abuse, childhood
acetylation
activation, of genes, see gene expression
adenine
adipose tissue, see fat cells
adrenal gland
gene expression in
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
adult stem cells, see somatic stem cells
affectionless control
affective disorders, in Dutch famine cohort
African cichlid (Astatotilapia burtoni)
agouti locus
epigenetic inheritance and
lethal yellow (AL) allele of
methylation and
viable yellow (Avy) allele of
alleles
dominant vs. recessive
epigenetic marking of
epistasis and
homozygous vs. heterozygous
imprinting of, see imprinting, genomic
mutation of
pleiotropic
wild-type
see also agouti locus
allografting
alternative splicing
Alzheimer’s disease
amino acids
amphibians:
cellular dedifferentiation in
effects of endocrine disruptors in
regeneration in
anabolic steroids
androgen receptors
androgens
aneuploidy
Angelman syndrome (AS)
anthropomorphism
antisocial personality disorder
maternal style and
anxiety disorders:
maternal style and
stress biasing and
Arabidopsis thalinia
arginine vasopressin (AVP)
Arnhem, Netherlands
asses
atrazine
attachment, of infants and mothers
autism
folic acid and
autoimmune diseases
Axin gene
Bangkok
Barker, James
Barr bodies
baseball, steroid scandal in
base pairs, in DNA
Beadle, George
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS)
behavioral disorders
behaviorism
ß-endorphin
birth weight:
Dutch famine and
gene expression correlated with
life expectancy and
neonatal health and
obesity and
bisphenol A
Bissell, Mary
blastocysts
blastula
as pluripotent
blood cells, epigenetic changes in
blood stem cells
brain
androgen receptors in
gene expression in
glucocorticoid receptors in
hippocampus in
hypothalamus in
stress biasing and
breast cancer
gene mutation and
breast development, steroid abuse and
Caenorhabditis elegans
cancer
agouti alleles and
aneuploid theory of
cellular dedifferentiation and
cellular stability of
dedifferentiation theory of
demethylation in
in dogs
embryonic stem cells and
endocrine disruptors and
epigenetic alterations in
epigenetic inheritance and
gene regulation and
immune system and
metastasis of
microenvironmental view of
mutation and
normalization and
somatic mutation theory
(SMT) of
spontaneous remission of
in Tasmanian devils, see devil facial tumor disease (DFTD)
tissue-based theory of
treatment of
see also specific cancers
cancers, embryonic
canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT)
canonical gene
Canseco, José
carbohydrates
carcinogens
cardiovascular disease:
in Dutch famine cohort
epigenetic inheritance and
genomic imprinting and
metabolic syndrome and
stress biasing and
Caroms (game)
Castle, William
Catholic Church
cavies
Cc (cat)
cell division
cells, cellular environment:
executive function view of
cells, cellular environment
gene regulation and
see also specific types of cells
cellular differentiation
potential in
as reversible
see also development
cellular interactions
cancer and
Charles (gorilla)
Charles III, King of Spain
cheetahs
children, abused
chimpanzees
choline
chorionic gonadotropin
chromosome 7
chromosome 15
chromosomes:
in cancer cells
composition of
definition of
in epigenesis theory
instability in
in preformationist theory
clones, cloning
see also monozygotic twins
coat color:
in cats
in mice, see agouti locus
coat patterns, of mice
cognitive defects, genomic
imprinting and
colorectal cancer
color vision
cone cells and
dichromatic
enhanced
red-green colorblindness in
trichromatic
competitive interactions, testosterone levels and
complexity intuition
cone cells
peak sensitivities of
as unipotent
coronary heart disease
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
corticotropins
cortisol
cortisone
creationism
CRH, see corticotropin releasing hormone
Crick, Francis
cystic fibrosis
cytoplasm
cytosine
Damien, Father
Darwin, Charles
dedifferentiation, cellular
cancer and
Deer Hunter, The (film)
deletions, chromosomal
demethylation, see methylation/demethylation
Denenberg, V. H.
depression:
in Dutch famine cohort
gene mutation and
maternal style and
stress biasing and
development
cell division in
cellular interactions in
epigenesis theory of
epigenetic processes in
executive function in, see
executive function feedback (reciprocal causation) in
gene mutation and
genetic-epigenetic program metaphor in
preformationist theory of, see preformationism
recipe/program metaphors in
self-organizing processes in
see also cellular differentiation
developmental biology
developmental genetics
developmental origins hypothesis, see fetal programming
developmental systems perspective
devil facial tumor disease (DFTD)
cellular stability of
immune response and
normalization and
in tissue-based theory of cancer
transmissibility of
vaccine for
diabetes:
agouti alleles and
in Dutch famine cohort
gene mutation and
genomic imprinting and
GR expression and
metabolic syndrome and
stress biasing and
diet, epigenetic inheritance and
directorial intuition
DNA
base pairs in
double helix structure of
epigenetic modification of
DNA
histones and
methylation of
mutation of, x noncoding
in protein synthesis
DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt)
dogs, cancer in
donkeys
dosage compensation
see also X inactivation
double helix
Driesch, Hans
Dutch famine
multigenerational impact of
Dutch Famine Birth Cohort
Study
birth weight in
cardiovascular disease in
diabetes in
obesity in
psychiatric disorders in
timing of exposure as factor in
egg cells, epigenetic attachments removed in production of
egg fertilization
embryonic cancers
embryonic skin cells
embryonic stem cells
cancer and
cellular interactions and
controversy surrounding
as pluripotent
endocrine disruptors
transgenerational effects of
entelechy
environment:
epigenetic change as response to
and epigenetic inheritance
fetal, see fetal environment
gene regulation effects of, as cell type-specific
postnatal
see also microenvironment, of cancer cells
environmental toxins
enzymes
epialleles
epigenesis
epigenetic inheritance
agouti locus and
in Avy allele
cancer and
cardiovascular disease and
diet and
epigenetic reprogramming and
olfaction and
in plants
randomness in
RNA-based
social inheritance as affected by
epigenetic processes:
asymmetry in
cancer and
definition of
in gene regulation, see gene regulation, epigenetic
as response to environment
reversals of
transgenerational, see transgenerational epigenetic processes
and view of gene function
in X inactivation
epigenetic reprogramming
epimutations
epistasis
erectile malfunctions, steroid abuse and
estradiol
estrogen receptors
methylation of
estrogens
endocrine disruptor mimicking of
evolutionary biology
executive function:
as residing in cells
as residing in genes
as residing in genome
exons
extracellular matrix
eye color
famine:
epigenetic inheritance and
see also Dutch famine; Dutch Famine Birth Cohort Study
fast-food chains
fat cells (adipose tissue):
gene expression in
melanin production in
Faulkner, William
fearfulness
feedback (reciprocal causation)
fertility drugs
fertilization
fetal development:
IGF2 and
maternal nutrition and
fetal environment:
epigenetic change as response to
long-term health consequences of
fetal environment
mismatches between postnatal environment and
nutrient availability in
obesity and
stress and
true epigenetic inheritance and
fetal programming
fibroblast cells
fight-or-flight response
fish, effects of endocrine disruptors in
folic acid
autism and
fruit flies
fungicides
FWA allele
fwa mutation
gene expression
biparental vs. uniparental
birth weight correlated with
glucocorticoids and
as inhibited by methylation
monoallelic vs. biallelic
mutation and, see mutation
randomness and
transcription factors in
see also gene regulation
gene regulation
cancer and
as cell type-specific
executive function in, see executive function
garden-variety (short-term)
social interactions and
gene regulation, epigenetic
in development
Driesch and
as long-term
methylation and, see methylation/demethylation
microRNA and
in plants
as reversible
stress biasing and
war and
Xist RNA and
genes:
activation of, see gene expression
control panels of
in executive cell view of gene regulation
executive (traditional) view of
imprinting control regions of
inactive
Janus metaphor of
loci of
methylation/demethylation of, see methylation/demethylation
protein-coding sequence of
traits as linked to
see also alleles
genetic background
genetic code
genetics:
Mendelian
modern, preformationism and
genetic variation, immune response and
genomic imprinting, see imprinting, genomic
German army, in World War II
glucocorticoid programming, see stress biasing
glucocorticoid receptor gene, see GR gene
glucocorticoid receptors (GR)
glucocorticoid stress hormones
glucose intolerance
GnRH, see gonadotropin releasing hormone (GTRH)
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GTRH)
gonadotropins (GT)
gonads
genomic imprinting and
melanin production in
gorillas, socialization in
GR gene
methylation of
growth:
genomic imprinting and
pathogen defense vs.
GR proteins, see glucocorticoid receptors
GTRH, see gonadotropin releasing hormone
guanine
guinea pigs:
domestication of
genetic studies with
stress biasing in
hair color
Harlow, Harry
heart cells
gene expression in
heart disease, see cardiovascular disease
Herodotus
heterozygous alleles
high blood pressure
hinnies, see mules, hinnies
hippocampus
histones
Hobbes, Thomas
Holocaust, PTSD and
homozygous alleles
horbra
hormones
see also specific hormones
housekeeping genes
HPA programming, see stress biasing
humans, protracted infancy and childhood of
Huntington’s disease
hybrid dysgenesis
hybridization
see also mules, hinnies
hypomethylation
see also methylation/demethylation
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, see stress axis
hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis
hypothalamus
identical twins, see monozygotic twins
IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2)
IGF2 gene
IGF2 inhibitor
immune system
cancer and
self-nonself distinction in
imprinting, genomic
active vs. inactive alleles in
disruptions in
effect of environmental toxins on
maternal origin and
methylation in
parent-of-origin effect in
paternal origin and
transgenerational effects of
imprinting control regions (ICRs)
Indian Ocean tsunami (2004)
induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
inheritance:
epigenetic processes in
see also epigenetic inheritance; imprinting, genomic; social inheritance
injury repair, cellular dedifferentiation in
intracisternal A particle (IAP)
introns
Inuits
Janus metaphor
Juiced (Canseco)
Just, Ernest Everett
Kallmann syndrome, ix–xi kangaroos, see
marsupials
Katrina, Hurricane
Kentucky Fried Chicken
kidney disease
kidneys:
gene expression in
melanin production in
Kit gene
La Russa, Tony
lethal yellow (AL) agouti allele
leukemia
Leviathan (Hobbes)
lick grooming, stress biasing and
life expectancy:
birth weight and
stress biasing and
ligers
limbic system
Lin, Maya
lin-4
Linnaeus, Carl
lipids
liver:
gene expression in
GR expression in
melanin production in
locus, loci, of genes
lung disease
lupus
Lyon, Mary
male mammals, effects of endocrine disruptors in
mammals, regeneration in
Marathon, Battle of
marsupials:
X inactivation in
see also Tasmanian devils
maternal environment, see fetal environment maternal style
transgenerational transmission of
McDonald’s
McGwire, Mark
Meaney, Michael
melanin
melanocyte stimulating hormone
melanoma
Mendel, Gregor
Mendel’s laws
messenger RNA (mRNA)
metabolic syndrome
metastasis
methylation/demethylation
in cancer cells
diet and
of DNA
of estrogen receptors
in genomic imprinting
of GR gene
of histones
permanence of
randomness in
of viable yellow allele
in X inactivation
methyl group (CH3)
mice and rats:
agouti locus in, see agouti locus
Axin gene in
gene methylation in
imprinting disruption in
stress biasing in
microenvironment, of cancer cells
microRNA
monozygotic twins:
discordances in
epigenetic alterations in
Kallmann syndrome in
stress responses in
Morgan, Thomas Hunt
mortality, male vs. female risk of
mothering:
affectionless control in
in gorillas
hormonal changes and
infant-mother bond and
as social inheritance
stress biasing and
see also maternal style; parenting
motherless mothers
as vicious cycle
Mount Williams National Park
mules, hinnies
multipotent cells
Mus
muscle:
androgen receptors in
genomic imprinting and
mutation
cancer and
dominant vs. recessive alleles in
natural disasters
natural experiments
naturalism
Neel, James
neonates, link between birth weight and health of
neural crest cells
neural stem cells
neurons
Newtonian physics
NGF (NGFI-A; nerve growth factor inducible factor A)
NGF gene
normalization, of cancer cells
nutrition, maternal, fetal development and
obesity:
agouti alleles and
birth weight and
childhood
in Dutch famine cohort
epigenetic explanations of
as family trait
fetal environment and
gene mutation and
genetic explanations of
genomic imprinting and
GR expression and
Western lifestyle and
obsessive-compulsive disorder, maternal style and
Ohno, Susumu
olfaction, epigenetic inheritance and
olfaction, Kallmann syndrome and, ix–x
olfactory placode
oligopotent cells
oncogenes
see also cancer
“one gene – one protein” rule
opsin genes
organicism
organ transplants
osteoporosis
oxytocin
Pacific Islanders
Paradorn (pseud.)
paramutations
Parent Bonding Instrument (PBI)
parenting
see also mothering
parent-of-origin effect
see also imprinting, genomic
paternal care
pathogen defense, growth vs.
Petchburi Province, Thailand
phenotypes
thrifty
pheromones
pituitary
placenta, imprinting in
plants, epigenetic inheritance in
pleiotropy
pluripotent cells
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
population genetics
postnatal environment, mismatch between fetal environment and
posttranslational processing
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Holocaust and
second-generation
potential, in cellular differentiation
poverty, stress and
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)
preformationism
intuitive appeal of
in modern genetics
naturalism of
stem cell controversy and
premature birth
pre–messenger RNA
prenatal environment, see fetal environment
primates:
color vision in
see also specific species
processed foods
proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene
prostate cancer
protein, dietary
protein synthesis
protoprotein
psychiatric disorders, Dutch famine and
Rainbow (cat)
randomness:
in biochemical processes
in epigenetic inheritance
Wright’s emphasis on
in X inactivation
rats, see mice and rats
reciprocal causation (feedback)
regeneration:
in amphibians
in mammals
resistance (R) genes
retrotransposon
rhesus monkeys
rheumatoid arthritis
RNA:
editing of
in epigenetic inheritance
messenger (mRNA)
micro-
pre–messenger RNA
small interfering (siRNAs)
Xist
RNA interference
rodents
see also specific species
Rosenberg, K. M.
Roux, Wilhelm
sainthood, criteria for
schizophrenia:
in Dutch famine cohort
gene mutation and
stress biasing and
Scruggs, Jan
sea urchins
self-esteem, maternal style and
self-nonself distinction, in immune system
self-organization, of developmental processes
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks
sex-linked traits
see also X chromosome
sexual development:
genomic imprinting and
Kallmann syndrome and
Silver-Russell syndrome
small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)
Smith, Clement
social inheritance
social interactions:
gene regulation and
in gorillas
infant-parent relationship in
somatic mutation theory (SMT) of cancer
somatic stem cells
cancer and, see somatic mutation theory (SMT) of cancer
spatial cognition
sperm cells:
in egg fertilization
epigenetic attachments removed in production of
sperm development
spina bifida
stamping, genetic
stature, genomic imprinting and
stem cells
blood
induced pluripotent
neural
see also embryonic stem cells; somatic stem cells
stress, maternal
stress axis
hyperresponsiveness in, see stress biasing
stress biasing
epigenetic gene regulation and
maternal style and
in mice and rat studies
in primates
stress response
to chronic stressors
fight or flight
hyperactivity of, see stress biasing
in monozygotic twins
substance abuse
maternal style and
Suomi, Steven
tactile stimulation
Tanganyika, Lake
Tasmanian devils
cancer in, see devil facial tumor disease (DFTD)
healing capacity of
immune response in
Tatum, Edward
teratocarcinoma cells
testes
endocrine disruptors and
steroid abuse and shrinkage of
testosterone
competitive interactions and
Thailand, diet and obesity in
“thrifty genes” hypothesis
thrifty phenotype
thymine
tigons
tissue-based theory of cancer
Toguchi, Audrey
Toronto zoo
totipotent cells
traits:
genes as linked to
sex-linked
transcription
transcription factors
transdifferentiation
transgenerational epigenetic processes
translation
translocation
tumor suppressor genes
Turner neurocognitive phenotype
Turner syndrome
unipotent cells
viable yellow (Avy) agouti allele
Vietnam Veterans Memorial
Vietnam War
vinclozolin
Vindicated (Canseco)
violence, steroid use and
vision, color, see color vision
vitalism
vitamin B12
Waddington, Conrad
war, epigenetic changes induced by
Washington, George
Watson, James
Wayne, John
weed killers
Weismann, August
Western lifestyle:
obesity and
stress in
Wilhelmina Gasthuis Hospital
Wilms’ tumor
Wolf, Caspar Friedrich
womb, see fetal environment
World Trade Center, 9/11 attack on
World War I, shell shock in
World War II:
battle fatigue in
Dutch famine in, see Dutch famine
Wright, Sewall
X chromosome
opsins on
see also sex-linked traits
X inactivation
epigenetic processes in
histones in
in marsupials
methylation in
randomness in
X-inactivation center (Xic)
X-inactive-specific transcript (Xist)
XO females
“X-women,”
Y chromosome
zebras
zinc
zorse
zygote
epigenesis theory of
in preformationist theory
in stem cell controversy
as totipotent