First photograph of Geronimo, taken by A. Frank Randall at San Carlos in 1884, after Geronimo came in from Mexico following General Crook’s campaign of 1883. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Chief Chihuahua, photographed at San Carlos by A. Frank Randall in 1884, after surrendering to General Crook in 1883. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

First Lieutenant Charles B. Gatewood, Sixth Cavalry, in 1883. Stationed at Fort Apache, Gatewood commanded Apache Indian scouts and in 1886 played the critical role of putting two scouts in touch with Geronimo to help persuade him to surrender. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Apache scouts guarding a waterhole, 1886. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Brigadier General George Crook on his mule Apache, near Fort Bowie in 1886. He preferred to dress like his packers and carry a shotgun. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Fort Bowie, Arizona Territory, in 1886. Located near famed Apache Springs in Apache Pass, Fort Bowie was the nerve center for the operations of Generals Crook and Miles against Geronimo in 1885–86. It also figured importantly in Apache affairs from 1862 until 1886. The fort was abandoned in 1894. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Chief Chatto, one of the most accomplished and destructive Chiricahua raiders until he settled on the White Mountain Reservation following General Crook’s Sierra Madre campaign of 1883. He chose the white man’s way as the best and served as a skilled first sergeant of Apache scouts during the final campaigns against Geronimo. His reward was betrayal by the government and twenty-seven years as a prisoner of war. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Canyon de los Embudos, March 25, 1886. The first of three meetings between Crook and Geronimo. Uninvited Tombstone photographer C. S. Fly showed up and recorded a series of historic images. Geronimo is third from left, Crook second from right. Captain Bourke sits to Crook’s right. All the officers have been identified. Among the Indians both seated and standing, those identified include Kayatena, Nana, Chihuahua, and Scout Sergeant Major Noche. (See Jay Van Orden, Geronimo’s Surrender [Arizona Historical Society, 1991]; Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Geronimo at Canyon de los Embudos. He permitted C. S. Fly to wander among his followers and take a remarkable series of photographs. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Geronimo asked Fly to take this picture of him and Naiche on horseback. One of his foremost fighters, Perico, holds a baby. One of Geronimo’s sons, Tisnah, stands beside Naiche. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Geronimo (center) and Naiche (far right) with some of their fighters. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Yahnoza, Geronimo’s son Chappo, Fun, and Geronimo. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Geronimo (right) and Naiche on the parade ground of Fort Bowie, September 4, 1886, following their surrender to General Miles. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Brigadier General Nelson A. Miles. (Courtesy National Anthropological Archives)

Geronimo and Naiche with followers at trainside, headed for Florida captivity, September 8, 1886. Geronimo sits third from right, Naiche third from left. (Courtesy Arizona Historical Society)

Geronimo in captivity at Fort Pickens, Florida, 1887. (Courtesy Mark Sublette Medicine Man Gallery Tucson/Santa Fe)

Geronimo, Naiche, and Mangas in captivity at Fort Pickens, 1887. Note that Mangas wears an army officer’s coat. (Courtesy Western History Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries)

Chiricahua Apache camp at Mount Vernon Barracks, Alabama. (Courtesy Alabama Department of Archives and History)

Mount Vernon Barracks, 1889. Chihuahua, Naiche, Loco, Nana, Geronimo. The three in uniform were not in the army. (Courtesy Alabama Department of Archives and History)

Captain William W. Wotherspoon, Chiricahua overseer at Mount Vernon Barracks, 1898. (Courtesy US Army Military History Institute)

Captain Hugh L. Scott, Troop L, Seventh Cavalry, at Fort Sill, Oklahoma Territory, 1896. (Courtesy Fort Sill National Historic Landmark)

Naiche’s village near Medicine Creek, Fort Sill, 1896. (Courtesy Fort Sill National Historic Landmark)

Geronimo and family in melon patch, Fort Sill, 1895. Wife Zi-yeh, Eva, Robert, unknown, Geronimo. (Courtesy Fort Sill National Historic Landmark)

Geronimo at Fort Sill, c. 1895–96. Note the Plains Indian feather war bonnet and fringed jacket. (Courtesy Mark Sublette Medicine Man Gallery Tucson/Santa Fe)

Geronimo and Chiricahua delegation to Pan American Exposition, Buffalo, New York, 1901. (Courtesy Mark Sublette Medicine Man Gallery Tucson/Santa Fe)

Geronimo at Fort Sill, c. 1904, when he participated in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in Saint Louis. (Courtesy Mark Sublette Medicine Man Gallery Tucson/Santa Fe)

Geronimo driving a 1904 Locomobile at the Miller Brothers Ranch, Oklahoma, for a convention of the National Editorial Association, June 1905. (Courtesy Western History Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries)