ENDNOTES

Introduction

1. Dima Qato, et al. “Use of prescription and over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements among older adults in the United States.” Journal of the American Medical Association. 2008; 300(24): 2867–2878.

2. Eric D. Mintz, MD and Richard L. Guerrant, MD. “A lion in our village—the unconscionable tragedy of cholera in Africa.” New England Journal of Medicine. 2009; 360(11): 1060–1063.

3. Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and III (1971–1974 and 1988–1994).

4. J. Lazarou, B. Pomeranz, and P. Corey. “Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients.” Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998; 279: 1200–1205.

5. Preetha Anand, Chitra Sundaram, Sonia Jhurani, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, and Bharat B. Aggarwal. “Curcumin and cancer: An ‘old-age’ disease with an ‘age-old’ solution.” Cancer Letters. 2008; 267(1): 133–164.

6. Amy Ellis Nutt. “The End of Aging.” Readers Digest. November 2003, 70.

7. Janene M. Rigelsky and Burgunda V. Sweet. “Hawthorn: pharmacology and therapeutic uses.” American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2002; 59(5): 417–422.

 

Chapter 1

8. W. Watt Gibbs. “Roots of cancer.” Scientific American. July 2003.

9. “Preventing skin cancer.” Centers for Disease Control. October 17, 2003. www. cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5215a1.htm.

10. Nasa Advanced Supercomputing Division. www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/ Ozone/controversy.html.

11. B. Jackson “Cosmetic considerations and nonlaser cosmetic procedures in ethnic skin.” Dermatologic Clinics. 2003; 21(4): 703–712.

12. Lester Packer, Eric Witt, and Hans Jurgen Tritschler. “Alpha lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant.” Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 1995; 19(2): 227–250.

13. Amy Ellis Nutt. “The end of aging.” Readers Digest. November 2003, 70; Anna Bilska and Lidia Wlodek. “Lipoic Acid—The drug of the future?” Pharmacological Reports. 2005; 57: 570–577; The Cleveland Clinic. my.clevelandclinic.org/healthy_living/skin_care/hic_understanding_the_ingredients_in_skin_care_products.aspx.

14. Lester Packer, Eric Witt, and Hans Jurgen Tritschler. “Alpha lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant.” Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 1995; 19(2): 227–250.

15. American Heart Association. americanheart.mediaroom.com/index.php?s= 43&item=545.

16. Sirakarnt Dhitavat, et al. “Acetyl-l-carnitine protects against amyloid-beta neurotoxicity: roles of oxidative buffering and ATP levels.” Neurochemical Research. 2002; 27(6).

17. Helen White. “Acetyl-l-carnitine as a precursor of acetylcholine.” Neurochemical Research. 1990; 15(6).

18. Vincent W. Delagarza. “Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.” American Family Physician. October 1, 2003.

 

Chapter 2

19. Michelle Chen. “Discovery of toxins in newborn blood causes alarm, spurs activism.” New Standard. July 21, 2005. www.ewg.org/node/17733.

20. Environmental Working Group. “A national assessment of tap water quality.” (More than 140 contaminants with no enforceable safety limits found in the nation’s drinking water.) December 20, 2005. www.ewg.org/tapwater/findings.php.

21. Centers for Disease Control. www.cdc.gov/omhd/populations/HL/HL.htm#Ten.

22. Environmental Working Group. “Triclosan in your home.” 2009. www.ewg. org/node/26752.

23. Cane Rogers. Regulatory Status of Triclosan and Triclocarban in Nonprescription Products. Pacific Southwest Organic Residuals Symposium University of California, Davis. October 1, 2008.

24. Antonia M. Calafat, Xiaoyun Ye, Lee-Yang Wong, John A. Reidy, and Larry L. Needham. “Urinary concentrations of triclosan in the U.S. population: 2003–2004.” Environmental Health Perspectives. April 23, 2008.

25. Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards.

26. Sara Shahriari. “Columbia searching for answers to high trihalomethanes in water.” Columbia Missourian. July 15, 2008. www.columbiamissourian.com/ stories/2008/07/15/tests-find-higher-levels-carcinogen-columbias-drink/.

27. Sean Gray, et al. “Farm runoff, chlorination by-products, and human health.” Environmental Working Group. 2002.

28. Tom Avril. “Philadelphia’s water puts pregnant women at risk, study says.” Philadelphia Inquirer. January 9, 2002.

29. Juliet Eilperin. “EPA unlikely to limit perchlorate in tap water.” Washington Post. September 22, 2008, A09.

30. Centers for Disease Control. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ mm5008a2.htm.

31. Linda Marsa. “Filtering out the mystery surrounding liver damage.” Los Angeles Times. September 5, 2005.

32. Anne Larson, et al. “Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study.” Hepatology. 2005; 2(6).

33. Mayo Clinic. “Milk thistle (Silybum mariamun).” 2009. www.mayoclinic.com/ health/silymarin/NS_patient-milkthistle.

34. A. Pares, et al. “Effects of silymarin in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis of the liver: results of a controlled, double-blind, randomized, and multicenter trial.” Journal of Hepatology. 1998; 28(4): 615–621.

35. Jhy-Wen Wu, Lie-Chwen Lin and Tung-Hu Tsai. “Drug–drug interactions of silymarin on the perspective of pharmacokinetics.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2009; 121(2): 185–193.

36. G. Buzzelli, S. Moscarella, and A. Giusti, et al. “A pilot study on the liver protective effect of silybinphosphatidylcholine complex (IdB1016) in chronic active hepatitis.” International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy, and Toxicology. 1993; 31(9): 456–460; Ladas E.J., Kelley K.M. “Milk thistle: is there a role for its use as an adjunct therapy in patients with cancer?” Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine. 2003; 9(3): 411–416.
V. Lawrence, B. Jacobs, C. Dennehy, et al. “Report on milk thistle: effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects.” Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 21 (Contract 290-97-0012 to the San Antonio Evidence-based Practice Center, based at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and The Veterans Evidence-based Research, Dissemination, and Implementation Center, a Veterans Affairs Services Research and Development Center of Excellence). AHRQ Publication No. 01-E025. Rockville, Maryland: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. October 2000.
M.I. Lucena, R.J. Andrade, and J.P. de la Cruz, et al. “Effects of silymarin MZ-80 on oxidative stress in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.” (Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.) International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2002; 40(1): 2–8.
A. Madisch, H. Melderis, and G. Mayr, et al. “A plant extract and its modified preparation in functional dyspepsia. Results of a double-blind placebo controlled comparative study.” Z Gastroenterol. 2001; 39(7): 511–517.
A. Melhelm, M. Stern, and O. Shibolet, et al. “Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection via antioxidants: results of a phase I clinical trial.” J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2005; 39(8): 737–42.
A. Pares, R. Planas, and M. Torres, et al. “Effects of silymarin in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis of the liver: results of a controlled, double-blind, randomized, and multicenter trial.” Journal of Hepatology . 1998; 28(4): 615–621.
A. Rambaldi, B.P. Jacobs, and G. Iaquinto, et al. “Milk thistle for alcoholic and/ or hepatitis B or C liver diseases—a systematic cochrane hepato-biliary group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials.” American Journal of Gastroenterology . 2005; 100(11): 2583–91.
A. Rambaldi, B.P. Jacobs, and C. Gluud, et al. “Milk thistle for alcoholic and/ or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases.” Cochrane Database Syst Rev. October 17, 2007; (4):CD003620. Update of Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2005; (2): CD003620.
F.H. Schroder, M.J. Roobol, and E.R. Boeve, et al. “Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in men with prostate cancer and rising PSA: effectiveness of a dietary supplement.” European Urology. 2005; 48(6): 922–30; discussion 930–1.
A.K. Tyagi, R.P. Singh, and C. Agarwal, et al. “Silibinin strongly synergizes human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells to doxorubicin-induced growth inhibition, G2-M arrest, and apoptosis.” Clinical Cancer Research. 2002; 8(11): 3512–19.

 

Chapter 3

37. E.H. Reynolds. “Folic acid, aging, depression, and dementia.” British Medical Journal. 2002; 324(7352): 1512–1515; Walter Willett and Meir Stampfer. “What vitamin should I be taking doctor?” New England and Journal of Medicine. 2001; 345(25).

38. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). Conflicts of Interest: Financial Disclosure. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/ disclose.htm.

39. Kash Rizvi, John P. Hampson, and John N. Harvey. “Do lipid-lowering drugs cause erectile dysfunction? A systematic review.” Family Practice. 2002; 19(1): 95–98.

40. Ed Edelson. “FDA investigates possible vytorin-cancer link.” U.S. News & World Report. August 22, 2008.

41. Alex Berenson. “For widely used drug, question of usefulness is still lingering.” New York Times. September 2, 2008.

42. Avery Johnson. “A risk in cholesterol drugs is detected, but is it real?” Wall Street Journal. July 3, 2007.

43. Barbara Starfield. “Is U.S. health really the best in the world?” Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000; 284(4).

44. Steve Sternberg. “Warning labels urged for cholesterol drugs.USA Today. August 20, 2001.

45. P.S. Sever, B. Dahlof, N.R. Poulter, and H. Wedel. The Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial: Morbidity-mortality outcomes in the blood pressure lowering arm of the trial (ASCOT-BPLA). American College of Cardiology Annual Scientific Session 2005, March 6–9, Orlando, Florida. Late Breaking Clinical Trials 2.

46. Therapeutics Initiative. “Evidence-based drug therapy. Do statins have a role in primary prevention?” April–June 2003. The University of British Columbia. www.ti.ubc.ca.

47. Sonia Brescianini, MS, Stefania Maggi, MD, Gino Farchi, MS, Sergio Mariotti, MS, Antonio Di Carlo, MD, Marzia Baldereschi, MD, and Domenico Inzitari for the ILSAGroup. “Low total cholesterol and increased risk of dying: are low levels clinical warning signs in the elderly?” (Results from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging.) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2003; 51(7): 991.

48. K.M. Anderson, W.P. Castelli, and D. Levy. “Cholesterol and mortality.” (thirty years of follow-up from the Framingham study.) Journal of the American Medical Association. 1987; 257(16): 2176–2180.

49. The total death rates in the low-dose and in the high-dose atorvastatin groups were 5.6 and 5.7 percent, respectively.

50. Pam Belluck. “Cholesterol-fighting drugs show wider benefit.” New York Times. November 9, 2008.

51. M.A. Hlatky. Letter to the Editor. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008; 359: 2280–2282.

52. Joe Collier and Ike Iheanacho. “The pharmaceutical industry as an informant.” Lancet. 2002; 360: 1405–1409.

53. John Abramson and Barbara Starfield. “The effect of conflict of interest on biomedical research and clinical practice guidelines: can we trust the evidence in evidence-based medicine?” Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 2005; 18(5).

54. K.L. Phua and F.I. Achike. “Vioxx and other pharmaceutical product withdrawals: ethical issues in ensuring the integrity of drug and medical device research, development, and commercialization.” Clinical Ethics. 2007; 2: 155–162.

55. Naveed Akhtar. “Is homocysteine a risk factor for atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease?” Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2007; 49(12): 1370–1371.

56. William Cromie. “B vitamins cut heart disease risk for women.” The Harvard University Gazette. February 5, 1998.

57. www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/333/7578/1114

58. Lisa Davis. “Custom-fit vitamins.” Readers Digest. November 2001, 88.

59. S. Hirsch, H. Sanchez, C. Albala, M.P. de la Maza, G. Barrera, L. Leiva, and D. Bunout. “Colon cancer in Chile before and after the start of the flour fortification program with folic acid.” European Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology. 2009 Apr; 21(4): 436–9.

 

Chapter 4

60. Lara Moscrip. “High cost of health in golden years.” CNN Money. June 3, 2008. http://money.cnn.com/2008/06/03/pf/retirement/retiree_health/ index. htm?postversion=2008060318.

61. J. Weil, D. Colin-Jones, M. Langman, D. Lawson, R. Logan, M. Murphy, M. Rawlins, M. Vessey, and P. Wainwright. “Prophylactic aspirin and risk of peptic ulcer bleeding.” British Medical Journal. 1995; 310(6983) 827–830; Reuters. “Aspirin no heart protection for diabetics: study.” Wire story, October 17, 2008.

62. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.nih.gov/news/pr/ mar2005/nhlbi-07.htm.

63. John Weil, et al. “Prophylactic aspirin and risk of peptic ulcer bleeding.” British Medical Journal. 1995; 310: 827–830.

64. Michael Tauchert. “Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association Class III heart failure.” American Heart Journal. 2002; 143(5): 910–915.

65. Brenda Goodman. “Questions are raised about the safety of a major heart drug.” New York Times. March 13, 2006.

66. George Bakris. “Apply antihypertensive therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes.” Medscape Today. www.medscape.com/viewarticle/536351_14.

67. www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0Y-48J0811-G& _user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct= C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=094c16364c30 ed943b96ca1ac0f0a2bc.
www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1836829.
www.physiciansweekly.com/article.asp?issueid=334&articleid=3125.
www.jstor.org/pss/3702453.

68. Michael Tauchert. “Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association Class III heart failure.” American Heart Journal. 2002; 143(5): 910–915.

69. Ann Walker, et al. “Promising hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: a randomized double-blind pilot study of mild, essential hypertension.” Phytotherapy Research. 2002; 16(1): 48–54.

70. Marilyn Barrett. The Handbook of Clinically Tested Herbal Remedies, Vol. 2. Hawthorn Herbal Press. 2004.

71. Jane Higdon. An Evidence-Based Approach to Vitamins and Minerals: Health Benefits and Intake Recommendations, 2003.

 

Chapter 5

72. www.health.harvard.edu/press_releases/sleep_deprivation_problem.

73. R.H. Yang. “Paradoxical sleep deprivation impairs spatial learning and affects membrane excitability and mitochondrial protein in the hippocampus.” Brain Research. 2008; 1230: 224–232.

74. Ruben Guzmán-Marín, et al. “Sleep deprivation reduces proliferation of cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rats.” The Journal of Physiology. 2003; 549(2): 563–571.

75. William Lee. “Assessing causality in ALF: results from the ALF study group.” UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. January 26, 2006. www8.utsouthwestern.edu/liver.

76. Stephanie Saul. “Sleep drugs found only mildly effective, but wildly popular.” New York Times. October 3, 2007.

77. Stephen Bent, Amy Padula, Dan Moore, Michael Patterson, and Wolf Mehling. “Valerian for sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” The American Journal of Medicine. 2006; 119 (12): 1005–1012.

78. www.rls.org/Page.aspx?pid=479.

79. J. Lazarou, B. Pomeranz, and P. Corey. “Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients.” Journal of the American Medical Association. 1998; 279: 1200–1205.

 

Chapter 6

80. Cesar A. Arias and Barbara E. Murray. “Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the 21st century—a clinical super-challenge.” New England Journal of Medicine. 2009; 360(5): 439–443.

81. Ibid.

82. Ibid.

83. Ricki Lewis. “The rise of antibiotic-resistant infections.” FDA Consumer Magazine. September 1995.

84. Cesar A. Arias and Barbara E. Murray. “Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the 21st century—A clinical super-challenge.” New England Journal of Medicine. 2009; 360(5): 439–443.

85. B.P. McCloskey. “The relation of prophylactic inoculations to the onset of poliomyelitis: a study of 620 cases in the Victorian epidemic of poliomyelitis in 1949.” The Medical Journal of Australia. 1951; 1(17): 613–618.

86. Laura MacInnis. “Nigeria fights rare vaccine-derived polio outbreak.” Reuters. October 8, 2007.

87. Joel Arak. “Whooping cough deaths on the rise.” Reuters. July 18, 2002.

88. Alison Young. “Whooping cough vaccine not as powerful as thought.” Atlanta Journal-Constitution. March 22, 2009.

89. R. Mendelsohn. How To Raise A Healthy Child in Spite of Your Doctor. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1984.

90. R.M. Jacobson, G.A. Poland, R.A. Viekant, V.S. Pankratz, D.J. Schaid, S.J. Jacobsen, J.S. Sauver, and S.B. Moore. “The association of class I HLA alleles and antibody levels after a single dose of measles vaccine.” Human Immunology. 2003; 64(1): 103–9.

91. Gustavo H. Dayan, MD, M. Patricia Quinlisk, MD, MPH, Amy A. Parker, MSN, MPH, Albert E. Barskey, MPH, Meghan L. Harris, MPH, Jennifer M. Hill Schwartz, MPH, Kae Hunt, BA, Carol G. Finley, BS, Dennis P. Leschinsky, BS, Anne L. O’Keefe, MD, MPH, Joshua Clayton, BS, Lon K. Kightlinger, PhD, MSPH, Eden G. Dietle, BS, Jeffrey Berg, Cynthia L. Kenyon, MPH, Susan T. Goldstein, MD, Shannon K. Stokley, MPH, Susan B. Redd, Paul A. Rota, PhD, Jennifer Rota, MPH, Daoling Bi, MS, Sandra W. Roush, MT, MPH, Carolyn B. Bridges, MD, Tammy A. Santibanez, PhD, Umesh Parashar, MB, BS, MPH, William J. Bellini, PhD, and Jane F. Seward, MB, BS, MPH “Recent resurgence of mumps in the United States.” New England Journal of Medicine. 2008; 358(15): 1580–1589.

92. Centers for Disease Control. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm 5301a3.htm.

93. Brenda Goodman. “Doubts grow over flu vaccine in elderly.” New York Times. September 1, 2008.

94. www.modernmom.com/mommywood/article/2201.

95. David Pacchioli. “The joy of garlic.” Research/Penn State. 1999; 20(2). www. rps.psu.edu/may99/garlic.html.

96. Eikai Kyo, Naoto Uda, Shigeo Kasuga, and Yoichi Itakura. “Immunomodulatory effects of aged garlic extract.” Journal of Nutrition. 2001; 131: 1075S–1079S.

97. Youhong Xu, et al. “An investigation on the antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata extracts and Andrographolide in vitro.” Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 2006; 5(3): 527–530.

 

Chapter 7

98. Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, 1991; Current Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1994; National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Deptartment of Health and Human Services (HHS), December 1995.

99. Ibid.

100. D. Bach and L. Ebling. “Long-term drug treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of a prospective three-year multicenter study using sabal extract IDS 89.” Phytomedicine. 1996; 3: 105–111.

101. M. Suzuki, Y. Ito, T. Fujino, M. Abe, K. Umegaki, S. Onoue, H. Noguchi, and S. Yamada. “Pharmacological effects of saw palmetto extract in the lower urinary tract.” Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2009; 30(3): 227–81.

102. Frans Debruyne, Peter Boyle, Fernando Calais, Da Silva, Jay G. Gillenwater, Freddie C. Hamdy, Paul Perrin, Pierre Teillac, Remigio Vela-Navarrete, Jean-Pierre Raynaud, and Claude C. Schulman. “Evaluation of the clinical benefit of permixon and tamsulosin in severe BPH patients—PERMAL study subset analysis.” European Urology. 2004; 45(6): 773–780.

103. A.B. Awad, A.T. Burr, and C.S. Fink. “Effect of resveratrol and beta-sitosterol in combination on reactive oxygen species and prostaglandin release by PC-3 cells.” Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 2005; 72(3): 219–26.

104. R.R. Berges, J. Windeler, and H.J. Trampisch, et al. “Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of beta-sitosterol in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.” Lancet. 1995; 345: 152932.

105. M.C. Andro and J.P. Riffaud. “Pygeum africanum extract for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review of twenty-five years of published experience.” Current Therapeutic Research. 1995; 56: 796–817.

106. G. Schiebel-Schlosser and M. Friederich. “Phytotherapy pf BPH with pumpkin seeds—a multicenter clinical trial. Zeits Phytother. 1998; 19: 71–6; M. Friederich, C. Theurer, G. Schiebel-Scholosser. “Prosta Fink Forte capsules in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.” (Multicentric surveillance study in 2245 patients.) Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2000; 7: 200–4 [in German]; Zhang X, Ouyang JZ, Zhang YS, et al. “Effect of the extracts of pumpkin seeds on the urodynamics of rabbits: an experimental study.” Journal of Tongji Medical University. 1994; 14: 235–8.

 

Chapter 8

107. Vision Problems in the U.S. Report (Prevent Blindness America and NEI). Archives of Ophthalmology. 2004; 122: 532–538, 564–572. www.usvisionproblems.org and www.nei.nih.gov.

108. F.J. Giblin. “Glutathione: a vital lens antioxidant.” Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics . 2000; 16(2): 121–35.
C.R. Gale, N.F. Hall, D.I. Phillips, et al. “Plasma antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids and age-related cataract.” Ophthalmology, 2001; 108: 1992–1998. P.F. Jacques, L.T. Chylack, Jr., S.E. Hankinson, et al. “Long-term nutrient intake and early age-related nuclear lens opacities,” Archives of Ophthalmology. 2001; 119: 1009–1019. (In one study, a combination of bilberry and vitamin E stopped cataract formation in 97 percent of the patients without side effects.) G.O. Bravetti. “Preventive medical treatment of senile cataract with vitamin E and Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides.” Clinical evaluation. Ann Ottalmol Clinical Ocul. 115 (1989): 109.
A. Taylor. “Cataract: relationship between nutrition and oxidation.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 1993; 12(2): 138–46.
M.C. Leske, L.T. Chylack Jr., Q. He, S.Y. Wu, E. Schoenfeld, J. Friend, and J. Wolfe. “Antioxidant vitamins and nuclear opacities: the longitudinal study of cataract.” University Medical Center at Stony Brook, New York. 1998; 105(5): 831–836. (OBJECTIVE: The association of antioxidant nutrients and risk of nuclear opacification was evaluated in the Longitudinal Study of Cataract;
Antioxidants May Slow Cataract Progression; A nutritional diet that includes beta-carotene [18 mg/day], vitamin C [750 mg/day], and vitamin E [600 mg/ day] has been shown to modify the progression of cataracts, according to the Roche European-American Cataract Trial results; Dietary lutein and cryptoxanthin were associated with 70 percent lower risk of nuclear cataracts in those under age sixty-five.)

109. M.S. Passo, et al. “Regular exercise lowers intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients.” Investigative Ophthalmology. ARVO Abstracts. 1994; 35.

 

Chapter 9

110. “War on cancer needs ‘new direction,’ panel tells congress.” New York Times. September 30, 1994; “Cancer passes heart disease as top killer.” Associated Press. January 20, 2005.

111. C.M. Leontine Kremer, MD, PhD and Huib N. Caron, MD, PhD. “Anthracycline cardiotoxicity in children.” New England Journal of Medicine. 2004; 351(2): 120–121.

112. Featured on NBC News Today Show. www.medpagetoday.com/Meeting Coverage/SABCS/7682.

113. National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet. www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/therapy/tamoxifen.

114. Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.

115. C.M. Leontine Kremer, MD, PhD, and Huib N. Caron, MD, PhD. “Anthracycline cardiotoxicity in children.” New England Journal of Medicine. 2004; 351(2): 120–121.

116. Ellis Rehema. “Cancer docs profit from chemotherapy drugs.” NBC. September 21, 2006; Maartje J. Hooning, PhD, department of medical oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Jay Brooks, MD, chairman, hematology/oncology, Ochsner Health System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Journal of Clinical Oncology.

117. Amanda Gardner. “Younger breast cancer survivors risk disease in other breast.” Washington Post. October 15, 2008.

118. Jon Christensen. “Scientist at work: John Reed; running hot in pursuit of cancer treatment.” New York Times. December 12, 2005.

119. John C. Reed, MD, PhD. Research Focus Burnham Institute of Medical Research. www.burnham.org/default.asp?contentID=215.

120. Annelyse Duvois, et al. “Chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of curcumin.” Cancer Letters. 2005; 223: 181–190.

121. Bryan Smith. “Indian gold.” Men’s Health. 2008.

122. Bryan Smith. “Best food for men nutrition awards.” Men’s Health. 2008.

123. Jeremy James Johnson and Hasan Mukhtar. “Curcumin for chemoprevention of colon cancer.” Cancer Letters. 2007; 255(2): 170–181.

124. K.M. Dhandapani, V.B. Mahesh, and D.W. Brann. “Curcumin suppresses growth and chemoresistance of human glioblastoma cells via AP-1 and NFkappaB transcription factors.” Journal of Neurochemistry. 2007; 102(2): 522–38.

125. Matthew Miller, Shenglin Chen, Jeffrey Woodliff, and Sanjay Kansra. “Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and decreases hormone levels and secretion in pituitary tumor cells.” Endocrinololgy. 2008; 149 (8): 4158–67.

126. “Sunshine might stop skin cancers,” BBC News, February 1, 2005. http://news. bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4225195.stm.

127. Lawrence H. Kushi, ScD, Tim Byers, MD, MPH, Colleen Doyle, MS, RD, Elisa V. Bandera, MD, PhD, Marji McCullough, ScD, RD, Ted Gansler, MD, MBA, Kimberly S. Andrews, Michael J. Thun, MD, MS, and The American Cancer Society 2006 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. “American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention.” A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2006; 56: 254–281.

128. C. Garland, F. Garland, and E. Gorham. “Could sunscreens increase melanoma risk?” American Journal of Public Health 82 1992; (4): 614–5.

 

Chapter 10

129. Pope Parker. “Diabetes: underrated, insidious, and deadly.” New York Times. July 1, 2008.

130. H.M. Connolly, J.L. Crary, and M.D. McGoon, et al. “Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine.” New England Journal of Medicine. 1997; 337: 581–588.

131. Gadde et al,"Bupropion for weight loss: an investigation of efficacy and tolerability in overweight and obese women.” Obesity Research. 2001; 9(9): 544–551.

132. K. Venkat Narayan. “Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States.” Journal of the American Medical Association. 2003; 290: 1884–1890.

133. http://public.nhlbi.nih.gov/newsroom/home/GetPressRelease.aspx?id =2573

134. Alam Khan, et al. “Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes.” Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 3215–3218.

135. Joanna Hlebowicz, et al. “Effect of cinnamon on postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying, and satiety in healthy subjects.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007; 85(6): 1552-1556.

136. Subash Babu. “Cinnamaldehyde—a potential antidiabetic agent.” Phytomedicine. 2007; 14(1): 15-22.

 

Chapter 11

137. A.K. Halyburton, G. D. Brinkworth, C. J. Wilson, M. Noakes, J.D. Buckley, J.B. Keogh, and P. M. Clifton. “Low- and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets have similar effects on mood but not cognitive performance.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007; 86(3): 580–587.

138. FDA Avandia alert. www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01636.html.

139. Krispin Sullivan. “The miracle of vitamin C: wise traditions.” Food, Farming, and the Healing Arts. 2000; Zeynep Dilek Aydin. “Sun exposure may confound physical activity: Prostate Cancer Association.” Archives of Internal Medicine. 2005; 165(21).

140. J.L. Ivy. “Role of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and nondependent diabetes mellitus.” Sports Medicine. 1997; 24(5): 321–336.