The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Aarnes, T. 615
ABC-1 agreement 65, 127
Aïn Beïda 646
air interception radar (AI) 76–7
Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA) 294
Afrikakorps/Panzerarmee Africa 222–8
resources needed on Eastern Front 90
Libya/Egypt
superior anti-tank guns 158
attack on Gazala Line 240–6
90th Light Division, overruns south 244
losses 246
turns back 251
21. Panzer, turns back 251
trapped in Cauldron 250, 251
survives due to Eighth Army hesitation 252–3
breaking out of Cauldron 265–8, 272–3
21. Panzer fights in Cauldron 272
15. Panzer leaves Cauldron 272–3
pursuit Jan–June 1942, map 276–7
shortages 287–8
and captured British equipment 287
Tobruk supplies landed Tripoli/Benghazi 340–1
DAF round-the-clock bombing 290–1
divisions, under strength 308
anti-tank guns effective 272
Battle of Alam Halfa, bombed day & night 36–5
21. Panzer, out of fuel 365
15. Panzer now spearhead 365
shortages/sickness 454
senior personnel changes 454–5
Alamein disposition 466
15. Panzerdivision counterattack 470–2
15. Panzer losses 480
attack Riflemen 483–4
counterattacks 1st Armoured Division 483–5
Advanced HQ, RAF bombs 488
remains making for Tripoli 505–9
21. Panzerdivision, patrolling Siwa & Giarabub 507–8
Tunisia
heading west 554, 564–5
pursued by Allied Air Forces 556–7
15. Panzer, rearguard 565
counterattacks at El Agheila 565
Medjerda Valley attack 567
Fifth Panzerarmee 568
Panzerdivision 10, diversionary attack 612–13
Panzerarmee Afrika rearguard 617
supplies coming in 623–4
Afrikakorps to attack US II Corps 625
21. Panzer secures mouth Faïd Pass 625–6
10. Panzer attacks via Faïd Pass 626–9
21. Panzer attacks via Maizila Pass 626–9
10. Panzer towards Thala 635
15. Panzer pushes back XXX corps 667
Mareth Line 670–4
10. Panzer at Gafsa-Gabès road 670–2
21. Panzer at Tebaga Gap 674
Alam Halfa battle 363, 383, 384
Alamein Line
Eighth Army heads to 240–2
attack stopped by DAF 288–91
deadlock 299
4th Indian Division at 417–20
23 October, map 464
24 October, map 471
Panzerdivision 15 counterattack 470–2
Operation LIGHTFOOT 463–75, 478–87
Alexander, Dixie 496–7
Alexander, General Sir Harold xxv, 282
and Baltic Landeswehr 1919 346–7
and Battle Schools 387
and Bradley, on II Corps and Tunis bridgehead assault 680
and Coningham 647
and inexperienced officers 678
and Montgomery 462, 486–7
and NATAF 646–7
and Patton 664
appointed C-in-C Middle East 332
objective to destroy Axis North Africa 346–7
plans October offensive 383
SUPERCHARGE attack on Axis 486–7, 488–93, 505–9
Eisenhower’s deputy 603
Tripoli about to fall 603
Tripoli conference 630
takes command 18th Army Group 641–2
plans Axis North Africa defeat 642
on 18th Army Group confusion 641–2
forces reorganized 655
Patton to take Maknassy 670
orders Red Bulls to Fondouk Pass 677
orders UK IX Corps to Pichon 677
Operation VULCAN to Tunis bridgehead 694–701
victory signal to Churchill 700, 705
Alexandria
manned torpedoes damage RN ships 157
UK submarines 47
Algeria
UK/US First Army 539–40
western, TORCH 450, 457–9
Algiers, Eastern Task Force 518–19, 521
All American B17 321, 450
at Biskra 568
in Tunisia 566
raid on Castel Benito 592–3
attacks Bizerte, survives collision 608–11
Allen, Major-General Terry 517, 595
Allfrey, General, V Corps 568–9
Allies
and German atomic bomb research 444–5, 445–6
Atlantic convoys/ASW see Atlantic Battle School 680
Casablanca Conference, on future strategy 574, 577–84
commanders, Tripoli conference 630–2
Declaration of War Aims 138
Dieppe Raid 348–9, 499
losses, public’s view 316–17
Molotov urges 1943 second front 268–70
plan abandoned 579
north-west Europe invasion aim 319–24
Operation TORCH 450, 457–9, 460–1, 504–5, 510–11, 516–25
amphibious training 39
planning 334–5, 348, 350–1
tactical air power doctrine 630–3
Tunisian campaign 601–13, 622–9, 640–1, 646–9, 651–6, 663–8, 670–4, 675–81, 687–9, 690–700
Air Forces 556–7, 562–3
Axis unconditional surrender required 579–80
18th Army Group, Alexander organizes 641
First Army 694–5
French join 613
First and Eighth Armies to be 18th Army Group 603
Operation VULCAN to Tunis bridgehead 694–701
reorganize commands 603–5
servicemen’s lives, time, and supply chain 582–3
see also specific operations
Ambrosio, Maresciallo Vittorio 624
Amè, Generale Cesare 535–6
America see United States of America
American RAF pilots, Eagle squadrons 78–80, 451–3, 496–7, 686
Anderson, Lieutenant-General Kenneth, First Army 539–40
and air support 604
attack pause 564, 573
blocks Grande Dorsale passes 632
orders based on out-of-date Ultra 627
orders withdrawal to Grande Dorsale 627
still commands First Army 655
plans push to take Tunis & Bizerte 542–3
Andersz, Tadeusz, 315 Polish squadron 621
Arcadia conference, on USA deployment 130, 137–8, 174
Archangel, Arctic convoys 82
Arctic convoys 82, 304–8, 547
routes, map xx
Kriegsmarine fails to prevent 576
Task Force 99 and 216
Convoy PQ17, war material for USSR 304–8
Argentia, Newfoundland 219
US naval base 167
Ariete Division
attacked heading north 251
attacks Bir Hacheim from rear 249–50
NZ Division destroys artillery 288
Arnim, General Jürgen von 568
north towards Fondouk 549
takes Eastern Dorsale 612–13
10. Panzer to attack US II Corps 624
makes for Sbeitla then Fondouk 629
21. Panzer, blocked by Allies 632, 634
Operation OCHSENKOPF to Béja fails 648
split with Rommel 648
new Army Group commander 655
evacuation plan 675
surrenders to Tuker 699
Arnold, General ‘Hap’ USAAF chief 40, 422–3, 451, 604
Athenia 79
Atlantic, Battle of 6, 12, 34, 47, 64–6, 73–6, 82–4, 91–2, 103, 131–7, 153–4, 159–62, 164–7, 219–22, 300–8, 358–60, 399–400, 408–9, 528–34, 545–9, 569–73, 576–84, 649–51, 656, 681–4, 700–5, 706
protection strategy/agreements
supply lines protected, May 1941 5
Atlantic Conference 32, 33–5, 36
Atlantic Charter (US/UK/USSR) agreed 34–5
US naval participation confirmed 34
Germany, OKW Atlantic strategy 72
RCN takes over US commitments 164–7
shipping, Allied operations demand 578–84
Convoy Conference, Anglo-US-Canadian 650
Casablanca decisions implemented 649–51
maps
August 42–May 43 531
May 1943 702
Atlantic Convoy routes 1941–3, map xx
see also Royal Canadian Navy;
Royal Navy; Arctic Convoys
Allied shipping
success 82–3, 103, 150–4, 221–2, 284–7, 359–60
losses 545–8, 580
American zone 159–60, 220–2, 538
decline 1943 649
strength and losses tabulation 712
see also convoy protection; convoys; Royal Air Force, coastal command; Royal Navy, Fleet Air Arm
Atlantic Wall project (Hitler) 513, 589–90
Auchinleck, General Claude, C-in-C Middle East 55, 210
and Churchill 57–8
Churchill’s doubts 274–6
and CRUSADER 63
and Ritchie 237
and SAS formation 61
and Tedder, co-operation, joint exercises 96
and Tuker 237–8, 239–40
refuses advice 272–3
and 3.7-inch gun underused 372
building up forces 58
failing 331–2
Jock Columns 238
on desertion/cowardice convictions 396
sends Ritchie to front 105–6
Auschwitz, deportations begin 198
Australian Army 163
6th Division
mine clearing 467
press forward 474, 481, 486
takes Point 29 475
9th Division, at Alamein 280
Australian New Guinea, taken 162
Avanguardisti 384
Avro Manchester bomber 294
Axis forces
and Eighth Army, even match 157
oilfields new objective 186
Malta plans undecided 218–19
air forces, harass front 251
intelligence, kills Gott 333
paratroops to Libya 337
Mediterranean shipping losses 362
convoys, bombed from Malta 339–40
freighters, and RN submarines 455–6
North Africa, little co-operation 424
700 aircraft attack Malta from Sicily 456
Montgomery attacks 463–75, 478–87
partners, mutual mistrust 430–1
units disposition, Alamein 466
SUPERCHARGE attack on 486, 488–93, 505–9
and TORCH landings 543
Tunisia armies separated 654
withdraws from Mareth Line 674
pull out from El Guettar & Maknassy 677
Backe, Herbert
and Zentrale Planung 184–5
Minister for Food 191
ends food deliveries to front 193
ends food ration for Polish Jews 193
Hunger Plan revived 432–3
Bader, Wing Commander Douglas, POW 78
Bagnold, Ralph 59–60
Baker, Group Captain John 172
Baku oilfields see Caucasus
Balck, Generalleutnant Hermann xv, 16–17, 20–1, 23, 25–7
on encirclement fears 20–1
with Schell on motor vehicles 24–7, 70
OKH General of Mobile Forces 109–10
at Smolensk 144
briefs Hitler at Rastenburg 144–5, 146
on Schell’s trucks 146
on best troops wasted 110
on Hitler Army C-in-C 144–5, 149
on Panzer guns 375
on spring offensive 247
vehicles stockpiling 190
11. Panzerdivision rebuilding 248, 308
moves out to Voronezh 310
Baldwin, Hanson W. 102
Balilla 384
Balkans 12
German reparations demands 430–1
shortages 260
see also Yugoslavia
Bamberger, Flight Lieutenant Cyril ‘Bam’ xxv, 596
Bank of Norway, and SOE banknote forgery 442–3
BARBAROSSA 18–23, 24–30, 89
1941 map 26
planning 3, 13, 18–23
Göring against 44–5
2. Panzerarmee, to Moscow 69–70
Barbie, Obersturmführer Klaus xxv, 550–1
Bardia 104
Barré, Général Georges
retreats forces to hills 538
forces clash with Germans 542
Bastico, Maresciallo Ettore 335–6
Battle of Alam Halfa 362–6
map 363
BATTLEAXE 58
Bauer, Albert 448
Bay of Biscay, ASW 505, 649
air operations 706
Bayerlein, Oberst Fritz, DAK Chief of Staff 222–3, 455, 490–1, 616
trapped at Cauldron 250, 265–6
takes over Panzerarmee 265–6
on Panzerarmee, shortages 287
on DAF 289
on RAF bombing 364
on Alam Halfa failure 367, 368
on Hitler’s order to fight on 491
flees west 492–3
on RAF damage to Tel el Aqqaqir 488
takes control of German troops 651–2
Italian Panzer Army, effectively commander 675–6
BBC, broadcasts to France 200
Beaty, Pilot Officer Roy 452
Beaverbrook, Lord
and Knudsen, on war production 138
at Placentia Bay 34
clash with Bevin 210, 211
USSR aid conference 82
Bedford, Clay, Liberty ships fast production 361–2, 448, 545
Belgian RAF pilots 78
Belgium, collaborators round up Jews 198
Ben Gardane 617
Benghazi 339–40, 343, 516, 555
Berbers, Stirling’s party and 608
Berlin
building projects 182
reaction to dams attack 705
Berndt, Leutnant 490
Bethke, Oberleutnant Siegfried at Brest 46–7, 51, 80
losing nerve, posted instructor 499–500
Bethke, Hedi 46–7
Bevin, Ernest 210
Białystok 28
Big Red One (US II Corps 18th RCT) 539–40
replaces Combat Command B 568
Medjez sector 594–5
Grande Dorsale passes 632
blocks Arnim 634–5
Patton on 665
takes Gafsa 665–6
dug in at Gafsa-Gabès road 670–1
assigned to Sicily invasion 680
captures hills 695
Bigalk, Kapitänleutnant Gerhard, U-751, sinks HMS Audacity 135
Bir Hacheim
Boris and 596
Free French at 223, 237, 261–2, 270–1, 273
Rommel attacks 273–4
Biskra, Luftwaffe raid 592
Bismarck, General Georg von, killed 364
Bizerte
USAAF 97th Bombardment Group attacks 609
falls 7 May 699
US First Army objective 694
Blackett, Professor Patrick, ASW Committee 583
Blakeslee, Don 452
Eagle Squadron 452–3, 496, 497, 686
Blanco (Belgian pilot) 169
Bletchley Park 65, 358–9
Bock, Feldmarschall Fedor von panzers surround Białystok 27–8
Army Group Centre withdrawal 118
sacked 144
attacks Izyum salient 247–8
Boettiger, Anna 448
Bolshevik intelligentsia liquidation, Hitler on 22
Bône, 225 Squadron at 541
Bonnier de la Chapelle, assassinates Darlan 574
Boris, Lieutenant Jean-Mathieu xxv
at Bir Hacheim 249–50
returns to find Gufflet’s body 596
at Gazala 261–2, 273–4
and Montgomery’s opening barrage 467
Bormann, Martin 588
Borneo, Japan invades 137, 162
Boston Navy Yard 67
Boudier, Michel 620
Alsace squadron 620
Bougainville, taken 162
Bousquet, René 411
Bowles, Pfc Henry ‘Dee’ see Bowles twins
Bowles, Pfc Tom see Bowles twins
Bowles twins 522
training 390, 594, 613
on relations with English 429
2 Battalion 18th RCT 460
TORCH first wave 487
board landing craft 511
on UK rations 594
land unopposed west of Oran 520
Sbiba–Sbeitla road 632–3, 634–5
on Patton 663, 665
Gafsa–Gabès road, escape 671–2
Bradley, Major-General Omar
on Fredendall 656
on Patton 664
Tunis bridgehead assault 680
and Red Bulls 680
on capturing high ground 695
Bragg, Ken, All American 608–11
Brandenburgers 24
Brauchitsch, Feldmarschall Walther von 22, 68
at Mauerwald 109, 110
‘resigned’ 141
USSR war now unwinnable 112, 127
Bremen
Bomber Command raid 401–2
Eighth Air Force 687
Bren gun, efficiency 188
Brereton, General Lewis H. 558
Brescia Division 335
Brest, bombing raid 47
Bricogne, Capitaine Charles 262, 274
Bristol, Rear-Admiral Mark L. 66
Britain see United Kingdom
British battledress 36
British Empire, assistance from 6
British Security Coordination (BSC) 317–18
Brooke, General Alan, CIGS 322
on 1943 second front prospects 270
in Washington 278–9
on Harris mass bombing raids 282
wants non-RAF Army air arm 292
at Cairo HQ 331–3
against Dieppe Raid proposal 349
on Rommel intended Tunisia attack 602–3
Brossolette, Pierre 551
and de Gaulle 415
Brown, Eric ‘Winkle’
and Empire Audacity 73–6
and Condors 131, 132
and U-boats 133–7
rescued by HMS Convolvulus 136
Brun, Dr Jomar, Norsk Hydro reports to SOE 444
Bucket Brigades 221
Buckland, Flight Sergeant Graham 262
RAAF 262
Buckmaster, Maurice 439
Bufton, Air Commodore Sydney xxv
on Bomber Command critics 172–3
and Pathfinder Force 403–7
Burbridge, Ralph, All American B17 321, 450
at Biskra 568
in Tunisia 566
raid on Castel Benito 592–3
attacks Bizerte, survives collision 609–11
Burger, Ernst, betrays Operation PASTORIUS 318–19
Burma
Japan invades 137, 162, 231
Alexander leads UK/Indian forces retreat 282, 283
Allies, public view 316
UK plans offensive 579
Butcher, Harry 460–1
Butt Report, UK bombing effectiveness 170, 319
Caccia Terrestre, 20 Gruppo 351
Cairo, GHQ panic 287, 288
Calliope, Italian frigate, attacked 455–6
Camp Claiborne, Louisiana 40
Campbell, Jock 238
Canada
Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment 328–9
RAF Empire Training Scheme 44
troops, Dieppe Raid 349
see also Royal Canadian Navy (RCN)
Canadian Northwest Atlantic Command 650
Cape Bon 156
Carboni, Generale Giacomo, on Malta 261
Caribbean oil shipping 220, 221, 546
Carls, Admiral Rolf 577
Casablanca
TORCH landings 350, 450, 458
naval battle 522
Casablanca Conference on Allies future strategy 574, 577–84, 601–5
Anti-U-Boat Warfare motion agreed 583–4
Allies reorganize commands 603–5
directive, Bomber Command 659
Casero, Colonnello Giuseppe 218–19
Casey, Richard
Middle East Minister of State 275
at Burg el Arab 486
Catroux, Général Georges 55, 56–7
Caucasus, Germany and
oilfields 338, 536
Axis new objective 186
main German effort 214
no German infrastructure to exploit 312–13
offensive 307, 308–15
advance slowing 431
USSR major counter-attack 543
Cavalero, Tenente Francesco 351–2, 353
Cavallero, Maresciallo Ugo 88
Stalingrad faux pas 431
on Tripoli 616
sacked 624
Chadwick, Roy, A. V. Roe, and Wallis 684
Chaney, Major-General James E. 231, 270
Channel Islands, German fortification 589–90
Channel sweeps 169
Cheall, Bill, 6th Green Howards, training 324–5
Cherbourg, Jagdgeschwader JG2 499
Cherwell, Professor Frederick Lindemann, Lord 371
Chetniks 338
Chevance, Maurice, Combat 416–17
Chiang Kai-shek 121, 122
China, war with Japan 121, 122
Christopherson, Major Stanley, Sherwood Rangers xxvi, 58–9, 365, 700
minefield practice 421
Rangers’ attack 469–70, 472
wounded 474
on rain 506
on Medenine 653
at Tebaga Gap 667–8, 674
Christos (Knoller’s friend) 197, 198, 410
Churchill, Randolph 54
and SAS raids 343
Churchill, Winston Spencer
and fighting on 4–5
on Atlantic shipping losses reduced 83
on food reserves 84–5
Army-Air co-operation directive 96
and USA
briefs Hopkins 32
Pearl Harbor reaction 124–5
Germany-first deployment 130
in Washington 278–9
Roosevelt meeting, Placentia Bay 32, 33–5
at Casablanca 577–84
Washington Conference 705
and resistance in Nazi-occupied Europe 198
appoints Lyttelton Minister of Production 210–13
working hours 213
on invasion plans 230
refuses Molotov’s second front 269
and North Africa
North Africa discussion 274–6
doubts on Auchinleck 275–6
on Tobruk surrender 279
north-west Africa Operation TORCH 322–3, 350–1, 450
at Cairo HQ 331–2
Alexander to destroy North Africa Axis 346
on Eighth Army offensive timing 383–4
Egypt attack on Axis 462
House of Commons no confidence motion 282
and Bomber Command 402
on German atomic bomb research 444
Anti-U-Boat Warfare Committee 583–4
Ciano, Count Galeazzo xxvi, 398
and food shortage 87–8, 260, 339
and Mediterranean 89, 90–1, 156
on aircraft production 430–1
on Eastern Front 241
on Hitler 213–14
on Mussolini anti-German tone 336
on Wolf’s Lair dreariness 575
on Malta 218–19, 261
on North Africa 271, 535–6
Cincinnati Milling Machine Company 102
Clark, Brigadier-General Mark xxvi, 38–9, 268, 595
to UK 229, 230
Eisenhower’s deputy 270
commander US II Corps 270, 321
and TORCH
planning 350–1, 428–9, 450
Algiers meeting with Vichy French 457–9, 475–7
loses clothes, hides from Algiers police 477
first wave 487–8
to Gibraltar 509
and George VI 487
and Giraud, fly to Algiers 523–4
Allies to take back initiative 539
and French allies 573
setting up Fifth Army 601–2
Clarke, John, HMCS Arvida 165
Clayton, Pat 60
Clifton, Brigadier George, NZ Division 438
Clostermann, Sergent-chef Pierre xxvi
341 Alsace squadron 619–20
attacking III/JG2 685–6
Cochrane, Air Vice-Marshal Ralph, Gibson to bomb Ruhr dams 662
Coldstream Guards attack Longstop Hill fails 568–9
Cologne, first 1,000 Bomber Raid 292–3
Colville, Jock xxvi
on Placentia Bay meeting 33
combat aircraft production tabulation 714
Combat resistance movement 413, 416–17
to form Armée Secrète with Libération & Franc-Tireur 435
Commando Supremo 624
Commonwealth forces, Eighth Army 324
Coningham, Air Vice-Marshal Arthur ‘Mary’ 465
OC Desert Air Force 97, 233–6
orders attack Axis supply columns 263–5
Tactical HQ 267
air battle strategy 288–90
on USAAF pilots getting combat experience 423
Takoradi Route to Egypt 422
on Panzerarmee escape 557
obtains supplies from USAAF 558
C-in-C Air Support Tunisia 604
and Alexander 647
orders no more umbrellas 647
row with Patton over air cover 679–80
at Grenadier Hill 698
tactical air power doctrine 630–2, 646–7, 688
convoys
HG75, U-564 and 91–3
HG76 131–7
HX219 569–71
HX229, massed U-boats attack 650–1
OG74 to Gibraltar 73, 75–6
ON127, U-96 attacks 547
ONS4 681–4, 700
ONS5, B7 Escort Group 700
ONS154 572–3
OS34 300–3
SC122, massed U-boats attack 650–1
SC42, attacked 64
TM1, fuel to Allies from Trinidad, U-boats and 578
convoy system 64–6, 358–60
routes 1941–3, map xxi
Gibraltar route 91–3
Mid-Ocean Meeting Point (MOMP) 65
southern convoys 73–6
American zone 85, 154–6, 159–60, 219–22, 529
slow development 159–62, 283
‘Bucket Brigades’ 221
air patrols 221
convoy protection
convoys 80% unscathed 548
air cover 360, 584, 608
escort aircraft carriers 73–6, 584
air cover, map 531
see also Royal Air Force, coastal command; Royal Navy, Fleet Air Arm
anti-submarine warfare (ASW) strategies 153–4, 649
RAF anti-submarine patrols 65
technology 64, 300–3
ASDIC xxii, 93
Pillenwerfer bomb to confuse 571
Hedgehog xxii, 532, 681, 683
Mk 24 mine: air-launched acoustic homing torpedo 701
escorts
Mid-Ocean Force 160–1, 219–20, 358
Western Local Force, Halifax– Newfoundland 166
mid-ocean refuelling 682
technology upgraded 585
more Home Fleet destroyers 649
escort groups 219, 681–4, 700–1
ASDIC insufficient range 547
latest equipment 681–4, 700–1, 706
Canadian escort groups, Argentia–Londonderry 160–1
Trinidad–Halifax 220, 221
Support Groups 683–2, 700–1
see also Atlantic, Battle of; Royal Canadian Navy; Royal Navy; Arctic Convoys
Cooper, Johnny 324, 606–8
Layforce 62
on SAS first raid 96
SAS raids 343–6
SAS party, walks to Tozeur 607–8
Corbett, Lieutenant-General Tom 239–40, 272–3
Corregidor, US forces surrender 217
Corsica, UK invasion feared 89
Coulter, Major Robert E. 609, 610
Cox, Gwladys xxvi
in North London 253
makes jam 357
on 1,000 Bomber Raid 293
on days of National Prayer 382
on Heydrich assassination 253–4
Cox, Ralph 253, 382
Creta, Italian merchantman, sunk 455
Crete 1–2, 5, 13, 53
Layforce 60
Luftwaffe seaplanes stopover 47–8
Sherwood Rangers 58
Crimea, cleared 112, 308
Cripps, Sir Stafford, on Bomber Command 173
Croatia 338
CRUSADER offensive, Western Desert 63, 103–7
build-up 95–8
and U-boats deployment 103
El Agheila, offensive ends 157
SAS destroy aircraft 343
Sherwood Rangers, A Squadron 469
Crüwell, General Ludwig 223–4, 228
killed 252
Italian Corps feint 241
attacks South Africans, captured 251
Cunningham, Admiral Sir Andrew Browne xxvi, 58
March Malta convoy 177–8
on air power 176
on torpedo damage 156
C-in-C TORCH Naval Forces 505
and Darlan Deal 538–9
on Giraud 509
Admiral of Fleet, C-in-C
Mediterranean 603
patrol off Cape Bon 699
Cunningham, Lieutenant-General Alan 58
on CRUSADER offensive 104
proposes withdrawal 105–6
Cyrenaica 57, 158
D’Astier de la Vigerie, Emmanuel 551–2
and de Gaulle 415
and Armée Secrète proposal 435–6
taken to UK for summit 440–1
Dahl, Flying Officer Roald
and Wallace 318
PR at UK Washington Embassy 317–18
and British Security Coordination (BSC) 317–18
Daily Express 104, 593
Daily Mirror 293
Dalton, Hugh 439
Dammer, Major Herman, takes Fort de la Pointe 516
Dannecker, Haupsturmführer Theodor 411
Darby, Colonel William
and Rangers 327
sends patrols to locate enemy 665
splits force, takes forts 516–17
Darlan, Amiral François, Vichy North Africa 457
and TORCH 458–9, 487
Mast on 476, 477
ready to negotiate 523
mistrusted 538
orders ceasefire, sacked by Pétain 524
dithers, heads civil government 538
assassinated 574
Darlan Deal 539, 550, 593
Darley, Squadron Leader George 78
Darré, Walther 191
Dasch, George, betrays Operation PASTORIUS 318–19
Davidson, Major-General Francis, War
Office Director MI 274–6
de Gaulle, Général Charles xxvii
suspects UK intentions 55–7
and Free French 203
promises women vote 415–16
and resistance groups 414–17, 435–6, 440–2
and Vichy North Africa 458
and Giraud 549, 605
at Casablanca Conference 605
de Guingand, General Freddie 347, 486
de Jarlais, Sergeant 672
de Selys-Longchamps, Jean, on Offenberg 170
Deere, Wing Commander Al 611
Squadron 685–6
Dees, Sergeant, killed 672
Deichmann, Oberst Paul 177–8
Delestraint, Général Charles, to command Armée Secrète 436–7, 441–2
Deniston, Lieutenant Dale R. xxvi, 596–7, 689
flying training 42–3
USAAF 66th Fighter Squadron 421–4
and RSAAF 2 Squadron 423
at El Daba 467–8
action daily since Alamein 556
crash-lands 673–4
Detroit, Willow Run, B-24 heavy bombers 449–50
Deutsche Edelstahlwerke 111
Deutsche Wochenschau newsreels 495
Dewavrin, André ‘Colonel Passy’ 438
Diebner, Dr Kurt, atomic bomb research 444–6, 640
Dieppe Raid 348–9, 499
Dietrich, Obergruppenführer Sepp 181
Dimbleby, Richard, bombing raid with Gibson 600
Dixie Clipper, flying boat 578
Djerba island 617–19
liberated by Eighth Army 619
SS and Jewish goldsmiths 619
Dnepropetrovsk 181–2
Donets River, Red Army counterattack 181
Dönitz, Admiral Karl xxvi, 64–5, 73, 136–7
U-boats failure 150–5, 222
Convoy PQ17 304–8
asks for longer-range aircraft 360
on merchantmen harassment 548
required sinkings estimate 548
C-in-C Kriegsmarine 577
son killed 706
Wolf-pack operations no longer possible 706
see also Atlantic; U-boats
Donovan, General Bill 317, 440
Doolittle, General Jimmy 566–7, 603–4
Douglas, Air Chief Marshal Sir Sholto 81, 496
Dowding, Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh 81, 169, 548
Drake, Squadron Leader Billy
DAF 112 Shark Squadron xxvi, 232, 597–8
dive bombing 264–5, 270–1
attacks Axis bombers 366
combat techniques 423–4
at El Daba 467–8
escorting bombers 485
on Coningham 288–9
and airmen with lost nerve 597–8
posted to train pilots 597–8
Dunkle Nachtjagd (dark night hunting) 36
Düsseldorf, Bomber Command raid 401
Eagle squadrons, RAF 78–9, 451–3, 496–7, 686
to become USAAF 4th Fighter Group 452–3
Eastern Dorsale, German attack 612–13, 623
Eastern Front 141–50, 181–2, 185–7, 247–8, 254, 431–2, 543–4, 690
Caucasus offensive Case BLUE 307, 308–15
advance slowing 311–12, 431–2
USSR major counter-attack 543
Army Group Centre 113, 118
Army Group North 113, 117–18, 214
Army Group South 112, 310, 431
Hitler to Mussolini on 213–14
poor intelligence 543
prisoners/civilians ill-treated 185
UK bombing raids help USSR 283
shortages/losses
armies to feed from their occupied territories 192–3
armour losses 588–9
panzers frozen inoperable 112, 117
best troops wasted in USSR 110
casualties 147
dependent on requisitioned/ captured vehicles 190
supply lines over-extended 108–9
and Russian winter 108–9, 111–12, 117–18
see also Leningrad; Moscow; Stalingrad
Eden, Anthony 213
Eder dam, breached 705
Edinburgh University Air Squadron 73
Egypt 6
Eighth Army 58
GHQ panic 287, 288
retreat to 278, 280–2
Hussein Sirry Pasha, Egyptian PM 55
Rommel, charges to border 105–6
Takoradi Route to 97, 422
USAAF bombers in 336, 422–3
Eicke, Theodor 19
Eighth Army
equipment 58
anti-tank guns ineffective 272
armour concerns 420
Egypt 58
GHQ panic 287, 288
retreat to 278, 280–2
morale low 347
morale/leadership 266–8, 347, 396–7
Commonwealth forces 324
hesitation 252–3
losses 287
Montgomery sorting out 419–20
tactical leadership confused 236–41
training 383–4, 395–6, 397
new desert HQs 347
North Africa
expecting Rommel attack 228
Gazala Line, weak defensive boxes 237, 238
Rommel launches attack on 241–6
relief to Bir Hacheim 262
Operation ABERDEEN 268, 272
heads to Alamein 280–2
plans October offensive 383
spearhead, bogged down 505–6
retakes Tobruk, crosses Cyrenaica 555
Tunisia
moves towards Mareth line 605, 612, 616, 617
Rommel fears outflanking move 622–3
to Gabès Gap 643
at Medenine 651–3
at Tebaga Gap 672
south of Wadi Akarit 675–6
on Gafsa-Gabès road 677
see also specific actions; forces; individuals
Eisenhower, Major-General Dwight D. 229, 268–9
as commander
European Theater 270, 321–2
‘Directive … European Theater of Operations’ 270
no combat experience 595–6
Algiers & Tunisia 567, 573–4, 601–3
and Fredendall 602, 655–6
on Coningham air policy 688
to be Supreme Commander 603
and 1943 second front 270
and French allies 573
and Darlan Deal 539
and Giraud 510
and tactical air power doctrine 632
TORCH
planning 324, 349–51
C-in-C 428, 450, 457–9, 460–1, 475–6, 487–8
at Casablanca 577–84
at Gibraltar 509–11
France invasion plans 229–30
SLEDGEHAMMER, scrapped 323
El Adem 239, 241, 244, 277
El Agheila
CRUSADER offensive ends 157
Afrikakorps counter-attack 565
attack plan 558–9
Rommel leaves 598
El Alamein see Alamein Line
El Daba airfield, SAS raid 245–6
El Guettar, Axis pulls out 677
Ellingsen, and Oslo Gestapo 613–16
Elmhirst, Air Commodore Tommy, DAF 233, 265, 348, 687
on Coningham 288–9
leap-frogging mobility system 289, 291, 556
on attack on Axis
Monty non-cooperation 558
opening barrage 461–2, 467–8, 485
Panzerarmee escape 556, 558
Tripoli advance admin plan 598
to UK 598
NATAF chief of administration 647–8
Embry, Group Captain Basil, to Tedder on Malta needs 178–9
Empire Hawksbill, exploded by U-564 300–3
Empire Oil, sunk 547
Endrass, Kapitänleutnant Englebert, U-567 86
and convoy HG76 134–5, 136
Engle, Lieutenant Geoff 610
Enigma machine & codes captured 5
Enigma signals decrypted 65
Enigma traffic, ‘Ultra’ 33
decrypts 90, 119, 228, 364, 602–3
traffic made undecipherable 358–9, 563
Ersatzheer (Reserve Army) 24
Esquire magazine and Army uniforms 37–8
Essen, successfully bombed 660
Esteva, Amiral Jean-Pierre, Tunisia, fails to act 538
Evacuation Soviet (Stalin) 113
Evans, Lieutenant Warren ‘Bing’, Rangers 325–7, 385, 626
and Dieppe Raid 349
TORCH first wave 460, 487
Algeria/Tunisia 451
and Fort du Nord 516, 517
Dernaia Pass 633
on Patton 663
finds Centauro Division 665–6
Evelegh, General Vyvyan 564
Evening Standard 293
Fairbanks, Lieutenant Douglas Jr xxvii
USN Task Force 4 66–7
on USS Ludlow 93
on USS Mississippi 118–19
on USS Wichita 304–6
on Wasp 216–17
Far East 130–1, 137, 162–4, 231–2
see also Japan
farming, arable 83–5
volunteer workers 84
Fiehn, Kapitänleutnant Helmut 684
Figli della Lupa 384
Finland
armies join BARBAROSSA 24
and Leningrad 70, 71
Fleet Air Arm
802 Squadron 131–7
and Empire Audacity 73–6
carrier landing training 74–5
Fletcher, Fletch 137
Fletcher, George, shot down by U-131 132
Florida Straits, U-boats successes 221
Focke-Wulf 190 52, 297, 503, 566
test data falsified 98–9
Fokker T.VIII 48
Fondouk Pass 677
Forces françaises libres see Free French
Ford, Edsel 449
Ford, Henry, and B-24 production 449
Fort Dix, 135th Infantry kitted out 168–9
Forward Air Support Links 96
Fougier, Rino 218, 398, 430
Foum Tataouine, Luck takes 623
Franc-Tireur, and Armée Secrète 435
France 410–17
1939–40 4, 6–8, 18
occupied and Vichy France
attitudes to Nazis 199–201
bled dry 411–12
Fascists confused 199–200
French police arrest Jews 197–8
German policing 410–11
Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) 410
Jews, yellow stars/arrest/ deportation 410–11
production
coal miners’ strike 202, 355
German asset-stripping 10
rationing 1941 115
food shortages 411–12
to send Germany food 193, 432
Relève scheme, POWs exchanged for volunteer workers 412–13, 414
post-TORCH 549–52
Germany occupies whole country 436, 550
resistance
Alsatians, listen to de Gaulle 200
Committee of National Liberation 605
multiple French/British intelligence agencies 438–40
resistance groups 412–17
Armée Secrète proposal 435
organization 201–3
uniting 435–7, 438–42, 551–2
Vichy government, unpopular 412
Young Communists assassinate Germans, aftermath 201
see also Free French; Vichy French
Franzisket, Ludwig, on Marseille 263
Fredendall, Major-General Lloyd R. instability 602
and air support 604
and Vichyites 602
Anglophobe 602
Alexander appalled by 642
command decisions insane 625
impractical Tunisia plan 602–3
no combat experience 595
response to Axis attack 625–9
sent home 655–6
Free French
and resistance groups 416–17
intelligence bureaus 438–9
resistance leaders summit 440–2
and Syria 55
and UK 56
Bir Hacheim 237, 414
holding out 244, 249–50, 262, 270–1, 273
break-out 273
Eastern Dorsale, captured 612–13
Foreign Legion
at Bir Hacheim 250
Tunisia 465, 474, 568
part of Allied First Army 613
SAS squadron 343, 605–6, 626
Tunisia, Navy surrenders to Allies 525
Freeman, Air Marshal Sir Wilfrid, Bufton and 406
Frenay, Capitaine Henri xxvii
and Armée Secrète proposal 435–6
and de Gaulle 551–2
and de Gaulle/Giraud issue 549–50
and Jean Moulin 414, 416–17, 440
Combat resistance movement 413–14, 415–17
taken to UK for summit 440–2
on Giraud 511
French Morocco, TORCH 450, 457
fighting continues 524–5
FRESHMAN glider assault, total failure 553–4
Freya radar 35, 298
Freyberg, General Bernard 475, 578
Frisch, Otto, working in US for allies 445
Fröhlich, General Stefan, Fliegerführer Afrika 157
Fromm, General Friedrich, Ersatzheer 24
and atomic bomb research 444
on Panzer guns 375
Fuchs, Ray, 133 Eagle Squadron 451–2
Fuka, Libya
Luftwaffe fuel ferrying 336–7
SAS raids on 345–6
Funck, Generalleutnant Hans Freiherr von 108–9, 118
Gabreski, Francis ‘Gabby’ 43–4
ferry pilot 497–8
315 Polish squadron 621–2
Gafsa–Gabès road 670
Galland, General Adolf 500, 690–1
Gambut, DAF HQ 233, 239, 264, 267
Gariboldi, Generale Italo 241
Garrett, Sam
evacuates tank 470
killed 674
Gatehouse, General Alec, 4th Armoured Brigade 104
Gause, General Alfred 454, 623, 654
and Luck 437–8
Panzerarmee Chief of Staff 225
wounded 265
Gazala Line 228
27 May 1942 map 243
Free French holding out 261–2, 270–1, 274
stages 273
weak defensive boxes 237, 238
GEE radar pulse system 403
Geier, Fred 102
Gelhaus, Harald, U-107 159
Gentile, Don, 133 Eagle Squadron 452
George VI, King
and Clark 487
awards Malta George Cross 179
National Days of Prayer 382
Georgian Military Road 543
Gerhard, Dieter 656–8
Germany
map, 1942 xvi
economic crisis 113–19, 127
economic blockade 5
engineering standards reduction 116
fuel supply 114
synthetic-fuel production 589
food shortage 190–3, 587
agriculture, under-mechanized 9
Eastern Front priority 115
food stocks exhausted 113–14
Wehrmacht-endorsed Hunger Plan 192–3
Nazi economy, Zentrale Planung to reform 184–5
fears hunger-led revolution 192
occupied territories, reparations demands 430–1
foreign relations
and Axis partners, mutual mistrust 430–1
and France see France
and Italy see Italy
and UK 9–10, 11–12
Atlantic Wall project 589–90
reaction to 1,000 Bomber Raid 292, 295
and USSR see Eastern Front; USSR
Eastern Front see Eastern Front
intelligence services, Abwehr 309–10, 313, 318
Operation PASTORIUS, USA terror campaign failure 318
Kriegsmarine
May 1941 5, 12
to sink more UK shipping 72
economic crisis 114, 116
surface fleet, no fuel 114, 117
U-boats crisis 117
procurement 184
improve Enigma machines 358–9, 650
recruitment 385
shipyards, unused steel stockpiles 504
fails to prevent Arctic convoys 576–7
U-boats principal focus 577–81
see also U-boats
Luftwaffe see Luftwaffe
manpower crisis 432–3
manpower shortage 148
Jews, murder, and manpower shortage 148–9
labour force overstretched 189, 191–3
forced labour 191–3
and Eastern POWs 196
‘final solution’ extermination camps 196–8
foreign workers, ill-treated; escaping 432
Nazi state, factions, rivalries mistrust 149
OKH to be more Nazi 141
production/industry
military production 355–7, 432, 494–6
business all to contribute to war effort 588
civilian war work registration 588
coal shortage 355–6
forced labour 496
military procurement control 255–6
profligate/inefficient production 115–17
Zentrale Planung 184–91 steel output/allocation 186–7
Speer Armaments Minister 183–5
OKW Military Economic Office 115, 185
resources shortage 8, 9, 367, 495–6
supply problems 113–19
OKW, War Potential 1942 308, 313
under-mechanized 147, 149
motor industry 24–7
weaponry
aircraft production
Milch’s reforms 295–8
old projects 296
atomic bomb research 443–7, 640
radar systems 298–9, 530–1
Metox 546
tanks
Panzer Mk V, enters production 188
German vs UK tanks, North Africa 372–4
German vs UK weaponry, North Africa 372–3
new designs 375–9
Panther tank, huge & complicated 375–6, 378
Tiger tank, huge & complicated 376–7, 378
panzer production inefficient 588–9
military recruitment/training 384–7, 390, 391–5
recruitment broadened 147–8
officer training 390–1
cultural militarism 393–4
subordinate commander independence 392
Wehrmacht
OKW Army administration 28, 141
HQ Area 2 see Wolf’s Lair
‘Survey of the Overall Situation in Autumn 1942’ 512
and Rommel’s retreat signals 512–13
successes May 1941 1–2
only 25% fully equipped/trained 117
war machine in deep crisis 141–50
and radio 18
special forces, Brandenburgers 24
mechanized forces 24–7
army under-mechanized 8–9, 17
motorized divisions 9
panzer divisions 17–19
shortages/mobility 308–9
breakdowns 29–30
motor vehicles attrition 189–90
dependent on requisitioned/ captured vehicles 190
Reserve Army transport problem 147
war heroes, publicity 329–30
tactical flair 367
spies in North Africa 485
casualty lists discontinued 587
Bewegungskrieg mobile warfare 8
Kesselschlacht encirclement 8
see also Afrikakorps; Eastern Front; specific campaigns
Gestapo
France 410–11
and escaped foreign workers 432
Geyr von Schweppenburg, General Leo 110
Gibraltar route
U-boats 91–3
RN protection 73–6
Gibraltar tunnels 505
Gibson, Alec 601
Gibson, Wing Commander Guy xxvii 29
Squadron 77
106 Squadron
and Lancasters 293–5, 298
Berlin raid with Dimbleby 600
Bremen raid 401–2
leads Essen Krupp mission 599
on going on ops 294–5
nerves 598–601
Stuttgart raid, engine problem 661–2
617 squadron, Scampton 662–3, 684–5
breaches Möhne and Eder dams 705–6
Giffen, Admiral Robert ‘Ike’ 216
and Convoy PQ17 304 Giovani Fascisti 384
Giraud, Général Henri
Vichy North Africa 457, 458
Cunningham on 509
and TORCH 487–8, 549–50, 573
and de Gaulle 605
demands to be Supreme Allied Commander 510–11
C-in-C French forces 538–9
proposed Governor French North Africa 476
standing falls 523–4
starting to co-operate 521
to replace Darlan 574 Gneisenau 47
Goebbels, Dr Josef 707
and increased tank/weapons production 188
and Speer 355, 495
on ‘total war’ 588
Sportpalast speech 590–91
Goodhart, Professor Arthur 428
Goodson, Jim, RCAF
71 Eagle Squadron 79
133 Eagle Squadron 451–3, 686
‘rhubarb’ to Belgium 496–7
Göring, Reichsmarschall Hermann 256, 309
and Luftwaffe
against airborne Malta invasion 215
against BARBAROSSA 44–5
air supplies to Sixth Army inadequate 544
Fortresses not able to reach Berlin 691
Kesselring to ignore north-west Africa warning 513
Marseille and 330–1
on London Blitz ineffective 50
on Udet 52–3
praises Knoke 669
reprimanded about 1,000 Bomber Raid 295–6, 297
contradicts Rommel 454
industry and raw-material allocations 190
and Stumme 455
authorizes ‘final solution’ 196–8
broadcast to nation delayed by RAF 585
not made Armaments Minister 183–4
speech on National Resurrection 585–6
Gotenhafen (Gdynia) Training Division (2ULD) 576
Gott, General, South African Division 277
declines C-in-C Middle East 331–2
appointed Eighth Army command, killed by Axis 332–3
Grant tanks 244, 245
Greece 11
German reparations demands 430
Hitler bleeding dry 399
overrun by May 1941 1, 6
Santaniello on 435
shortages 87–8, 260
Greek ‘Sacred Squadron’, SAS 605–6
Grenadier Hill, audience at 698
Griotteray, Alain
and Orion 201, 412
Griotteray, Andrée xxvii, 411
and Orion 200–1, 412
on deteriorating conditions 200
stealing blank ID cards 201
GROUSE 552–4
Gruenther, Brigadier-General Al 457
Gruner, Werner 188
Guadalcanal 580
Guam, Japan takes 137
Guantanamo to Halifax convoys 162
Guderian, General Heinz 17
takes Smolensk 28, 30
and Ukraine success 67
and Moscow objective 69
at Orel 109–10
sacked for Moscow withdrawal 145–6
Inspector General of Armoured Troops 588
OKH Chief of General Staff 675
Gufflet, Capitaine René, buried Bir Hacheim 596
Gulf of Mexico, no convoys 221
GUNNERSIDE Norwegian sabotage team 630–4
Gurkha troops, 4th Indian Division 418, 698
Guthrie, Woody, on Reuben James 99
Gypsies, extermination 196
Hahn, Otto, and atomic bomb research 444
Halder, General Franz von (OKH) 22
at Mauerwald 109
Chief of Staff 141, 142
on BARBAROSSA success 28
on Hitler micro-managing 29, 147, 311
on hubris 150
on losses since BARBAROSSA 432
on Moscow objective 68
on OKW goal to defeat UK 71–2
sacked 432
Halfaya Pass 554
Halifax bomber, Lent on 299
Hambro, Sir Charles, on de Gaulle and Giraud 549
Hanover banana boat becomes Empire Audacity carrier 73
Hanto, Harald, Oslo resistance group 204
Hardangervidda 447, 459, 552–4, 636–40
Hardy, Ted xxvii, 467, 474
Harriman, Averell 125
and Anti-U-Boat Warfare Committee 583–4
on Middle East supply situation 54
USSR aid conference 82
Harris, Air Marshal Arthur, C-in-C Bomber Command 173–5, 368
all-out strategic air offensive 659–63
and Pathfinder Force 403–7
approves Bar to Gibson’s DSO 662
Bomber Command expansion 401–7
demanding more bombers 175
new aircraft 293–4
mass bombing raids 282, 319, 400–2
first 1,000 Bomber Raid 292–3, 319
begins all-out bomber campaign 591
orders more Ruhr bombing 706
Haugland, Leutnant Knut
escapes to UK 205
Operation GROUSE 446–7, 459–60, 552–3, 636–40
Healey, Gray 599
Hedgehog xxii, 532, 681, 683
Heinkel 177 impractical 51, 296–7, 503
Heinkel, Ernst, removed from control 296
Heisenberg, Werner, atomic bomb research 444–5, 640
Helberg, Sergeant Claus, finds safe access route 638
Herrmann, Major Hajo xxvii
bombs Convoy PQ17 305
Condor Legion 48
Piraeus raid 48
operations officer at IX. Fliegerkorps 48–9
Heydrich, Obergruppenführer Reinhard 618
‘final solution’ 196–8
assassinated 253–4
high-frequency direction finding HF/DF 33
Highland 51st Division
moved north 481
pushes forward with pipes 474
cuts through Tel el Aqqaqir minefields 492
Hill, Sidney, 609 Squadron 78
Himmler, Heinrich 22
Hipper, and Convoy PQ17 304
Hitler, Adolf
obsessed about flanks 29
on Luftwaffe 45
and UK 9–11
on 1,000 Bomber Raid 295–6
and Milch 99
moves U-boats from North Atlantic 103
and economic crisis 115, 116–17
outlines new strategy to Japanese Ambassador 125–7, 185–6
and Italians 335
meets with Mussolini, Ciano and Cavallero 213–15
offers Ciano Mediterranean support 89
and North Africa
orders Malta destroyed 177
shelves Malta plan 282
promises to Rommel 454
sends Rommel back to front 480
orders Rommel to fight on 491
demands Tripoli & Benghazi defences shored up 513
dismisses north-west Africa warning 513–16
and Rommel’s retreat signals 513
orders Tunis defence 534
plans to drive Allies back to Casablanca 617
rejects Axis planned withdrawal to Tunis bridgehead 654
Luck refused audience 675
Tunisia to be held at all costs 668–9
and USA
declares war on 125–7, 130
Pearl Harbor reaction 125–7
orders U-boats to US east coast 154–5
and USSR
plans 10, 12–13, 21–2
and Ukraine success 67
and Moscow objective 67–9
told USSR war now unwinnable 112
Caucasus oilfields 185–6
and Leningrad 313–15
makes himself Army C-in-C 141
and Halder 142
plans for summer offensive 213–15
micro-managing 309, 311, 314–15
interference in strategy 28–9
Marseille and 230–1
on coal production 356
on Panzer guns 375
armaments drive optimism 495
orders reinforcements to Crete 516
and Atlantic Wall 513
Suhren explains submarines to 530
to Munich Löwenbräukeller 534
decrees complete mobilization of German people 588
plans Operation ZITADELLE 690
Hitler Youth 384, 393
Hong Kong, Japan takes 137
Hopkins, Harry xxvii, 258, 322
visits Churchill & Stalin 32–3, 36
on Moscow air raid 50
on USSR front 254–5
at Casablanca 578–84
Horrocks, General Brian
IX corps 697
X Corps 664–5
Tuker and 670
waits for air cover 676
XIII Corps 420
Horton, Admiral Sir Max
Western Approaches Command 548
Support Groups to hunt U-boats 649–50
Hoth, General Hermann 28, 30
Hotz, Oberstleutnant Karl, military commander Nantes 202
Howze, Lieutenant-Colonel Hamilton, 1st Armored Division 624–7, 663
Hunter, Brigadier-General ‘Monk’ 496
Hurricanes
as tank busters 235
escort first Arctic convoy 82
supplied to USSR 113
Hussein Sirry Pasha, Egyptian PM 55
Iceland
Hurricanes, Arctic convoys 82
southern waters, Coastal Command clears 65
USS Ludlow at 93–4
IG Farben factory Auschwitz 198
India
and independence 34
Japanese threat 282, 283
Indian Army
Divisional Signals Regiment 417–19
Ordnance Corps 417
Service Corps 417
4th Division
on Alamein Line 417–20
extended holding role 481
at Mareth Line 670
Matmata Hills crossing 670
south of Wadi Akarit 676
5th Division
cuts through Tel el Aqqaqir minefields 492
Indian Ocean, Allied shipping 580
Indochina, Japan takes 121, 122
Ingersoll, Admiral Royal E., CINCLANT 160
Iran
Anglo-Russian invasion 57
German nationals in 57
oilfields, Axis new objective 186
Iraq 55
oilfields, Axis new objective 186
Tenth Army 58
Ismay, General Hastings 322
Italy
Germany and 1941 11
bombed by RAF 87
naval losses/successes 156
ships sunk 399
shipping capacity/problems 455–6
submarines off Brazilian coast 160
Hitler and 213–15
and Malta 215, 218–19
Eighth Army (Italy)
at Russian front 241
infantry, at front 251
Stalingrad, broken, overrun 575
shortages 260–1
resources 11
poor rations & low morale 87–8
medical supplies shortage 266
no benefit from Balkans & Greece 338–9
military training 384, 390
North Africa 95
Motorized Corps lets Rommel down 106
XXI Corps
Crüwell to command feint 223–5, 228
feint 240–1
attack Free French at Bir Hacheim 244
make way out of Cauldron 251
Folgore Paracadutisti 337–8
short of everything at Jebel Kalakh 339
supplies to Panzerarmee 240–1
food & water short 433
Rommel on 454
Alamein 466
Division, at Miteiriya Ridge 466
infantry, falling back 472
tanks attack Riflemen 483–4
heading west 491–2
Tunisia
Secret Service, north-west Africa warning 513
Special Brigade, from Tripoli to Tunisia 537
Nizza Armoured Reconnaissance Battalion 554–5
Trieste Division 564
man Mareth Line 623
Italian Panzer Army
attack on Eighth Army, fails 651–3
falls back, bombarded 653–4
outflanked via Tebaga Gap 665
falls back to Wadi Akarit 675–6
Centauro Division, taken prisoner 666
nearing defeat 707
Izyum salient 247–8
Red Army takes 590
Japan
seeks overseas possessions 120–3
1939 drought 121
aggression 34
and Germany, Italy, Tripartite Pact 1940 121–2
raw materials shortage 121
USA trade treaty lapse 1940 121
USSR non-aggression pact 1941 122
war with China 121
Hirohito, appoints Tojo PM 123
rapid war strategy agreed 123
advances 231
attacks Pearl Harbor 119, 120, 123–4
holds Indochina (Vietnam) 121
sinks UK battleships 130–1
successes 162–3
threat to Madagascar 231
Ambassador, Italy 431
USN destroys carriers 254
US plans operations against 579, 580
Jebel Kalakh, 2 Paracadutisti at 339
Jeeps 168
Jeschonnek, General Hans 49
jet engines, Messerschmitt and 53
Jever, JG1 base 664–6, 656–8
Jewish people
anti-Semitism rife throughout Europe 197–8
extermination 196–8
Hitler on Jewish–Bolshevik intelligentsia 22
deportations to Auschwitz begin 198
and manpower shortage 148
Djerba island 617–19
France
Vichy anti-Semitism 197–8
yellow stars/arrest/deportation 410–11
Poland, Backe ends food ration for 193
Tunis, Vichy forced labour 618
Jock Columns 238, 249, 420
Jodl, General Alfred (OKW) 21, 68
Führer’s will supreme law 513
on USA deployment 130
Jones, Dr R.V., bomber stream tactic to overcome Himmelbett 298
Joseph N. Teal, Liberty ship 448–50
Ju52 transport aircraft 53
Judenreferat office 411
Juin, Général Alphonse
Vichy C-in-C North Africa, taken 519
Eastern Dorsale, expects German action 612–13
Junker, tighter financial control 296
Junkers 88, failure 51
Ju88c long-range aircraft 546
renamed Ju188 to impress enemy 503
Kabrit, SAS training 62
Kaiser, Edgar, Liberty ships 361–2, 448
Kaiser, Henry xxvii
builds Argentia naval base 219
Liberty ships fast production 101, 361
new steel plant 361
shipyards 448–9
Kammhuber, General Josef, XII. Fliegerkorps 35
reprimands Knoke 669
Kammhuber Line, overcome by bomber stream tactic 298
Karkur 59
Kasserine
14–22 Feb 1943, map 628
offensive 624–36
called off 635–6
Rommel heads for 549
US 1st Armored holds 632–3
Keitel, General Wilhelm 513, 588
and OKW Army administration 141
Kellett, Colonel Edward ‘Flash’ 58–9, 470
killed 667, 668
Kellner, Kapitänleutnant Adolf, U-357, sunk 571
Kennedy, Major-General John xxvii, 322
on Far East resources 163
War Office Director Military Operations 274
mistaken on poor quality UK tanks 372–3
on Harris mass bombing raids 282–3
Kent State University 42
Kesselring, Feldmarschall Albert xxvii, 265
commands Axis Mediterranean forces 88, 91
and Italians 335, 624
and Operation FRÜHLINGSWIND 624
approves Arnim evacuation plan 675
attack on Eastern Dorsale 612–13
Malta
directive 177, 179–80
on Italy, and Malta 215
losses 218
plan shelved by Hitler 281
attacks loses half force 456
on need to fight on 691
on north-west Africa warning 513–14
on Tunisia 617
sends forces to Tunis 537
Key West
New York convoys 162
U-boats 221
Kharkov captured 112, 247, 308
Red Army takes 590
Kidney Ridge 481, 482–5
Kiev
Germans capture USSR armies 67
Kimmel, Admiral Husband 120
King, Admiral Ernest
promoted C-in-C US Fleet 160
Pacific suggestion 323
advocates hitting Japan 580
organizing US convoy system 160–2
shifts Atlantic routes south 160–1
Kirchner, Hans-Hellmuth, seaplane pilot 47–8, 336–7
Kittyhawks, DAF 227, 232, 235, 263, 264
Kleist, Army Group South 29
1. Panzerarmee, attacks Izyum salient 247–8
and Ukraine success 67
Kluge, Feldmarschall Günther von 144, 147
Knoke, Leutnant Heinz xxviii
shipping patrols for Kriegsmarine 46–7
cultural militarism 393–4
Me109G test pilot at Jever 500–2
Leutnant Heinz, on Stalingrad 584
and USAAF Liberator daytime raid 644–6
tests Gerhard’s bombing bombers idea 668–70
praised by Göring 669
and Bremen attack Fortresses 687
Knoller, Freddie 410–11
on French police arresting Jews 197–8
gets better ID card 198
Knox, Frank 67
Knudsen, Bill xxviii, 193–5, 361–2
and Victory Program 100–2
Director of War Production 139–40
on war production 139–40
military production increase 255
Kommandos der SiPo-SD (Kds) 410
König, Général Pierre 249
Free French at Bir Hacheim 237
refuses to surrender 261–2
orders break-out 273
Konoe, Fumimaro, seeks peace with USA, resigns 122–3
Korea, Japanese-controlled 121
Körner, Paul, and Zentrale Planung 184–5
Kretschmer, Otto 683
Kreutz, Josef, on Lentz 330
Krupp hospital Essen, on civilian weight loss 114
Kuala Lumpur, taken 162
Kuter, Brigadier-General Larry
Coningham’s deputy 604
and army attitude to air support 604–5
and tactical air power doctrine 631–7
and Alexander 646–7
and Coningham/Patton row 678–9
on Allied air attacks 687–8
operation FLAX 689
La Fauconnerie Axis airfield 691
Labbé, Paul, Orion resistance network 201
Lake Ladoga 70, 313
Lallemand (Belgian pilot) 169
Lamb, ‘Sheepy’ 74
and Condor 133
rescued by Convolvulus 136
Lamm, Unteroffizier Adolf 506–7, 589
and 15. Panzerdivision retreat 506–7
panzer abandoned at Tobruk 554, 557
rejoins tank unit 565
injured 652
prisoner 699
Lammers, Hans 588
Lampson, Sir Miles 55
Lancaster bombers 174, 293–4, 403
Land Girls 84, 358
Landing Craft Assaults (LCAs) 322
Landing Craft Ships 322
Latin America, proto-Nazis 67
Lauring, Kolbein, Oslo resistance group 204
Laval, Pierre, Vichy PM
at Wolf’s Lair 575
not told of all-France occupation plan 536
and women & children deportation 411
Relève scheme 413, 414, 433
Laycock, Colonel Bob 60–2
Layforce 8 Commando unit 60–2
Lebanon 56
Lee, Mary 67
Leeb, Feldmarschall Wilhelm Ritter von, overruns Baltic states 27
Leese, General Sir Oliver XXX Corps 420, 664, 666–7
Leeuwarden, 4/NJG1 35
Légion des volontaires français (LVF) 199, 413
Leigh Lights 286
Leigh, Vivien 66
Leigh-Mallory, Air Vice-Marshal Trafford 81
Lemnitzer, Brigadier-General Lyman xxviii, 476
Leningrad
defenders
surrounded 70–1
conditions 142–4
log & ice roads 143
holding out 313–15
front 142–4
OKW destruction plan 70–1, 185–6
population, OKW plans for 70–1
prioritized 29
Army Group North to take 214
Operation NORDLICHT fails 314–15
Leningrad Philharmonic, broadcasts Shostakovich 7 314
Lent, Hauptmann Helmut xxviii
commands 4/NJG1 35–6
commands II./NJG2 298
and Lichtenstein onboard radar set 299
awarded Oak Leaves 329–30
Lent, Lena 329
Les Petites Ailes de France, becomes Combat 414
Levy, Jean-Pierre, and Armée Secrète proposal 435–6
Lewes, Jock 60, 62, 343
Libération, Combat, Franc-Tireur, to form Armée Secrète 435–6
Liberators, Very Long Range (VLR) B-24 286
Liberty ships (British designed) 102–3, 448–9, 580
fast production 361–2, 545, 548
Libya 57
May 1941 6
Italian supplies shortage 88
Rommel in 88–9
Luftwaffe ferrying fuel from Greece 336–7
Luftwaffe shipping support 48
campaign over 616
Lichtenstein onboard radar set 299
Lien, PFC Mel 519
Linge, Martin, SOE-backed Company 207–8, 446
Lippe-Weissenfeld, Leutnant Egmont Prinz zur 35
List, General von, Army Group A 311, 315
Lofoten Islands, Commando raid March 1941 204
Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) 60, 98, 343, 425
Longstop Hill (Djebel el Almara)
Germans take 567–8
UK attack fails 568–9
RCT 2/18, decimated 569
lessons learned 594
UK 78th Division clears 696
Lörzer, General Bruno, Malta doubts 219
Louisiana Maneuvers 39–40, 595
Luchaire, Corinne xxviii, 201, 412
Luck, Major Hans von xxviii
Eastern Front
7. Panzerdivision HQ, Army Group Centre 30
Moscow objective 108–9
retreats from Yakhroma 118
North Africa 565
DAK 3rd Reconnaissance Battalion 225, 242
halted, wounded 245
wounded, evacuated 266
on Berlin 437
returns to desert 437–8
patrolling Siwa & Giarabub 507–8
and Italian Nizza Battalion 554–5
and UK reconnaissance patrols 554–5
and 164th Light Division 616
takes Foum Tataouine 623
unable to take Kasserine Pass 633
on Rommel’s departure 654–5
Arnim sends to Hitler with evacuation plan 675
Luftwaffe
air defence, map xix
Staffeln/Gruppen numbering xxxiii
Battle of Britain defeat 10, 11, 20
and USAAF daylight attacks 584
II. Fliegerkorps, in Sicily 156
massed higher-level bombing 177–9
night-fighters
and 1,000 Bomber Raid 295–6
successes/problems 297–9
XII. Fliegerkorps 35
as tactical force 49, 367–8
overstretched 44–54
scale/growth issues 45
not targeting bombers 236, 424
technology
‘Y’ System ultra-short-wave radios 500
centralized control system 500–1
flak units improvements 297–8
Himmelbett zone defensive sectors 35–6, 298
Jumping Jacks anti-personnel mines 561
radar
Himmelbett system 500
Nachtjagd, Lichtenstein onboard system 500–1
Würzburg-Riese system 500
repair depot Benina, SAS blows up 343
XII. Fliegerkorps Experimental Unit 500
procurement 184
aircraft-supply issues 50–4
economic crisis 114–15, 117
lack of transport aircraft 53
new aircraft problems 502–4
recruitment 385
pilots demoralized 79, 425
units half strength 308–9
Eastern Front
to bomb Moscow 29
to support Finnish advance 29
Urals inaccessible 313
Malta 175–6, 218, 352, 456
Mediterranean Front 690–1
North Africa 95
Libya shipping support 48
reinforced 226
JG27 226–7
ferrying fuel to Libya from Greece 336–7
SAS raids on 341–6
Ju52 transports, SAS destroy 346
shortages/ground issues 425
aircrew training lacking 425
attacks Sherwood Rangers 475
Tunisia
shadowing Eastern Task Force 509
supports German troops 541–2
bombs Allied positions 561, 564, 566
air bridge to Axis Tunis 597
Lumsden, Major-General Herbert 252
Lyons, KdS 550–1
Lyttelton, Moira
Cairo to London via Brazzaville, Lisbon & Poole 210–11
Lyttelton, Oliver xxviii, 255
Minister of State for Middle East 54–58
Auchinleck and Churchill communication 57–8
Minister of Production 210–13
Combined Production and Resources Board 257–8
on workload/hours 212–13
update on war production & weaponry 370–81
on 3.7-inch guns 480
M1 Garand rifle 39, 168
M1 helmets 36–7, 168
M3 Grant tanks 212
M1941 field jacket 38
Maassen, Franz 385, 386–7, 394
Macchi 202s 235
Macintyre, Commander Donald xxviii, 547, 569–71, 681–4, 700–5
5th Escort Group 65
HMCS Walker 166
at Argentia 167
HMS Hesperus 358–60
B2 Escort Group, monotony 453
U-boat search 569–71
on mid-ocean refuelling 682
praises Support Group 684
expecting attack astern 700
attacks U-223 701–4
sinks U-186 704
Madagascar, UK takes from Vichy French 231
Magini, Colonello Publio xxviii, 398–9
Mahlke, Major Helmut xxviii, 46
Maikop
captured 311
Red Army takes 590
Maisky, Ivan, arranges Hopkins/Stalin meeting 32
Maison Blanche, RAF at 540
Maknassy, Axis pulls out 677
Malaya, losses, Allies public view 316
Malaya, taken 162
Malta
10th Submarine Flotilla 47, 90
and Axis Libya supply 176, 179–80
returns 339
Lyttelton visits 55
forces hammer Axis convoys 88
awarded George Cross 179
offensive strength 90
supplying/defending 177–80
March convoy sunk in harbour 178
defence mismanagement 178–80
Allies reinforce 216–19
Spitfires to 216
II. Fliegerkorps threat to 156
Axis invasion 215, 218–19
Hitler orders destroyed 177
II. Fliegerkorps attacks 175–6, 179
Luftwaffe losses 218
liberation
Park regains air superiority 339
critical shortages relieved 351–3
Mammut radar, improved Freya 298–9
Manchuria, Japan takes 1931 121
Mangal Singh, Corporal, signals lineman xxix, 418–19
Manila, Japan takes 137
manned torpedoes damage RN ships 156
Manstein, Feldmarschall Erich von
and NORDLICHT 314
to counter-attack Red Army 543–4
forces close to Sixth Army 575
re-takes Kharkov 690
Manus, Max, Oslo resistance group 204
Maori Battalion fights Italians at Takrouna 694
Marcello, Pierre, gets Knoller ID card 198
Marchese, Luigi xxix
2 Regimento Paracadutisti 337, 338–9
on Alam Halfa failure 366
Western Desert, food & water short 433–4
and Montgomery’s opening barrage 467
moving to Jebel Kalakh 490
surrender 507
Marchesi, Generale Vittorio, Regia Aeronautica 157
Mareth Line 603, 642, 670–4
Eighth Army advancing to 617
Axis behind 622–3, 654
Montgomery’s plan 664–5
Marseille, Hans-Joachim, fighter ace 226–8, 236, 501
and Buckland 262–3
awarded Oak Leaves and Swords 330–1
friend Matthias 330
attacks DAF fighters 366
burned out 424–7
fights 6 Spitfires 426
killed by own aircraft 427
Marshall, General George C. xxix, 457, 460
and uniforms 37
and invasion plans 230–1
on developing second front 269–70
and Eisenhower 270, 603
and north-west Africa invasion plan 322–4
on dismissing inadequate officers 622
Martell, Leutnant Ludwig 686
Martin, Sergeant Albert 2nd Battalion, Rifle Brigade xxix, 95, 98, 324
advance on Sidi Rezegh 105
chasing Rommel 106–7
at Burg el Arab 419
at Retma Box 242, 244
on German losses 251
at El Adem 278
and Battle of Alam Halfa 365
and training 391
and Montgomery’s opening barrage 466–7, 468
on 51st Highlanders advance 474
night attack towards Kidney Ridge 482–5
Minefield Task Force 488
cold, wet, bogged down 506
Tunisia
at Tebaga Gap 673
on working with IX Corps 694–5
Martlets, Fleet Air Arm, 802 Squadron 74–6, 131–7
Mast, Général Charles, Vichy Algiers 458–9
distrusts Darlan and Navy 476
successful Algiers coup 519
Oran operation 520
proposed Deputy Chief of Staff AEF 476
Matmata Hills 622–3, 664–5, 670
Matthias (Marseille’s friend) 330, 425, 427
Mauser MG42 multipurpose machine gun 188, 381, 495
Mayne, Paddy, SAS raids 344–6
Mazzacuto, Walter xxix
Calliope 455–6
Corsaro 339
McColpin, Red, 133 Eagle Squadron 452
McCord Radiator Company, M1 helmets 37
McCreery, Dick 486
McNair, General Leslie 38–9
Medenine
Mareth Line defence 622–3
Axis on Eighth Army, fails 651–3
Mediterranean 175–80, 445–6
Mediterranean, 1939 map xiv
Fleet Force K, and Axis Libya supply 176
Allied Air Command 603–4
Germany and 6, 12
Luftwaffe with Kriegsmarine 47
strategy for 72
U-boats added to 103
Axis shipping losses 362
Hitler fears Allied attacks north 536
not opened up 579
Mediterranean Front (Hitler) 690–700
Medjerda Valley, key to Tunis 567–8
German attack 567
First Army UK objective 694
battle 694–700
Meiji Revolution 1868 120
Mellenthin, General Friedrich von 455
merchant ships
types xxiii
cumulative gains and losses 711
losses from U-boats action tabulation 713
Mers-el-Kébir 323
Messe, Generale Giovanni 241, 261, 271
on Germans and Red Army 271
replaces Rommel 617
attack on Eighth Army, fails 651–3
defends Tebaga Gap 665
reinforces Tebaga Gap 667
falls back to Wadi Akarit 675–7
withdraws from Mareth Line 674
Messerschmitt
Me109
hard to fly 451
procurement 98
Kittyhawks outdive 235
attack USAAF 97th 609–10
Me109E Emil 502
Me109F 53
desert superiority 227
Messerschmitt ignores 116
Me109G Gustavs, catch fire 501–3
DB605 engines overheat 297, 502–3
Me110 ‘Zerstörer’, failure 51
Me210, not fit for purpose 51–2, 503
Me262 jet, development 53
Messerschmitt Friedrich 502
Messerschmitt, Professor Willi 52, 53, 296
Meuse crossing, Balck leads 17
MG34 machine gun 116, 188
MG42 multipurpose machine gun 188, 495
Middle East
1939 map xiv
Lyttelton Minister of State 54–58
supply situation 54–60
divisions sent to Far East 163
command changes 332–3
Bomber Command and 402
see also North Africa
Middle East Defence Committee 55
on possible German USSR breakthrough 275–6
Middle East War Council 55
Midway Island 120
USN defeats Japanese Navy 254, 580
Mihailović, Colonel Draža 338
Milch, Feldmarschall Erhard xxix, 45, 256
prepares for USSR winter 49
aircraft procurement 52–3, 98–9
and Zentrale Planung 184–5
aircraft-production reform 295–7
and 1,000 Bomber Raid 297
and atomic bomb research 444
and FW190 problems 503
resources shortages 504
aircraft-production revolution 707
military recruitment/training 384–97
Military Academy of Medicine, on civilian hunger 114
Milorg, secret preparations 204
Minefield Task Force 488
Minnesota National Guard 40
Möhne dam, breached 705–6
Molotov, Vyacheslav
on USSR front 254–5
urges Allies 1943 second front 268–70
Monsen, Gestapo informer 615
Montgomery, General Bernard 382–3
intolerance 559
no tactical flair 559–60
on smoking 231
Eighth Army command 332–3, 419–21
common sense 347
plans Rommel defeat 347–8
prepared for Rommel attack 364–6
prepares offensive 367
on Eighth Army training 383–4, 395
Martin on 419
attack on Axis
Operation LIGHTFOOT 463–75, 478–87
begins land battle 461–2
reinforces Australian advance 475
on win by force of numbers 478
fire plan 479
forces to north 480–1
Phase 2, SUPERCHARGE 486, 488–93, 505–9
over-cautious, allows Panzerarmee escape 556–7
refuses to support DAF Panzerarmee pursuit 558
plans El Agheila attack 558–9
plans to leave Tripoli to First Army 558–9
Tunisia
Tripoli conference 630–2
Eighth Army to Mareth Line 642
attack on Mareth Line 664–8
tries to reach Tunis via Enfidaville 694
Moore, Eve, Gibson’s wife 600–1
Moore, Vice-Admiral Sir Henry 306
Moorehead, Alan
reports CRUSADER offensive 104–5
on Cairo command changes 333
in North Africa 593–4
on de Gaulle and Giraud 605
Moquet, Guy, Young Communist, executed 202
Morocco, Western Task Force 518, 520, 521–5
Morshead, General Leslie, Australian commander 331
Moscow
Zhukov defends 70, 112–13, 315
80 USSR divisions 112
aid-to-Russia conference 82
British-made tanks 113, 117
German attack
Luftwaffe to bomb 29
retreat from 118–19
to be obliterated 186
no further attempt on 214
Moscow–Volga Canal 109
Mouchotte, René, 341 Alsace squadron 620, 685–6
Moulin, and Free French intelligence bureaus 438–9
Moulin, Jean
resistance groups organization 202–3
and Free French 203
trying to unite resistance groups 416–17
and Frenay 414, 416–17
to chair Co-ordinating Committee 440–2
Mountbatten, Vice-Admiral Lord Louis, head of Combined Ops 326
Mowat, Lieutenant Farley xxix
Battle School 388
Hasty Ps 327–9
Müller, Hauptsturmführer Rolf, Lyons KdS 550
Müncheberg, Joachim, JG26 79–80
Murmansk, Arctic convoys 82
Murphy, Robert D. 476, 523
on Vichy North Africa 457–8
on Darlan 487–8
on Darlan & Juin 523
Murray, Admiral Leonard, Canadian Northwest Atlantic Command 650
Murrow, Ed, unhappy with Darlan Deal 539
Mussolini, Benito
sending men to Eastern Front 87, 341
hard times 86–7
meets with Hitler 213–14
anti-German tone 335
on German political stupidity 430–1
on North Africa offensive 241
on Tobruk victory 281
and Magini 398
on Tripoli 617
Tunisia to be held at all costs 688–9
popularity waning 707
Mutschmann, Martin, belief in Hitler 576
Naples, bombed by RAF 87
NATAF 646, 689
Nehring, General Walther, wounded 364
Neill, Pilot Officer Ken xxix
RNZAF, 225 Squadron 540–1, 561–2, 565–6
Nelson, Don xxix, 361
heads SPAB 101
director of WPB 139
head of WPB, decisions final 193–5
and military procurement 255–8
Combined Production and Resources Board 258
Netherlands, Dutch police round up Jews 198
Neumann, Hauptmann Edu 226–7, 427
and Marseille 330, 331
Neva River 70, 71
New York Times 102, 584
New Zealand Division 481
Canal Zone 62
destroys Ariete artillery 288
to push south from Miteiriya Ridge 474
at Tebaga Gap 667, 673, 674
Maori Battalions fight Italians at Takrouna 694
Newfoundland Escort Force, RCN 64, 65
Newfoundland naval base 164
newsreels, on military production 3
Niven, David 66, 216
Noble, Admiral Percy 548
Noguès, Général Charles
succeeds Darlan, orders ceasefire 524
Governor of French Morocco 538
not trusted 573
Norden bombsight 41–2
Norrie, General Willoughby, XXX Corps 239
delegates Operation ABERDEEN 268
urges finish Afrikakorps 252
North Africa 95–8, 156–9, 222–8, 232–46, 248–53, 261–8, 270–8, 280–4, 287–91, 299, 324, 332–3, 335–48, 354, 362–66, 382–4, 454–5, 461–2, 463–75, 478–93, 505–9, 554–60, 564–5, 591, 592–8, 616–19
see also Tunisia
strategic importance 89–90
Western Desert
exploration/navigation 59–60, 506
Western Desert Force, now Eighth Army 58
weapons
anti-aircraft guns, ineffectual 142–3
anti-tank guns, pre-eminent desert weapon 158
3.7-inch gun underused 372
German vs UK tanks 372–5
German vs UK weaponry 371–2
and Mediterranean, Hitler on 215
Axis 424–7
Panzerarmee pursuit map 276–7
Churchill discussion 274–6
losses, Allies public view 316
RAF complement 174–5
Wellingtons
night-bombers, attack Afrikakorps 290, 364–6
SAS raids 341–6
SAS raids, map 342
supplies Casablanca on 579–84
Western Desert 104–7, 417–24, 433–5, 437–8
North African Tactical Air Force (NATAF) 646, 688–9
see also specific forces and engagements
North West Africa, Operation TORCH 321–4, 334–5, 428, 450, 457–9, 460, 504–5, 509–11, 514–25
timing 383–4
troops training for 460
meeting with Vichy French 475–7
Allied armies en route 487–8, 504–5, 509–11
8–10 November map 514–15
Allied landings 511, 514–25
Naval Forces, U-boats threat 505
airborne operation transport failure 520–1
Central Task Force landings 509, 511, 516–17
Eastern Task Force 509
Luftwaffe shadowing 509
lands Algiers, takes Sidi Ferruch 518–19, 521
Western Task Force (USA)
Atlantic storm hits 505–6
lands Morocco 517, 520, 521–5
Axis and 535–8
negotiations 538–9
pushes into Tunisia 539–43
North, Maggie, Gibson’s girlfriend 600–1
North Sea, U-boats protect Norway 103
Norway 203–9, 613–16
GROUSE 447, 459, 552–4
merchant fleet, and Allies 204
Milorg 204
SOE banknote forgery 442–3
Telemark region 447, 459–60
Vemork heavy-water (deuterium oxide) plant 443–7, 551–4
Novello, Ivor 216
Nuremberg, building projects 182
O’Connor, General 341
O’Hare, Butch 498
Oberg, Gruppenführer Karl, Gestapo 410
Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) 18
Oboe radar system 403
Offenberg, Flight Lieutenant Jean xxix 609 Squadron 78, 80–1, 169–70 accidental death 170
Office of Production Management (OPM) 100–2
oil supply, tabulation 714
oilfields, Axis new objective 186
Oksnevad, Toralv 443
Olivier, Laurence 66
Oran
harbour, heavy resistance overcome 520
La Senia airfield 541
TORCH transport failure 520–1
TORCH proposed landings 350
UK TORCH troops 450
USAAF Spitfire squadrons land 522
Ordzhonikidze 543
Orel, III. Panzerkorps at 109–10
Organization Todt Channel Island labour force 590
Orion resistance network 201, 412
Oslo resistance group, Vi vil oss et land 204
Pacific 217, 254
US Atlantic warships withdrawn to 163
US shipping/naval forces 580–1
Palestine 55
Ninth Army 58
Sherwood Rangers 58–9
USAAF 66th Fighter Squadron 421
Paris 410–12
French police arrest Jews 197–8
Park, Air Vice-Marshal Keith 81
in Malta 339
Parsons, Major-General J. K., and uniforms 37–8, 168
Parti français national-collectiviste 199
Passy, Colonel 551
Patterson, Pat 137
Patton, Major-General George S.
Western Task Force ground forces 517–18, 520–2
on Casablanca naval battle 521–2
marches into Casablanca 524–5
forces remain in French Morocco 539
Tripoli conference 630
and tactical air power doctrine 632
commander US II Corps 656, 663–4
thinks troops too defensive 664–6
II Corps, eastward march 665
to take Maknassy 670
at Gafsa–Gabès road 671–2
on II Corps 678
row with Coningham over air cover 678–9
to lead US forces in Sicily 680
Paulus, General Friedrich
Sixth Army 311
to Stalingrad 315
trapped near Stalingrad 543
gets fraction of needed supplies 544
ordered to stand firm 544, 575–6
captured 586
Pavia Division 335
Pearce, Lieutenant Dick xxix
HMCS Arvida 164–5, 546–7
Pearl Harbor, Japan attacks 119, 120, 124–5
US reaction 124
Peenemünde 296
Percival, General Arthur, Singapore surrender 162
Persian Gulf secured 57
Pétain, Maréchal Philippe
decrees anti-Semitic laws 197
leadership expected 199
sacks Darlan, names Noguès successor 524
Petolicchio 466
Phair, Maurice, killed 599
Philippines, attacked 137, 162
Pienaar, General Dan 331
disobeys attack command 277
Pierre 410
Pierse, Air Marshal Sir Richard, C-in-C Bomber Command, on civilian bombing 171
Pineau, Christian, Libération-Nord, and de Gaulle 415, 415–16
Placentia Bay, Churchill/Roosevelt meeting 1941 32, 33–5, 127
Player, Donny 700
Pleiger, Paul
and Zentrale Planung 185
coal production 356
Ploesti oilfields 338, 536
Axis new objective 186
main German effort 214
no German infrastructure to exploit 312–13
Poland 10
Jews, Backe ends food ration for 193
intelligentsia, extermination 196
to send Germany food 432
Polish squadrons, RAF 78
Porsche, Ferdinand 377
Portal, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles xxix, 332, 368, 402
on bombing efficiency 171–3
and Harris 173–4
on DAF success 292
and Pathfinder Force 406–7
and USAAF units to Middle East 423
RAF cooperation on US daylight bombing 451
at Casablanca 577–84
Poulsson, Lieutenant Jens-Anton xxx escapes to UK 206–7
joins NIC1 207
Operation GROUSE 446–7, 459–60, 552–4
SOE banknote forgery 442–3
Vemork heavy water plant 459–60, 636–40
Pound, Admiral Sir Dudley
Chief Naval Staff 282
and Convoy PQ17 304–6
on U-boat numbers increase 581–2
Prairie repair ship 220
Propagandakompanien der Wehrmacht 300–3
Pughe Lloyd, Air Vice-Marshal Hugh, Malta mismanagement 179
Pyle, Ernie xxx
in North Africa 592–3
on Fredendall and Vichyites 602
on Kasserine setback 640–1
on infantry 695–6
Qattara Depression 280, 463
SAS cross 343–4
Raeder, Grossadmiral Erich
and Convoy PQ17 306
resigns C-in-C Kriegsmarine 576–7
Ramcke, General Hermann-Bernhard, Fallschirmjäger 508
Rauff, Walter
and Tunis Jews 618–19
and mobile gas chambers 618
Rebecca–Eureka homing equipment 459
Red Army
1930s purges 20
Kesselschlacht attack on 27–30
counter-attacks 30, 117–19
ski troops 109
T34 tanks 111
regrouping behind lines 108–9
regains initiative at Leningrad 143–4
counter-attack, Kharkov 181, 247
trapped at Izyum salient 247–8
ceding space to preserve strength 310
Stalingrad defence 315, 431, 543, 575–6, 584, 586
offensive 314–15
tanks 374–5
Operation URANUS 543
liberates Caucasus 590
pursuing Germans, over-extends 690
Red Bulls (US Army, 34th Division) 40, 168–9, 229, 325
take Maison Blanche airfield 520
in US II Corps 539–40
block Arnim 634–5
attack Fondouk Pass 677
training need 680–1
take Hill 609 695
take Hill 490 696
Regia Aeronautica 90, 398
and Malta 351, 352
North Africa 95
scale/growth issues 44
Reichsarbeitsdienst (labour service) 309, 384, 432–3
Rhodesia, RAF Empire Training Scheme 44
Ribbentrop, Joachim von
on Hitler’s plans 214
urges peace with Stalin 534–5
Ridley, Bill 681, 683–4, 703–4
Ritchie, General Neil 61, 105–6
leadership confused 237, 240
waits for reports 251
out of depth 276
3.7-inch gun underused 372
holds off Cauldron attack 267–8
proposes attack from south 252–3
Tactical HQ 267
delegates Operation ABERDEEN 268
Gazala Line finished 277
Rivrud, Halvor, picked up by Gestapo 615
Robert E. Peary, Liberty ship 545
Robinson, Michael 78
Rodwell, Peter, killed 561
Roelandt, Pilot Officer Robert ‘Balbo’ 170
Rohland, Dr Walter ‘Panzer’ 111–12, 127, 588
Romania
Third Army pushed back 543
Fourth army destroyed 543
Rommel, Feldmarschall Erwin xxx, 280
in North Africa 48
in Cyrenaica 57
in Libya 88
Afrikakorps 3 divisions 95
armoured divisions to Bardia 104
and NZ field hospital 106
charges to Egyptian border 105
breaks off Tobruk action 106–7
abandons Cyrenaica 106–7
and Axis air forces 157
pushes back into Cyrenaica 158
Gazala
preparing major attack 215
plans DAK attack on UK lines 222–6, 228
ignores logistics & air power 236
on Eighth Army tactics 238–9
attack on Gazala Line 241–6
incomplete information 244
trapped at Cauldron 250, 251–2
offers accept Free French surrender 261–2
breaking out of Cauldron 265–8, 272
attacks Bir Hacheim 273–5
surrounds Tobruk 277
Alamein
pursuing Eighth Army to 280–1
takes Mersa Matruh 287
attack stopped by DAF 288–91
and Italians 335–6
Montgomery plans defeat 348
Alam Halfa 362–66
needs to build up strength 336–7
on Panzerarmee supply situation 341, 354, 364, 454
sick, relief refused 362–4
on DAF fighter attacks 366
and Waldau 424
expects Allied win 437–8
back at front, orders armour to north 480
orders general disengagement 490
on defeat 490
Hitler’s order to fight on 491
makes for Mersa el Brega 508
exceeded operational reach 508–9
Tunisia 591, 605, 616
overreaching himself 633–4
proposes attack Tébessa supply dumps 633
heads for Kasserine Pass 633
left El Agheila 598
falls back to Homs–Tarhuna 616
abandons Tripoli, moves stores to Tunisia 616
sacked 617
plans attack on US II Corps 623
behind Mareth Line 622–3
pushes to Fériana 629
takes Fériana, marches on Thelepte 633
10. Panzer towards Thala 635
and Kesselring call off Kasserine offensive 635
to command Army Group Afrika 635–2
leaves Africa 654–5
Ronneberg, Joachim, GUNNERSIDE leader 638–40
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 6, 10
meets Churchill Placentia Bay 32, 34–5
and interventionists 66–7
announces US Navy to destroy Axis forces 85
and Japan
warns against aggression 122
rejects Konoe’s proposals 122–3
sends Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor 122
Pearl Harbor reaction 124–5
1942 State of Union Address 138–9
approves invasion plans 230
and USSR
sends Hopkins to Churchill & Stalin 32–3
on USSR front 254
tells Molotov expect 1943 second front 269–70
Leningrad, OKW plan for 71
and military procurement/ production 257–8
on Reuben James 99–100
Victory Program armaments plan 100–2
Nelson job description 194–5
visits Kaiser shipyard 448–9
and Stevenson 317
and north-west Africa invasion plan 322–3
and TORCH 450
and de Gaulle 549
at Casablanca 577–84
and Eisenhower 603
Rosenwald, Lieutenant Jean-Pierre 273
Rostov captured 112, 590
Royal Air Force
Air Ministry 81, 255
air power 4
command disagreements 292
tactical air power doctrine 630–2, 646–7, 687–8
Air Support Control (ASC) units 96–7
Air Support Tunisia 604
aircraft production 169
Bomber Command 598–601
106 Squadron 294–5, 598–601
617 squadron, Scampton 684
breaches Möhne and Eder dams 705–6
accuracy/technology 403, 407
navigational aids 174
radar pulse system GEE unsuccessful 294
Pathfinder Force (PFF) 403–7, 659, 660
flare marking system 599
Oboe navigation device 659
H2S ground mapping radar 659
Berlin raids 687
Casablanca directive 659
civilian bombing 170–2
criticism 170–4, 319
expansion 402–7
Harris all-out strategic air offensive 591, 659–63
heavy bombers/airfields 174–5, 282–3, 403
mass bombing raids 282, 319
1,000 Bomber Raids 292–3, 319
bomber-stream tactic 298
large raids 400–1
Ruhr assault
Dortmund raid 706
Duisburg raids 687
Essen raids 660, 687, 706
Frankfurt raids 687
Stuttgart raids 660–2, 687
training, OTUs on bombing raids 401
Coastal Command, and U-boats 153–4
anti-submarine patrols 65
Beaufort torpedo bombers 340
improved technology 286–7, 649–50
patrols, U-boats and 284–7
US east coast base 220
VLR B-24 Liberators 286, 682, 701
mid-ocean ops 649
Desert Air Force 95–6, 97, 232–6, 263–5, 270–1, 283, 596–8
66 Squadron, dive-bombs Axis transport 673
93 Squadron 688
112 Shark Squadron xxvi, 232, 597
dive bombing 263–5, 270–1
attacks Axis bombers 365–6
combat techniques 423–4
at El Daba 467–8
escorting bombers 485
strength/supplies
Aircraft Replacement Pools 96
80% serviceability 290
Kittyhawks 227, 232, 233, 235–6, 263, 264
Hurricanes 227, 235, 454
Spitfire Mk Vs 235–6
USAAF 57th fighters 336
strength at Alamein 465
bombers no supplies 556
obtains from USAAF 558
inadequate at Tobruk 556
North Africa desert
harries Afrikakorps 106
and Axis Libya supply 176–7
consolidated efficiency 234–6
saves Army 288–91
reconnaissance 364
attacks spearhead day & night 364–6
Alamein attack 467–8
carpet-bombs Panzerarmee 485
Afrikakorps Tel el Aqqaqir 488
fighters, force Axis bombers to jettison 366
Tunisia 604, 698–9
225 Squadron 540, 541–2, 561, 565–6, 688
tank-busters, at Tebaga Gap 667–8, 674
carpet-bombs Germans at Tebaga Gap 572–4
Empire Training Scheme 44
Fighter Command 169–70
71 Eagle Squadron 79
133 Eagle Squadron 79, 451–3, 496–7, 686
250 Squadron 262
303 Polish Squadron 621
315 Polish Squadron 621
341 Alsace Squadron 619–20, 685–6
416 Canadian Squadron 451
609 Squadron 78–81
611 Squadron 685–6
Hurricanes, 40mm cannons 454
luring Luftwaffe to West 77–80
night-fighters, improved 76–7
Middle East 282
short of aircraft 81
bomber complement 174–5
bombers lost to Far East 175
Park regains air superiority 339
torpedo bombers, Malta 339
destroys Axis aircraft 689
radar
Mk VIII & IX AI systems 501
US SCR-720 variant 501
Royal Australian Air Force 450 Sqn 262
Royal Canadian Air Force 79
Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve (RCNVR) 5
and USN Task Force 4 65–6
Newfoundland Escort Force 64, 65
convoy-protection hardships 102–3
volunteer force 164
radar/ASW equipment 166, 546–7, 547–8, 572, 649
Boston/Halifax convoys 220
Trinidad/Halifax convoys 220, 221
Atlantic, overstretched 546, 547
C1 Escort Group, southern route, outnumbered 572–3
new ships 649
Northwest Atlantic Command 649
HMCS Arvida 164–6, 546–7
HMCS Celandine 547
HMCS Ottawa, sunk 547
HMCS Walker 166–7
Royal Navy (RCN) 4–6, 603
Atlantic
Anti-U-Boat Warfare Committee 583–4
Atlantic Charter (US/UK/USSR) agreed 34
see also Atlantic
Cape Bon 699
Fleet Air Arm
802 Squadron 131–7
and Empire Audacity 73–6
carrier landing training 73–5
high-frequency direction finding (Huff-Duff) 359
Home Fleet, Arctic convoys 82, 304–8, 548
routes, map xx
Kriegsmarine fails to prevent 576–7
Task Force 99 and 216
Malta 177
10th Submarine Flotilla Malta 47, 90, 176, 179, 339, 455–6
Albacores, bomb Axis columns 290
Force K, destroys Axis shipping 90
Naval Control of Shipping (NCS) 161
Pacific battleships sunk by Japan 130–1
TORCH Naval Forces 504–5
West Africa routes protection 73
Western Approaches 65, 548–9, 650
and RCN/USN 102–3
HMS Audacity aircraft carrier 73–6
and Condors 131
and convoy HG76 131–37
HMS Biter, escort Swordfish carrier 683, 684
HMS Blankney, and U-434 132
HMS Broke, under fire at Algiers 519
HMS Clematis 683
HMS Deptford, sinks U-567 136 HMS Duke of York 130
HMS Eagle
Spitfires for Malta 216–18, 219
sunk 352
HMS Hartland, at Oran 520
HMS Hesperus 358–60
and Hedgehog 683
and one-ton depth charge 683
ASDIC, U-boat search 570–2
attacks U-223 701–4
latest equipment 681–4
man overboard 553
rams/sinks U-357 570–1, 681
sinks U-186 704
sinks U-191 683–4
HMS Ilex 553
HMS Malcolm, under fire at Algiers 519
HMS Pathfinder, sinks U-203 684
HMS Prince of Wales 33
sunk by Japan 130–1
HMS Queen Elizabeth, damaged by manned torpedoes 156
HMS Seraph 475, 487, 549
HMS Stanley, and U-boats 132
HMS Stork, and convoy HG76 131–7
and U-574 132–3
HMS Upholder submarine, sunk 179
HMS Urge submarine, sunk 179
HMS Valiant, damaged by manned torpedoes 156
HMS Vanessa, U-boat search 569–70
HMS Walney, at Oran 520
HMS Welshman, deliver fuel for Malta Spitfires 218
HMS Whitehall 682, 704
Royal South African Air Force, 2 Squadron 423
Royal Sussex 4th Regiment, overrun 485–6
Rundstedt, Feldmarschall Gerd von
Army Group South 28
pulls back from Rostov 113
‘resigned’ 141
Russia see Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Russians
as Untermenschen 12–3, 21, 433
prisoners, escaping 432
Ryder, General ‘Doc’ 520, 523
Sack, Leutnant Günther xxx
9th Division Army Group South 29–30
and cultural militarism 394
to Gattschina airfield 142
Sadler, Mike 606–8
Sahara, exploration/navigation 59–60
Saint-Nazaire 86
Sandhurst Royal Military College 389
Santaniello, Giuseppe xxx
Reggimento Artiglieria 434–5
at Miteiriya Ridge 466, 469, 470–2
on RAF 481–2
on Rommel 481
on Tel el Aqqaqir 489
moving back to Fuka 490
heading west 491–2
on propaganda 564–5
on Allied bombardment 653–4
prisoner 699
Sardinia, UK invasion feared 89
Sauckel, Fritz
and Zentrale Planung 185
Plenipotentiary General of Labour Mobilization 191
and Speer 494
on supply of miners 356
Sbeitla, von Arnim’s panzers, held up by Combat Command A 632
Schaps, Sergeant Ralph B. xxx, 39, 325, 385, 677–8
135th Infantry 168–9
to Omagh 229
on Algiers landing 518–19
on Patton 663
on training 681
and captured MG34 696
Scharnhorst 47
Schell, General Adolf von xxx
OKW motor vehicles 24–7
ruins trucks 146
and Wehrmacht motor vehicles attrition 189
strict fuel restrictions 357
on Panzer guns 375
and production 378
sacked by Göring 379
Schellhaas, Oberleutnant Heinrich 652
Schlange-Schöningen, Hans xxx
on casualty lists 587
on food shortage 191
Schmidt, Walter 364–5
Schmundt, Rudolf, intercedes for Warlimont 513
Scotland, US troops training for TORCH 460
Scots Guards, 2nd Battalion, Layforce 61–2
Scratchley, Captain 346
Scrivener, Norman 661
Sedaka landing strip 631
Sedan 8
Meuse crossing 17
Seeley, David 533
Seiler, Fritz, on FW190 test data falsified 98–9
Senegalese troops at Tozeur 608
Sevastopol 308
Seventh Armoured Division 481
Severloh, Hein, recruitment/training 387
Shaw, Bill Kennedy 60
Sherman tanks 383
Sherwood Rangers 384
at Tobruk 58–9
mechanization 58–9
blasted by 15. Panzer 365
minefield practice 420
attacks 469, 472, 474
A Squadron, in Crusader 469
at Tel el Aqqaqir 488–93
bogged down 506
mop up at Medenine 652–3
at Tebaga Gap 667–8, 674
ready to take Wadi Akarit 676
help round up prisoners 700
Shostakovich, Dmitry, Leningrad symphony, broadcast to world 314
Sicherheitsdienst (SD) 192
Sicily
UK invasion feared 89
II. Fliegerkorps 156, 175–6, 215
no ground control or radar 352
Operation HUSKY agreed 579
Sidi Abd el Rahman track 482
Sidi Barrani 554
Sidi Rezegh 104, 239
Sinbad becomes Empire Audacity carrier 73
Singapore, surrender 162
loss, Allies public view 316
Smith, General Walter Bedell 457, 630, 648
Smolensk 28, 30, 108, 144
Snipe, Riflemen isolated at 482–4
Solomon Islands, taken 162
Sønsteby, Gunnar xxx
and Milorg 204
attempts escape to UK 204–6
Oslo resistance group 204–5
recruited by SOE 206–9
and SOE banknote forgery 442–3
and Oslo Gestapo 613–16
Sorensen, Charles, and B-24 production 449–50
Sorpe dam, damaged 706
Sorrentino, Lamberto, on German brutality 261
Souk el Arba, 225 Squadron 561, 565
Souk el Khemis 573
South African 1st Division
holds firm 241–2, 249, 252
pulls back to Tobruk 277
replaces NZ division 481
South Notts Hussars, decimated 272
Soviet Union see Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Spaatz, Brigadier-General Carl ‘Tooey’ 596
USAAF chief of staff 40–1
USAAF Eighth Air Force building in UK 319–20
promised 500 heavy bombers 451
USAAF Theater Commander 462–4
C-in-C Northwest African Air Forces 603
and Coningham/Patton row 679
Spain, Operation TORCH reaction 348
Spears, Lieutenant-General Sir Edward xxx
Mission to Syria 55–6
Special Air Service (SAS) 60–2
Special Air Brigade, L Detachment 62
expanded, full regiment status 605
Free French squadron 605–6
Greek ‘Sacred Squadron’ 605–6
raids 98, 343–6
on Luftwaffe Libya 344–6
map 342
into Tunisia 605–8
Germans find camp; steal supplies 607
to Tébessa by US II Corps 608
Special Operations Executive (SOE)
and Jean Moulin 203
and Gunnar Sønsteby 206
agents in Scandinavia 442–7
as terrorist organization based on IRA 439
5 French sections 438–9
Vemork sabotage success 443–7, 638–40
Speer, Reichsminister Albert xxxi, 295, 296
at Dnepropetrovsk 181–2
at Rastenburg 182–4
Armaments Minister 183–5, 613
and Zentrale Planung 184–5
and propaganda 188
war production 335–6
on Panther tank 376
and atomic bomb research 444–6
access to Hitler 494
public face of armaments drive 494–5
building aircraft factories 53
armoured vehicle production to double 588
Spitsbergen, RN raid on 82
SS
and intelligentsia liquidation 22
Einsatzgruppen, death squads 148, 196
Einstazkommando, in Tunis 618
Djerba island 617–19
Stahlschmidt, Fifi 425
Stalin, Josef
Hopkins visits 32–3, 36
rejects attack warnings 27
Soviet for Evacuation 68
industry evacuated east 68, 113, 313
on TORCH 350–1
unable to attend Casablanca 577
Stalingrad
Germans reach 311, 315
Red Army defence 315, 431
German Sixth Army
bogged down 431
trapped 543, 575, 584, 585–7
USSR forces build-up 543
Italian Eighth Army, broken, overrun 575
Germans fall back 690
Stanley, Lyulph 681
Stark, Admiral Harold, and Anti-U-Boat Warfare Committee 583
Stars and Stripes, forces newspaper 497, 611
Stearman biplane trainers 43
Steinhoff, Hauptmann Johannes ‘Macky’ xxxi, 51
and Eastern Front 46
JG52, fires Marseille 226
to JG77 Tunisia 690–1
Stettinius, Edward, heads Lend-Lease 101
Stevenson, William, British Security Coordination (BSC) 317–18
Stimson, Henry L. xxxi, 124, 255
Stirling, Bill, 2 SAS 606
Stirling, Lieutenant-Colonel David, SAS
SAS formation 60–2
SAS raids 98, 343–6
drives through German tanks formation 606
raid into Tunisia 605–8
captured 608
Stirling, Peter 343
Strassmann, Fritz, and atomic bomb research 444
Street, Arthur ‘A. G.’ xxxi, 528
film script, The Great Harvest 358
on bumper harvest 1942 358
on farming success 83–4
Street, Pamela 528–9
Stuart tanks 104
Student, General Kurt, on Fallschirmjäger Malta invasion 215
Stumme, General Georg
i/c Panzerarmee 455
dies of heart attack 473
Suhren, Gruppenführer Reinhard ‘Teddy’ xxxi
captain U-564
on Gibraltar route 91–3
in American zone 159
Florida Straits 221
and Coastal Command patrols 284–6
and escort ship explosion 286
and convoy OS34 300–3
Huff-Duff tracked 359
in Caribbean, dive-bombed 399–400
promoted, given Crossed Swords 408–5, 529–30
training U-boat crews 529
on U-boat shortage 576
at Gotenhafen (Gdynia) Training Division (2ULD) 576
Chief of Staff 27th U-boat Flotilla 656
SUPERCHARGE advanced forces south Mersa Matruh 505
Swenson, Lieutenant-Colonel Edwin, surrenders to French/released 519
synthetic fuel production 589
Syria, Vichy French sue for peace 55–7
T34 tanks 113, 117, 188
Takali, blitzed 177
Takoradi Route to Egypt 97, 422
Takrouna, attempts to force 694
Tataouine 617
Taxis, Freddie 607
Tebaga Gap 665, 672
Sherwood Rangers at 667–8, 674
NZ Corps at 667, 673, 674
Rifle 2nd Brigade at 673
X Corps at 673
Tedder, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur xxxi, 234, 236, 289
and French RAF pilots 56
North Africa
building strength 95
and Auchinleck, co-operation 96
on bomber complement 174–5
demanding more fighters 175
on Montgomery 559, 560
Tunisia
Allied Air Commander 603
and tactical air power doctrine 630–1
Tripoli conference 630–1
and Coningham/Patton row 679
Tehran occupied 57
Tel el Aqqaqir, assault on 488–93
Telavåg, destroyed as reprisal 209
Tempo magazine 261
Terboven, Reichskommissar Josef, destroys Telavåg 209
Theodore, Lieutenant Gérard, wounded 273
Thoma, Generalleutnant Wilhelm Ritter von 455, 490–1
decides not to counter-attack 473–4
on 15. Panzer losses 480
on Hitler’s order to fight on 492
and British advance 492–3
Thomas, Generalleutnant Georg xxxi, 188
on Hitler and economic crisis 115–16
on engineering-standards reduction 115–16
and Zentrale Planung 185
and simpler weapons 494
Thompson, Flying Officer Walter 661
Tikhvin 70, 143
timeline 715–19
Times of Malta 456
Tirpitz, and Convoy PQ17 304–8
Tito (Josip Broz) Partisans 338
Tobin, Red, 71 Eagle Squadron 79–80
Tobruk
Eighth Army garrison
Sherwood Rangers 58
break out 104–7
garrison vs. Gazala Line proposal 238–9
and Axis lines of supply 239
surrenders to Rommel 277–8
Panzerarmee supplies landed Tripoli/Benghazi 340–1
no panzer fuel 554
UK retakes 555
out of supplies 556
Todt, Fritz, Minister for Munitions
panzer production committee 110–11
sends manufacturers to Guderian 110–11
USSR war now unwinnable 112, 127
plane crash Rastenburg 182–3
death 494
Tojo, General Hideki, PM and Army minister 123
Tommy helmets 36–7
Toms, Lieutenant, Rifleman 484
Topp, Korvettenkapitän Erich xxxi, 134
U-552, sinks USS Reuben James 85–6
training U-boat crews 529
commands 27th U-boat Flotilla 656
TORCH see North West Africa, Operation TORCH
Tozeur Free French base 607–8
Travers, Susan 249
Tripoli
Montgomery plans to leave to First Army 559
Rommel abandons 616
Tripoli conference 630–2
Tronstad, Professor Leif, and SOE 443–4
Tuker, Major-General Francis ‘Gertie’, 4th Indian Division
North Africa
effectiveness proposals 237–40
to front to command left flank 240
at XXX Corps HQ 241–2
urges heavy blow to regain initiative 272
on Tobruk surrender 279
Divisional HQ, on Alamein Line 417–20
on dual thrust to Ruweisat Ridge 478–9
on concentration of fire 479–80
cuts through Tel el Aqqaqir minefields 492
Tunisia
on Panzerarmee escape 557–8
at Mareth Line 670
secures Wadi Akarit heights/ crossing points 676–7
plans final battle, Operation STRIKE 697–700
Tukhachevsky, Marshal Mikhail 20
Tula, Siberians overrun Panzerkorps battalions 109
Tunisia campaign 565–9, 573–4, 593–6, 601–13, 622–9, 640–3, 646–9, 651–6, 663–8, 670–4, 675–81, 687–9, 690–700
map xviii
TORCH 350, 450, 457
Axis reinforces against Allied attack 535, 536–7
French confused/indecisive 538
Germans take initiative 539
Allied supply lines longer than Axis 539
UK/US advance 539–43
Souk el Arba airfield UK taken 541
Gafsa airfield US taken 541
Youks-les-Bains airfield US taken 541
terrain 542
Allied air forces uncoordinated 563
Rommel attacks 591
Moorehead on 593
mud 594
Kasserine offensive 624–36
Axis supply line to be cut 642–3
April–May 1943, map 692–3
Tunis
Allies better supplied than Axis 694
battle of Medjerda Valley 694–700
falls 7 May 699
U-boats
bases, bombed 505, 584
Command BdU 47
equipment
torpedoes fail to detonate 76, 222
Metox radar 546
need onboard radar 530
Pillenwerfer bomb to confuse ASDIC 571
B-Dienst system, higher interception rates 650
Enigma traffic made undecipherable 358–9, 650
and convoys 64–6
Anti-U-Boat Warfare Committee (UK) 583–4
Atlantic Charter (US/UK/USSR) agreed 34–5
convoy OG74 75–6
convoy HG76 131–37
convoy PQ17 304–8
on Gibraltar route 91–3
see also Arctic convoys; Atlantic convoys
successes/failures
failure 150–4
not meeting targets 222
numbers increase; effectiveness decrease 359
Atlantic successes end 283–7
successes 546–9
American zone 159–60, 220–2, 528
decline 1943 649
strength and losses tabulation 712
US Navy and 85–6
USS Ludlow chasing 93–4
USN prioritizes destruction 103
Hitler moves from North Atlantic 103
Mk VII, not real submarine 152
type VIIC xxix
Atlantic refuelling 221
and Coastal Command patrols 284–7
and Allied ASW technology 300–3
Huff-Duff tracking 359
Bomber Command and 402
threat to TORCH 505
and Ju88c long-range aircraft 546
shortage 576
Kriegsmarine principal focus 576–7
UK Anti-U-Boat Warfare Committee 583–4
wolfpacks and convoy defences 549–50, 700–1
27th Flotilla, captains under-trained 556
U-96, attacks Convoy ON127 547
U-107, collision with U-564 159
U-124, attacked by Audacity 75
U-131, sunk, crew rescued 132
U-191, sunk by Hesperus 683–4
U-223, crippled by Hesperus, survives 701–4
U-357
picked up by Huff-Duff 569–71
rammed by Hesperus, sunk 570–1, 681
U-434, sunk, crew rescued 132–3
U-514, spots convoy TM1 578
U-552, and convoy HX156 85
U-564
and Coastal Command patrols 284–6
and convoy HG75 91–3
and convoy OS34 300–3
collision with U-107 159
in American zone 159–60
in Caribbean, dive-bombed 400
on Gibraltar route 91–3
U-567, and convoy HG76 134–5, 136
U-751
and Coastal Command Leigh Lights 285–6
sinks HMS Audacity 134–5
Udet, General Ernst
advocates dive-bombing 49
head of Luftwaffe procurement 51–3
and FW190 test data falsified 98–9
suicide 99
Ukraine
prioritized 29
Germans capture USSR armies 67
Hitler expects to take 186, 192–3
to send Germany food 432
Germans still hold part 588
Ultra, Enigma signals decrypted 65
decrypts 90, 151, 228, 364, 602–3
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 543–4, 575, 585–7, 590
aid conference 82
Atlantic Charter (US/UK/USSR) agreed 34–5
Germany and 431
Hitler’s plans for 10, 12-13 21–3
OKW ‘Hunger Plan’ for 22
invasion
1941 map 26
aircraft destroyed on ground 28
German successes 67–71, 89
weather and German drive to Moscow 69–70
best German troops wasted in 110
winter, panzers frozen inoperable 111–912, 117–18
Case BLUE Caucasus offensive map 307, 308–15, 316
see also BARBAROSSA
industry moves to Urals 68, 112–13
Leningrad see Leningrad partisans 108
Moscow see Moscow
Stalingrad see Stalingrad
seeks Allied 1943 second front 269–70
state archives to Ufa 68
US materiel to, July 1941 31–35
see also Red Army; Stalin
United Nations (Allies), USA/UK/Commonwealth coalition 138, 428–30
Declaration of War Aims 138
United Kingdom
and Germany 1941 8–12
Channel Islands, German fortification 589–90
public reaction
Far East losses 162–3
German USSR invasion 30–35
National Day of Prayer 382
Tobruk loss 282
US coalition partners 428–30
public relations in USA 316–17
US troops arrive 168, 428–30
Army 4–6
strategy/planning 5
‘steel not flesh’ strategy 31
USA/UK Europe invasion plans 138
War Office, Notes from the Theatres of War No. 2 158
Chiefs of Staff, 1943 orders of battle 258
Operational Research Sections 370
intelligence services
British Security Coordination (BSC) 317–19
Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) 439
MI6, agents in France 439
personnel
Army General Staff 370
discipline 392–3
motivation 395–7
soldiers in UK since Dunkirk 324
rations 594
recruitment/training 324–5, 385–6, 387–90, 391–3, 395–6
subordinate commander independence 392
Battle Schools 387–8
NCOs field commissions/OCTU selected 391–2
Infantry Training Centre 387–8
officer training 59–60, 389–90
Officer Cadet Training Units (OCTUs) 389
publications 388–9
specific forces
1st Armored Division 481, 568, 694
1st Guards Brigade 634
2 corps 95
2nd Rifle Brigade 242, 246, 364, 695
4th Armoured Brigade 104
4th Indian Division 237–9, 697, 698
5th Division 37, 232
6th Armoured Division 594, 632, 677–8
7th Armoured Division 105, 474, 631–6, 697
7th Motor Brigade 242, 244, 251, 278, 364
Eighth Army, see Eighth Army
36th Brigade 613
51st Highland Division 651–3
78th Division, First Army 540, 542, 564, 696
150th Brigade 265, 267–8
Combined Operations, Commandos 104, 326–7, 540
desert exploration/navigation force 59–60
Free French, in Eighth Army 596
Minefield Task Force 488
paratroopers, First Army 539
Royal Marines 232
South African 1st Division 241
First Army (UK/US), forming in Algeria 539
V Corps 567–8, 573
IX Corps 694, 696
X Corps 474, 475, 481, 664, 673, 674, 676
XIII Corps 104–6, 465, 475
XXX Corps 104–6, 463–5, 652, 664, 677
see also specific actions; individuals
Royal Air Force see Royal Air Force
Royal Navy see Royal Navy
Special Operations Executive (SOE) see Special Operations Executive
military production/weapons
supplies to Red Army 31, 113
loses crucial supplies to Japan 163
military-procurement control 255
war-materiel imports 358
and US arms industry 5
military production 187–8, 370–1
workers, high productivity 357, 433
tanks
not suitable for desert 157–8
Tank Board, new designs 380–1
UK vs German tanks, North Africa 372–4
UK vs German weaponry, North Africa 371–2
new technology development
Weapons Development Committee 370–1
new enemy equipment analysed 370
aircraft with armour-piercing rockets 532
Hedgehog anti-U-boat weapon 542
Huff-Duff 532
17-pounder anti-tank guns 635
3.7-inch heavy anti-aircraft gun 371–2
radar, ASW radar 532
cavity magnetron 501, 530–1
resources
access to 5
merchant fleet 4–6, 72, 581 see also Atlantic convoys
available manpower limits 582–3
food
arable farming revolution 83–5
and morale 84–5
harvests 190, 357–8, 528–9
rationing at healthy level 357
fuel reserves 581, 582
Ministry of Supply 211
Ministry for Economic Warfare 439
Ministry of Production 210–12
United States of America
Germany and 11–12, 214
Hitler declares war on 126–7, 130
Abwehr Operation PASTORIUS failure 318–19
military planning/strategy
Atlantic Charter (US/UK/USSR) agreed 33–5
Germany-first strategy 130, 137, 163, 229
USA/UK Europe invasion plans 138
France invasion plans 229–230
1943 orders of battle not ready 258
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), operating in France 440
plans operations against Japan 579, 580–1
to lead north-west Africa invasion 323–4
military production 6, 10, 101–2, 188, 256–9, 361–2, 448–9, 545
1942 targets 138–40
B-24 heavy bombers 449
civilian/military manufacturing conflict 100–2
Liberty ships 448–9, 545
machine-tool industry 102
metals shortages 256–9
technology
air-launched acoustic homing torpedoes 532
air-launched sono-buoys 532
Magnetic Anomaly Detectors (MAD) 532
Victory Program armaments plan 100–2
War Production Board (WPB) 193–5
military procurement/control 255–9
National Defense Advisory Commission (NDAC) 101
Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply (OPACS) 101
Supply Priorities and Allocations Board (SPAB) 101
UK and 5, 6
Lend-Lease 101
supplies diverted to Pacific 163
USSR, materiel to, July 1941 31–35
US Army 6, 10–11
clothing/equipment 36–8
planning
Army War Plans Division 41
Operations Division (OPD) 229
logistics 38–40
preparing for combat 36–40
designed for small wars 595
recruitment/training
cultural anti-militarism/ isolationism 393
officer shortage/training 389–90
Officer Candidate Schools (OCSs) 390
recruitment 385, 389
Army General Classification Test (AGCT) 390
training 38–40
Army Ground Forces (AGF) Louisiana Maneuvers 38–40
amphibious training 39
‘Combat Lessons Learned’ memos 596
discipline 393
training films 389
soldiers to UK 138, 168, 225–7, 428–30
Operation BOLERO 138, 230–1
USA Army, A Short Guide to Great Britain 429–30
units
1st Armored Division 567, 624–6, 678, 627, 632
Combat Command A 632
Combat Command B 613, 625
1st Infantry Division 460
II Corps, 18th Regimental Combat Team Big Red One 511, 522, 539, 594–5, 632, 634, 640, 665–6, 672, 677–8, 680, 695
135th Infantry 168–9, 677
3rd Battalion 519
34th Division 680–1
Cavalry 389, 595
National Guard 40
Rangers 231, 327, 349, 460, 511, 516–17, 539, 626, 633, 665–6, 671–2
US Army Air Force (USAAF) 421–4, 558, 647
planning
Air War Plans Division (AWPD), AWPD/1 41–2, 319
training/experience
Army Aviation Cadet Training 42
combat experience 423–4
flying training 42–4
preparing for combat 40–4
units
Eighth Air Force 320–1, 450–1, 562–3, 584–5, 644–6, 687, 690–1
4th Fighter Group 452, 686
12th Air Support Command 679–80
25th Anti-Submarine Wing 649
57th Fighter Group 336, 556
66th Fighter Squadron, in Palestine 421–4
97th Bombardment Group 321, 556, 592–3, 608–9
98th heavy bomber group 336
335 Fighter Squadron 686
336 Fighter Squadron 496–7
414 Squadron 321
US Navy
operational speed/efficiency 219–20
Pacific Fleet 163, 254, 580–1
Atlantic Fleet 34, 36, 85–8, 649–50
convoy protection vs. U-boat destruction 85–6, 102–3, 161–2
Escort of Convoy Instructions 161
Task Force 4 66–7
Wildcats, escorting Spitfires to Malta 217
USS Augusta 33, 517, 518, 552
USS Ludlow 93–4
USS Massachusetts 522
USS Mississippi 118
USS Ohio 353
USS Ranger 422
USS Reuben James 85, 99–100
USS Thomas Stone 509
USS Wasp 216–18
USS Wichita 304–6
public opinion 6
and USS Reuben James 85, 99–100
interventionists 66
UK Secret Service and 317–18
Anglophobia 602
overstated 679–80
UPKEEP 705
Vaerst, General Gustav von 266, 455
Vemork heavy-water (deuterium oxide) plant 443–7, 636–40
sabotage success 639
Verity, Captain Hedley xxi, 390
Very Long Range (VLR) aircraft, for Atlantic 584
Via Balbia 277
Vichy French
sue for Syria peace 55
in Madagascar 231–2
antipathy to British 323
Clark’s Algiers meeting with 475–7
North Africa, and TORCH 348, 457–9
Vickers Valencia 60
Victolite, Canadian tanker, sunk by U-564 159
Vigouroux, Paul xxxii
and collaborationist patriotism 199–200
Légion des volontaires français (LVF) 413
Volkhov 70, 314–15
Volokolamsk 109
Vyazma 108
Wächter, Oberleutnant Karl-Jürg, U-223 704
Wadi Akarit 675–6
Wadi Zagzaou 670
Waffen-SS divisions 18–19
Panzerdivision Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler 181
to feed from their occupied territories 192–3
Totenkopf Division 19
Wake Island 120, 137
Waldau, General Otto Hoffmann von 236, 424
Walker, Captain Frederic ‘Johnny’, convoy HG76 131–7
Walker, Group Captain Gus, and Lancaster explosion 598–9
Walker, Lieutenant Harold B-Bar, and Huff-Duff 359
Wallace, Henry A. (USA VP), Dahl and 318
Wallis, Barnes, Vickers bouncing bomb 684, 705
Walmer Castle 75
Walter, Hellmuth, V–80 true submarine, not adopted 152–3
Wannsee meeting, extermination camps decision 196–7
Warburton, Adrian 176
Ward, Major-General Orlando ‘Pinky’ 625, 627, 672, 678
Warlimont, General Walter xxxii, 308
at HQ Area 2 28–9
and Hitler’s interference 28–9
Section L on Moscow objective 68
OKW on German strategic situation 71–2
on war with USA 130
Deputy Chief OKW Operations Staff 141–2
on Hitler Army changes 141–2
strategy appreciation 185–6
on Eastern Front failures 512
on Allies in French North Africa 512
sacked/reinstated 512–13
plans Tunis defence and all-France occupation 535
recommends evacuate North
African front 624
warns Allies taking Tunisia 688
Wassermann radar 298
Wavell, Sir Archibald, C-in-C India 57
Wehrkreis units 385
Weizsäcker, Carl-Friedrich von, atomic bomb research 444
Wendel, Else 192, 334, 586–7
Wendel, Rudolf 192
Wenneckers, Feldwebel Hans-Gerd, Me Gustav catches fire 501–2
Werlin, Jakob, Plenipotentiary of Motor Vehicle Matters 190
West Africa routes, RN protection 73
Western Air Command, Twelfth Air Force 562
Western Local Escort Force, Halifax to Newfoundland 166–7
Westphal, Oberst Siegfried 265
Wever, General Walther 51
Wheeler, Frances, Evans’ fiancée 325–6
White, ‘Whitey’, 133 Eagle Squadron 451
White Committee (US interventionist pressure group) 66
Whiting, Jack, Sherwood Rangers, killed 365
Wieland, Edith, widowed by Stalingrad 586–7
Wight-Boycott, Lieutenant-Commander Vere xxxii
HMS Ilex 533–4
Wigram and Kerr, Instructor’s Handbook … 388
Wilhelmshaven, USAAF daylight attack 584–5
Williams, Bill 570, 596–7, 681
Williams, Captain, Hasty Ps 329
Winant, John 125
Wolf’s Lair (OKW HQ Area 2), Rastenburg 28, 69, 87, 112, 144, 310, 330, 534, 617
dreariness 575
wolfpacks see U-boats
Women’s Land Army 84
Wright, Commander Jerauld 119
Würzburg radar 35, 298
Yakhroma 109
Yamashita, General Tomoyuki, Singapore 162
Yugoslavia 1
chaos 337–8
German reparations demands 430
Partisans 338
Santaniello on 434
Zentrale Planung 494
Zhukov, General Georgi
defends Moscow 70, 112–13, 315
defends Stalingrad 315