New Testament quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible: Catholic Edition, copyright 1989, 1993, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Plato, Phaedrus, trans. Alexander Nehamas and Paul Woodruff. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1995, p. 33.
Tao Te Ching: A New English Version, trans. Stephen Mitchell. New York: Harper & Row, 1988, p. 1.
Peter L. Berger, A Rumor of Angels: Modern Society and the Rediscovery of the Supernatural. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1970, p. 94.
William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, ed. Sir Geoffrey Keynes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, p. xvi.
Joseph Campbell, The Inner Reaches of Outer Space: Metaphor as Myth and as Religion. Novato, CA: New World Library, 2002, p. 5.
Joseph Campbell, The Hero’s Journey: Joseph Campbell on His Life and Work. New York: New World Library, 2003, p. 134.
Mark Meadows, “Campbell and the Perennial Philosophy: Social Sciences, Mysticism, and Myth,” in Kenneth L. Golden, ed., Uses of Comparative Mythology: Essays on the Work of Joseph Campbell. New York: Garland Publishing, 1992, p. 253.
Joseph Campbell, The Inner Reaches of Outer Space: Metaphor as Myth and as Religion. Novato, CA: New World Library, 2002, pp. 27–28.
Chandogya Upanisad, Part 6, Chapter 8, Verse 7, in The Upanisads, trans. Valerie J. Roebuck. New York: Penguin, 2004, p. 176.
Harold Bloom, Omens of the Millennium: The Gnosis of Angels, Dreams, and Resurrection. New York: Riverhead Books, 1996, p. 55.
Harold Bloom, Omens of the Millennium: The Gnosis of Angels, Dreams, and Resurrection. New York: Riverhead Books, 1996, p. 55.
Edward Sell, The Faith of Islam. London: SPCK Press, 1920, p. 278.
The Qur’an: A New Translation, trans. M. A. S. Abdel Haleem. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 204.
The Qur’an: A New Translation, trans. M. A. S. Abdel Haleem. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 301.
The Qur’an: A New Translation, trans. M. A. S. Abdel Haleem. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 154.
The Qur’an: A New Translation, trans. M. A. S. Abdel Haleem. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 43.
The Qur’an: A New Translation, trans. M. A. S. Abdel Haleem. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 84.
The Qur’an: A New Translation, trans. M. A. S. Abdel Haleem. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 319.
Edward Sell, The Faith of Islam. London: SPCK Press, 1920, p. 201.
Barbara Daly Metcalf, Perfecting Women: Maulana Ashraf ‘Ali Thanawi’s Bihishti Zewar. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992, p. 71.
The Qur’an: A New Translation, trans. M. A. S. Abdel Haleem. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 163.
Nathaniel Altman, The Deva Handbook: How to Work with Nature’s Subtle Energies. Rochester, VT: Destiny Books, 1995, p. 4.
The Rig Veda, trans. Wendy Doniger. New York: Penguin, 2005, p. 25.
The Rig Veda, trans. Wendy Doniger. New York: Penguin, 2005, p. 36.
Jeanine Miller, The Vision of Cosmic Order in the Vedas. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Books Ltd, 1985, p. 72.
The Hymns of the RGVEDA, trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1986, p. 367.
The Hymns of the RGVEDA, trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1986, p. 293.
The Hymns of the RGVEDA, trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1986, p. 111.
Franklin Edgerton, ed., The Beginnings of Indian Philosophy: Selections from the Rig Veda, Atharva Veda, Upanisads, and Mahabharata. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965, p. 108.
Jeanine Miller, “The Shining Ones of the Vedas,” in Maria Parisen, comp., Angels and Mortals: Their Co-Creative Power. Wheaton, IL: Quest Books, 1990, p. 87.
The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikaya, trans. Maurice Walshe. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1995, electronic version Columbia University, unpaginated (www.columbia.edu/itc/religion/f2001/edit/docs/aggannasutta.pdf ).
The Zohar, Prizker Edition, Vol. II, trans. Daniel C. Matt. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004, p. 257.
Raphael Ben Zion, trans., An Anthology of Jewish Mysticism. New York: Judaica Press, 1981, p. 161.
Raphael Ben Zion, trans., An Anthology of Jewish Mysticism. New York: Judaica Press, 1981, p. 162.
Raphael Ben Zion, trans., An Anthology of Jewish Mysticism. New York: Judaica Press, 1981, p. 162.
Midrash Rabbah: Genesis Rabbah, Vol. II, trans. H. Freedman. New York: Soncino Press, 1983, p. 626.
Midrash Rabbah: Genesis Rabbah, Vol. II, trans. H. Freedman. New York: Soncino Press, 1983, p. 626.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, p. 310, retold by author.
Thomas Patrick Hughes, A Dictionary of Islam. London: Laurier Books, Ltd, 1996, p. 620.
Thomas Patrick Hughes, A Dictionary of Islam. London: Laurier Books, Ltd, 1996, p. 620.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, p. 109, retold by author.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, pp. 110–111, retold by author.
Midrash Rabbah: Genesis Rabbah, Vol. II, trans. H. Freedman. New York: Soncino Press, 1983, p. 434.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, pp. 116–117, retold by author.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, p. 118, retold by author.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, p. 123, retold by author.
Midrash Rabbah: Genesis Rabbah, Vol. II, trans. H. Freedman. New York: Soncino Press, 1983, p. 710, retold by author.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, p. 133, retold by author.
Midrash Rabbah: Genesis Rabbah, Vol. I, trans. H. Freedman. New York: Soncino Press, 1983, p. 58, retold by author.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, p. 28, retold by author.
Midrash Rabbah: Genesis Rabbah, Vol. I, trans. H. Freedman. New York: Soncino Press, 1983, p. 74, retold by author.
Augustine, Eight Questions, cited in Gustav Davidson, A Dictionary of Angels: Including the Fallen Angels. New York: Free Press, 1967, p. xii.
Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad, trans. Alfred Guillaume. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 107.
The Qur’an: A New Translation, trans. M. A. S. Abdel Haleem. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 192.
James H. Charlesworth, ed., The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Vol. I. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1990, p. 529.
James H. Charlesworth, ed., The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Vol. I. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1990, p. 545.
James H. Charlesworth, ed., The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Vol. I. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1990, p. 541.
Harold Bloom, Fallen Angels. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007, p. 11.
Charles F. Horne, trans., The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, Vol. VII: Ancient Persia. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing Company, 1997, p. 195.
Elaine Pagels, The Origin of Satan: How Christians Demonized Jews, Pagans, and Heretics. New York: Random House, 1995, pp. 39–40.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, p. 127, retold by author.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, p. 128, retold by author.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, p. 131, retold by author.
Morris B. Margolies, A Gathering of Angels: Angels in Jewish Life and Literature. New York: Ballantine, 1994, p. 109.
James H. Charlesworth, ed., The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Vol. II. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1990, p. 157.
Elaine Pagels, The Origin of Satan: How Christians Demonized Jews, Pagans, and Heretics. New York: Random House, 1995, p. 49.
Bhikkhu Naanamoli, The Life of the Buddha: According to the Pali Canon. Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1972, p. 19.
Buddha’s Teachings—Being the Sutta Nipata or Discourse Collection, trans. Lord Chalmers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Oriental Series, 1932, p. 105.
Buddha’s Teachings—Being the Sutta Nipata or Discourse Collection, trans. Lord Chalmers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Oriental Series, 1932, p. 105.
Bernard J. Bamberger, Fallen Angels. New York: Jewish Publication Society, 1952, p. 76.
Bernard J. Bamberger, Fallen Angels. New York: Jewish Publication Society, 1952, pp. 81–82.
Bernard J. Bamberger, Fallen Angels. New York: Jewish Publication Society, 1952, p. 83.
Al-Qur’an: A Contemporary Translation, trans. Ahmed Ali. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001, p. 15.
Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, cited in Leo Jung, Fallen Angels in Jewish, Christian and Mohammedan Literature. London: University of London, 1926, p. 60.
Erik Stave, “Aeshma (Asmodeus, Ashmedai),” www.jewishencyclopedia.com.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, pp. 85–86, retold by author.
Ma’aseh Book: Book of Jewish Tales and Legends, Vol. I, trans. Moses Gaster. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1934, p. 30, retold by author.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, pp. 499–502, retold by author.
Al-Qur’an: A Contemporary Translation, trans. Ahmed Ali. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001, p. 353.
Nagendra Kumar Singh, Encyclopaedia of Hinduism. New Delhi: Crescent, 2007, p. 1795, retold by author.
While we are dealing with myth, there is an actual Sefer Raziel that is a thirteenth-century Jewish mystical text originating among the Franco-German Jewish Pietists called the Chassidei Ashkenaz (the Pious Ones of Ashkenaz, the Hebrew word referring to the Rhineland and northern France). Most scholars believe the texts of the book were compiled and edited by Eleazer of Worms (c. 1160–1230), who was a major rabbi, mystic, and author. The Sefer Raziel is divided into five books filled with a detailed angelology, magical spells, and methods for writing healing amulets.
Gustav Davidson, A Dictionary of Angels: Including the Fallen Angels. New York: Free Press, 1967, p. 242.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, pp. 86–87, retold by author.
Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1956, p. 64, retold by author.
Zohar Hadash, Terumah, 42d, cited in Isaiah Tishby, The Wisdom of the Zohar: An Anthology of Texts, Vol. II, London: Oxford University Press, 1991, p. 627, retold by author.
Isaiah Tishby, The Wisdom of the Zohar: An Anthology of Texts, Vol. II, London: Oxford University Press, 1991, p. 627.
Zohar 1, 37b, 56b.
Elliot R. Wolfson, Through a Speculum that Shines: Vision and Imagination in Medieval Jewish Mysticism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994, p. 224.
Gustav Davidson, A Dictionary of Angels: Including the Fallen Angels. New York: Free Press, 1967, p. 192.
Isaiah Tishby, The Wisdom of the Zohar: An Anthology of Texts, Vol. II, London: Oxford University Press, 1991, p. 631.
Harold Bloom, Omens of the Millennium: The Gnosis of Angels, Dreams, and Resurrection. New York: Riverhead Books, 1996, p. 207.
Hayim Nahman Bialik and Yeshoshua Hana Ravnitzky, eds., The Book of Legends/Sefer Ha-Aggadah: Legends from the Talmud and Midrash. New York: Schocken, 1992, p. 473.
Ms. Jerusalem, NUL 80 147, fols. 96b–97a, cited in Moshe Idel, Ascensions on High in Jewish Mysticism: Pillars, Lines, Ladders. New York: Central European University Press, 2005, pp. 55–56.
Howard Schwartz, Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 176, retold by author.
Pius XII, Munificentissimus Deus, in Selected Documents of Pope Pius XII. Washington, D.C.: National Catholic Welfare Conference, 1950, pp. 38, 40, 44–45, 47.
Peter M. J. Stravinskas, ed., The Catholic Answer Book of Mary. Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor, 2000, p. 60.
Peter M. J. Stravinskas, ed., The Catholic Answer Book of Mary. Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor, 2000, pp. 60–61.
Peter M. J. Stravinskas, ed., The Catholic Answer Book of Mary. Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor, 2000, pp. 61–62.
Jenny Schroedel and John Schroedel, The Everything Mary Book: The Life and Legacy of the Blessed Mother. Avon, MA: Adams Media, 2006, p. 150.
The Little Flowers of St. Francis, trans. Roger Hudleston. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2003, p. 174.
Al-Qur’an: A Contemporary Translation, trans. Ahmed Ali. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001, p. 240.
Sahih Bukhari Book 9, Chapter 93: 608. Sahih Bukhari, trans. M. Muhsin Khan. Los Angeles: University of Southern California, electronic text, unpaginated (www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/hadith/bukhari/).
Marie-Rose Seguy, The Miraculous Journey of Mahomet. New York: George Braziller, 1977, p. 14.
Larger Sutra of Immeasurable Life, cited in Donald S. Lopez, Jr., ed., Buddhist Scriptures. New York: Penguin, 2004, p. 384.
Alfred Bloom, ed., The Essential Shinran: A Buddhist Path of True Entrusting. Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom, 2007, p. 133.
Teitetsu Unno, River of Fire, River of Water: An Introduction to the Pure Land Tradition of Shin Buddhism. New York: Doubleday, 1998, p. 181.
Teitetsu Unno, River of Fire, River of Water: An Introduction to the Pure Land Tradition of Shin Buddhism. New York: Doubleday, 1998, pp. 181–182.
Joseph Campbell, Myths of Light: Eastern Metaphors of the Eternal. Novato, CA: New World Library, 2003, p. xvii.
Joseph Campbell, with Bill Moyers, The Power of Myth. New York: Broadway Books, 1988, p. 163.
Joseph Campbell, with Bill Moyers, The Power of Myth. New York: Broadway Books, 1988, p. 163.
Hirsch Loeb Gordon, The Maggid of Caro: The Mystic Life of the Eminent Codifier Joseph Caro as Revealed in His Secret Diary. New York: Pardes Publishing, 1949, p. 253.
Hirsch Loeb Gordon, The Maggid of Caro: The Mystic Life of the Eminent Codifier Joseph Caro as Revealed in His Secret Diary. New York: Pardes Publishing, 1949, pp. 253–54.