Canada’s Residential Schools: Missing Children and Unmarked Burials: Volume 4

Bibliography

Primary Sources

1. Truth and Reconciliation Commission Databases

The endnotes of this report often commence with the abbreviation trc, followed by one of the following abbreviations: asagr, avs, car, IRSSA, nra, rbs, and lac. The documents so cited are located in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s database, housed at the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. At the end of each of these endnotes, in square brackets, is the document identification number for each of these documents. The following is a brief description of each database.

Active and Semi-Active Government Records (asagr) Database: The Active and Semi-Active Government Records database contains active and semi-active records collected from federal governmental departments that potentially intersected with the administration and management of the residential school system. Documents that were relevant to the history and/or legacy of the system were disclosed to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (trc) in keeping with the federal government’s obligations in relation to the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement (IRSSA). Some of the other federal government departments included, but were not limited to, the Department of Justice, Health Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and National Defence. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada undertook the responsibility of centrally collecting and producing the records from these other federal departments to the trc.

Audio/Video Statement (avs) Database: The Audio/Video Statement database contains video and audio statements provided to the trc at community hearings and regional and national events held by the trc, as well as at other special events attended by the trc.

Church Archival Records (car) Database: The Church Archival Records database contains records collected from the different church/religious entities that were involved in administration and management of residential schools. The church/religious entities primarily included, but were not limited to, entities associated with the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Church of Canada, the Presbyterian Church in Canada, and the United Church of Canada. The records were collected as part of the trc’s mandate, as set out in the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, to “identify sources and create as complete an historical record as possible of the irs system and legacy.”

Indian Residential Schools School Authority (IRSSA) Database: The Indian Residential Schools School Authority database is comprised of individual records related to each residential school, as set out by the IRSSA.

National Research and Analysis (mra) Database: The National Research and Analysis database contains records collected by the National Research and Analysis Directorate, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, formerly Indian Residential Schools Resolution Canada (irsrc). The records in the database were originally collected for the purpose of research into a variety of allegations, such as abuse in residential schools, and primarily resulted from court processes such as civil and criminal litigation, and later the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement (IRSSA), as well as from out-of-court processes such as Alternative Dispute Resolution. A majority of the records were collected from Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. The collection also contains records from other federal departments and religious entities. In the case of some records in the database that were provided by outside entities, the information in the database is incomplete. In those instances, the endnotes in the report reads, “No document location, no document file source.”

Red, Black and School Series (rbs) Database: The Red, Black and School Series database contains records provided by Library and Archives Canada to the trc. These three sub-series contain records that were originally part of the “Headquarters Central Registry System,” or records management system, for departments that preceded the current federal department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. The archival records are currently related to the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development fonds and are held as part of Library and Archives Canada’s collection.

Library and Archives Canada (lacar) Archival Records Container (File) and Document Databases – The LAC Records Container (File) and Document databases contain records collected from Library and Archives Canada (lac). The archival records of federal governmental departments that potentially intersected with the administration and management of Indian Residential Schools were held as part of Library and Archives Canada’s collection. Documents that were relevant to the history and/or legacy of the Indian Residential School system were initially collected by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, in conjunction with Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, as part of their mandate, as set out in the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. The collection of records was later continued by Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, based on the federal government’s obligation to disclose documents in relation to the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement.

2. Indian Affairs Annual Reports, 1864–1997

Within this report, Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs denotes the published annual reports created by the Government of Canada, and relating to Indian Affairs over the period from 1864 to 1997.

The Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development was created in 1966. In 2011, it was renamed Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development. Before 1966, different departments were responsible for the portfolios of Indian Affairs and Northern Affairs.

The departments responsible for Indian Affairs were (in chronological order):

• The Department of the Secretary of State of Canada (to 1869)

• The Department of the Secretary of State for the Provinces (1869–1873)

• The Department of the Interior (1873–1880)

• The Department of Indian Affairs (1880–1936)

• The Department of Mines and Resources (1936–1950)

• The Department of Citizenship and Immigration (1950–1965)

• The Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources (1966)

• The Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (1966 to the present)

The exact titles of Indian Affairs annual reports changed over time, and were named for the department.

3. Library and Archives Canada

RG10 (Indian Affairs Records Group) The records of RG10 at Library and Archives Canada are currently part of the R216, Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development fonds. For clarity and brevity, in endnotes throughout this report, records belonging to the RG10 Records Group have been identified simply with their RG10 information. Where a copy of an RG10 document held in a trc database was used, the trc database holding that copy is clearly identified, along with the RG10 information connected with the original document.

Sifton Papers.

4. Other Archives

St. Boniface Historical Society Archives

5. Government Publications

Audette, L. A. Report on The Commission, under Part II of the Inquiries Act, to investigate and report the circumstances in connection with the alleged flogging of Indian pupils recently at Shubenacadie, in The Province of Nova Scotia, 17 September 1934.

Bryce, P. H. Report on the Indian Schools of Manitoba and the North-West Territories. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau, 1907.

Canada. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. “St. Eugene Mission Resort: Pride of the Kootenays.” 15 September 2010. https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/11001000 21303/1100100021310.

Canada. Health Canada. “Canada’s Food Guides from 1942 to 1992.” http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/food-guide-aliment/context/fg_history-histoire_ga-eng.php#fnb9 (accessed 14 December 2013).

Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Debates. 39^th Parliament, 1^st Session, Volume 141, Number 139 (24 April 2007), 1449–1450.

Canada. Parliament. Special Joint Committee of the Senate and the House of Commons appointed to examine and consider the Indian Act. Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence, 1946–1948.

Canada. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Canada’s Missing. “Case Reference: 2006005399.” https://secure.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/missing-disparus/case-dossier.jsf?case=2006005399&id=4 (accessed 16 September 2013).

Farrell, Edward. The Congress on Tuberculosis Held in Berlin Germany, on May 24^th, 25^th, and 26^th, 1899, Report of the Proceedings. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau, 1899.

Fraser, R. D. “Section B: Vital Statistics and Health.” In Historical Statistics of Canada, edited by F. H. Leachy. Second edition. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1983. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-516-x/sectionb/4147437-eng.htm.

Hansen, A. T. “The Regulation of Building Construction.” Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada, 1985. http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/ibp/irc/cbd/building-digest-237.html (accessed 20 September 2013).

LeBeuf, Marcel-Eugène. The Role of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police During the Indian Residential School System. Ottawa: Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 2011.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. They Came for the Children: Canada, Ab-original peoples, and Residential Schools. 2012. http://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/413037/publication.html.

6. Legislation

An Act further to amend “The Indian Act, 1880,” Statutes of Canada 1884, chapter 27, section 10.

An Act respecing Indians [Indian Act], Statues of Canada 1951, chapter 29, section 119.

An Act respecting Indians [Indian Act], Statutes of Canada 1894, chapter 32, section 11.

An Act respecting Indians [Indian Act], Statutes of Canada 1919–1920, chapter 50, section 1.

An Act respecting Indians [Indian Act], Statutes of Canada 1932–33, chapter 42, section 1.

Criminal Code, 1892, Statues of Canada 1892, chapter 29.

Public Schools Act, Statues of Manitoba 1954, chapter 215, pages 923–1114.

7. Legal Cases

F.S.M. v. Clarke [1999] CanLII 9405 (BC SC).Fontaine v. Canada (Attorney General) [2013] ONSC 684.

R. v. Frappier [1990] YJ 163 (Territorial Court).

R. v. Leroux [1998] NWTJ 139 (SC).

R. v. Maczynski [1997] CanLII 2491 (BC CA). http://canlii.ca/t/1dzbw (accessed 17 April 2012).

Secondary Sources

1. Books and Published Reports

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Baker, Simon. Khot-La-Cha: The Autobiography of Chief Simon Baker. Compiled and edited by Verna J. Kirkness. Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 1994.

Blake, Samuel Hume. Don’t You Hear the Red Man Calling? Toronto: W. Tyrrell, 1908. http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/bibliography/3132.html.

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Bolt, Clarence. Thomas Crosby and the Tsimshian: Small Shoes for Feet Too Large. Vancouver:University of British Columbia Press, 1992.

Brass, Eleanor. I Walk in Two Worlds. Calgary: Glenbow Museum, 1987.

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Bryce, P. H. The Story of a National Crime: Being an Appeal for Justice to the Indians of Canada; the Wards of the Nation, Our Allies in the Revolutionary War, Our Brothers-in-Arms in the Great War. Ottawa: James Hope and Sons, 1922.

Bush, Peter. Western Challenge: The Presbyterian Church in Canada’s Mission on the Prairies and North, 1885–1925. Winnipeg: Watson and Dwyer Publishing, 2000.

Bynum, Helen. Spitting Blood: The History of Tuberculosis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Chesterfield Inlet Economic Development Office. A Journey Through Time: A Guided Walking Tour of Chesterfield Inlet. Chesterfield Inlet, Nunavut, no date.

Churchill, Ward. Kill the Indian, Save the Man: The Genocidal Impact of American Indian Residential Schools. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2004.

Cronin, Kay. Cross in the Wilderness. Vancouver: Mitchell Press, 1960.

Dubos, René, and Jean Dubos. The White Plague: Tuberculosis, Man, and Society. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

Duchaussois, R.P. (Pierre Jean Baptiste). The Grey Nuns in the Far North (1867–1917). Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1919.

French, Alice. My Name is Masak. Winnipeg: Peguis Publishers, 1976.

Garcin, Steve, and Terrance Gibson. “Permit 2008-395: An Investigation of the Red Deer Industrial School Cemetery in the Vicinity of the Moore Meadows Subdivision Development, Red Deer, AB.” Unpublished report by Alberta Western Heritage Inc. to EXH Engineering/Genivar, Red Deer, Alberta, 2008.

Graham, Elizabeth. The Mush Hole: Life at Two Indian Residential Schools. Waterloo: Heffle Publishing, 1997.

Gray, Susan. “I Will Fear No Evil:” Ojibwa-Missionary Encounters Along the Berens River, 1875–1940. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2006.

Greven, Philip. Spare the Child: The Religious Roots of Punishment and the Psychological Impact of Physical Abuse. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991.

Grygier, Pat Sandiford. A Long Way from Home: The Tuberculosis Epidemic among the Inuit. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994.

Hamilton, Scott. Where are the Children Buried? Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report. 11 April 2015.

Hodgins, J. G. Documentary History of Education in Upper Canada. Volume XVIII. Toronto: L.K. Cameron, 1907.

Huel, Raymond J. A. Proclaiming the Gospel to the Indians and the Métis. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1996.

Johnston, Basil H. Indian School Days. Toronto: Key Porter Books, 1988. Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Milton, UK: Routledge, 2006.

Knockwood, Isabelle, and Gillian Thomas. Out of the Depths: The Experiences of Mi’kmaw

Children at the Indian Residential School at Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia. Black Point, Nova Scotia: Roseway Publishing, 2006.

Lux, Maureen K. Medicine that Walks: Disease, Medicine and Canadian Plains Native People, 1880–1940. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001.

Manuel, George, and Michael Posluns. The Fourth World: An Indian Reality. New York: The Free Press, 1974.

McCarthy, Martha. From the Great River to the Ends of the Earth: Oblate Missions to the Dene, 1847–1921. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press and Western Canadian Publishers, 1995.

McCuaig, Katherine. The Weariness, the Fever, and the Fret: The Campaign Against Tuberculosis in Canada, 1900–1950. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1999.

McNally, Vincent. The Lord’s Distant Vineyard: A History of the Oblates and the Catholic Community in British Columbia. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press and Western Canadian Publishers, 2000.

Miller, J. R. Shingwauk’s Vision: A History of Native Residential Schools in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. Milloy, John S. “A National Crime:” The Canadian Government and the Residential School System, 1879–1986. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1999.

Moine, Louise. My Life in a Residential School. Saskatchewan: Provincial Chapter, International Order of Daughters of the Empire, Saskatchewan, in Cooperation with the Provincial Library of Saskatchewan, 1975.

Montour, Enos. Brown Tom’s Schooldays. Edited by Elizabeth Graham. Waterloo, Ontario: The Author, 1985.

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Moran, Bridget. Stoney Creek Woman: The Story of Mary John. Vancouver: 1997 Arsenal Pulp Press.

Revay and Associates Limited. Issues Paper on the National Building Code of Canada: A Report Prepared for Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Calgary, Vancouver, Gaithersburg (Maryland), 1994.

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Working Group on Missing Children and Unmarked Burials. Missing Children and Unmarked Burials: Research Recommendations. No date.

2. Book Chapters and Articles

Adams, Ian. “The Lonely Death of Charlie Wenjack.” Maclean’s, February 1967, 30–44.

Apetagon, Byron. “Smoke and Flying Children.” Based on information shared by Ruby Beardy and Charles Queskekapow. In Norway House Anthology: Stories of the Elders, Volume I, by Byron Apetagon, 55–56. Winnipeg: Frontier School Division, 1991.

Carney, Robert. “The Grey Nuns and the Children of Holy Angels: Fort Chipewyan, 1874– 1924.” In Proceedings of the Fort Chipewyan and Fort Vermilion Bicentennial Conference, edited by P.A. McCormack and R. Geoffrey Ironside, 289–298. Edmonton: Boreal Institute for Northern Studies University of Alberta, 1990.

Côté, M. M. “St. Albert, Cradle of the Catholic Church in Alberta.” Canadian Catholic Historical Association Report 32 (1965): 29–35.

Ferguson, R. G. “Some Light Thrown on Infection, Resistance and Segregation By a Study of Tuberculosis Among Indians.” Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association 50 (1934): 18–26.

Gale, Godfrey L. “Tuberculosis in Canada: A Century of Progress. Canadian Medical Association Journal 126 (1 March 1982): 526–529.

Gladstone, James. “Indian School Days.” Alberta Historical Review 15, no. 1 (Winter 1967): 18–24.

Grzybowski, S., and E. A. Allen. “Tuberculosis: 2. History of the disease in Canada.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 160, no. 7 (1999): 1025–1028.

Huel, Raymond H. A. “Jean L’Heureux: A life of adventure.” Alberta History, 22 September 2012, 9–16.

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Lawson, James. “Yukon and Northwest Territories.” In Canadian Annual Review of Politics and Public Affairs, 1996, edited by David Mutimer, 232–244. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002.

Milne, Mike. “The Forgotten Children.” United Church Observer, July 2010.

Moore, Percy. “No Longer Captain: A History of Tuberculosis and its Control Amongst Canadian Indians.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 8 no. 18 (6 May 1961): 1012–1016.

Murray, John. “A Century of Tuberculosis.” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1169 (2004): 1181–1186.

Renke, Wayne. “The Mandatory Reporting of Abuse Under The Child Welfare Act.” Health Law Journal 7 (1999): 91–140.

Scott, Duncan Campbell. “Indian Affairs, 1867–1912.” In Canada and Its Provinces: A History of the Canadian People and their Institutions by One Hundred Associates, Volume 7, Section IV, The Dominion: Political Evolution, Part II, edited by Adam Shortt and Arthur G. Doughty, 591–626. Toronto: Glasgow, Brook and Company, 1914.

Smith, Sehdev, A. E., and G. M. Hutchins. “Problems with proper completion and accuracy of the cause-of-death statement. Archives of Internal Medicine 161, no. 2 (22 January 2001): 277–284.

Sproule-Jones, Megan. “Crusading for the Forgotten: Dr. Peter Bryce, Public Health, and Prairie Native Residential Schools.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 13 (1996): 199–224

Stanley, George F. G. “Alberta’s Half-Breed Reserve Saint-Paul-des Métis 1896–1909.” In The Other Natives: The Metis, Volume 2, edited by A. S. Lussier and D. B. Sealey, 75–107. Winnipeg: Manitoba Metis Federation Press, 1978.

Stewart, David A. “The Red Man and the White Plague.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 35, no. 6 (December 1936): 674–676.

Taylor, J. Garth. “Northern Algonquians on the Frontiers of ‘New Ontario,’ 1890–1945.” In Aboriginal Ontario: Historical Perspectives on the First Nations, edited by Edward S. Rogers and Donald B. Smith. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1994.

Thompson, J. Robert. “Mechanisms of fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in tuberculosis.” Chest 25, no. 2 (1954): 193–205. doi:10.1378/chest.25.2.193.

Titley, Brian. “Industrial Education for Manitoba Natives: The Case of Rupert’s Land Indian School.” In Issues in the History of Education in Manitoba: From the Construction of the Common School to the Politics of Voices, edited by Rosa del Carmen Bruno-Jofré, 371–403. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1993.

Tizya, Clara. “Comment.” In The Education of Indian Children in Canada: A Symposium, edited by L. G. P. Waller, 103–104. Toronto: The Ryerson Press, 1965.

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3. Online Sources

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Bourget, Charles. “Chapels of Rest and Cemeteries: Significant development between 17^th and 20^th centuries.” Translated by Rachel Tunnicliffe. http://www.patrimoine-religieux.qc.ca/en/pdf/documents/Chapels_Rest_Cemeteries.pdf (accessed 5 November 2014).

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Canada’s Historic Places. “Notre Dame des Victoires/Lac La Biche Mission National Historic Site of Canada.” http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=15064 (accessed 22 January 2015).

Canada’s Historic Places. “York County Municipal Home Cemetery.” http://www.lieuxpatri-moniaux.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=13125 (accessed 5 November 2014).

“Chateau Saint-Jean… Black Robes and Grey Dresses.” http://www.jkcc.com/robes.html (accessed 1 January 2012).

“Collinwood School Fire.” in Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=CSF (accessed 13 January 2013).

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Anglican Church of Canada. General Synod. “Bishop Horden Memorial School, Moose Factory Island, ON.” 2008. http://www.anglican.ca/relationships/histories/bishop-horden (accessed 4 April 2015).

Goldsborough, Gordon. “Memorable Manitobans: Robert Alexander Hoey (1883–1965).” Manitoba Historical Society. http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/hoey_ra.shtml (accessed 26 July 2014).

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Smith, Trefor, Elizabeth Siglet, Lisa McBain, Robert Simon, and Lori Pilon. “History of the Residential School.” In The Secwepemc: A Guide to the History, Culture, and Contemporary Issues of the Shuswap People. Okanagan-Mainline First Nations Social Studies Network, Secwepemc Cultural Education Society, and Ministry of Education, 2002. http://www.okmainregion.net/index.php?page=education/secwepemc/section04.inc&menu=education&sub=secwepemc.

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4. Newspapers and Broadcast Media

Asp, Elizabeth, Jackie McLaren, Jim Sheldon, Michelle Tochacek, Ruby Van Bibber. “Bishop’s comments invalided any apology” (letter to the editor). Whitehorse Star, 11 August 1999.

Baker, Patricia. “Learning…the hard way; Michael Cachagee’s reveals scars of residential school experience.” Sault Star, n.d. http://archives.algomau.ca/main/sites/default/files/2010-061_007_063.pdf.

Brantford Expositor. “Damages for Plaintiff in Miller vs. Ashton Case.” 1 April 1914.

Brown, Sarah Elizabeth. “Ex-residential school student files suit.” Whitehorse Star, 21 April 2003.

CBC News. “Paul Leroux gets 3 years for residential school abuse.” 12 December 2013. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatoon/paul-leroux-gets-3-years-for-residential-school-abuse-1.2461629.

Dowd, Allison. “Turtle Crossing looks for a little help from city.” Brandon Sun, 20 February 2011. http://www.brandonsun.com/local/turtle-crossing-looks-for-a-little-help-from-city-116549893.html?viewAllComments=y.

Edwards, Peter. “‘This is about reuniting a family, even in death.’” Toronto Star, 4 March 2011. http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2011/03/04/this_is_about_reuniting_a_family_even_in_death.html.

Edwards, Peter. “Star gets action: Charlie Hunter headed home,” Toronto Star, 24 March 2011. http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2011/03/24/star_gets_action_charlie_hunter_headed_home.html.

Kenora Miner and News. “Inquest hears tragic tale of runaway boy.” 18 November 1966.

McDonald, Alyssa. “Committee seeking recognition of Regina residential school cemetery.” Metro, 27 February 2013. http://metronews.ca/news/regina/576384/committee-seeking-recognition-of-regina-residential-school-cemetery/.

Mendonsa, Kalisha. “New exhibit honours lost industrial school children.” Red Deer Express, 18 June 2014. http://www.reddeerexpress.com/entertainment/New_exhibit_honours_lost_industrial_school_children__263660851.html.

Murray, Caroline. “Abuse victims recall atrocities. ”Whitehorse Daily Star, 25 November 1996.Nashua Telegraph (New Hampshire). “Two die as plane crashes.” 13 November 1962.

Neary, Derek. “Providence graves located.” Northern New Services, 22 August 2003. http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2003-08/aug22_03grav.html.

Ostrem, Dawn. “Back to court: Paul Leroux challenges convictions, sentence,” Northern News Services, 26 June 2000. http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2000-06/jun26_00back.html.

Saskatoon Star-Phoenix. “Former Students File Suit Over Sexual, Physical Abuse.” 26 November 1996.

Taylor, Glenn. “Arrest in Grollier Hall sex case: Former boys supervisor faces 32 counts of sexual assault on his student.” Northern News Services, 16 June 1997. http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/1997-06/jun16_97sex.html.

Thompson, Roxanna. “Dehcho Hall to Close its Doors,” Northern News Services online, 26 January 2009, http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2009-01/jan26_09h.html.

United Church of Canada. “Red Deer Residential School Students Remembered” (press release), 29 July 2010.

United Church of Canada. Residential Schools Update, September 2013.

United Church of Canada. Right Relations Update, May 2012.

Vancouver Sun. “Man Accused of Child Sex Abuse Dies in Jail.” 2 June 1995

Wilkins, Robert N. “Montreal Diary: A century worth celebrating for Westmount Park School.”Montreal Gazette, 22 November 2013. http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/century+worth+celebrating+Westmount+Park+School/9202882/story.html.

5. Theses and Dissertations

André, Elizabeth Mary. “Fire Escapes in Urban America: History and Preservation.” Master of Science thesis, University of Vermont, 2006.

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Callahan, Ann B. “On Our Way to Healing: Stories from the Oldest Living Generation of the File Hills Indian Residential School.” Master of Arts thesis, University of Manitoba, 2002.

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