Index

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

A

ABA. See American Birding Association (ABA)

Academy of Natural Sciences, 97, 183 n

Audubon speaks at, 65

Adolphus Heermann in, 114–115

Ord as president of, 63

women in, 91

youngest elected member of, 84

acclimatization societies, 128–130

Adak Island (Aleutian Islands), 276–277, 279, 281

Adams, Marjorie Valentine, 257

Agassiz, Elizabeth Cabot, 157

Agassiz, Louis, 157

Agua Caliente Park (Arizona), 5

aigrettes, 150–152, 156–159

Alaska

Adak Island (Aleutian Islands), 276–277, 279, 281

Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, 273–281

Attu (Aleutian island), 259, 278–279

federal wildlife reserve in, 155, 273–281

Fenimore Pass (Aleutian Islands), 274, 280

Sandhill Crane Festival (Fairbanks), 297

Shemya (Aleutian Islands), 276

Unalaska Island (Aleutian Islands), 276

albatross, yellow-nosed, 245, 246, 247

alder flycatcher, 238, 239, 259, 286

Aleutian Islands, 273–281

Aleutian song sparrow, 141

Alexander, Annie Montague, 240–241

Alexander, Wilfred B., 244–245

Allen, Arthur A (“Doc”), 235–236

Allen, Francis, 206

Allen, J. A., 136

Altamaha River (Georgia), 34–35

American Bird Conservancy, 312

American Birding Association (ABA), 217–219, 235

ABA Checklist Area, 287 n

Birding magazine, 5, 210, 256–259, 262–264, 270, 291, 293, 294, 298, 302

conference in Kenmare, North Dakota, 259–260, 291, 292

conservation movement and, 258–259, 262–263

financial crisis, 261–262

growth of, 259–261

list standings, 285, 287, 287 n

North American Birds (journal), 262

origins of, 256–259

Winging It (newsletter), 262

American Birds (journal), 262, 294

American bittern, 72

American Fur Co., 80, 98–99

American green-winged teal, 286

American kestrel, 168

American Museum of Natural History (New York City), 103, 132, 148–149, 171, 183, 185–186, 233, 243, 248, 256

American Ornithologists’ Union (AOU), 100, 143–144

The Auk, 132, 139–140, 160, 169, 205, 237, 283–284

bird protection movement, 160, 161

Brewster Medal, 134

Christmas Bird Counts (CBCs), 149–150

economic ornithology and, 135–140, 150

formation of, 132–133

model law to ban killing of birds, 138–139, 154, 160, 161

women in, 132–135, 164, 168

American Ornithology (Wilson), 47, 48–52, 56–57, 60–63, 83–84, 99

American Ornithology magazine, 198

American plover, 239

American redstart, 23

American robin, 28–29, 195

“American” swallow, 25

American tree sparrow, 135, 195–196, 307

American woodcock, 72

anhinga, 35

Apaché Indians, 7, 108, 113, 120

Arbor Day, 155

Aristotle, 29

Arizona

Agua Caliente Park (Tucson), 5

Charles Bendire in, 107–114

Chiracahua Mountains, 250, 291

Elliott Coues in, 119, 121

“Patagonia picnic-table effect,” 5

arsenic poisoning, 90, 91

Asian crested mynah, 129

Attu (Aleutian island), 259, 278–279

audio field guides, 235–239

Audubon, Harriet Bachman (granddaughter of John James), 106

Audubon, John James, 3, 8, 52–60, 63–74

assistants of, 65–68

background of, 53–54, 59

bird identification and, 72–73

Birds of America, 59, 64–66, 68–71, 76–77, 92–93, 96, 99–100, 102, 103

bird studies of, 52–53, 54–56, 58, 72–74

business with Rozier, 52, 53, 57, 60, 64

in Cincinnati, 64–65

death of, 102

in Europe, 66–68, 102

financial struggles of, 66–68, 96

journals of, 53 n

lost species and, 73–74, 76, 94

in Louisville, 52–53

in Mill Grove, Pennsylvania, 54–56, 59, 64, 77, 94

Minnie’s Land (home in New York), 92–93, 101–104

Missouri River expedition, 92–96, 98–101

in Natchez, 65, 68

new species and, 95, 96, 98

octavo editions, 93, 95, 102, 127

George Ord and, 62, 65–66, 69, 92, 96, 101–102

Ornithological Biography, 53 n, 56–57, 92–96, 99–100

paintings of birds, 22, 66–68, 103–104, 106, 106 n

science of ornithology and, 69–70

specimens and, 68–69, 76–77, 92, 100

tests of, 23, 24

vision problems, 101–102

The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America,

93–94, 101, 102

Alexander Wilson and, 52, 53, 56–60, 63–66, 76–77

Audubon, John Woodhouse (son of John James), 68–69, 101

Audubon, Lucy Bakewell (wife of John James), 53, 54

in Cincinnati, 64–65

death of, 104

death of husband, 102

in Europe, 68

Grinnell and, 102–106, 136, 153

home in New York, 92–93, 101

in Natchez, 65, 68

Audubon, Victor (son of John James), 93, 101, 102

Audubon Ark, The (Graham), 157

Audubon Field Notes, 176, 256

Audubonians, 143–144

Audubon magazine, 153, 154, 162, 233, 261, 287

Audubon Park (now Washington Heights), 101–103

Audubon Society. See also National Audubon Society

Audubon Magazine, 153, 154

founding of, 8, 105, 150, 152–154, 158, 160, 161–162

Audubon’s shearwater, 245

Audubon’s warbler, 96, 285–286

Auk, The, 132, 139–140, 160, 169, 205, 237, 283–284

auklets

crested, 274, 280

parakeet, 274, 280

whiskered, 274–276, 280–282

auks, 244, 300

automobile culture, growth after World War II, 232–233

B

Babcock, Charles, 155

Bachman, John, 93, 101

Bacinski, Pete, 222–223

Baicich, Paul, 302

Bailey, Florence Merriam, 118, 152, 162, 163

birding and, 159

bird walks and, 133

books of, 133–135, 194–195, 213–214, 284

Bailey, Vernon (husband of Florence), 134, 195, 213–214

Baillie Birdathon (Canada), 263

Baird, Spencer Fullerton

Audubon and, 99–101

life history information, 179

Martha Maxwell and, 123–124

at the National Museum of Natural History, 110–112, 115–117, 123–124, 130–131

specimen collectors and, 110–122

Baird, William, 99

Baird Ornithological Club, 230

Baird’s sandpiper, 117

Baird’s sparrow, 100–101, 260

Baker, J. A., 174

Baker, John, 2

bald eagle, 11, 24, 73, 80, 82, 88, 103, 266–267, 283

Baltimore oriole, 11, 71, 152, 286, 309

banding, 4, 56, 219, 252, 253, 256, 301, 302–307, 313–314

band-tailed pigeon, 85

barred owl, 180

Barton, Benjamin, 39, 81, 86

Bartram, John (father of Billy), 30–32, 77–78, 84

Bartram, William (Billy), 31–40, 84

background of, 30–33

Bartram’s Garden (Philadelphia), 30–32, 39–40, 77–78

book on Southern travels, 36–39, 75–76

business ventures of, 32–33

folk wisdom and, 70–71

lost species and, 74–76

new species and, 38–39

specimens and, 37–38

trek through the southeast U.S., 33–39

Alexander Wilson and, 40, 46–48, 49, 51, 60, 62

Bartram’s Garden (Philadelphia), 30–32, 39–40, 77–78

Batchelder, Charles, 128 n, 181

Bates, Mary Emily, 119

Beal, Foster, 135

Beazley, Mitchell, 223

Beck, Rollo, 248

Beecher, Henry Ward, 152

Bell, John, 94, 95, 98–101

Bellona Marsh (Los Angeles), 5

Bell’s vireo, 95–96, 98, 119–120

belted kingfisher, 55

Bender, Karl Emil. See Bendire, Charles

Bendire, Charles

background of, 109

at Camp Lowell (Arizona), 108

as curator at the Smithsonian, 179–181

in the U.S. Dragoons, 107–114

Benson, Maxine, 126–127

Bent, Arthur Cleveland, 138–139, 180–183, 233, 303

Beverly Hillbillies, The (TV program), 227–230

Bewick, Thomas, 96

Bewick’s wren, 96

Bicknell’s thrush, 181–182, 183

Big Day, 264, 283, 289, 291

Big Sit!, 288–289

Big Year, 256–257, 289–296

birdathons, 263–265

bird clubs, 176, 177–179, 242, 263

Birdcraft (Wright), 175

Bird Day, 155, 160

birding. See also field guides; lists

birds as objects of simple observation in, 134–135, 142

bird-watching versus, 284, 302

as citizen-science, 4, 177, 302–308

as competitive sport, 184–185, 205–206, 222–223, 256–258. See also lists

definition of birder, 6, 297

diversity of birders, 298–300

dress of birders, 2, 228–229

emergence of, 69–70

excise taxes and, 310–311

folk wisdom and, 70–71

good bird/bad bird judgments, 167–170, 172–175

growth of, 3, 4–6, 8, 105, 142, 159, 230–242, 268–269, 296–297

history of American, 6–7

ornithology versus, 3–4, 84, 281, 284, 312–314

predictions for, 269–272, 309–314

statistics on, 6

stereotypes concerning, 227–231, 284

teen birders, 3–4, 185–186, 200–202, 205, 206, 214, 231, 268, 270–271, 300

women in, 118, 122, 143, 155–159, 249, 288

after World War II, 231–242

before World War II, 231

birding festivals, 297, 298, 310

Birding magazine, 5, 210, 256–259, 262–264, 270, 291, 293, 294, 298, 302

Bird-Lore magazine, 133, 134, 148, 162–164, 172, 194, 261

Birds of America (Audubon), 59, 64–66, 68–71, 76–77, 92–93, 96, 99–100, 102, 103

cost of, 69

Birds of the Ocean (Alexander), 244–245

Birds of Village and Field (Florence Merriam Bailey), 134, 194

Birds Through an Opera-Glass (Florence Merriam Bailey), 133, 134–135, 194–195

Bird Studies Canada, 263, 307

Bird Watcher’s Digest (magazine), 258 n

Birdwatcher’s Digest, The (newsletter), 256, 257–258, 265

bird-watching, birding versus, 284, 302

bitterns, 72

black-and-white warbler, 56

black-backed gull, 214, 247

black-bellied storm-petrel, 246

black-billed magpie, 82

blackbirds, 149

red-winged, 136

blackburnian warbler, 152

black-capped petrel, 246

black duck, 147

black-eared bushtit, 286

Blackfoot, 8, 80, 98, 104

blackpoll warbler, 26, 72–73

black rail, 265

black skimmer, 15, 71

black-tailed gull, 5

black-throated green warbler, 55–56

black vulture, 75

Blom, Rick, 270

bluebirds, 168, 169

eastern, 129–130

blue goose, 286

blue grosbeak, 27, 28

blue jays, 27, 169

blue-winged teal, 27

boat-tailed grackle, 286

bobolink, 24–25, 136

bobwhites, 152

Bochan, Bonnie, 1–2

Bonaparte, Charles Lucien, 65

Bonta, Marcia, 163

Boone, Daniel, 98 n

Boone and Crockett Club, 150

Borror, Donald J., 237–238

Boston

Boston Society of Natural History, 138–139

Mount Auburn Cemetery, 5

Bouton, Jeff, 217–219

Boyle, Bill, 222–223

Bradford, Samuel, 48

Bradley, Guy, 160

Brady, Mathew, 95

Brand, Albert R., 236–237

Brandt, Irving, 171

breeding behavior, Gilbert White and, 30

breeding-bird studies, 177, 301, 308–309

Brewer, Thomas M., 129–130

Brewster, William, 127–128, 139, 157

Brickell, John, 20

Brisson, Mathurin-Jacques, 29–30

British Ornithologists’ Union, 132

Ibis, 132 n

Bronx County Bird Club, 185–186, 202, 205, 206, 214, 231, 270–271, 300

Brooks, Allan, 242

Broun, Maurice, 174–175, 201

brown-headed nuthatch, 147

brown noddy, 28

brown pelican, 11

Brownsville, Texas, landfill, 5

brown thrasher, 15, 58

buff-breasted sandpiper, 136

bufflehead, 147

Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de, 29–30

Bull, John, 214

Bullock’s oriole, 286

buntings

indigo, 36

lark, 89

lazuli, 85

painted, 19, 36

Townsend’s, 73–74

Burroughs, John, 136, 152, 162–163, 175, 203

burrowing owl, 76, 86

bushtits

black-eared, 286

common, 286

C

Cabeza de Vaca, ûlvar Nùnez, 9

Cable Sable sparrow, 286

cage birds, 162

California

Bellona Marsh (Los Angeles), 5

Farallon Islands (San Francisco), 249, 250–253

Golden Gate Audubon Society (San Francisco), 249

Kings Canyon National Park, 172

Monterey Bay, 248–251, 283

Museum of Paleontology (Berkeley), 240–241

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (Berkeley), 240–243, 248

pelagic seabirds and, 243–245, 248–256

Point Reyes Bird Observatory, 5, 219–220, 251, 252–255

PRBO Conservation Science, 254

Salton Sea, 251

San Miguel Island, 242–243

Santa Cruz Island, 276

Tijuana River valley, 251

Yosemite National Park, 172

California condor, 82, 92, 138, 219

Canada

Baillie Birdathon, 263

Bird Studies Canada, 263, 307

Canadian Maritimes, 9

Long Point Bird Observatory (Lake Erie), 252, 253

Migratory Bird Treaty Act (1918), 161

Vikings and, 9

Canada geese, 27, 77, 147–148

Canterbury, Dan, 287 n

Cantwell, Robert, 45, 60–62

canvasback, 147

Cape May (New Jersey), 4–5, 218–219

Cape May Bird Observatory (New Jersey), 221, 253, 255, 263–265

Cape May warbler, 61, 73, 96, 183–184, 255

Cape Sable sparrow, 286

Cape Verde shearwater, 246

caracaras

crested, 76

Guadalupe, 248

cardinals, 146, 177, 309

Carolina parakeet, 13, 15, 23–24, 36, 52, 76, 94, 139

Carolina wren, 192–193, 194

Carson, Rachel, 3

Carter, Jimmy, 209

Caspian tern, 79–80

Cassin, John, 91–92, 114, 116, 126

catbirds, 36, 78

Catesby, Mark, 8–9, 13, 17–29, 30

background of, 17–18

books on birds, 19–27, 29, 36, 40, 46–47

continental drift theory and, 25–27

influence of Lawson on, 18–20, 23–24

lost species and, 74

migratory birds and, 24–26

naming of birds, 27–29, 130

paintings of birds, 19–27

science of ornithology and, 69–70

specimens and, 18–19, 22, 90

cave swallow, 291

CBC. See Christmas Bird Counts (CBCs) cell phones, 269

Centennial Exposition (1876), 123–124, 125

Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 306

Central Park (New York City), 5, 171, 184, 189, 233

chachalacas, 4, 237

Chapman, Frank M., 139, 148–149, 152, 159, 162–164, 176, 183, 193–200, 203, 270

field guides of, 194–195, 196–200, 203, 207, 211

chat, yellow-breasted, 19, 137

Cherokee, 33

Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel islands, 5

chestnut-collared longspur, 89, 259

Cheyenne, 104

chickadees, 228

mountain, 97

Chihuahuan ravens, 5

Child of the Water, 7

chimney swift, 25, 168

Chiricahua Apache, 7

Chiricahua Mountains (Arizona), 250, 291

Christmas Bird Counts (CBCs), 6, 145–150, 176, 178–179, 213, 277, 281, 283–285, 297, 308

chumming the water, 245

Churchill, Sylvester, 110–112

Citizen Bird (Wright and Coues), 164–166

citizen-science, 4, 177

banding studies and, 302–307, 313–314

feeder studies, 307

migration counts, 307–308

project for urban birders, 308

Civil War, 110, 112, 130

Clark, Charlie, 258

Clark, Olga, 258

Clark’s nutcracker, 83

Collinson, Peter, 19, 30–33

Colorado, Rocky Mountain Museum, 123–124

Color Key to North American Birds (Chapman), 196–199, 211

common bushtit, 286

common poorwill, 82–83, 101

common redpoll, 307

Comstock, Anna Botsford, 163

condors, California, 82, 92, 138, 219

Connecticut, Audubon Society, 164

conservation, 104, 105, 300. See also Audubon Society; National Audubon Society; specimens and collectors

American Birding Association and, 258–259, 262–263

Coues and, 158, 162

federal wildlife reserves, 155

Grinnell as father of, 104, 149–155

listing versus, 263, 310

millinery industry and, 136–137, 148–161

predictions for, 310–314

state actions in, 160

taxes and, 310–311

wardens for bird-nesting islands, 160

World Series of Birding and, 222–223, 263–268, 271

continental drift theory, 25–27

Cooper’s hawk, 167, 228–229

cordilleran flycatcher, 239

cormorant, great, 291

Cornell Laboratory of Natural Sounds, 221

Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 2, 183 n, 221, 235–237, 267–268, 307, 308

Corps of Discovery, 79–84

Cory, Charles B., 143–144, 161

Coues, Elliott, 116–122, 203

background of, 116–117

birders and, 118

books on birds, 121, 164–166, 192–194

Century Dictionary and, 121–122

checklists of, 130–132

conservation movement and, 158, 162

journal editing, 118

Martha Maxwell and, 124–127

personal life, 118–119, 121

in the southwestern U.S., 117, 119–122

“Sparrow Wars” and, 129–130

specimens and, 117–121, 122, 142–143

and the U.S. Geological Survey, 121

women’s rights and, 118–119

country lists, 256

counts. See also lists

birdathons, 263–265

Christmas Bird Counts (CBCs), 6, 145–150, 176, 178–179, 213, 277, 281, 283–285, 297, 308

hawk, 218–219, 221, 264

World Series of Birding, 222–223, 263–268, 271

cowbird, 169, 189

cranes, 10, 13, 307

whooping, 27, 34, 58, 64, 89

Cranmer, Thomas, 12 n

creation stories, 7

crested auklet, 274, 280

crested caracara, 76

“cropped” vultures, 75–76

crossbill, red, 103, 239, 286

crows, 7, 167, 308

Tamaulipan, 5

Cruickshank, Allan, 3, 214

Cruickshank, Helen, 214

cryptic species, 238–239

cuckoos, 70, 212

Culbertson, Alexander, 98–99

curassow, great, 254, 254 n

curlews

Eskimo, 136

Far Eastern, 280, 281

Custer, George A., 104

Cuvier, Georges, 66

D

Dare, Virginia, 11

dark-eyed junco, 286

Dartt, Martha Ann. See Maxwell, Martha Dartt

Dartt, Mary, 127

David, Jacques-Louis, 59

death omens, 70–71

Delaware Valley Ornithological Club, 176

descriptive ornithology, 254–255

Devoe, Alan, 199–200, 210

diademed sandpiper-plover, 288

dickcissel, 73–74

Distribution of the Birds of California (Grinnell and Miller), 243

DNA analysis, 131 n, 286, 306

Doubleday, 198

Drennan, Susan Roney, 255

Drury, William, 247

ducks, 54

black, 147

blue-winged teal, 27

gadwalls, 73, 204

green-winged teal, 204, 286

hunting, 170

identifying, 184

mallards, 23, 73, 147

mergansers, 71, 147

“red-eyed,” 8

whistling-, 4

wood, 14, 35

Ducks Unlimited, 311

Duncan, William, 43

Dunne, Pete, 210, 222–223, 255, 263–265, 266

dusky seaside sparrow, 286

Dutcher, William, 160–162, 166

E

eagles, 19, 138, 172

bald, 11, 24, 73, 80, 82, 103, 266–267, 283

golden, 7, 103–104, 106 n, 174–175

Earl of Derby, 103

Easterla, David, 258

eastern bluebird, 129–130

Eastern Egg Rock (Maine), 3

eastern kingbird, 19, 166

eastern meadowlark, 265

eastern phoebe, 56, 70, 178

eastern towhee, 11

eastern warbler, 251

East India Company, 27

Eckelberry, Don, 212, 214, 219

Eckstorm, Fannie Hardy, 163–164

ecology, 241–243

economic ornithology, 135–140, 150

Edge, Rosalie Barrow, 170–175

Edwards, George, 46–47

eggs (oology), 112–115, 136–138, 179–181, 248

egrets, 23

millinery trade and, 150–152, 156–159

Ehrlich, Paul, 209–210

electronic field guides, 270

Elements of Botany (Barton), 39

Emanuel, Victor, 254 n

Emergency Conservation Committee (ECC), 171–174

Emerson, Guy, 289

England. See Great Britain English sparrow, 129–130, 168

environmental movement, 209–210, 257

Eskimo curlew, 136

Eurasian spotted redshank, 291

Eurasian tree sparrow, 128–129

European goldcrest, 25–26

European starling, 129

evolutionary biology, 241–243

extinction, 73–76, 94, 136, 139–140, 151

F

falcons, 13, 172

peregrine, 4–5, 58, 94, 138

Farallon Islands (San Francisco), 249, 250–253

Far Eastern curlew, 280, 281

Farrand, John, Jr., 214, 215

far-sketches, 204–205, 208

Fea’s petrel, 246

feathers for hats, 136–137, 148–161

Feduccia, Alan, 20

feeders, 307

Fenimore Pass (Aleutian Islands), 274, 280

field glasses. See optics field guides, 6, 175–179, 187–226

art versus photography in, 213–215, 295–296

audio, 235–239

of the Baileys, 133, 135, 213–214

of Chapman, 194–195, 196–200, 203, 207, 211

diversity of, 187–190, 208

electronic, 270

European approach to, 216–217, 223–224

Golden Field Guide series, 211–213

of Hoffman, 195–196, 242–243

of Kaufman, 294–296, 298–300

keys to, 195–199, 211

of Lane, 234–235

National Audubon, 212, 214–215, 225, 235

National Geographic Society, 215–216, 261

of Nuttall, 86, 191–192, 193

origins of, 86, 133–135, 190–200

of Peterson, 190–191, 206–212, 215, 217–218, 225, 231, 235, 238, 242, 244, 245–246, 283, 294

of Pettingill, 234

pocket, 214

of Reed, 197–200, 202, 210

regional, 234–235

of Sibley, 220–221, 223–226, 230, 275–276, 294, 295

Spanish-language, 298–300

specialty, 216–217

Field Guide to the Birds, A (Peterson), 190–191

field identification, 141–143, 177–179, 183–186, 282. See also field guides field marks, 184, 207, 211, 214, 217, 223, 282, 296

field sparrow, 46 n, 117

finches

house, 307

Oriental greenfinch, 279

purple, 27, 130–131, 265

rosy-, 3, 279

tropical, 128

Fisher, James, 289–290

flickers, 71, 152, 195, 285–286

northern, 202, 286

red-shafted, 286

yellow-shafted, 286

flight drawings, 225

Florida

Audubon Society chapter, 256

legal protection for birds, 160

flycatchers, 64, 71, 73, 99

alder, 238, 239, 259, 286

cordilleran, 239

gray-spotted, 278

great crested, 58

Hammond’s, 116

little, 238–239

narcissus, 279

Pacific-slope, 239

Traill’s, 238–239, 286

western, 239

willow, 239, 259, 286

Forbush, Edward H., 163, 198

Forest and Stream magazine, 104, 136, 149–150, 152, 153–154

Fothergill, John, 33, 37

fox sparrow, 141

France

French Royal Academy of Sciences, 66

in the New World, 9–10

Franklin, Benjamin, 30, 32

FrogWatch USA, 308

Fuertes, Louis Agassiz, 118, 202, 219

Fuertes red-tailed hawk, 140

G

Gabrielson, Ira, 248

gadfly petrel, 246

gadwalls, 73, 204

Gambel, William, 97–98

Gambel’s quail, 97

game birds, 54, 128, 135–137

gannets, 69

geese, 54, 70, 171

blue, 286

Canada, 27, 77, 147–148

greater white-fronted, 82–83

snow, 23

genetics, 4, 131 n, 239, 286, 306

George III, King, 31, 32

George IV, King, 103

Georgia, Altamaha River, 34–35

Gibbons, Felton, 167

Glacier National Park, 104

glass bird cages, 137

goatsuckers, 70–71

goldcrest, European, 25–26

golden-crowned kinglet, 25–26, 73

golden eagle, 7, 103–104, 106 n, 174–175

goldeneye, 147, 204

Golden Field Guide series, 211–213

Golden Gate Audubon Society (San Francisco), 249

goldfinch, lesser, 85

Gold Rush (1849), 97, 101–102

good bird/bad bird judgments, 167–170, 172–175

goshawk, 167, 172

Grace’s warbler, 119

Graenlendinga Saga, 9

Graham, Frank, Jr., 157, 171–172

Grant, P. J., 216

Grant, Ulysses S., 107, 108

gray-spotted flycatcher, 278

great blue heron, 23

Great Britain

British Ornithologists’ Union, 132

Migratory Bird Treaty Act (1918), 161

in the New World, 10–28

Royal Society, 20

great cormorant, 291

great crested flycatcher, 58

great curassow, 254 n

greater prairie-chicken, 21

greater sage-grouse, 82, 89–90

greater white-fronted geese, 82–83

greater yellowlegs, 291

great horned owl, 23, 167, 182, 229–230

Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (New Jersey), 266

great-tailed grackle, 286

Great Texas Birding Classic, 268

Great Texas Coastal Birding Trail, 268

great white heron, 286

great-winged petrel, 249

grebes

horned, 8

western, 259

greenshank, 278

green-winged teal, 204, 286

Grinnell, George Bird, 239–240

American Ornithologists’ Union and, 136, 161–162

Lucy Audubon and, 102–106, 136, 153

death of, 104

as father of American conservation, 104, 149–155

Forest and Stream magazine and, 104, 136, 149–150, 152, 153–154

founding of Audubon Society, 8, 105, 150, 152–154, 158, 160, 161–162

Grinnell, Hilda Wood (wife of Joseph), 241–242

Grinnell, Joseph

background of, 239–240

book on California birds, 243, 250, 251

ecology and, 241–243

at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (California), 241–243

Griscom, Ludlow, 183–186, 202, 205–207, 222, 245, 270, 284–287, 289, 301

grosbeak

blue, 27, 28

rose-breasted, 166

grouse, 54

greater-sage, 82, 89–90

Gunnison’s sage-, 275–276

ruffed, 70, 237, 265

sharp-tailed, 259

sooty, 85

Guadalupe caracara, 248

Guadalupe Island, 248

“Guerrilla Birding Team,” 223, 264

Guide to the Birds of New England and Eastern New York, A (Hoffman), 195–196

Gulf Stream, 246

gulls, 152, 270, 308

black-backed, 247

black-tailed, 5

Heermann’s, 114

herring, 1, 286

identifying, 206

laughing, 27

ring-billed, 77

Thayer’s, 286

Gunnison’s sage-grouse, 275–276

gyrfalcon, 291

H

hairy woodpecker, 27

Hall, Minna B., 157

Hamerstrom, Fran, 309

Hammerstrom, Carl, 202

Hammond, William, 115–116

Hammond’s flycatcher, 116

Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America (Chapman), 194, 203

Handbook of Birds of the Western United States (Bailey and Bailey), 195, 196, 213–214

Handbook of Birds of the World, 190

Harlan, Richard, 96, 141 n

Harlan’s hawk, 96, 140–141, 286

Harper’s Bazaar, 154–155, 156

Harriot, Thomas, 13

Harrison, Peter, 216, 245

Harrison, William Henry, 155

Harris’s sparrow, 95

Harvard, Museum of Comparative Zoology, 183

hat making, 136–137, 148–161

Hawk and Owl Society, 172–173

Hawk Mountain Sanctuary (Pennsylvania), 172–175, 201, 212, 230, 232, 234, 264, 269, 283

hawks, 152, 169, 205

Cooper’s, 167, 228–229

counting, 218–219, 221, 264

goshawk, 167, 172

Harlan’s, 96, 140–141, 286

Kittatinny Ridge, 172–175

red-shouldered, 58

red-tailed, 140–141

sharp-shinned, 167

short-tailed, 76

zone-tailed, 108–109, 112–113

Hayman, Peter, 216

heath hens, 21, 64

Heermann, Adolphus, 114–115

Heermann’s gull, 114

Hemenway, Augustus, Jr. (husband of Harriet), 155–156

Hemenway, Harriet Lawrence, 155–159, 160, 170, 181

Henslow, John S., 96

Henslow’s sparrow, 96

Herald petrel, 246

hermit thrush, 36, 237

herons, 23, 72, 307

great blue, 23

great white, 286

millinery trade and, 150–152, 156–159

yellow-crowned night-herons, 22

herring gull, 1, 286

Hickey, Joseph, 231, 300–302, 305

Higginson, Francis, 12–13

Hoffmann, Ralph, 195–196, 242–243

Hog Island Audubon camp (Maine), 1–3, 4

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 152

hooded warbler, 23

Hopi, 8

Hornbeck, Blanche, 200–202

horned grebe, 8

Houghton Mifflin, 206

house finch, 307

house (English) sparrow, 129–130

house wren, 168–169

hummingbirds, 212, 230, 307

ruby-throated, 4, 15–16

Xantus’s, 115

hybrid birds, 285–286

I

Ibis, 132 n

ibis

scarlet, 74

white, 34–35

indigo bunting, 36

Ipswich sparrow, 286

ivory-billed woodpecker, 19, 28–29, 52 n, 76, 139–140, 166, 236

J

Jackson, Andrew, 69

jaegers

parasitic, 247

pomarine, 247

Jaques, Francis Lee, 202, 300–301

jays

blue, 27, 169

scrub-, 76, 276

Jean Ellen duPont Shehan Audubon Sanctuary (Maryland), 145–148

Jefferson, Thomas, 15, 39, 48, 50, 81–82

Jewett, Sarah Orne, 157

Jonsson, Lars, 216–219, 223–224

juncos, 1, 69–70, 146

dark-eyed, 286

Oregon, 210

Junior Audubon program, 170, 200–202

K

Kaufman, Kenn, 3, 290–296

Big Year, 290–294

books on birds, 291, 294–295

field guides of, 294–296, 298–300

as respected birder, 293–296, 298–300

Spanish-language field guides, 298–300

Keith, Anthony, 290

Keith, Stuart, 256–258, 260, 287, 290, 291

Kellogg, Louise, 240–241

Kellogg, Peter Paul, 235–236

kestrel, American, 168

Key to North American Birds (Coues), 121, 192–194

Kincaid, Edgar, 254 n

kingbirds

eastern, 19, 166

western, 85

kingfishers, 167

belted, 55

kinglets, 71

golden-crowned, 25–26, 73

ruby-crowned, 73

king rail, 266

Kings Canyon National Park (California), 172

king vulture, 74–75, 76

Kipling, Rudyard, 203

kites

Mississippi, 57 n

snail, 76

swallow-tailed, 75

Kittatinny Ridge (Pennsylvania), 172–175

Knopf, 214–215

Kress, Steve, 3

L

Lacey Act (1900), 161

Lake Erie

Long Point Bird Observatory (Canada), 252, 253

Point Pelee, 5

Lakota, 7

Lane, Jim, 234–235

lark bunting, 89

lark sparrow, 80, 85

laughing gull, 27

Lawrence, Samuel, 155

Lawson, Alexander, 47–48, 65, 91

Lawson, Helen, 91

Lawson, John

book on birds, 13–17, 20

influence of, 18–20, 23–24

Lawson, Malvina, 62

lazuli bunting, 85

least tern, 82–83

LeConte’s sparrow, 95–96, 259

Lehman, George, 67, 68

Le Moyne, Jacques, 9–10

Leopold, Aldo, 300, 305

Leslie, Charles Robert, 45–46

lesser goldfinch, 85

Lewis, Graceanna, 91–92, 126

Lewis, Meriweather, 81–83, 95

Lewis and Clark trail, 79–84, 86, 89

Lewis’s woodpecker, 83

Libby, Mark, 246–247

life birds, 2

life histories of birds, 23, 141, 163, 179, 181–183, 300–302, 303

life lists, 132, 211–212, 256, 257, 277–279, 285, 286–289, 293

Limberlost books, 163, 166–167

limpkin, 34

Lincoln’s sparrow, 69

Linnaean Society, 183, 185–186

Linnaeus, Carolus, 28–29, 30, 31, 130

Linné, Carl von. See Linnaeus, Carolus

lists, 271–272, 277–294. See also counts

Big Day, 264, 283, 289, 291

Big Year, 256–257, 289–296

Christmas Bird Counts (CBCs), 6, 145–150, 176, 178–179, 213, 277, 281, 283–285, 297, 308

conservation versus, 263, 310

country, 256

Great Texas Birding Classic, 268

life lists, 132, 211–212, 256, 257, 277–279, 285, 286–289, 293

North American, 285

state, 256

Superbowl of Birding, 268

trip lists, 288–293

World Series of Birding, 222–223, 263–268, 271

Little Bighorn debacle, 104

little flycatcher, 238–239

Long, Stephen, 84–86

Long Point Bird Observatory (Lake Erie), 252, 253

longspurs

chestnut-collared, 89, 259

McCown’s, 82–83, 259

Lord’s Day Alliance, 172–173

Los Angeles, Bellona Marsh, 5

lost species, 73–76, 94, 136, 139–140

Louisiana, Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary, 170–171

Louisiana Purchase, 39, 82

“Louisiana” tanager, 83

Lucy’s warbler, 213

M

magpies, 83, 307–308

black-billed, 82

yellow-billed, 307–308

Maine, 246–247

Eastern Egg Rock, 3

Hog Island Audubon camp, 1–3, 4

Monhegan Island, 247

Mount Desert Island, 163

mallards, 23, 73, 147

Manomet Bird Observatory (Massachusetts), 253

Manomet Conservation Science (Massachusetts), 253

Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and Canada (Nuttall), 86, 191–192, 193

Manx shearwater, 245–246, 247

Marchant, John, 216

market hunting

for game birds, 135–137

for millinery industry, 136–137, 148–161

Marsh, O. C., 104

marsh wren, 137, 239–240, 265

martins, 25

Maryland

Jean Ellen duPont Shehan Audubon Sanctuary, 145–148

Tilghman Island, 145–148

Mason, Joseph, 65, 66

Massachusetts

Audubon Society chapter, 157–158, 181, 206

Boston Society of Natural History, 138–139

Manomet Bird Observatory/Manomet Conservation Science, 253

Mount Auburn Cemetery (Boston), 5

Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard), 183

New World exploration and, 12

Superbowl of Birding, 268

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 127

match hunts, 148–149

Maxwell, James (husband of Martha), 122–123

Maxwell, Martha Dartt, 122–127, 130

background of, 122–123

Elliott Coues and, 124–127

taxidermy and, 123–127

Maxwell’s owl (eastern screech-owl), 124, 130

McCaskie, Guy, 249–251, 254–255, 258

McClellan, George B., 112

McCown’s longspur, 82–83, 259

Mckenzie, Owen, 99

McLeod, Columbus, 160

meadowlarks

eastern, 265

western, 83, 95

mergansers, 71, 147

merlins, 4–5, 13

Merriam, C. Hart, 133–134, 139

Merriam, Florence. See Bailey, Florence Merriam

Mewaldt, Dick, 252

Mexico, Yucatan Bird Festival, 297

Michigan, Whitefish Point, 5

migrant traps, 251

migratory birds

Audubon and, 63–64

banding of, 302–307, 313–314

Bartram and, 37

Catesby and, 24–26

migration counts, 307–308

protection for, 161

Gilbert White and, 30

Migratory Bird Treaty Act (1918), 161

Miller, Alden, 243

Miller, Oliver Thorne, 162

Mill Grove (Pennsylvania), 54–56, 59, 64, 77, 94, 106

millinery industry, 136–137, 148–161

Minnie’s Land (Audubon home in New York City), 92–93, 101–104

Mississippi kite, 57n

Mitchell Lake (Texas), 5

mockingbirds, 15, 34

northern, 213

Monhegan Island (Maine), 247

Monterey Bay, 248–251, 283

moral symbols, birds as, 166–167

mountain chickadee, 97

Mount Auburn Cemetery (Boston), 5

Moyer, Sarah, 106n Murdoch, Floyd, 292–293

Murphy, Robert Cushman, 243, 245

murrelet, Xantus’s, 115

murres, 117

Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard), 183

Museum of Paleontology (California), 240–241

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (California), 240–243, 248

muskrat trapping, 170

mynah, Asian crested, 129

myrtle warbler, 285–286

N

naming of birds

Catesby and, 27–29, 130

Coues and, 130–132

folk names in, 71–73

Linneaus and, 28–29, 130

nicknames of ornithologists and, 254n

Old and New World, 71

personal names in, 29, 95–98, 140–141

place names in, 96

narcissus flycatcher, 279

Nashville warbler, 239

Natchez Trace, 83n

National Audubon Society, 105, 156, 312

American Birds (journal), 262, 294

annual convention, 260

Audubon Field Notes, 176, 256

Austin Audubon (Texas), 257

Connecticut chapter, 164

critics of, 170–175

Emergency Conservation Committee versus, 171–172

field guides, 212, 214–215, 225, 235

Florida chapter, 256

formation of, 159–170

Golden Gate (California), 249

Hog Island Audubon camp (Maine), 1–3, 4

Junior Audubon program, 170, 200–202

Massachusetts chapter, 157–158, 181, 206

Mill Grove (Pennsylvania), 54–56, 59, 64, 77, 94, 106

Mitchell Lake (San Antonio) center, 5

New Jersey chapter, 222, 253, 265

New York chapter, 198

National Geographic Society, 215–216, 261

National Museum of Natural History, 110–112, 114, 117, 123–124, 127

naming of birds, 130–131

specimen collectors, 110–122

National Survey on Recreation and the Environment, 299–300

national wildlife refuge system, 155

Native Americans

as first field ornithologists, 7, 16–17

George Grinnell and, 104

Indian wars and, 107–108, 113, 120

Lewis and Clark expedition and, 80–81, 83–84

of the southeast, 33

stories and myths of, 7–8

Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, The (G. White), 30

Natural History of Birds, A (Lewis), 92

Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands (Catesby), 19–27, 29, 36, 40

Natural History of North-Carolina (Brickell), 20

Natural History of Uncommon Birds, A (Edwards), 46–47

Nature Conservancy, 173, 212, 306

Nature Conservancy magazine, 276

nature-faking, 162–163, 175, 203

Navajo, 108

Nebraska Birding Trail, 5

Ned Smith Center for Nature and Art (Pennsylvania), 302–305

netting, 252

Newfoundland, 9

New Guinea, 248

New Jersey

Audubon Society chapter, 222, 253, 265

Cape May, 4–5, 218–219

Cape May Bird Observatory, 221, 253, 255, 263–265

Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, 266

Pine Barrens, 264, 267

Sandy Hook Bird Observatory, 267–268

World Series of Birding, 222–223, 263–268, 271

New Voyage to Carolina, A (Lawson), 13–17, 20

New World

English exploration of, 10–28

French exploration of, 9–10

naming birds in, 71

Native American ornithology, 7–8, 16–17

Spanish exploration of, 9, 11

New York Audubon Society, 198

New York City

American Museum of Natural History, 103, 132, 148–149, 171, 183, 185–186, 233, 243, 248, 256

Audubon Park (now Washington Heights), 101–103

Big Year lists, 289

Bronx County Bird Club, 185–186, 202, 205, 206, 214, 231, 270–271, 300

Central Park, 5, 171, 184, 189, 233

Minnie’s Land (Audubon home), 92–93, 101–104

New-York Historical Society, 102

New York Zoological Society, 150

nighthawk, 8, 307

common, 8

nightingale, 128

nightjars, 265–266

Noah’s Ark, 26–27

North American Birds (journal), 262

North American Breeding Bird Survey, 212

North Carolina

New World exploration and, 10–11

Roanoke, 10–11

North Dakota, ABA conference in Kenmare, 259–260, 291, 292

northern flicker, 202, 286

northern mockingbird, 213

northern oriole, 286

northern shrike, 129

nuthatch

brown-headed, 147

white-breasted, 256

Nuttall, Thomas

Gambel and, 97

Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and Canada, 86, 191–192, 193

Townsend and, 87–90, 92

Wyeth expedition to Oregon and, 86–88, 127, 191

Nuttall Ornithological Club, 127–132, 136, 139, 157, 176, 181, 206, 247

Nuttall’s oak titmouse, 97

Nuttall’s whip-poor-will, 101

Nuttall’s woodpecker, 97

Nuttall’s wrentit, 97

O

Ohio State University, Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics, 237–238

Old Man, 8

Old Spanish Trail, 97

Olympic National Monument (Washington), 172

On the Plains (Dartt), 127

oology, 112–115, 136–138, 179–181, 248

“opera-glass fiends,” 118, 143, 177

optics, 140, 179, 218, 232, 269

orange-breasted thrush, 71

Ord, George, 36, 84

Academy of Natural Sciences and, 63, 65

Audubon and, 62, 65–66, 69, 92, 96, 101–102

Wilson and, 60–63, 65, 77

Oregon, Sauvie Island (Portland), 5

Oregon junco, 210

Oriental greenfinch, 279

orioles, 64, 285–286

Baltimore, 11, 71, 152, 286, 309

Bullock’s, 286

northern, 286

Ornithological Biography (Audubon), 53n, 56–57, 92–96, 99–100

Ornithologist and Oologist, 138

ornithology. See also citizen-science

birding versus, 3–4, 84, 281, 284, 312–314

descriptive, 254–255

economic, 135–140, 150

eggs (oology) and, 112–115, 136–138, 179–181, 248

federal legislation protecting wild birds, 135

history of American, 8–10

life histories of birds, 23, 141, 163, 179, 181–183, 300–302, 303

myths concerning, 176–186

naming of birds in. See naming of birds new species and, 38–39, 50–51, 83–84, 95–97

nicknames of ornithologists, 254 n

official inventory of North American birds, 131–132

as profession, 127–144

sounds of birds in, 36, 211, 221, 235–239, 259, 269, 286, 299

“Sparrow Wars,” 128–130

specimen collectors. See specimens and collectors

U.S. Army Medical Corps and, 83–84, 114–115, 117–121

women in, 118, 122–127, 132–135, 164, 168

Osprey, The, 162

ospreys, 24, 70, 138

outdoor recreation, 6

owls, 4, 90, 169, 205, 212, 265–266, 307

barred, 180

burrowing, 76, 86

great horned, 23, 167, 182, 229–230

Maxwell’s owl (eastern screech-owl), 124, 130

saw-whet, 152, 302–307, 313–314

screech, 70, 124, 130, 168

P

Pacific golden-plover, 239

Pacific-slope flycatcher, 239

Pagago, 108

painted bunting, 19, 36

“painted” vultures, 75–76

parakeet auklet, 274, 280

parakeets, Carolina, 13, 15, 23–24, 36, 52, 76, 94, 139

parasitic jaeger, 247

Parker, Ted, 290, 290n, 291–292

partridges, 13

passenger pigeon, 12–13, 51, 57n, 63–64, 94, 103, 136

passerines, 212

“Patagonia picnic-table effect,” 5

Pawnee, 104

Peale, Charles Willson, 84, 85–86

Peale, Titian, 84–86

Pearson, T. Gilbert, 166, 169–171, 175

pelagic seabirds, 243–256

Aleutian Island, 273–281

chumming the water and, 245

East Coast, 245–247

West Coast, 243–245, 247, 248–256

pelicans

brown, 11

white, 80, 89

Penn, William, 13

Pennsylvania

banding studies, 302–307, 313–314

Bartram’s Garden (Philadelphia), 30–32, 39–40, 77–78

Centennial Exposition (1876), 123–124, 125

Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, 172–175, 201, 212, 230, 232, 234, 264, 269, 283

Mill Grove, 54–56, 59, 64, 77, 94, 106

Ned Smith Center for Nature and Art, 302–305

Percy, George, 11–12

peregrine falcon, 4–5, 58, 94, 138

Peterson, Roger Tory, 73, 170, 186, 245, 254n, 281, 289

American Birding Association and, 260, 291, 292

in the Army Corps of Engineers, 231

Big Year, 256–257

death of, 209

field guides of, 190–191, 206–212, 215, 217–218, 225, 231, 235, 238, 242, 244, 245–246, 283, 294

Hog Island Audubon camp (Maine) and, 2–3

Peterson Identification System, 207–210, 211, 231

reinvention of field guide, 190–191, 200–212, 215, 217, 225

Sibley and, 220

trip lists, 289–290

World Series of Birding and, 222–223, 265

petrels

black-capped, 246

Fea’s, 246

gadfly, 246

great-winged, 249

Herald, 246

storm, 60, 63, 245, 246

Pettingill, Olin Sewall, Jr., 2, 234

phalarope, Wilson’s, 63

pheasants, 103, 135–136

Philadelphia vireos, 96

phoebe, eastern, 70, 178

photography, 163, 213–215, 220, 234, 269, 295–296

pigeons, 308

band-tailed, 85

passenger, 12–13, 51, 57n, 63–64, 94, 103, 136

white-crowned, 58

wild, 15

Pike, Zebulon, 39, 85

pileated woodpecker, 67, 68

Pincelli, Tom, 298

pine warbler, 1

pipits, 95

red-throated, 251

Sprague’s, 95–96, 259

Pliny, 29

plovers, 286

American golden-, 239

diademed sandpiper-, 288

Pacific golden-, 239

Wilson’s, 63

plume trade, 136–137, 148–161

pocket field guides, 214

Point Pelee (Lake Erie), 5

Point Reyes Bird Observatory (California), 5, 219–220, 251, 252–255

pomarine jaeger, 247

poorwill, 8, 82–83

Pough, Richard, 172–174, 212, 235

prairie-chickens, 21, 292

Prater, Tony, 216

PRBO Conservation Science (California), 5, 219–220, 251, 252–255

Project Feeder-Watch, 307

puffins, 3, 69, 117, 274

purple finch, 27, 130–131, 265

Q

quail, 135–136

Gambel’s, 97

R

Rabine, Jean. See Audubon, John James

radar studies, 26

radiotelemetry, 4, 306

rails, 265–266

black, 265

king, 266

Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary (Louisiana), 170–171

Ralph, C. J., 251, 252

Ralph, William, 180

range information, 207, 211

ravens, 7

Chihuahuan, 5

red-bellied woodpecker, 147, 307

red crossbill, 103, 239, 286

“red-eyed” duck, 8

red-eyed vireo, 56

red-headed woodpecker, 27, 45

red knot, 136

redpoll, common, 307

red-shafted flicker, 286

redshank, Eurasian spotted, 291

red-shouldered hawk, 58

redstart, American, 23

red-tailed hawk, 140–141

red-throated pipit, 251

red-winged blackbird, 136

Reed, Charles K., 198, 200

Reed, Chester A., 197–200, 202, 210

Reeves, L. P., 160

Reid, Martin, 298

Ridgway, Robert, 124, 130–132, 135, 139

ring-billed gulls, 77

Rio Grande Birding Festival (Texas), 298

“Roaring Forties,” 249

Robbins, Chandler S., 212–213, 269, 308

robins, 71, 136

American, 28–29, 195

Robinson, Debi, 249

Rock Creek Park (Washington, D.C.), 5

rock wren, 5

Rocky Mountain Museum, 123–124

Roosevelt, Theodore, 128, 150, 155, 162–163, 203

rose-breasted grosbeak, 166

rosy-finches, 3

gray-crowned, 279

Royal Institution (Edinburgh), Audubon paintings at, 66

Rozier, Ferdinand, 52, 53, 57, 60, 64

ruby-crowned kinglet, 73

ruby-throated hummingbird, 4, 15–16

ruddy turnstone, 72, 136

ruffed grouse, 70, 237, 265

Rush, Benjamin, 81–82

S

Saab, 264

Salton Sea (California), 251

sanderlings, 15

Sandhill Crane Festival (Alaska), 297

sandpipers, 278

Baird’s, 117

buff-breasted, 136

diademed sandpiper-plover, 288

upland, 265

Sandy Hook Bird Observatory (New Jersey), 267–268

San Francisco

Farallon Islands, 249, 250–253

Golden Gate Audubon Society, 249

San Miguel Island (California), 242–243

Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge (Texas), 4

Santa Cruz Island (California), 276

Santa Fe Trail, 97

sapsucker, yellow-bellied, 208–209

Sargent, John Singer, 156

Sauvie Island (Oregon), 5

saw-whet owl, 152, 302–307, 313–314

Say, Lucy (wife of Thomas), 91

Say, Thomas, 84–86, 91

scarlet ibis, 74

scarlet tanager, 152

scaup, 147, 266

screech-owl, 70, 124, 130, 168

scrub-jay, 76, 276

seabirds. See pelagic seabirds

Seminole, 33

Seton, Ernest Thompson, 162, 175, 202–205

700 Club, 287

sewage lagoons, 5

Shalaway, Scott, 310–311

Sharp, William, 44–45

sharp-shinned hawk, 167

sharp-tailed grouse, 259

Shaw, George, 29

Shearwater, Debra Love, 249

Shearwater Journeys, 249

shearwaters

Audubon’s, 245

Cape Verde, 246

Manx, 245–246, 247

Shemya (Aleutian Islands), 276

Sherman, Althea, 167–169

short-tailed hawk, 76

shrike, northern, 129

Sibley, David Allen, 219–226

field guides of, 220–221, 223–226, 230, 275–276, 294, 295

seabirds of the Aleutian Islands, 273–281

World Series of Birding and, 265

side hunts, 148–149

sight records, 177–179, 183–186, 284

Silva, Héctor Gómez de, 299

Singer, Arthur, 213, 219

600 Club, 287

skimmer, black, 15, 71

skylarks, 128–129

Small, Arnold, 258

Smart, Bob, 258, 289

smew, 278

Smith, Macklin, 287, 287 n

Smithsonian Institution, 100

Life Histories of North American Birds, 179, 181–183

National Museum of Natural History, 110–112, 114, 117, 123–124, 127

Alexander Wetmore and, 149

snail kite, 76

Snake River, 86–87

Snetsinger, Phoebe, 288

snipe, 13

Wilson’s, 216

snow geese, 23

Society of American Foresters, 150

Solander, Daniel, 37

songs of birds. See sounds of birds

song sparrow, 72, 141, 162, 177, 224–225

sooty grouse, 85

sounds of birds, 36, 211, 221, 235–239, 259, 269, 286, 299

south polar skua, 245

South Sea islands, 248

Spain

in Arizona territory, 108

in the New World, 9, 11

Spanish-language field guides, 298–300

sparrows, 69–70, 147, 152, 167

Aleutian song, 141

American tree, 135, 195–196, 307

Baird’s, 100–101, 260

Cape Sable, 286

dusky seaside, 286

English, 129–130, 168

Eurasian tree, 128–129

field, 46n, 117

fox, 141

Harris’s, 95

Henslow’s, 96

house (English), 129–130

Ipswich, 286

lark, 80, 85

LeConte’s, 95–96, 259

Lincoln’s, 69

song, 72, 141, 162, 177, 224–225

swamp, 1–2

white-throated, 146

specimens and collectors, 126, 136–144, 176

Audubon, 68–69, 76–77, 92, 100

Baird, 110–122

Bartram, 37–38

Bendire, 110–114

Catesby, 18–19, 22, 90

Coues, 117–121, 122, 142–143

field identification and, 141–143

National Museum of Natural History, 110–122

oology and, 112–115, 136–138, 179–181, 242

Townsend, 90, 96

U.S. Army Medical Corps, 114–115, 117–121

Wilson, 83–84

spiritualists, 119

Sprague, Isaac, 94, 95

Sprague’s pipit, 95–96, 259

Stallcup, Rich, 249–252, 254–255

stamps, waterfowl, 312

Stanwood, Cordelia, 162, 163

starlings, 167

European, 129

state lists, 256

Stein, Robert, 238

Stone, Witmer, 169, 178–179, 237, 283–284

storks, wood, 34

storm-petrels, 60, 63, 245, 246

black-bellied, 246

Wilson’s, 60, 63

Stratton-Porter, Gene, 163, 166–167

Strom, Deborah, 164, 167

Sublette, Milton, 88

suffrage, 158–159

Sunday shooting, 172–173

Superbowl of Birding, 268

Sutton, Clay, 223

Sutton, George Miksch, 167, 172

swallows, 25, 70, 167

“American,” 25

cave, 291

tree, 129–130, 168

swallow-tailed kite, 75

swamp sparrow, 1–2

swans

trumpeter, 14–15, 23, 64, 82

tundra, 14–15, 23, 147

swifts, 212

chimney, 25, 168

Systema Naturae (Linnaeus), 28–29

T

Tamaulipan crow, 5

tanagers, 64

“Louisiana,” 83

scarlet, 152

western, 83

Tanner, James T., 236

taxes, 310–311

taxidermy, 64, 68, 90, 123–127, 137, 154, 204

Taylor, Joe, 259–262, 268–270, 278–279, 287, 291

Taylor, Tom, 259

teen birders, 3–4, 185–186, 200–202, 205, 206, 214, 231, 268, 270–271, 300

Tennessee Ornithological Society, 256

terns, 152, 244

brown noddy, 28

Caspian, 79–80

least, 82–83

Texas

Austin Audubon, 257

Brownsville landfill, 5

Great Texas Birding Classic, 268

Great Texas Coastal Birding Trail, 268

Mitchell Lake (San Antonio), 5

Rio Grande Birding Festival (Harlingen), 298

Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge, 4

Thaxter, Celia Leighton, 158

Thayer, Abbott, 160

Thayer’s gull, 286

Theosophists, 119

Thompson, Bill and Elsa, 258n

thrashers, 68

brown, 15, 58

three-toed woodpecker, 69

thrushes, 64, 286, 307

Bicknell’s, 181–182, 183

hermit, 36, 237

orange-breasted, 71

wood, 48, 237

Tijuana River valley, 251

Tilghman Island (Maryland), 145–148

titmouse

oak, 97

tufted, 27

towhees, 286

eastern, 11

Townsend, John K.

Nuttall and, 87–90, 92

specimens and, 90, 96

taxidermy and, 90

Townsend, Mary (sister of John), 91

Townsend’s bunting, 73–74

Townsend’s warbler, 90

Traill, Thomas, 238–239

Traill’s flycatcher, 238–239, 286

Travels Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida (Bartram), 36–39, 75–76

tree swallow, 129–130, 168

trickster deities, 7, 8

trip lists, 288–293

trogons, 182

violaceous, 282

trumpeter swan, 14–15, 23, 64, 82

Tucker, Jim, 256–258, 262–263, 291

Birdwatcher’s Digest, The (newsletter), 256, 257–258, 265

tufted titmouse, 27

tundra swan, 14–15, 23, 147

turkeys, wild, 9–14, 66

turkey vulture, 23, 24

Tuscaroras, 16–17

Two Little Savages (Seton), 202–204, 206

U

Udvardy, Miklos, 214

Unalaska Island (Aleutian Islands), 276

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 6, 248, 297

U.S. Geological Survey, 121

University of California

Museum of Paleontology, 240–243

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 240–241, 248

University of Wisconsin, 300–302

upland sandpiper, 265

Urner-Stone Cup, 265

U.S. Army Medical Corps

ornithologists in, 83–84

specimen collectors in, 114–115, 117–121

V

Van Name, Willard, 171

Vardaman, Jim, 293

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours, 294

Vikings, 9

violaceous trogon, 282

vireos, 22–23, 64, 286

Bell’s, 95–96, 98, 119–120

Philadelphia, 96

red-eyed, 56

warbling, 58

yellow-throated, 51

Virginia, New World exploration and, 12

Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, The (Audubon), 93–94, 101, 102

Vogt, Bill, 206

vultures, 307

black, 75

“cropped,” 75–76

king, 74–75, 76

“painted,” 75–76

turkey, 23, 24

W

Wahl, Terry, 249

Walsh, Joan, 221

warblers, 4–5, 22–23, 64, 217, 307

Audubon’s, 96, 285–286

black-and-white, 56

blackburnian, 152

blackpoll, 26, 72–73

black-throated green, 55–56

Cape May, 61, 73, 96, 183–184, 255

Grace’s, 119

hooded, 23

Lucy’s, 213

myrtle, 285–286

Nashville, 239

pine, 1

Townsend’s, 90

Wilson’s, 63

wood, 71, 194

yellow-rumped, 96, 182, 285–286

warbling vireo, 58

Washington, Booker T., 156

Washington, D.C., Rock Creek Park, 5

Washington state

Olympic National Monument, 172

Washington State birding trail, 5

waterfowl stamps, 312

Wayne, Arthur, 139–140

Western Birds journal, 254–255

Western Field Ornithologists, 254–255

western flycatcher, 239

western grebe, 259

Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network, 253

western kingbird, 85

western meadowlark, 83, 95

western tanager, 83

West Nile virus, 308

Wetmore, Alexander, 149

whip-poor-will, 8, 70–71, 94

Nuttall’s, 101

whiskered auklet, 274–276, 280–282

whistling-duck, 4

White, E. B., 209

White, Gilbert, 30

White, John, 10–11, 17, 20

white-breasted nuthatch, 256

white-crowned pigeon, 58

Whitefish Point (Michigan), 5

white ibis, 34–35

white pelican, 80, 89

white-throated sparrow, 146

Whittier, John Greenleaf, 152

whooping crane, 27, 34, 58, 64, 89

wild pigeon, 15

wild turkey gobbler, 9–14, 66

Wiley, Farida, 233

willow flycatcher, 239, 259, 286

Wilson, Alexander (Sandy), 8, 23, 41–52

American Ornithology, 47, 48–52, 56–57, 60–63, 83–84, 99

Audubon and, 52, 53, 56–60, 63–66, 76–77

background of, 41–43, 61

William Bartram and, 40, 46–48, 49, 51, 60, 62

bird population estimates of, 51

book on birds, 42

death of, 62–63, 77

encyclopedia-revision project, 48, 60–61

as engraver, 47–48

as Father of American Ornithology, 59

financial struggles of, 66

folk wisdom and, 70

lost species and, 73–74

naming birds and, 71

new species and, 50–51, 83–84

Nuttall and, 86, 191

George Ord and, 60–63, 65, 77

poetry of, 43–45, 50

science of ornithology and, 59, 69–70

specimens and, 83–84

as a weaver, 43, 44, 45, 46

Wilson Ornithological Society, 207

Wilson Bulletin, 168–169, 172, 207, 237

Wilson’s phalarope, 63

Wilson’s plover, 63

Wilson’s snipe, 216

Wilson’s storm-petrel, 60, 63

Wilson’s warbler, 63

Winging It (newsletter), 262

WINGS, 221, 294

winter wren, 239

women, 145–186

as benefactors, 240–241

as birders, 118, 122, 143, 155–159, 249, 288

as bird writers, 118, 122, 164–166

millinery industry and, 136–137, 148–161

as naturalists, 84, 91–92, 163

as ornithologists, 118, 122–127, 132–135, 164, 168

women’s rights and, 118–119, 158–159

women’s club movement, 158–159

woodcocks, 54, 216

American, 72

Woodcraft, 203

wood duck, 14, 35

Woodhouse, John, 93, 101–102

woodpeckers, 212

hairy, 27

ivory-billed, 19, 28–29, 52n, 76, 139–140, 166, 236

Lewis’s, 83

Nuttall’s, 97

pileated, 66, 68

red-bellied, 147, 307

red-headed, 27, 45

three-toed, 69

wood stork, 34

wood thrush, 48, 237

wood warbler, 71, 194

World Series of Birding, 222–223, 263–268, 271

wrens, 71

Bewick’s, 96

Carolina, 192–193, 194

house, 168–169

marsh, 137, 239–240, 265

rock, 5

winter, 239

wrentits, 237

Wright, James (husband of Mabel), 164

Wright, Mabel Osgood, 118, 158, 162, 164–166, 175

Wyeth, Nathaniel J., 86–89, 97, 127, 191

X

Xantus, John, 115–116

Xantus’s hummingbird, 115

Xantus’s murrelet, 115

Y

Yale Peabody Museum, 219

yellow-bellied sapsucker, 208–209

yellow-billed magpie, 307–308

yellow-breasted chat, 19, 137

yellow-crowned night-heron, 22

yellowlegs, 58

greater, 291

yellow-nosed albatross, 245, 246, 247

yellow-rumped warbler, 96, 182, 285–286

yellow-shafted flicker, 286

Yellowstone National Park, 104, 155

Yellowstone River, 79–81, 99

yellow-throated vireo, 51

Yosemite National Park (California), 172

youth movement, 203

Yucatan Bird Festival (Mexico), 297

Yumans, 108

Z

zone-tailed hawk, 108–109, 112–113