. Shaw, introduction, The Hard-Boiled Omnibus: Early Stories from Black Mask (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1946), v.
68. Ibid., vi.
69. James M. Cain, Double Indemnity, in Cain x 3 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969), 469.
70. Ed Sikov, On Sunset Boulevard: The Life and Times of Billy Wilder (New York: Hyperion, 1998), 197.
71. Ibid., 193.
72. Ibid., 204.
73. Raymond Chandler and Billy Wilder, Double Indemnity, in Chandler: Later Novels and Other Writings (New York: Library of America, 1995), 972.
74. Judith Freeman, The Long Embrace: Raymond Chandler and the Woman He Loved (New York: Pantheon Books, 2007), 218–19.
75. Sikov, On Sunset Boulevard, 198.
76. Tom Hiney, Raymond Chandler: A Biography (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997), 10.
77. Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye (London, UK: Penguin, 1959), 18.
78. Hiney, Raymond Chandler, 4.
79. Frank MacShane, The Life of Raymond Chandler (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1976), 6.
80. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosexual Desire, in Gender and Culture, ed. Carolyn G. Heilbrun and Nancy K. Miller (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985), 23.
81. Raymond Chandler to Leroy Wright, March 31, 1957, in Jerry Speir, Raymond Chandler (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1981).
82. MacShane, Life of Raymond Chandler, 8.
83. Hiney, Raymond Chandler, 11.
84. Chandler, Chandler: Later Novels, 1055.
85. Raymond Chandler to Helga Greene, November 13, 1956, in Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler, ed. Frank MacShane (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981), 407.
86. Raymond Chandler to Hamish Hamilton, December 11, 1950, ibid., 250.
87. MacShane, Life of Raymond Chandler, 15.
88. Ibid., 22.
89. Ibid., 16.
90. Raymond Chandler to Hamish Hamilton, January 22, 1955, in Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler, 380.
91. Raymond Chandler to Hamish Hamilton, October 11, 1950, ibid., 236.
92. Raymond Chandler to Charles Morton, January 15, 1945, ibid., 46.
93. Ibid., 26.
94. Ibid., 32.
1. Michael Kreyling, The Novels of Ross Macdonald (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005), 15.
2. Ibid., 86.
3. Ross Macdonald, The Underground Man (New York: Bantam Books, 1974), 147.
4. Ibid., 244.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., 47.
7. Ibid., 155.
8. Ross Macdonald, The Chill (New York: Bantam Books, 1983), 214–15.
9. Ibid., 46.
10. Ibid., 215.
11. Matthew J. Bruccoli, Ross Macdonald (San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984), 39.
12. Macdonald, The Chill, 214.
13. Ibid., 215.
14. Ross Macdonald, The Barbarous Coast (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956), 224–25.
15. John Utley, interview with author, June 29, 2009.
16. Macdonald, The Chill, 215.
17. Ibid., 211.
18. Ibid., 90–91.
19. Ibid., 114.
20. Ibid., 93.
21. Ibid., 193.
22. Arnold A. Rogow, The Psychiatrists (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970), 241.
23. Macdonald, The Chill, 192.
24. Ibid., 215.
25. M. H. Abrams, “Psychological and Psychoanalytic Criticism,” A Glossary of Literary Terms (Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2005), 257.
26. Macdonald, “Notes of a Son and Father.”
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Ross Macdonald, The Far Side of the Dollar, Ross Macdonald Selects Great Stories of Suspense, intro. Ross Macdonald (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974), 788.
33. Ross Macdonald, The Instant Enemy (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968), 394–95.
34. Michael Kahn, Basic Freud: Psychoanalytic Thought for the 21st Century (New York: Basic Books, 2002), 108.
35. Macdonald, interview with Art Kaye, 1970, Kenneth and Margaret Millar Papers, University of California–Irvine Libraries’ Special Collections and Archives, 36.
36. Tom Nolan, Ross Macdonald: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1999), 20.
37. Ross Macdonald, “A Preface to The Galton Case, Afterwords,” in Hardboiled Mystery Writers: Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Ross Macdonald: A Literary Reference, ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli and Richard Layman (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1989), 263.
38. Nolan, Ross Macdonald, 23.
39. Ross Macdonald, “Notes of a Son and Father,” Special Collections, University of California–Irvine Library, 1956, unnumbered.
40. Macdonald, The Chill, 198.
41. Phillip E. Slater, The Glory of Hera: Greek Mythology and the Greek Family (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968), 460.
42. Ibid., 461.
43. Macdonald, interview with Art Kaye, 34.
44. Ross Macdonald, The Underground Man (New York: Bantam Books, 1974), 224.
45. Macdonald, “Preface to The Galton Case,” in Hardboiled Mystery Writers, 263.
46. Kreyling, Novels of Ross Macdonald, 86.
47. Nolan, Ross Macdonald, 34.
48. Macdonald, The Chill, 35.
49. Macdonald, “Notes of a Son and Father.”
50. Ibid.
51. Terrence Real, I Don’t Want to Talk About It: Overcoming the Secret Legacy of Male Depression (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 143–44.
52. Eudora Welty, “Finding the Connections,” in Inward Journey: Reflections on Ross Macdonald by 25 of America’s Most Distinguished Authors, ed. Ralph B. Sipper (Santa Barbara, CA: Cordelia Editions, 1984), 155, 158.
53. Ross Macdonald, Self-Portrait: Ceaselessly into the Past (Santa Barbara, CA: Capra Press, 1981), 121.
54. Dashiell Hammett, The Thin Man (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1933), 129–30.
55. Ibid., 133.
56. Julian Symons, Dashiell Hammett (San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985), 102.
57. Ibid.
58. Hammett, The Thin Man, 133.
59. Joan Mellen, Hellman and Hammett: The Legendary Passion of Lillian Hellman and Dashiell Hammett (New York: HarperCollins, 1996), 22.
60. LeRoy Lad Panek, Reading Early Hammett: A Critical Study of the Fiction Prior to The Maltese Falcon (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2004), 194.
61. Ibid., 16.
62. Dashiell Hammett, “The Ruffian’s Wife,” in Nightmare Town: Stories, ed. Kirby McCauley, Martin H. Greenberg, and Ed Gorman; intro. William F. Nolan (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), 58.
63. Ibid., 65.
64. Dashiell Hammett, Red Harvest, in Five Complete Novels: Red Harvest, The Dain Curse, The Maltese Falcon, The Glass Key, The Thin Man (New York: Avenel Books, 1980), 123.
65. Jo Hammett, Dashiell Hammett: A Daughter Remembers, ed. Richard Layman (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2001), 20.
66. Diane Johnson, Dashiell Hammett: A Life (New York: Random House, 1983), 70.
67. Dashiell Hammett to Blanche Knopf, March 20, 1928, in Selected Letters, 1921–1960, ed. Richard Layman (Washington: Counterpoint, 2001), 46.
68. Johnson, Dashiell Hammett, 222.
69. Ibid., 253.
70. Richard Layman, Shadow Man: The Life of Dashiell Hammett (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981), 223.
71. Johnson, Dashiell Hammett, 245.
72. Julie M. Rivett, interview with author, October 17, 2008.
73. Hammett, A Daughter Remembers, 93.
74. Ibid., 152–53.
75. Ibid., 112.
76. Stephen Knight, “‘A Hard Cheerfulness’: An Introduction to Raymond Chandler,” in American Crime Fiction: Studies in the Genre, ed. Brian Docherty (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988), 82–83.
77. Ibid., 84.
78. Philip Marlowe’s Guide to Life: A Compendium of Quotations by Raymond Chandler, ed. Martin Asher (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005), 12–13.
79. Richard Layman, “Out From Under Hammett’s ‘Black Mask,’” in Inward Journey, 141.
80. Knight, “‘A Hard Cheerfulness,’” in American Crime Fiction, 84.
81. Raymond Chandler, The High Window, in Four Philip Marlowe Novels: The Big Sleep; Farewell, My Lovely; The High Window; The Lady in the Lake, intro. Lawrence Clark Powell (Stamford, CT: Longmeadow Press, 1964), 359.
82. Ibid., 514.
83. Ibid., 515.
84. Tom Hiney, Raymond Chandler: A Biography (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997), 26.
85. Judith Freeman, The Long Embrace: Raymond Chandler and the Woman He Loved (New York: Pantheon Books, 2007), 146.
86. Hiney, Raymond Chandler, 48.
87. Freeman, The Long Embrace, 28.
88. Raymond Chandler to Deidre Gartell, March 2, 1957, in Selected Letters, 423–24.
89. Ibid., July 25, 1957, 455.
90. Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye (New York: Random House, 1953), 274.
91. Freeman, The Long Embrace, 28.
92. Frank MacShane, The Life of Raymond Chandler (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1976), 33.
93. John D. Gartner, In Search of Bill Clinton: A Psychological Biography (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2008), 25.
94. Freeman, The Long Embrace, 197.
95. Jerry Speir, Raymond Chandler (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1981), 138.
1. Tom Nolan, Ross Macdonald: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1999), 170.
2. Ibid., 300.
3. Ibid., 307.
4. Eudora Welty, review of The Underground Man by Ross Macdonald, New York Times Book Review (February 14, 1971): 1, 28–30.
5. Eudora Welty, “Finding the Connections,” in Inward Journey: Reflections on Ross Macdonald by 25 of America’s Most Distinguished Authors, ed. Ralph B. Sipper (Santa Barbara, CA: Cordelia Editions, 1984), 155.
6. Ross Macdonald, The Underground Man (New York: Bantam Books, 1974), 120.
7. Peter Wolfe, Dreamers Who Live Their Dreams: The World of Ross Macdonald’s Novels (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1976), 314.
8. Macdonald, Underground Man, 244–45.
9. Ibid., 223.
10. Ibid., 130.
11. Ross Macdonald, The Galton Case: A Lew Archer Novel (New York: Warner Books, 1959), 198.
12. Macdonald, Underground Man, 132.
13. Ibid., 209.
14. Ibid., 15.
15. Ibid., 86.
16. Ibid., 136.
17. Ibid., 249.
18. Ibid.
19. Michael Kreyling, The Novels of Ross Macdonald (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005), 143.
20. Macdonald, The Underground Man, 13.
21. Ibid., 230.
22. Nolan, Ross Macdonald, 46.
23. Ross Macdonald, “Notes of a Son and Father.”
24. Edward Margolies, Which Way Did He Go?: The Private Eye in Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Chester Himes, and Ross Macdonald (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1982), 72.
25. Macdonald, “Notes of a Son and Father.”
26. Ibid.
27. Nolan, Ross Macdonald, 46.
28. Ibid.
29. John D. Gartner, In Search of Bill Clinton: A Psychological Biography (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2008), 25.
30. Margaret Millar to Ross Macdonald, October 4, 1948, Kenneth and Margaret Millar Papers, University of California–Irvine Libraries.
31. Gartner, In Search of Bill Clinton, 25.
32. Nolan, Ross Macdonald, 49.
33. Ibid., 48.
34. Ibid., 50.
35. Macdonald, “Notes of a Son and Father.”
36. Nolan, Ross Macdonald, 60.
37. Macdonald, “Notes of a Son and Father.”
38. Ross Macdonald to Anthony Boucher, December 9, 1947, in Nolan, Ross Macdonald, 88.
39. Winter Solstice notebooks and typescripts, Kenneth and Margaret Millar Papers.
40. Kreyling, Novels of Ross Macdonald, 38.
41. Nolan, Ross Macdonald, 51.
42. Ross Macdonald to Margaret Millar, September 9, 1945, Kenneth and Margaret Millar papers.
43. Margaret Millar to Ross Macdonald, March 4, 1945, ibid.
44. Margaret Millar to Ross Macdonald, n.d., ibid. The date is most likely 1945, given that the couple was apart due to Macdonald’s military service.
45. Ross Macdonald, interview with John Stirn, US Information Service, January 1972, Kenneth and Margaret Millar papers.
46. Margaret Millar, The Couple Next Door: Collected Short Mysteries, ed. Tom Nolan (Norfolk, VA: Crippen & Landru, 2004), 55.
47. Margaret Millar, Beast in View (New York: Random House, 1955), 168.
48. Nolan, Ross Macdonald, 59.
49. Suzanne Marrs, Eudora Welty: A Biography (Orlando, FL: Harcourt, 2005), 355.
50. Nolan, Ross Macdonald, 340.
51. Marrs, Eudora Welty, 489.
52. Ross Macdonald, The Doomsters (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1958), 171.
53. Ross Macdonald, The Blue Hammer (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976), 187.
54. Ross Macdonald to Gerald Walker, January 6, 1974, in Nolan, Ross Macdonald, 352–53.
55. Dashiell Hammett, Red Harvest, in Five Complete Novels: Red Harvest, The Dain Curse, The Maltese Falcon, The Glass Key, The Thin Man (New York: Avenel Books, 1980), 20.
56. Dashiell Hammett, The Dain Curse (New York: Random House, 1929), 57, 64.
57. Sinda Gregory, Private Investigations: The Novels of Dashiell Hammett (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1985), 72–77.
58. Peter Wolfe, Beams Falling: The Art of Dashiell Hammett (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1980), 40.
59. Dashiell Hammett, The Big Knock-Over: Selected Stories and Short Novels by Dashiell Hammett, ed. and intro. Lillian Hellman (New York: Random House, 1966), 282.
60. John G. Cawelti, Adventure, Mystery, and Romance: Formula Stories as Art and Popular Culture (New York: Random House, 1962), 149, 156.
61. William F. Nolan, Hammett: A Life at the Edge (New York: Congdon & Weed, 1983), 19.
62. Jo Hammett, Dashiell Hammett: A Daughter Remembers, ed. Richard Layman (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2001), 28.
63. Ibid., 30.
64. Nolan, Hammett: A Life at the Edge, 18.
65. Andrea Barrett, The Air We Breathe (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 296.
66. Sue Miller, The World Below (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2001), 111.
67. Nolan, Hammett: A Life at the Edge, 21.
68. Dashiell Hammett to Jose Dolan, May 8, 1921, in Selected Letters of Dashiell Hammett, 1921–1960, ed. Richard Layman with Julie M. Rivett (Washington: Counterpoint, 2001), 18–19.
69. Dashiell Hammett to Jose Dolan, March 4, 1921, ibid., 10.
70. Julie Marshll Rivett, interview with Karen Karydes, October 17, 2008.
71. Lillian Hellman, Pentimento (Boston: Little, Brown, 1973), 140.
72. Joan Mellen, Hellman and Hammett: The Legendary Passion of Lillian Hellman and Dashiell Hammett (New York: HarperCollins, 1996), 37.
73. Diane Johnson, Dashiell Hammett: A Life (New York: Random House, 1983), 170–71.
74. Judith Freeman, The Long Embrace: Raymond Chandler and the Woman He Loved (New York: Pantheon Books, 2007), 64.
75. Ibid., 100.
76. Frank MacShane, The Life of Raymond Chandler (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1976), 40.
77. Jerry Speir, Raymond Chandler (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1981), 98–99.
78. Clive James, “The Country Behind the Hill,” in The World of Raymond Chandler, ed. Miriam Gross (New York: A & W, 1977), 116.
79. Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, in Four Philip Marlowe Novels: The Big Sleep; Farewell, My Lovely; The High Window; The Lady in the Lake, intro. Lawrence Clark Powell (Stamford, CT: Longmeadow Press, 1964), 4, 24–25, 247.
80. Chandler, The Big Sleep, ibid., 107.
81. Michael Gilbert, “Autumn in London,” in The World of Raymond Chandler, 116.
82. Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, in Four Philip Marlowe Novels, 218.
83. Ibid., 286.
84. Ibid., 285.
85. Ibid., 552.
86. Peter Wolfe, Something More Than Night: The Case of Raymond Chandler (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1976), 50–51.
87. Michael Mason, “Marlowe, Men, and Women,” in The World of Raymond Chandler, 94.
88. Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye (New York: Random House, 1953), 213.
89. William F. Nolan, Hammett: A Casebook (Santa Barbara, CA: McNally and Loftin, 1969), 41.
90. Freeman, Long Embrace, 140.
91. Raymond Chandler, “I’ll Be Waiting,” in Chandler: Stories and Early Novels (New York: Library of America, 1995), 572.
92. Raymond Chandler, “Kashinmor the Elephant,” in The Long Embrace, 192–93.
93. Chandler, The Long Goodbye, 329.
94. Tom Hiney, Raymond Chandler: A Biography (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997), 108.
95. Raymond Chandler, “Chandler on His Novels, Short Stories, and Philip Marlowe,” Raymond Chandler Speaking, ed. Dorothy Gardiner and Kathrine Sorley Walker (Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1962), 207–209.
96. David Wyatt, “Chandler, Marriage, and the Great Wrong Place,” The Fall into Eden: Landscape and Imagination in California (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 164.
1. Thomas Maier, Masters of Sex (New York: Basic Books, 2009), 285, 282.
2. Edward Margolies, Which Way Did He Go? The Private Eye in Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, Chester Himes, and Ross Macdonald (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1982), 71–72.
3. Raymond Chandler, The Raymond Chandler Papers: Selected Letters and Nonfiction, 1909–1959, ed. Tom Hiney and Frank MacShane (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2000), 226.
4. Michael Kahn, Basic Freud: Psychoanalytic Thought for the 21st Century (New York: Basic Books, 2002), 123.
5. Ramond Chandler, Four Philip Marlowe Novels: The Big Sleep; Farewell, My Lovely; The High Window; The Lady in the Lake, foreword by Lawrence Clark Powell (Stamford, CT: Longmeadow Press, 1964), 319.
6. Chandler, The Lady in the Lake, ibid., 533.
7. Donald Spoto, The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1983), 321.
8. Patricia Highsmith, Strangers on a Train (New York: Harper and Bros., 1950), 228.
9. Patrick McGillian, Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light (New York: HarperCollins, 2003), 451.
10. Chandler to Bernice Baumgarten, May 14, 1942, in Raymond Chandler, Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler, ed. Frank MacShane (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981), 203.
11. Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, in Midnight Raymond Chandler (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1971), 587.
12. Ibid., 488–89.
13. Ibid., 733.
14. Raymond Chandler, introduction, Trouble Is My Business (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1950), x.
15. Peter Wolfe, Something More Than Night: The Case of Raymond Chandler (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1985), 13.
16. Ibid., 51.
17. Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, in Four Philip Marlowe Novels, 202.
18. Stephen Knight, “‘A Hard Cheerfulness’: An Introduction to Raymond Chandler,” American Crime Fiction: Studies in the Genre, ed. Brian Docherty (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988), 78.
19. Chandler to Jean De Leon, February 11, 1957, Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler, 421.
20. Chandler to Jessica Tyndale, August 20, 1956, ibid., 408.
21. Freeman, Long Embrace, 321.
22. Wolfe, Something More Than Night, 17.
23. John Houseman, “Lost Fortnight,” in The World of Raymond Chandler, ed. Miriam Gross, intro. Patricia Highsmith (New York: A and W Publishers, 1977), 53–66. The quote is on p. 55. The essay originally was published in Harper’s Magazine, August 1965.
24. Natasha Spender, “His Last Goodbye,” in World of Raymond Chandler, 131.
25. Chandler to Jean De Leon, February 11, 1957, Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler, 421.
26. Freeman, Long Embrace, 172.
27. Chandler, letter to Leonard Russell, December 29, 1954, Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler, 374.
28. Dilys Powell, “Ray and Cissy,” in World of Raymond Chandler, 86.
29. David Wyatt, “Chandler, Marriage, and the Great Wrong Place,” in The Fall into Eden: Landscape and Imagination in California (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 165.
30. Michael Kahn, Basic Freud: Psychoanalytic Thought for the 21st Century (New York: Basic Books, 2002), 81.
31. Ross Macdonald, “Notes of a Son and Father,” Kenneth and Margaret Millar Papers, University of California–Irvine Libraries’ Special Collections and Archives.
32. Ibid.
33. Tom Nolan, Ross Macdonald: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1999), 177.
34. John M. Reilly, “Margaret Millar,” Ten Women of Mystery, ed. Earl F. Bargainnier (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Press, 1981), 239.
35. Margaret Millar, Vanish in an Instant (New York: Random House, 1952), 210.
36. Eudora Welty, review of The Underground Man by Ross Macdonald, New York Times Book Review, February 14, 1971, 1, 28–30.
37. George Grella, “Evil Plots,” New Republic 173 (July 26, 1975): 24–26.
38. Paul Nelson, “It’s All One Case,” Inward Journey: Reflections on Ross Macdonald by 25 of America’s Most Distinguished Authors, ed. Ralph B. Sipper (Santa Barbara, CA: Cordelia Editions, 1984), 67.
39. Ross Macdonald, The Ferguson Affair (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1960), 282.
40. Ibid., 177.
41. Ross Macdonald in “The Art of Murder” by Raymond Sokolov, Newsweek, March 22, 1971, 101–104, 108.
42. Ross Macdonald, Sleeping Beauty (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973), 218.
43. Ibid., 28, 66.
44. Ibid., 66.
45. Ibid., 200.
46. Jo Hammett, Dashiell Hammett: A Daughter Remembers, ed. Richard Layman (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2001), 95–98.
47. Ibid.
48. Richard Layman, ed., foreword, Selected Letters, 1921–1960 (Washington: Counterpoint, 2001), 7.
49. Hammett, A Daughter Remembers, 70.
50. Dashiell Hammett to Jo Hammett, May 24, 1944, Selected Letters, 332.
51. Hammett, A Daughter Remembers, 130.
52. Richard Layman and Julie M. Rivett, interview, “The Maltese Falcon: 75th Anniversary,” washingtonpost.com, January 13, 2005.
53. Hammett, A Daughter Remembers, 79.
54. Ibid., 133.
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid., 134.
57. Doris Lessing, The Sweetest Dream (New York: HarperCollins, 2002), 68.
58. Julie M. Rivett, interview with Karen Karydes, October 17, 2008.
1. Susan Cheever, Desire: Where Sex Meets Addiction (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008), 149.
2. Raymond Chandler, The Little Sister, in The Midnight Raymond Chandler (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1971), 322.
3. Raymond Chandler, Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler, ed. Frank MacShane (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981), 405.
4. Cheever, Desire, 136, 139.
5. Chandler to Leonard Russell, December 29, 1954, Selected Letters, 373–74.
6. Chandler to Jessica Tyndale, October 21, 1955, ibid., 393.
7. Chandler to Tyndale, August 20, 1956, ibid., 409.
8. Chandler to Helga Greene, June 19, 1956, ibid., 402.
9. Chandler to Greene, February 11, 1957, ibid., 419.
10. Chandler to Greene, March 19, 1957, ibid., 429.
11. Raymond Chandler, Playback (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958), 139.
12. John Tuska, The Detective in Hollywood (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1978), 302.
13. George V. Higgins, “Trouble in Mind,” Guardian Review, June 17, 1988, 2.
14. Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, in Midnight Raymond Chandler, 603.
15. William Wright, Lillian Hellman: The Image, the Woman (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986), 70–71.
16. Jo Hammett, Dashiell Hammett: A Daughter Remembers, ed. Richard Layman (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2001), 108.
17. Dashiell Hammett, “Tulip,” in The Big Knockover: Selected Stories and Short Novels by Dashiell Hammett, ed. Lillian Hellman (New York: Random House, 1966), 271.
18. George J. “Rhino” Thompson, Hammett’s Moral Vision (San Francisco: Vince Emery Productions, 2007), 167.
19. Dashiell Hammett, “The Scorched Face,” in The Big Knockover, 68.
20. John T. Irwin, Unless the Threat of Death Is Behind Them: Hard-Boiled Fiction and Film Noir (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), 198.
21. Dashiell Hammett, The Thin Man, in Five Complete Novels: Red Harvest, The Dain Curse, The Maltese Falcon, The Glass Key, The Thin Man (New York: Avenel Books, 1980), 726.
22. Diane Johnson, Dashiell Hammett: A Life (New York: Random House, 1983), 225.
23. Joan Mellen, Hellman and Hammett: The Legendary Passion of Lillian Hellman and Dashiell Hammett (New York: HarperCollins, 1996), 271.
24. Ibid., 259.
25. William F. Nolan, Hammett: A Life at the Edge (New York: Congdon & Weed, 1983), 190.
26. William Marling, Dashiell Hammett (Boston: Twayne, 1983), 119.
27. Lillian Hellman, An Unfinished Woman (Boston: Little, Brown, 1969), 239.
28. Hammett, A Daughter Remembers, 129.
29. Nolan, Hammett: A Life at the Edge, 199.
30. Ibid., 200.
31. Richard Layman, Shadow Man: The Life of Dashiell Hammett (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981), 219–21.
32. Lillian Hellman, Conversations with Lillian Hellman, ed. Jackson R. Bryer (Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 1986), 67.
33. Dashiell Hammett, interview with James Cooper, “Lean Years for the Thin Man,” Washington Daily News, March 11, 1957.
34. William F. Nolan, Hammett: A Casebook (Santa Barbara, CA: McNally and Loftin, 1969), 6.
35. Sinda Gregory, Private Investigations: The Novels of Dashiell Hammett (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1985), 180.
36. Steven Marcus, introduction to Dashiell Hammett, The Continental Op (New York: Random House, 1974), xvii–xxix.
37. Dashiell Hammett to Mary Hammett, February 12, 1941; Dashiell Hammett to Jo Hammett, June 30, 1949; Dashiell Hammett to Lillian Hellman, April 28, 1952—in Dashiell Hammett, Selected Letters, 1921–1960, ed. Richard Layman with Julie M. Rivett (Washington: Counterpoint, 2001), 168, 516, 584.
38. Hammett, A Daughter Remembers, 171.
39. Hellman, An Unfinished Woman, 225.
40. Marcus, introduction to The Continental Op, xv.
41. Nunnally Johnson, Letters of Nunnally Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981), 187–88.
42. Dashiell Hammett, “Too Many Have Lived,” in Nightmare Town: Stories, intro. William F. Nolan, ed. Kirby McCauley and Martin H. Gorman (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), 312.
43. Tom Nolan, Ross Macdonald: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1999), 388.
44. Ibid., 404.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid., 407.
47. Ibid., 415.
1. Diane Johnson, Dashiell Hammett: A Life (New York: Random House, 1983), 58.
2. William Marling, Dashiell Hammett (Boston: Twayne, 1983), 59.
3. Raymond Chandler, Chandler: Later Novels and Other Writings (New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1995), 1034.
4. Ross Macdonald, “The Writer as Detective Hero,” in The Mystery Writer’s Art, ed. Francis M. Nevins Jr. (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green University Press, 1970), 295–96. Originally published in Show (January 1965): 34–36.
5. Raymond Chandler, The Little Sister, in The Midnight Raymond Chandler (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971), 354.
6. Philip Durham, Down These Mean Streets a Man Must Go (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1963), 96–97.
7. Chandler, The Little Sister, in Midnight Raymond Chandler, 354.
8. Raymond Chandler, Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler, ed. Frank MacShane (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981), 483.
9. Dashiell Hammett, “The Big Knock-Over,” in The Big Knock-over: Selected Stories and Short Novels, ed. Lillian Hellman (New York: Random House, 1966), 316.
10. Dashiell Hammett, “Nightmare Town,” in Nightmare Town: Stories, ed. Kirby McCauley, Martin H. Greenberg, and Ed Gorman; intro. William F. Nolan (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), 41.
11. George P. Elliott, “Country Full of Blondes,” in Hardboiled Mystery Writers: Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, Ross Macdonald: A Literary Reference, ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli and Richard Layman (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1989), 69. Originally published in Nation 190 (September 4, 1960): 354–60.
12. George Grella, “Evil Plots,” ibid., 308. Originally published in The New Republic 173 (July 26, 1975): 24–26.
13. Macdonald, “The Writer as Detective Hero,” Mystery Writer’s Art, 303.
14. Macdonald, “A Preface to The Galton Case,” in Hardboiled Mystery Writers, 266.
15. Macdonald, “The Writer as Detective Hero,” in Mystery Writer’s Art, 304.
16. Peter Wolfe, Dreamers Who Live Their Dreams: The World of Ross Macdonald’s Novels (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1976), 242.
17. Ross Macdonald, The Drowning Pool (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1950), 230.
18. Ross Macdonald, “Farewell, Chandler,” in Inward Journey: Reflections on Ross Macdonald by 25 of America’s Most Distinguished Authors, ed. Ralph B. Sipper (Santa Barbara, CA: Cordelia Editions, 1984), 38.
19. Eudora Welty, “Finding the Connections,” ibid., 158.