1. To the House of Commons, then broadcast, 18 June 1940. Churchill, Blood, Sweat and Tears, p.314; Into Battle, p.234.
2. Kennedy, Great Powers, p.475.
3. Churchill, Blood, Sweat and Tears, p.314, cf. p.307; Into Battle, p.234, cf. p.227.
4. Churchill, End of the Beginning, p.215 (10 November 1942).
5. Brown, Louis and Low (eds.), Oxford History of the British Empire, iv, 5.
6. Cadogan, 23 May 1945, p.745.
7. Robbins, 11 Oct.1945, p.233.
8. I paraphrase Gallagher and Robinson, EHR, vi, 15; cf. Gallagher, Decline, Revival, and Fall of the British Empire.
1. Churchill, World Crisis, ii, p.1122.
2. Jenkins, Churchill, p.457.
3. Gilbert, viii, pp.1122–3.
4. Tippett, Karsh, ch.7.
5. Churchill, Blood, Sweat and Tears, p.276; Into Battle, p.208.
6. Churchill, Blood, Sweat and Tears, p.297; Into Battle, p.223.
7. Churchill, Blood, Sweat and Tears, p.351; Into Battle, p.262; cf. Reynolds, Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance, pp.129–31.
8. FDR–WSC, 4 June 1944, p.10.
9. Thorne, Allies of a Kind, p.119.
10. SWW, i, p.345.
11. Reynolds, In Command of History, p.52.
12. Morgenthau, Aug.1944, p.337.
13. Reynolds, Creation, p.165.
14. Text of Atlantic Charter in Cadogan, pp.400–401.
15. 9 September 1941, Reynolds, Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance, p.259.
16. Louis, Imperialism at Bay, p.125.
17. Morgenthau, 17 Dec.1940, pp.208–9.
18. Kimball, Forged in War, p.72.
19. Churchill, Unrelenting Struggle, p.60.
20. TT, 3 Nov.1941.
21. Churchill, Unrelenting Struggle, pp.296, 298; ‘the most unsordid act in the history of any nation’ in SWW, ii, p.503, cited as a speech to Parliament; cf. Reynolds, Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance, p.161, citing PREM notes.
22. JMK, xxiii, pp.87–8.
23. ibid., xxiii, p.106.
24. ibid., xxiii, p.86.
25. Cadogan, p.400.
26. Gardner, Sterling–Dollar Diplomacy, pp.58–9.
27. Kimball, Most Unsordid Act, pp.207, 217.
28. Black, Roosevelt, p.595.
29. Vandenberg, 28 October 1944, p.123.
30. Edwards, Foreign Policy of McCormick, pp.176–85, 189; cf. Kimball, Forged in War, pp.75–6, 124
31. SWW, iii, p.538.
32. ibid., p.539.
33. Reynolds, Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance, p.221.
34. Staley, AER, xxxiii, 367n; Thorne, Allies of a Kind, pp.111, 506.
35. Thorne, Allies of a Kind, p.138.
36. SWW, iv, p.185.
37. Kimball (ed.), Churchill and Roosevelt, i, pp.400–402.
38. FDR–WSC, 4 March 1942, p.184.
39. SWW, iv, p.190.
40. TOP, i, pp.403–4.
41. Gilbert, vii, p.78.
42. Clarke, Cripps, p.305.
43. FRUS 1942, i, p.631.
44. FDR–WSC, 11 April 1942, pp.202–3.
45. Kimball (ed.), Churchill and Roosevelt, i, p.448.
46. NYT, 13 April 1942.
47. Thorne, Allies of a Kind, p.358.
48. JMK, xxiii, pp.224–5.
49. 10 January 1942, Pressnell, Post-War Financial Settlement, p.51.
50. Facsimile, 5 Feb.1942, in ibid., pp.384–6.
51. WSC–FDR, p.176.
52. Gardner, Sterling–Dollar Diplomacy, p.65.
53. Kennedy, Great Powers, tables 34 and 38, pp.455, 458.
54. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics, pp.840–41.
55. £ 1 = $4.03. Simplified from Sayers, Financial Policy, table 12, p.501, which includes other items that complicate the accounts – and also make them balance exactly.
56. 13 Aug.1945, JMK, xxiv, p.399.
57. Robbins, 13 May 1943, p.19.
58. Robbins, 2June 1943, p.52.
59. Robbins 15 June 1943, p.72.
60. Robbins, 23 June 1943, p.84.
61. Gardner, Sterling–Dollar Diplomacy, p.97.
62. JMK, xxvi, p.10 (23 May 1944).
63. ibid., pp.27–9.
64. Gardner, Sterling–Dollar Diplomacy, p.111.
65. Robbins, 24 June 1944, pp.158–9.
66. Robbins, 30 June 1944, p.166.
67. Robbins, 22 July 1944, p.193.
68. Reynolds, Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance, pp.191–2.
69. Porch, Path to Victory, pp, 328, 280.
70. Kimball, Forged in War, p.153
71. SWW, iv, p.59; House of Commons, 27 Jan.1942.
72. TT, 24 Oct.1945.
73. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p.341.
74. Butcher diary, 3 June 1943, quoted in Hamilton, Monty, ii, p.333.
75. SWW, iv, p.662.
76. TT, 21 Sep.1944.
77. Dalton, 1–2 Jan.1944, War Diary, p.693.
78. Porch, Path to Victory, pp.680–81.
79. Dalton, 9 May 1945, War Diary, p.857.
80. Kimball, Forged in War, p.170.
81. Thorne, Allies of a Kind, p.275.
82. Cadogan, p.400.
83. Butcher, 9 Aug.1944, pp.637–8.
84. NYT, 1 Aug.1944.
85. TT, 5 Aug.1944; NYT 2 Aug.1944.
86. NC, 22 and 23 Aug.1944.
87. DM, 25 Aug.1944.
88. Chips, 23, 25 and 31 Aug.1944, pp.478–9.
89. SWW, vi, p.124.
1. G&M, 12 Sep.1944.
2. Gilbert, vii, p.968.
3. SWW, vi, p.58.
4. Kimball, Forged in War, p.182.
5. Gilbert, vii, p.852.
6. Butler, Art of the Possible, p.91.
7. Gilbert, viii, p.468.
8. Amery, 4 Sep.1944, p.998.
9. Colville, 14 Aug.1944, p.130.
10. Alanbrooke, 14 Aug.1944, p.580.
11. Alanbrooke, 15 Aug.1943, p.441.
12. Amery, 6 Sep.1944, p.998.
13. Morgenthau, 17 Aug.1944, p.340.
14. Cadogan 15 Sept., p.665.
15. Alanbrooke, 8 and 9 Sep.1944, pp.589–90; cf. Bryant, Triumph in the West, pp.269–70.
16. Alanbrooke, 8 Sep.1944, p.589.
17. Kimball, Forged in War, p.246.
18. Porch, Path to Victory, p.629.
19. King, 12 Sep.1944, Record, p.71; cf. SWW, vi, pp.57, 65.
20. Alanbrooke, 10 Sep.1944, p.590.
21. Colville, 7 Sep.1944, p.139.
22. SWW, vi, p.131.
23. King, 11 Sep.1944, Record, pp.65, 67.
24. Moran, p.219.
25. King, 12 Sep.1944.
26. Gilbert, vii, p.969.
27. King, 11 Sep.1944, Record, p.67.
28. SWW, vi, pp.132–3.
29. Moran, 20 Sep.1944, p.224.
30. King, 13 Sep.1944.
31. SWW, vi, p.133.
32. ibid., p.129.
33. Alanbrooke, p. xlviii.
34. Alanbrooke, 12, 13, 14 and 15 Sep.1944, pp.591–3.
35. King, 14 and 12 Sep.1944.
36. King, 11 Sep.1944, Record, pp.65, 67.
37. King, 12 Sep.1944, Record, p.72.
38. King, 14 Sep.1944, Record, p.75.
39. Alanbrooke, 14 Sep.1944, p.593.
40. King, 14 Sep.1944, Record, p.82.
41. Amery 4 Sep.1944 p.998; cf. Dalton, p.787.
42. Colville, 5 and 6 Sep.1944, pp.137–8.
43. Colville, 14 Sep.1944, p.144.
44. King, 14 Sep.1944.
45. Berlin, 25 Jan.1945, Flourishing, p.523.
46. Moran, 13 Sep.1944, p.216.
47. New York Post, 24–9 Nov.1947, in Morgenthau, p.369.
48. Moran, 13 Sep.1944, p.217.
49. Morgenthau, 15 Sep.1944, p.370.
50. Morgenthau, 29 Sep.1944, p.379.
51. Morgenthau, 17 Aug.1944, p.341.
52. Butcher, 19 Sep.1944, p.669.
53. Morgenthau, 23 Aug.1944, p.344.
54. Gilbert, vi, p.798.
55. ibid., p.1035.
56. Morgenthau, (23) Aug.1944, p.336.
57. Morgenthau, 19 Aug.1944, p.308.
58. King, 11 Sep.1944, Record, p.67.
59. Reynolds, Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance, p.117.
60. ibid., p.136.
61. Morgenthau, 19 Aug.1944, p.309.
62. Morgenthau, 25 Aug.1944, p.310.
63. Agreed record, 14 Sep.1944, JMK, xxiv, pp.126–7.
64. Colville, 14 Sep.1944, p.145.
65. Morgenthau, p.373.
66. Colville, 15 Sep.1944, p.145.
67. King, 14 Sep.1944, Record, p.78.
1. Macmillan, 8 Oct.1944, p.544.
2. Colville, 8 Oct.1944, p.156.
3. Moran, 9 Oct.1944, p.236.
4. Alanbrooke, 10 Oct.1944, p.603.
5. Gilbert, vii, p.991.
6. Moran, 8 Oct.1944, p.234.
7. Gilbert, vii, pp.991–2.
8. Ian Jacob, 26 Oct.1944, in Gilbert, vii, p.992n.
9. Reynolds, In Command of History, pp.458–9.
10. SWW, vi, p.203.
11. Gilbert, vii, p.1002.
12. ibid., p.1008; cf. Dallas, Poisoned Peace, pp.81–3.
13. Gilbert, vii, pp.1013–14.
14. ibid., p.1028.
15. Moran, 16 Oct.1944, p.248.
16. Alanbrooke, 12 Oct.1944, p.604.
17. SWW, vi, p.175.
18. DM, 1 Sep.1944; cf. Butcher, p.653.
19. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p.243.
20. Butcher, 18 April 1944, p.525.
21. Morgan, Overture to Overlord, p.275.
22. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p.338.
23. ibid., p.468.
24. Butcher, 7 Sep.1944, p.657.
25. Bradley and Blair, General’s Life, p.31.
26. Butcher, 20 Nov.1944, p.702.
27. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p.306.
28. Reynolds, Rich Relations, pp.393–4.
29. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p.489.
30. Blumenson, Patton Papers, p.539.
31. ibid., p.550.
32 ibid., p.533.
33. Butcher, 24Sep. and 29Oct.1944, pp.671–2, 694.
34. Blumenson, Patton Papers, p.548.
35. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p.312.
36. Butcher, 24Sep.1944, p.675.
37. Montgomery, Memoirs, pp.297–8.
38. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p.518n.
39. Alanbrooke, 5O ct.1944, p.600.
40. Cadogan, 30O ct.1944, p.676.
41. Alanbrooke, 9 Nov.1944, p.620.
42. Alanbrooke, 20 Oct.1944, p.612.
43. Gilbert, vii, p.1047.
44. Chips, 7 Nov.1944, p.483.
45. Cadogan, 6 Nov.1944, p.678.
46. Meinertzhagen, 28 April 1944, pp.190–91; cf. p.204.
47. Rose, Churchill, p.157.
48. Gilbert, v, p.847.
49. Amery, p.364.
50. Gilbert, v, p.847.
51. Gilbert, v, p.1070
52. Gilbert, vii p.1049.
53. Alanbrooke, 6 Nov.1944, p.618.
54. Amery, 6 Nov.1944, p.1018.
55. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.830.
56. Vandenberg, p.124.
57. Economist, 11 Nov.1944, pp.631–2.
58. 5 HL Debs., cxxiii, 199 (9 June 1942).
59. Gilbert, vi, p.1163.
60. 5 HL Debs, cxxiii, 199 (9 June 1942).
61. TT, 18 Nov.1944.
62. Berlin, Flourishing, p.690.
63. Berlin, 9 Aug.1943, ibid., pp.443–51, atpp.449, 450.
64. Ignatieff, Isaiah Berlin, pp.117–18.
65. Baffy, ? 7 Nov. (misdated 5 Nov.), 9 Nov.1944, pp.217–18.
1. Colville, 26 Nov.1944, p.162.
2. Morgenthau, mid-Nov.1944, pp.319–20.
3. Morgenthau, 17 Nov.1944, p.382.
4. Cadogan, 21 Nov.1944, p.682.
5. Alanbrooke, 17 Nov.1944, pp.626–7.
6. Macmillan, Blast of War, p.246.
7. Dalton, 1– 2 Jan 1944, War Diary, p.693.
8. Cadogan, 23 Nov.1944, p.682.
9. Amery, 23 Nov.1944, p.1020.
10. Alanbrooke, 24 Nov.1944, p.628; cf. Bryant, Triumph in the West, p.338.
11. D’ Este, Eisenhower, p.489; cf. pp.324–6.
12. Alanbrooke, 26 Nov.1944, p.629.
13. Alanbrooke, 27 Nov.1944, p.629.
14. Alanbrooke, 28 Nov.1944, pp.629–30.
15. Dalton, 28 Nov.1944, War Diary, p.810.
16. Amery, 28 Nov.1944, pp.1010–11.
17. Macmillan, 28 Nov.1944, p.593.
18. Amery, 30 Nov.1944, p.1021.
19. Colville, 30 Nov.1944, pp.163–4.
20. Cadogan, 1 Dec.1944, p.684.
21. Alanbrooke, 2 Dec.1944, p.631.
22. FDR–WSC, 3 Dec.1944, p.615.
23. JMK, xxiv, pp.167–8.
24. Morgenthau, 18 Nov.1944, p.320.
25. 14. Stettinius, 21 Nov.1944, p.175.
26. Morgenthau, 21 Nov.1944, p.320.
27. Stettinius, 21 Nov.1944, p.176.
28. Thorne, Allies of a Kind, pp.111, 145, 279, 392, 506n.
29. Forrestal, 23 Nov.1944, pp.36–7.
30. Colville, 25 Nov.1944, p.162.
31. FDR–WSC, 28 Nov.1944, p.610.
32. Stettinius, 26 Nov.1944, pp.278–80.
33. JMK, xxiv, p.188.
34. ibid., p.204.
35. TT, 1 Dec.1944.
36. Stettinius, 22 Dec.1944, p.204.
37. TT, 1 Dec.1944.
38. Baruch letter, 1 Dec.1944, Morgenthau, p.323.
39. Morgenthau, 27 Nov.1944, p.392.
40. Stettinius, 27 Nov.1944, p.184.
41. WD, 27 Nov 1944, p.465.
42. Cadogan, 26 Nov.1944, p.684.
43. Gilbert, vii, 994.
44. Macmillan, 28 Nov.1944, p.593.
45. WD, 2 Dec.1944, p.467.
46. Alanbrooke, 4Dec.1944, p.632. This offensive comment was clearly directed at Eisenhower, not Bradley, as Bryant’s eviscerated version of 1959ambiguously implied; Triumph in the West, p.346.
47. Macmillan, 4 Dec.1944, p.596.
48. Colville, 4 Dec.1944, pp.166–7.
49. SWW, vi, 252–3.
50. Colville, 4 Dec.1944, pp.166–7.
51. Nicolson, ii, 415 (5Dec.1944).
52. Alanbrooke, 5 Dec 1944, p.632.
53. Colville, 5 Dec.1944, p.168.
54. Macmillan, 5 Dec.1944, p.597.
55. Dalton, 5 Dec.1944, War Diary, pp.810–12.
56. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp.838–9.
57. FDR–WSC, pp.619–21.
58. ibid., pp.616–19.
59. Macmillan, 7 Dec.1944, pp.598–9.
60. Amery, 7 Dec.1944, p.1021.
61. Colville, 7 Dec.1944, p.168.
62. Cadogan, 8 Dec.1944, pp.685–6.
63. Colville, 8 Dec.1944, p.168.
64. Nicolson, ii, p.417 (8 Dec.1944).
65. Macmillan, 8 Dec.1944, p.599.
66. Nicolson, ii, p.416 (8 Dec.1944).
67. Amery, 8 Dec.1944, p.1022.
68. Dalton, 8 Dec.1944, War Diary, pp.813–14.
69. Commons, 8 Dec.1944, SWW, vi, pp.256–8; cf. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.839.
70. MO 2454; cf. Reynolds, Rich Relations, pp, 103, 393.
71. MO 2229 (April 1944).
72. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.840 (10 Dec.1944).
73. Alanbrooke, 11 Dec.1944, p.634.
74. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.841.
75. WD, 10 Dec.1944, p.473.
76. Alanbrooke, 12 Dec.1944, pp.634–5.
77. Alanbrooke, 13 Dec.1944, p.635.
78. Butcher, 16 Dec.1944, p.723.
79. Macmillan, 8 and 9 Dec.1944, p.600.
80. Colville, 11 and 12 Dec.1944, p.169.
81. Dalton, e.g.27 Feb.1941, War Diary, p.167.
82. Amery, 13 Dec.1944, p.1022.
83. Dalton, 13 Dec.1944, War Diary, p.816.
84. Bullock, Bevin, ii, pp.344–5.
85. FDR–WSC, 15 Dec 1944, p.630.
86. WD, 17 Dec.1944, pp.476–7.
87. Colville, 14 and 15 Dec.1944, pp.170–71.
88. SWW, vi, pp.263–4, cf. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.842.
89. Stettinius, 18 Dec.1944, p.200.
90. WD, 24 Dec.1944, pp.481–3.
91. Macmillan, 15 Dec.1944, p.607.
92. Butcher, 16 Dec.1944, p.722.
93. Alanbrooke, 13 Dec.1944, p.635.
1. To Albert Speer, Kershaw, Hitler, ii, p.732.
2. 11– 12Dec.1944, Kershaw, Hitler, ii, p.743.
3. Cadogan, 18 Dec.1944, p.688.
4. Nicolson, ii, p.419 (18 Dec 1944).
5. Alanbrooke, 18 Dec.1944, p.636.
6. 6. Nicolson, ii, 419 (19 Dec.1944).
7. Butcher, 23 Dec.1944, p.730.
8. Butcher, 22 Dec.1944, p.724.
9. Alanbrooke, 20 Dec 1944, p.637.
10. D’Este, Eisenhower, p.648.
11. Butcher, 26 Feb.1945, p.763.
12. Butcher, 23 Dec.1944, p.730.
13. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p.592.
14. Bryant, Triumph in the West, p.367; Hamilton, Monty, iii, p.219.
15. Alanbrooke, 30 Dec.1944, p.638.
16. Hamilton, Monty, iii, p.279;D’Este, Eisenhower, pp.656–7.
17. Cadogan, 16 Dec.1944, p.687.
18. Cadogan, 17 Dec.1944, p.688.
19. Macmillan, 19 Dec.1944, p.611.
20. Colville, 19 and 20 Dec.1944, p.171.
21. Nicolson, ii, p.421 (20 Dec.1944).
22. SWW, vi, pp.255, 266.
23. Macmillan, Blast of War, p.518.
24. Cadogan, 21 Dec.1944, p.689.
25. Eden diary, 21 Dec.1944, in Cadogan, p.689.
26. Macmillan, 21 Dec.1944, p.613.
27. Colville, 22 Dec.1944, p.172.
28. Gilbert, vii, p.1115.
29. Macmillan, 25 Dec.1944, p.616.
30. 20. Moran, 25Dec.1944, p.256.
31. Colville, 26 Dec.1944, p.175.
32. SWW, vi, pp.274–6.
33. Macmillan, 26 Dec.1944, p.617.
34. Colville, 26 Dec.1944, p.176.
35. Moran, 26 Dec 1944, p.258.
36. Macmillan, 26 Dec.1944, p.618.
37. Moran, 26 Dec.1944, p.259.
38. Colville, 26 Dec.1944, p.180.
39. Macmillan, 26 Dec.1944, p.619.
40. Moran, 26 Dec.1944, p.260.
41. Moran, 27 Dec.1944, p.261.
42. Colville, 27 Dec.1944, p.182.
43. 26 Dec.1944 but misdated 27 Dec. in SWW, vi, p.273 (probably receipt date).
44. Macmillan, Blast of War, p.525.
45. Macmillan, 27 Dec.1944, p.620.
46. Macmillan, 28 Dec.1944, p.629.
47. Nicolson, ii, p.423 (30 Dec.1944).
48. WD, 31 Dec.1944, p.487.
49. Cadogan, 3 Jan.1945, p.692.
50. Macmillan, 31 Dec.1944, p.631.
51. Alanbrooke, 30 Dec.1944, p.638.
52. Dalton, 21 Dec.1944, War Diary, p.821.
53. Amery, 28 Dec.1944, p.1023.
54. Cadogan, 27 Dec.1944, p.691.
55. Meade, 31 Dec.1944, p.21.
56. WD, 31 Dec.1944, pp.486, 488.
57. WD, 7 Jan.1945, p.494.
58. Thorne, Allies of a Kind, p.108.
59. Berlin, 1 Feb.1945, Flourishing, p.528.
60. Economist, 30 Dec.1944, pp.857–8.
61. WD, 7 Jan.1945, p.494.
62. NYT, 7 Jan.1945.
63. WD, 7 Jan.1945, p.493.
64. NYT, 7 Jan.1945.
65. Economist, 7 Jan.1945, p.1.
66. DM, 2 Jan.1945.
67. G& M, 6 Nov.2004.
68. MacDonald, Time for Trumpets, p.614.
69. Butcher, 1 Jan.1945, p.737.
70. Alanbrooke, 13 Nov.1944, p.623.
71. Alanbrooke, 2 Jan.1945, p.641.
72. Colville, 2 Jan.1945, p.185.
73. Amery, 2 Jan.1945, p.1023.
74. Colville, 5 Jan.1945, p.186.
75. Alanbrooke, 3 Jan.1945, p.642.
76. Strawson, Battle for the Ardennes, p.134; Hastings, Armageddon, p.235. Davies, Europe at War, p.25, gives 38,000deaths overall (compared with 132,000 for OVERLORD, nearly a million at Stalingrad, and 4650 at El Alamein).
77. Eisenhower, Crusade, p.356.
78. Bradley, General’s Life, p.382.
79. Montgomery, Memoirs, p.311.
80. WD, 14 Jan.1945, p.497.
81. Colville, 9 Jan.1945, p.187.
82. Alanbrooke, 8 Jan, 1945, p.644.
83. Bryant, Triumph in the West, p.377.
84. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p.611 n.
85. Ingersoll in Murray, Eisenhower versus Montgomery, p.21.
86. Butcher, 9 Jan.1945, p.740.
87. Hamilton, Monty, iii, p.301.
88. MA, 9 Jan.1945.
89. Hamilton, Monty, iii, p.304.
90. Colville, 9 Jan.1945, p.188.
91. Hamilton, Monty, iii, p.301.
1. FDR– WSC, 19 Nov.1944, p.602.
2. Gilbert, vii, p.1138.
3. Cadogan, 4 Jan.1945, p.692.
4. Colville, 10 and 11 Jan.1945, pp.188–9.
5. Macmillan, 11 and 12 Jan.1945, pp.643, 645.
6. Alanbrooke, 12 and 18 Jan, 1945, pp.645–6.
7. Amery, 9and 12 Jan.1945, pp.1023–4.
8. Forrestal, 11 Jan.1945, p.41.
9. Stettinius, 30 Dec.1944, p.208.
10. Vandenberg, 10 Jan.1945, pp.132–5.
11. WD, 14 Jan.1945, pp.498–9.
12. Louis, Imperialism at Bay, p.383.
13. ibid., pp.438–40.
14. ibid., pp.431, 434.
15. Black, Roosevelt, p.1039.
16. Cadogan, 17 Jan.1945, p.696.
17. WD, 21 Jan.1945, p.500.
18. Butcher, 19 Jan.1945, p.743.
19. Colville, 18 Jan.1945, p.192.
20. SWW, vi, p.245.
21. Nicolson, ii, p.429 (18 Jan.1945).
22. McLachlan, In the Chair, pp.252–3.
23. Moran, 14 Feb.1945, p.292.
24. Commons, 18 Jan.1945, Gilbert, vii, p.1151.
25. Thorne, Allies of a Kind, p.515.
26. DM, 19 Jan.1945.
27. Alanbrooke, 20 Jan.1945. pp.647–8.
28. Harris, Attlee, pp.241–3.
29. Colville, 20 Jan.1945, p.192.
30. Colville, 21 Jan.1945, p.193; Gilbert, vii, p.1156.
31. Alanbrooke, 22 Jan.1945, p.648.
32. Amery, 22 Jan.1945, p.1026.
33. Colville, 23 Jan.1945, p.194.
34. Reynolds, JCH, xxxviii, 39.
35. Wavell, 31 Dec.1944, p.108.
36. Louis, Imperialism at Bay, p.283n.
37. Amery, 10 Sep.1943, p.938.
38. Wavell, 31 Dec.1944 p.108.
39. Amery, 13 Dec.1944, p.1023.
40. Amery, 15 Jan.1945, p.1025.
41. Amery, 19 Jan.1945, p.1026.
42. Wavell, 20 Jan.1945, p.111.
43. Amery, 19 Jan.1945, p.1026.
44. Wavell, 25 Jan.1945, p.111.
45. WSC, 1 Feb.1945: Gilbert vii, p.1166.
46. FDR–WSC, 21 Jan.1945, p.651.
47. Butcher, 27 Jan.1945, p.751.
48. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.847.
49. Butcher, 27 Jan.1945, p.750.
50. FRUS Yalta, p.541.
51. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.848.
52. Alanbrooke, 31 Jan.1945, p.652.
53. Alanbrooke, 1 Feb.1945, p.653.
54. Moran, 30 Jan.1945, pp.264–5.
55. Cadogan, 30 Jan.1945, p.699.
56. Moran, 30 Jan.1945, p.265.
57. Cadogan, 31 Jan. and 1 Feb.1945, pp.700–701.
58. Alanbrooke, 1 Feb.1945, p.652.
59. Cadogan, 2 Feb.1945, p.701.
60. Stettinius, 1 Feb.1945, pp.231–3.
61. FRUS Yalta, p.459.
62. Moran, 2 Feb.1945, p.266.
63. ibid.
64. Dalton, 2 Feb.1945, War Diary, p.827; FRUS Yalta, pp.830–31.
65. Alanbrooke, 2 Feb.1945, p.654.
66. FRUS Yalta, pp.541–6.
67. Alanbrooke, 3 Feb.1945, p.655.
68. Stettinius, 2 Feb.1945, p.234.
69. Thorpe, Eden, p.304.
70. Gilbert, vii, p.1169.
1. Moran, 3 Feb.1945, p.267.
2. Alanbrooke, 3 Feb.1945, p.655.
3. Cadogan, 4 Feb.1945, p.703.
4. Moran, 4 Feb.1945, p.270.
5. SWW, vi, p.304.
6. FRUS Yalta, p.486.
7. Alanbrooke, 4 Feb.1945, p.655.
8. Berlin, 24 Jan.1945, Flourishing, p.521.
9. FRUS Yalta, p.570.
10. FRUS Yalta, pp.572–3.
11. FRUS Yalta, p.574.
12. Alanbrooke, 4 Feb.1945, p.655.
13. Alanbrooke, 5 Feb.1945, p.656.
14. ibid., p.657.
15. Moran, 4 Feb.1945, p.273.
16. FRUS Yalta, p.590.
17. Moran, 5 Feb.1945, p.274.
18. FRUS Yalta, p.590.
19. Moran, 4 Feb.1945, p.272.
20. Moran, 7 Feb.1945, p.276.
21. Moran, 5 Feb.1945, p.274.
22. FRUS Yalta, p.619.
23. Moran, 5 Feb.1945, pp.274–5.
24. FRUS Yalta, pp.620–62. Bohlen’s minutes say ‘founded’ (p.622) but ‘foundered’ is obviously what Maisky meant.
25. Cadogan, 6 Feb.1945, p.704.
26. Cadogan, 7 Feb.1945, p.705.
27. FRUS Yalta, p.673.
28. Stettinius, 6 Feb.1945, p.245.
29. FRUS Yalta, p.675.
30. Moran, 6 Feb.1945, p.275.
31. FRUS Yalta, p.723.
32. FRUS Yalta, p.743.
33. SWW, vi, pp.313–14.
34. FRUS Yalta, p.747.
35. FRUS Yalta, p.724.
36. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, facsimile, p.863.
37. Cadogan, 8 Feb 1945, p.706.
38. Moran, 8 Feb.1945, p.277.
39. FRUS Yalta, p.795.
40. Sherwood, Hopkins and Roosevelt, p.870.
41. Moran, 7 Feb.1945, p.277.
42. Gilbert, vii, p.1209.
43. FRUS Yalta, p.668.
44. FRUS Yalta, pp.669–70.
45. FRUS Yalta, p.725.
46. FRUS Yalta, p.911.
47. FRUS Yalta, p.973.
48. FRUS Yalta, pp.788–91.
49. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.870.
50. SWW, vi, p.352.
51. Cadogan, 9 Feb.1945, p.707.
52. Alanbrooke, 8 Feb.1945, p.660.
53. FRUS Yalta, pp.797–8.
54. Churchill, Blood, Sweat and Tears, p.337.
55. TT, 27 March 1944.
56. FRUS Yalta, pp.798–9.
57. FRUS Yalta, p.844.
58. Byrnes, Speaking Frankly, p. x.
59. FRUS Yalta, p.856.
60. FRUS Yalta, p.858; Louis, Imperialism at Bay, pp.459–60.
61. Moran, 9 Feb.1945, p.279.
62. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p.639.
63. Moran, 9 Feb.1945, p.279.
64. Stettinius, 4 Feb.1945, p.237.
65. FRUS Yalta, p.565.
66. Alanbrooke, 9 Feb.1945, p.661.
67. Gilbert, vii, p.1207.
68. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.860; FRUS Yalta, p.983.
69. SWW, vi, p.342.
70. FRUS Yalta, p.906.
71. Byrnes, Speaking Frankly, p.22.
72. Stettinius, 2 Dec.1944, p.187; Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.871.
73. Moran, 11 Feb.1945, p.281.
74. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.871.
75. Moran, 11 Feb.1945, p.281.
76. FRUS Yalta, pp.970, 977–8.
77. Moran, 11 Feb.1945, p.282–3.
78. Cadogan, 11 Feb.1945, pp.708–9.
79. Moran, 11 Feb.1945, pp.284–5.
80. Reynolds, In Command of History, p.473.
81. Moran, 11 Feb.1945, p.282.
82. Gilbert, vii, p.1213.
83. Moran, 12 Feb.1945, p.286.
84. Addison, Churchill, p.202.
85. Colville, 24 Feb.1945, p.204.
86. Moran, 11 Feb.1945, p.285.
1. Cadogan, 13 Feb.1945, p.711.
2. Colville, 15 Feb.1945, p.199.
3. Amery, 12 Feb.1945, p.1029.
4. Cadogan, 13 Feb 1945, pp.710–11.
5. Moran, 13 Feb.1945, pp.287–8.
6. ibid., p.289.
7. Macmillan, 5 Feb.1945, p.678.
8. Moran, 14 Feb.1945, p.291.
9. Macmillan, 14 Feb.1945, pp.692–3.
10. Cadogan, 15 Feb.1945, p.712.
11. Macmillan, Blast of War, p.547.
12. Nicolson, ii, p.437 (27 Feb.1945).
13. Macmillan, 14 Feb.1945, p.693.
14. Moran, 14 Feb.1945, p.293.
15. Stettinius, 2 Jan.1945, p.211.
16. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.872.
17. Moran, 17 Feb.1945, p.294.
18. SWW, vi, p.348.
19. WD, 11 Feb.1945, p.512.
20. Macmillan, 8 and 9 Feb.1945, pp.680–82.
21. WD, 11 Feb.1945, p.514.
22. Byrnes, Speaking Frankly, p.45.
23. WD, 17 Feb.1945, pp.515–16.
24. Vandenberg, 13 Feb.1945, p.148.
25. Vndenberg, 17 Feb.1945, p.151.
26. Macmillan, 17 Feb.1945, p.697.
27. Nicolson, ii, p.434 (15 Feb.1945).
28. Colville, 19 Feb.1945, p.200.
29. Cadogan, 20 Feb.1945, pp.717, 719.
30. Colville, 21 Feb.1945, p.201.
31. Cadogan, 21 Feb.1945, p.719.
32. Gilbert, vii, pp.1228–30.
33. Cadogan, 22 Feb.1945, pp.719–20.
34. Dalton, 23 Feb.1945, War Diary, pp.835–7.
35. Colville, 23 and 24 Feb.1945, pp.202–5.
36. Nicolson, ii, pp.435–6 (21 and 26 Feb.1945).
37. Chips, 26 April 1939, p.241.
38. Thorpe, Home, p.124.
39. Nicolson, ii, p.436 (27 Feb.1945); Gilbert, vii, pp.1234–5.
40. Gilbert, vii, p.1235.
41. Colville, 27 Feb.1945, p.205.
42. Nicolson, ii, p.437 (27 Feb.1945).
43. Chips, 28 Feb.1945, pp.485–6.
44. Nicolson, ii, pp.439– 40 (28 Feb.1945).
45. Cadogan, 1 March 1945, p.721.
46. Gilbert, vii, 1234.
47. TT, 2 March 1945.
48. Butcher, 28 March 1945, p.780.
49. D’Este, Eisenhower, p.668.
50. Hastings, Armageddon, p.343.
51. Butcher, 14 March 1945, pp.770–71.
52. Butcher, 7 March (entry written 11 March), 1945, p.768.
53. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p.677.
54. Cadogan, 8 March 1945, p.722; Colville, 8 March 1945, p.211.
55. Alanbrooke, 4 March 1945, p.669.
56. Alanbrooke, 2 March 1945, p.667.
57. Colville, 4 March 1945, p.209.
58. Alanbrooke, 6 March 1945, p.669.
59. Amery, 12 March 1945, p.1031.
60. Colville, 15 March 1945, p.214.
61. Black, Roosevelt, p.1094.
62. Cadogan, 12 March 1945, p.722.
63. Nicolson, ii, p.441 (13 March 1945).
64. Colville, 20 March 1945, pp.215–16.
65. Alanbrooke, 22 March 1945, p.673.
66. Chips, 23 March 1945, p.488.
67. Colville, 23 March 1945, p.216.
68. Alanbrooke, 23 March 1945, p.673.
69. Alanbrooke, 23 March 1945, pp.673–4.
70. Butcher, 24 March 1945, p.776.
71. Colville, 25 March 1945, p.220.
72. Eisenhower, Crusade, p.372.
73. Alanbrooke, 25 March 1945, p.676; cf. Bryant, Triumph in the West, pp.436–7.
74. Butcher, 1 April 1945, p.792.
75. SWW, vi, p.365.
76. Alanbrooke, 26 March 1945, note on p.678.
77. Reynolds, In Command of History, p.476.
78. Bryant, Triumph in the West, p.441.
79. Montgomery, Memoirs, p.277.
80. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, pp.391, 396.
81. Butcher, 28 March (conf.27 March) 1945, p.788.
82. Colville, 27 March 1945, p.222.
83. Hamilton, Monty, iii, p.455.
84. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, p.400.
85. Black, Roosevelt, p.1088.
86. Alanbrooke, 29 March 1945, p.679.
87. Reynolds, In Command of History, p.471; SWW, vi, p.402.
88. Gilbert, vii, p.1275.
89. Alanbrooke, 1 April 1945, p.680.
1. Hastings, Armageddon, pp.380, 490.
2. TT, 25 Nov.1944.
3. 5th Report on Lend-Lease; Staley, AER, xxxiii, 366.
4. Granatstein, Britain’s Weakness, p.39.
5. Staley, AER, xxxiii, 368.
6. Sayers, Financial Policy, p.529.
7. Dalton, 14 Dec.1944, War Diary, p.818.
8. TT, 2 and 22 Jan.1945.
9. JMK, xxvi, p.146.
10. . Meade, 14 Jan.1945, pp.29–30.
11. JMK, xxvi, p.170.
12. ibid., p.174.
13. Meade, 20 Jan.1945, p.33.
14. Meade, 25 March (for 21 March) 1945, p.57.
15. TT, 19–21 March 1945.
16. WD, 26 March 1945, p.530; cf. p.521.
17. CT, 3 April 1945.
18. JMK, xxiv, p.249.
19. ibid., pp.280–81.
20. Colville, 7 and 20 March 1945, pp.211, 215.
21. Macmillan, 7 March 1945, p.710.
22. Cadogan, 21 March 1945, p.723.
23. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.878.
24. Vandenberg, 7 March 1945, p.156.
25. Vandenberg (mid-March), p.155.
26. Forrestal, 16 March 1945, p.53.
27. Stettinius, 12 March 1945, p.297.
28. Stettinius, 19 March 1945, p.306.
29. Stettinius, 24 March 1945 (for 23 March), pp.306–7.
30. Vandenberg, 23 and 27 March 1945, pp.159–60.
31. Vandenberg, 5 April 1945, p.163.
32. Berlin, 9 April 1945, Flourishing, p.547.
33. Vandenberg, 5 April 1945, p.163.
34. FDR–WSC, 11 April 1945, p.709.
35. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.880.
36. Stettinius, 12 April 1945, p.315.
37. ibid., p.316.
38. Thompson, Assignment Churchill, p.303.
39. Colville, 13 April 1945, p.233.
40. MO 2229, 13 April 1945.
41. Chips, 13 April 1945, p.489.
42. Nicolson, ii, p.447 (13 April 1945).
43. Chips, 17 April 1945, p.490.
44. TT, 18 April 1945.
45. MO 2281, 3 Sep.1945.
46. Wavell, 10 and 15 March 1945, pp.115, 117.
47. Amery, 16 March 1945, p.1032.
48. Wavell, 26 and 28 March 1945, pp.119–120.
49. Alanbrooke, 28 March 1945, p.679.
50. Wavell, 29 March, 4 and 9 April 1945, pp.120–23.
51. Amery, 10 April 1945, p.1035.
52. Amery, 12 April 1945, p.1036; Wavell, 15 April 1945, p.124.
53. Wavell, 23– 5 April 1945, p.126.
54. Amery, 26 April 1945, p.1038.
55. Wavell, 29 April 1945, p.127.
56. Amery, 30 April 1945, pp.1039–40.
57. Butcher, 2 April 1945, p.793.
58. Colville, 6 April 1945, p.227.
59. Hastings, Armageddon, p.486.
60. Colville, 5 April 1945, p.226.
61. NC, 19 April 1945.
62. Colville, 26 April 1945, p.239.
63. Alanbrooke, 12 April 1945, p.683.
64. 7 April 1945, Bullock, ii, p.369.
65. Chips, 10 April 1945, p.489.
66. Dalton, 19 April 1945, War Diary, p.852.
67. Gilbert, vii, p.1271.
68. Chips, 27 April 1945, p.491.
69. Cadogan, 28 April 1945, p.735.
70. Colville, 27 April 1945, p.240.
71. Macmillan, 29 April 1945, p.746.
72. Colville, 1 May 1945, p.242.
73. ibid.
1. Morgenthau, 14 April 1945, p.422.
2. Stettinius, 13 April 1945, p.318.
3. Vandenberg, 13 April 1945, p.167.
4. Stettinius, 16 April 1945, pp.322–3.
5. Vandenberg, 13 April 1945, p.167.
6. Vandenberg, 17 April 1945, p.170.
7. Cadogan, 20 April 1945, p.730.
8. Forrestal, 21 April 1945, p.63.
9. Forrestal, 23 April 1945, pp.64–6.
10. McCullough, Truman, p.376.
11. Vandenberg, 24 April 1945, pp.175–6.
12. Cadogan, 25 April 1945, p.733.
13. Vandenberg, 26 April 1945, p.178.
14. Cadogan, 27 April 1945, p.734.
15. Vandenberg, 26 April 1945, pp.179–80.
16. Cadogan, 28 April 1945, p.735.
17. Vandenberg, 27 April 1945, pp.181–2.
18. Cadogan, 29 (for 28) and 30 April 1945, pp.736–7.
19. Vandenberg, 30 April 1945, p.182.
20. Vandenberg, 2 May 1945, p.183.
21. Williams, Prime Minister Remembers, p.60.
22. Vandenberg, 4 May 1945, p.183.
23. Cadogan, 5 May 1945, p.739.
24. Vandenberg, 13 May 1945, p.191.
25. Stettinius, 15 May 1945, p.368.
26. MO 2249, 16–17 May 1945.
27. Cadogan, 12 May 1945, p.741.
28. Nicolson, ii, p.454 (2 May 1945).
29. Chips, 2 May 1945, p.492.
30. Alanbrooke, 2 May 1945, p.686.
31. Butcher, 4 May 1945, p.821.
32. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p.705.
33. Alanbrooke, 4 May 1945, p.687.
34. Butcher, 6 May 1945, p.828.
35. Moran, 8 May 1945, p.305.
36. Chips, 8 May 1945, p.494.
37. Nicolson, ii, pp.457–8 (8 May 1945).
38. Alanbrooke, 8 May 1945, p.689; Bryant, Triumph in the West, p.458, omitted most of this.
39. Gilbert, vii, pp.1347–8.
40. Williams, Prime Minister Remembers, p.62.
41. Moran, wrongly dated 20 May (? 23 May) 1945, p.306.
42. Dalton, 12–14 May 1945, War Diary, p.859.
43. Alanbrooke, 14 May 1945, p.691.
44. Amery, 14 May 1945, p.1041.
45. Colville, 14 May 1945, p.246.
46. Dalton, 17 May 1945, War Diary, p.860.
47. Dalton, 18 May 1945, War Diary, p.861.
48. SWW, vi, p.498.
49. Alanbrooke, 23 May 1945, p.693; cf. Reynolds, In Command of History, pp.476–7, 492–4.
50. Alanbrooke, 24 May 1945, p.693.
51. Moran, wrongly dated 20 May (? 23 May) 1945, p.306.
52. Dalton, 19 May 1945, War Diary, p.862.
53. Macmillan, 21 May 1945, p.762.
54. Colville 22 May 1945, pp.248–9.
55. Moran, wrongly dated 20 May (? 23 May), 1945 p.306.
56. MO 2249, 16–17 May 1945.
57. McCallum and Readman, 1945 General Election, p.129.
58. Morgenthau, 23 May 1945, p.448.
59. JMK, xxiv, p.362.
60. ibid., pp.309, 320.
61. ibid., pp.284–5.
62. SWW, iv, pp.181–2.
63. JMK, xxiv, pp.265, 269–70; SWW, iv, p.181.
64. JMK, xxiv, pp.278, 280.
65. ibid., pp.307–8.
66. Moggridge, Keynes, p.790.
67. JMK, xxiv, p.286.
68. Clarke, Anglo-American Economic Collaboration, p.128.
69. SWW, iv, p.181.
70. Wavell, 16 April 1945, p.124.
71. Chips, 2 and 16 May 1945, pp.493, 496.
72. Amery, 7 May 1945, p.1041.
73. Wavell, 8 May 1945, p.129.
74. Chips, 2 and 16 May 1945 pp.493, 496.
75. Wavell, 24 May 1945, p.131.
76. Amery, 24 and 25 May 1945, p.1043.
77. Amery, 30 May 1945, pp.1043–4; Wavell, 30 May 1945, p.134.
78. Wavell, 31 May 1945, pp.135–6.
79. Amery, 31 May 1945, p.1045.
1. WD, 2 June 1945, p.572.
2. Forrestal, 20 May 1945, p.73.
3. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, pp.890, 892, 909.
4. SWW, vi, p.507.
5 Reynolds, In Command of History, p.479.
6. Alanbrooke, 11 June 1945, p.697.
7. Cadogan, 11 July 1945, p.760.
8. SWW, vi, pp.503–4.
9. Feis, Between War and Peace, p.125.
10. Edmonds, Big Three, p.428.
11. Dalton, 28 May 1945, War Diary, p.865.
12. Gilbert, viii, p.32.
13. Chips, 5 June 1945, p.497.
14. Moran, 4 June 1945, p.308.
15. Amery, 4 June 1945, p.1046.
16. McCallum and Readman, 1945 General Election, p.143.
17. Nicolson, ii, p.468 (5 June 1945); Amery, 5 June 1945, p.1046.
18. Moran, 5 June 1945, p.308.
19. Cadogan, 21 June 1945, p.755.
20. Cadogan, 15 June 1945, p.753.
21. Alanbrooke, 19 June 1945, p.698.
22. Cadogan, 20 June 1945, p.755.
23. Williams, Prime Minister Remembers, p.70.
24. Cadogan, 15 July 1945, p.761.
25. Wavell, 6 June 1945, pp.138–9.
26. Stettinius, 22 May 1945, p.377.
27. Louis, Imperialism at Bay, p.537.
28. Vandenberg, 7 and 8 June 1945, pp.208–9.
29. Stettinius, 7 June 1945, p.394.
30. 1. Vandenberg, p.216.
31. Wavell, 24 June 1945, p.147.
32. Wavell, 9 July 1945, p.153.
33. Nation’s Voice, iv, p.176.
34. Amery, 12 July 1945, p.1048; and p.1045n.
35. Moran, 22 June 1945, p.310.
36. McCallum and Readman, 1945 General Election, pp.23, 97–8.
37. Moran, 8 July 1945, p.313–14.
38. Moran, 12 July 1945, pp.321–3.
39. Stettinius, 21 and 25 June 1945, pp.400, 404.
40. Vandenberg, n. d. (end June 1945), p.225.
41. WD, 1 July 1945, p.585.
42. Morgenthau, 29 May 1945, p.449.
43. Morgenthau, n. d (but June 1945), p.450.
44. Morgenthau, 3 July 1945, p.451.
45. Morgenthau, 5 July 1945, p.465.
46. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p.921.
47. Moran, 8 July 1945, pp.313–14.
48. Moran, (15) July 1945, p.329.
49. Alanbrooke, 15 July 1945, p.705.
50. Cadogan, 15 July 1945, p.761.
51. Moran, (July 1945), p.328.
52. WD, 22 July 1945, p.593.
53. Moran, 17 July 1945, p.336.
54. Alanbrooke, 24 July 1945, p.710.
55. FRUS Potsdam, pp.94–5.
56. MO 2290, 19 July 1945.
57. Moran, 16 July 1945, pp.332–3.
58. FRUS Potsdam, p.63.
59. DBPO, I, pp.368– 9 is the official version. Moran, 18 July 1945, pp.336–7, had seen an earlier draft. Unlike either, SWW, vi, pp.546–7, runs together both of the last two sentences as direct speech by Truman, which strengthens their effect, of course, but not necessarily their veracity.
60. CT, 16 July 1945.
61. CT, 18, 20, 22 and 24 July 1945.
62. Alanbrooke, 16 July 1945 p.705.
63. Moran, 23 July 1945, p.347.
64. FRUS Potsdam, p.225.
65. Moran, 19 July 1945, p.339.
66. FRUS Potsdam, p.97.
67. Moran, 19 July 1945, p.339.
68. FRUS Potsdam, p.136.
69. Moran, 19 July 1945, pp.339–40.
70. FRUS Potsdam, p.178.
71. ibid., p.180.
72. Moran, 20 July 1945, p.341.
73. Cadogan, 21 July 1945, pp.767–8.
74. FRUS Potsdam, pp.217–18.
75. Moran, 22 July 1945, p.343.
76. FRUS Potsdam, pp.262–3.
77. ibid., p.265.
78. Cohen notes, 23 July 1945, p.312.
79. Moran, 22 July 1945, pp.343–4.
80. Moran, 23 July 1945, p.345.
81. Alanbrooke, 23 July 1945, p.709.
82. Moran, 24 July 1945, p.349.
83. DBPO, i, p.649.
84. FRUS Potsdam, p.372.
85. SWW, vi, p.579.
86. Mountbatten diary, 24 July 1945, Ziegler, Mountbatten, p.299.
87. Moran, 24 July 1945, p.349.
88. Cadogan, 25 July 1945, p.771.
89. Moran, 25 July 1945, p.351.
90. FRUS Potsdam, pp.388–9.
91. Alanbrooke, 23 July 1945, pp.709–10.
92. Cadogan, 25 July 1945, pp.771–2.
93. Moran, 26 July 1945, p.352.
94. McCallum and Readman, 1945 General Election, p.277.
95. SWW, vi, p.583.
96. Cadogan, 26 July 1945, p.772.
97. Moran, 26 July 1945, p.352.
98. Alanbrooke, 27 July 1945, p.712; cf.18 July, p.706.
99. DBPO, i, p.939.
100. Cadogan, 28 July 1945, p.776.
101. Byrnes, Speaking Frankly, p.79.
102. DBPO, i, p.957.
103. FRUS Potsdam, pp.467–9.
104. Cadogan, 31 July 1945, p.778.
105. DBPO, i, p.968.
106. ibid., pp.1062–4.
107. FRUS Potsdam, pp.528, 532–4.
108. ibid., p.601.
109. DBPO, i, pp.1143–4.
110. SWW, vi, p.581.
111. Cadogan, 31 July 1945, p.780.
112. MO 2290, 3 Aug 1945.
113. CT, 27 July 1945.
114. CT, 4 Aug.1945.
1. DM, 16 Aug.1945.
2. TT, 16 Aug.1945.
3. CT, 7, 20 and 16 Aug.1945.
4. Thorne, Allies of a Kind, p.453.
5. SWW, vi, p.558.
6. Cadogan, 16 Aug.1945, p.782.
7. Cadogan, 15 Aug.1945, p.782.
8. Moran, 24 July 1945, p.349.
9. Chips, 28 July and 1 Aug.1945, p.499.
10. Berlin, Flourishing, p.583.
11. MO 2281, 3 Sep.1945.
12. Edmonds, Big Three, pp.399–402.
13. FRUS Potsdam, pp.339–44.
14. CT, 8 Aug.1945.
15. Dalton, 17 August 1945, Political Diary, p.362.
16. JMK, xxiv, pp.377, 410.
17. Truman, Memoirs, i, pp.227–30, 475–6.
18. TT, 25 Aug.1945; cf. JMK, xxiv, 399.
19. TT and CT, 25 Aug.1945.
20. MO 2281, 3 Sept.1945; cf. MO 2278, Aug.1945.
21. Clarke, Anglo-American Economic Collaboration, pp.126–36, at 126–7.
22. Meade.1 July 1945, p.103.
23. Meade, 26 Aug.1945, p.120.
24. Harrod, Life of Keynes, p.596.
25. JMK, xxiv, p.453.
26. Moggridge, Keynes, p.799.
27. Jay, Change and Fortune, p.137.
28. Amery, 28 July 1945, p.1016.
29. Wavell, 26 July 1945, p.159.
30. Wavell, 27 Aug.1945, p.165.
31. Wavell, 31 Aug.1945, pp.167–8.
32. Wavell, 4 Sep.1945, p.169.
33. Schofield, Wavell, p.341.
34. Gopal (ed.), Works of Nehru, xiv, p.81.
35. Halifax diary, 19 Sep.1945 (courtesy Dr Richard Toye).
36. Clarke, Anglo-American Economic Collaboration, p.56.
37. Halifax diary, 19 Sep.1945.
38. Pressnell, External Economic Policy, pp.290–92.
39. Bullock, Bevin, iii, p.134.
40. Byrnes, Speaking Frankly, p.105.
41. Bullock, Bevin, iii, p.135.
42. Robbins, 14 Oct.1945, p.234.
43. Woods, Changing of the Guard, pp.355–6.
44. Meinertzhagen, 3 July 1945, p.194.
45. Cohen, Palestine to Israel, p.177.
46. Baffy, 26 July 1945, p.223.
47. Pimlott, Hugh Dalton, p.389.
48. Baffy, 1 Aug.1945, pp.223–4.
49. WD, 27 Aug.1945, p.610.
50. Pimlott, Hugh Dalton, p.389.
51. Baffy, 20 Sep.1945, p.225.
52. Meinertzhagen, 28 Sep.1945, p.197.
53. Cohen, Palestine to Israel, pp.182–5; Bullock, Bevin, pp.175–6.
54. DM, 1 Oct.1945.
55. MO 2278, Aug.1945.
1. Gardner, Sterling–Dollar Diplomacy, p.xiii, says it was ‘found on a yellowing piece of paper salvaged from the first Anglo-American discussions during World War II about postwar economic arrangements’.
2. Robbins, 30 Sep.1945, p.224.
3. JMK, xxiv, pp.509, 511.
4. Gardner, Sterling–Dollar Diplomacy, pp.199, 201.
5. Robbins, 2 Oct.1945, p.226.
6. Pressnell, External Economic Policy, p.269.
7. Robbins.29 Sep.1945, pp.223–4.
8. JMK, xxiv, pp.547–8, 551.
9. ibid., p.484.
10. 10. Robbins, 1 Oct.1945, p.225.
11. Robbins, 4 Oct.1945, p.228.
12. Meade, 3 Nov.1945, p.164.
13. Ovendale, End of the Palestine Mandate, p.95.
14. Louis, British Empire in the Middle East, p.391.
15. Bullock, Bevin, iii, pp.179, 181.
16. Meinertzhagen, 14 Nov.1945, pp.199– 201 at 200.
17. Harris, Attlee, p.281.
18. Thomas, Armed Truce, p.634.
19. Dalton, High Tide and After, p.77.
20. Dalton, ? 6 Nov. (misdated 7 Dec.) 1945, Political Diary, p.365.
21. Toye, EHR, cxviii, 919.
22. TT, 13 Dec.1945.
23. JMK, xxiv, pp.605, 610.
24. Clarke, Anglo-American Economic Collaboration, p.39.
25. Moore, Escape from Empire, p.29; Tomlinson, Political Economy of the Raj, p.140.
26. Compare above, ch.9.
27. JMK, xxiv, p.627; cf. Bullock, Bevin, iii, p.202.
28. ibid., p.613.
29. PM, p.11.
30. Diary, 15 March 1946, Ovendale, End of the Palestine Mandate, p.116; cf. PM, p.144.
31. PM, p.59.
32. DH, 18 Oct.1945, DM 15 Nov.1945.
33. Diary, 30 Dec.1945– 1 Jan.1946, 3 Jan.1946, PM, pp.26, 46.
34. PM, pp.54, 88.
35. Diary, 13 Jan.1946, PM, p, 47.
36. Woods, Changing of the Guard, p.322.
37. Baffy, 30 Jan.1946, p.230.
38. Diary, Jan.1946, Louis, British Empire in the Middle East, p.407.
39. Diary, n.d., Howard, Crossman, p.110.
40. Baffy, 29 Jan.1946, p.230.
41. PM, p.89.
42. PM, p.184.
43. PM, p.114.
44. JMK, xxvii, p.480.
45. PM, pp.118–19, 109.
46. PM, pp.128–9.
47. Diary, 8 March 1946, PM, p.133.
48. Baffy, 8 March 1946, p.231.
49. Baffy 9 March 1946, p.232.
50. Diary, 10 March 1946, PM, p.138.
51. Diary, 26 March 1946, PM, pp.170–72.
52. Diary, 15 March 1946, PM, p.146.
53. PM, pp.176.
54. Diary, 11 March 1946; New Statesman, 11 May 1946, PM, pp.139, 244.
55. Diary, 26 March 1946, PM, p.172.
56. Baffy, 29 April 1946, pp.235–6.
57. PM, p.200.
58. Baffy, 29 Jan.1946, p.230.
59. Howard, Crossman, p.125; PM, p.204.
60. Louis, British Empire in the Middle East, p.428.
61. MO summary, 1941–Dec.1946.
62. Woods, Changing of the Guard p.376; Gardner, Sterling–Dollar Diplomacy, table 2, p.236.
63. JMK, xxvii, pp.463–4.
64. ibid., pp.466.
65. ibid., p.479.
66. MO summary March–April 1946.
67. JMK, xxvii, p.270.
68. Gardner, Sterling–Dollar Diplomacy, pp.237–40.
69. Vandenberg, 19 Dec.1945, pp.230–31.
70. Forrestal, 10 March 1946, pp.149–50.
71. Thomas, Armed Truce, p.198.
72. TT, 8 Nov.1945.
73. Gardner, Sterling–Dollar Diplomacy, p.249; Toye, TCBH, xv, 350.
74. Judson note, 14 March 1946 (courtesy Dr Richard Toye).
75. Pelling, Marshall Plan, p.5.
76. JMK, xxvii, pp.482–3.
77. Woods, Changing of the Guard, pp.292–3.
78. Congressional Record (House), 12 July 1945, col.8877.
1. Wavell, 1July 1946, p.310.
2 Nation’s Voice, iv, p.346.
3. TOP, vi, pp.852–3, 856, 857.
4. Text, Nation’s Voice, v, pp.686– 92 atpp.687, 689.
5. Nation’s Voice, v, p.706.
6. Clarke, Cripps, p.406.
7. Alexander diary, 12 April 1946.
8. Cripps diary, 13 and 17 April 1946.
9. Wavell, 15 and 24 April 1946, pp.245, 251.
10. Clarke, Cripps, p.410.
11. Cripps diary, 30–31 March 1946.
12. Wavell, 3 April 1946, p.236.
13. TOP, vii, p.179.
14. ibid., 260.
15. Cripps diary, 18 April 1946.
16. French, Liberty or Death, pp.262–3.
17. Cripps diary, 18 April 1946.
18. Nicolson, iii, p.57 (16 April 1946).
19. Observer, 21 April 1946; Daily Herald, 25 April 1946.
20. Cripps diary, 24 and 26 (for 25) April 1946.
21. TOP, vii, pp.345–6; Wavell, 26 April 1946, p.253.
22. Wavell, 7 May 1946, p.261; Cripps diary, 9 May 1946.
23. TOP, vii, pp.465–6.
24. Cripps diary, 9 May 1946.
25. Clarke, Cripps, p.428.
26. TOP, vii, p.508.
27. Gilbert, viii, p.141.
28. ibid., p.230.
29. TOP, vii, p.562.
30. ibid., pp.613–15.
31. Wavell, 20 May 1946, p.274.
32. Alexander diary, 21 May 1946.
33. Alexander diary, 22 May 1946.
34. Gandhi, Collected Works, lxxxiv, p.181.
35. Clarke, Cripps, p.438.
36. ibid., p.414.
37. Nation’s Voice, v, p.46.
38. Alexander diary, 10 June 1946.
39. Cripps diary, 11 June 1946.
40. Gandhi, Collected Works, lxxxiv, 330–31; Cripps diary, 13 June 1946.
41. Cripps diary, 23 June 1946.
42. Alexander diary, 24 June 1946.
43. TOP, vii, pp.1029–30.
44. ibid., pp.1042–3.
45. Clarke, Cripps, p.390.
46. .ibid., pp.438–9.
47. In the index to The Times for January to June, India takes up 23columns as against 8 columns for Palestine; but the index for July to December shows them almost equal in coverage (21 and 20 columns respectively). The same sort of relative shift can be seen in the New York Times index, where the number of references to Palestine now doubled, which meant – given that it already enjoyed 60 per cent more American coverage than India in January to June – that in July to December there were three stories about Palestine for every one about India.
48. Wavell, 30 Oct.1946, p.367.
49. Nation’s Voice, v, pp.166–7.
50. TOP, viii, p.570.
51. TT, 27 May 1946.
52. Bullock, Bevin, iii, p.292.
53. Hamilton, Monty, iii, p.636; cf. Montgomery, Memoirs, p.423.
54. Baffy, 29 June and 4 July 1946, p.237.
55. Meinertzhagen, 1 July 1946, p.212.
56. House of Commons, 1 July 1946, PM, p.250.
57. Baffy, 19 July 1946, p.238.
58. NYT, 28 July 1946.
59. Washington Post, 2 Aug.1946.
60. Louis, British Empire in the Middle East, p.436.
61. Bullock, Bevin, iii, p.253.
62. Gilbert, viii, p.251.
63. Meinertzhagen, 2 Aug.1946, p.215.
64. Ovendale, End of the Palestine Mandate, pp.141–2; Halamish, Exodus Affair, p.4.
65. Baffy, 1 Oct.1946, p.240.
66. Bullock, Bevin, iii, pp.303–4.
67. Louis, British Empire in the Middle East, p.439.
68. Forrestal, 4 Sep.1947, p.299.
69. Ovendale, End of the Palestine Mandate, pp.165–6.
70. MO 2432, 6 Nov.1946; cf. MO 2515 (compiled Sep.1947).
1. Clarke, Cripps, p.461.
2. Wavell, 5 Dec.1946, p.390.
3. TOP, ix, pp.276, 279.
4. Williams, Prime Minister Remembers, p.209.
5. Clarke, Cripps, pp.467–71.
6. 5 HC Debs, 12 Dec.1946, col.1368.
7. Reynolds, In Command of History, pp.68, 82.
8. 5 HC Debs, 12 Dec.1946, col.1369.
9. TT, 21 Dec.1946; cf OHBE, p.337.
10. TT, 25 May 1946.
11. TT, 20 July 1947.
12. TT, 24 Jan.1947. ‘Scuttle’ had an august pedigree. The OED is again helpful, in disinterring the political slang of the 188os, when Lord Randolph Churchill was making his name in attacking the Liberals’ alleged lack of enthusiasm for Empire and when ‘scuttle’ thereby acquired a new sense: ‘To withdraw in a precipitate and undignified manner from the occupation or control of a country.’ This is exactly how the term was now reestablished, sixty years later; and Cranborne was grandson of the great Lord Salisbury (the Conservative prime minister who had briefly made Lord Randolph his chancellor of the exchequer).
13. Singh, Origins of Partition, p.208; Owen in Tiratsoo, Attlee Years, pp.180–81.
14. TT, 24 April 1947.
15. Cairncross, Years of Recovery, pp.79, 102, 152ff.
16. Dalton, 20 Dec.1946, Political Diary, p.389.
17. Clarke, Anglo-American Economic Collaboration, pp.156–7.
18. Hennessy, Never Again, p.268.
19. Ovendale, End of the Palestine Mandate, pp.181–2.
20. Bullock, Bevin, iii, pp.339–40.
21. ibid., pp.360–61.
22. Annual Register, 1947, pp.7–8.
23. Wavell, 4 Feb.1947, p.417.
24. Feinstein in Clarke and Trebilcock, Understanding Decline, pp.216–17.
25. Clarke, Cripps, p.457.
26. Dalton, 20 Dec.1946, Political Diary, p.389.
27. Clarke, Cripps, p.471.
28. TOP, ix, p.453.
29. TT, 21 Feb.1947.
30. TT, 7 and 13 March, 7 April 1947.
31. TT, 8 May 1947.
32. Baffy, 9 and 10 Dec.1946, p.243.
33. Baffy, 17 Dec.1946 and 4 Jan.1947, pp.244, 247.
34. Gilbert, viii, p.296.
35. Louis, British Empire in the Middle East, p.461.
36. Ovendale, End of the Palestine Mandate, p.195.
37. TT, 7 March 1947.
38. Bullock, Bevin, iii, p.369n.
39. Forrestal, 24 Feb.1947, p.242.
40. Chace, Acheson, p.165.
41. Vandenberg, 5 March 1947, p.340.
42. McCullough, Truman, pp.547–8.
43. Vandenberg, 13 March 1947, p.343.
44. SWW, vi, p.266.
45. Dalton, 24 Feb.1947, Political Diary, p.391.
46. Dalton, 29 May 1947, ibid., p.393.
47. TT, 9 May 1947.
48. Clarke, Anglo-American Economic Collaboration, pp.157, 161.
49. Milward, Reconstruction of Western Europe, p.2.
50. Hogan, Marshall Plan, pp.43–4.
51. TT, 20 June 1946.
52. Bullock, Bevin, iii, p.405.
53. Hennessy, Never Again, pp.294–5.
54. TOP, x, p.121.
55. Gilbert, viii, p.334.
56. Moore, Escape from Empire, p.336.
57. DM, 16 July 1947.
58. NYT, 20 July 1947.
59. Louis, British Empire in the Middle East, p.466.
60. Halamish, Exodus Affair, pp.15–21.
61. NYT, 27 and 29 July 1947.
62. TT, 22 Aug.1947.
63. MO 2515 (compiled Sep.1947).
64. Dalton, 26 July 1947, Political Diary, p.397.
65. Dalton, 30 July 1947, ibid., pp.403–4.
66. Dalton, 8 Aug.1947, ibid., pp.406–7.
67. Gilbert, viii, p.336.
68. TT, 7 Aug.1947.
69. Ziegler, Mountbatten, p.416.
70. Brown, Nehru, p.175.
71. French, Liberty or Death, p.330.
72. Menon, Transfer of Power, p.444.
73. Wheeler-Bennett, George VI, p.716n.
1 MO 3046 (compiled Oct.1948).
2 Barnett, Lost Victory.
3 Charmley, Churchill: the end of glory and Churchill’s Grand Alliance.
4 Most recently in Davies, Europe at War.
5 Gilbert, Churchill and America; Roberts, History of the English-Speaking Peoples.
6 Ashley Seager, Guardian, 29 Dec.2006; see also Christopher Meyer, Sunday Times, 31 Dec.2006.