Podcasting has become very popular in the last couple of years. Right now, there are thousands of podcasts available on the web, touching upon any topic or niche imaginable. Basically, a podcast is like a radio show or program, but run on entirely the internet. Under the hood, however, a podcast is just an audio recording. It can be episodic or serial, depending on your preference and the way you want to make it. The main idea with podcasts is that people can subscribe to them and they are notified whenever a new episode becomes available. Basically, your subscribers, instead of reading your posts on their computers, can listen to your content through their headphones at any time.
Adding a podcast to your WordPress blog is quite easy. From a technical point of view, the subscription mechanism of a podcast is handled by Really Simple Syndication (RSS) feeds. RSS is a web technology that allows you to deliver (or consume) content structured in an XML format. RSS feeds are usually organized with the most recent information at the top. The way WordPress works with RSS feeds by default, is that it enables feeds for your most recent posts, as well as for the most recent comments. Whoever wants to stay up to date with your content can use one of the popular feed aggregators and connect to your website's RSS feed. For example, Feedly (https://feedly.com) is a popular solution.
Using an RSS feed is also how podcast distribution is handled in WordPress. While generating your blog's RSS feeds, WordPress automatically adds all the required tags if an audio file is linked within that post. These tags are read by podcast clients/tools (such as iTunes). Therefore, all you need to do is create a post, and WordPress will handle the rest for you.