Illustrations

1. Artist unknown, Henry VIII, c. 1520. The National Portrait Gallery, London.

2. Jean Clouet, Francis I, 1526. The Louvre, Paris.

3. Artist unknown, Cardinal Wolsey, undated. The National Portrait Gallery, London.

4. Bust of Cardinal Giovanni de'Medici, later Leo X, attributed to Antonio de'Benintendi, c. 1512. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

5. Unknown artitst, The Triumph of Chastity over Love, c. 1507–10. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

6. Embarkation at Dover, English School, c. 1540s, Hampton Court Palace. Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2013.

7. The Field of Cloth of Gold, Hampton English School, c. 1540s, Hampton Court Palace. Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2013.

8. Design for tents, British Library, Cotton Augustus III, 18.

9. Design for tents, British Library, Cotton Augustus III, 19.

10. Meeting of Henry VIII and Francis I, Bas-relief from the Hôtel Bourgtheroulde, Rouen. Musée des Monuments Français/photo Giraudon.

11. Tonlet armour of Henry VIII, English, Greenwich, 1520. Royal Armouries.

12. Francis and Henry after Wrestling. Bridgeman Art Library.