NOTES

INTRODUCTION

1. Alex Delany, “Did You Know That There Are Different Types of Cinnamon?,” Bon Appétit, September 27, 2018, https://www.bonappetit.com/story/types-of-cinnamon.

2. “Cinnamaldehyde,” National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Database, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cinnamaldehyde.

3. Troy David Osborne, “A Taste of Paradise: Cinnamon,” University of Minnesota, https://www.lib.umn.edu/bell/tradeproducts/cinnamon.

4. “Cinnamon,” Winchester Hospital, https://www.winchesterhospital.org/health-library/article?id=21672.

CHAPTER 1

1. Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao and Siew Hua Gan, “Cinnamon: A Multifaceted Medicinal Plant,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (April 2014): 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/642942.

2. Anna Davies, “What Is Bulletproof Coffee and Is It Actually Good for You?,” Chowhound, January 14, 2020, https://www.chowhound.com/food-news/212150/what-is-bulletproof-coffee-is-it-good-for-you.

3. “The History of Butter,” Butter Journal, http://www.butterjournal.com/butter-history.

4. “History Of Food Preservation Timeline: When Did People Start To Preserve Food?,” DehydratorLab.com, https://dehydratorlab.com/history-of-food-preservation.

5. Seyed Fazel Nabavi et al., “Antibacterial Effects of Cinnamon: From Farm to Food, Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Industries,” Nutrients 7, no. 9 (September 2015): 7729-48, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095359.

6. Sean Paajanen, “An Abridged History of Hot Chocolate: Its Changes Over the Years,” The Spruce Eats, February 6, 2019, https://www.thespruceeats.com/the-history-of-hot-chocolate-764463.

7. Niamh Michail, “How Mexico’s cinnamon-spiked hot chocolate mirrors the country’s history,” Foodnavigator-latam.com, March 22, 2019, https://www.foodnavigator-latam.com/Article/2019/03/22/How-Mexico-s-cinnamon-spiked-hot-chocolate-mirrors-the-country-s-history.

8. Lindsey Goodwin, “The History of Masala Chai: From Ayurvedic Ambrosia to Americanized Coffeehouse Treat,” The Spruce Eats, October 24, 2019, https://www.thespruceeats.com/the-history-of-masala-chai-tea-765836.

9. Lad Vasant, “Ayurveda: A Brief Introduction and Guide,” The Ayurvedic Institute, 2006, https://www.ayurveda.com/resources/articles/ayurveda-a-brief-introduction-and-guide.

10. The Ayurveda Experience, “Cinnamon: Everything You Need To Know,” The Ayurveda Experience, November 17, 2018, https://www.theayurveda-experience.com/blog/cinnamon-ayurveda.

11. Gaia Herbs, “The Ultimate Guide to Golden Milk, Everything You Need to Know,” Gaia Herbs, October 20, 2016, https://www.gaiaherbs.com/blogs/seeds-of-knowledge/the-ultimate-guide-to-golden-milk.

12. VinePair Staff, “A (Brief) History Of The Cocktail,” VinePair, https://vine-pair.com/spirits-101/history-of-the-cocktail.

13. “History of Spices,” McCormick Science Institute, https://www.mccormick-scienceinstitute.com/resources/history-of-spices.

14. Y. H Hui et al., eds., Meat Science and Applications (New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001).

15. Heather Whipps, “How the Spice Trade Changed the World,” LiveScience, May 12, 2008, https://www.livescience.com/7495-spice-trade-changed-world.html.

16. Alam Khan et al., “Cinnamon Improves Glucose and Lipids of People With Type 2 Diabetes,” Diabetes Care 26, no. 12 (2003): 3215-18, https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.12.3215.

17. Erin Palinski-Wade, “Flour Power: 5 Options That Are Good for Baking and Diabetes,” OnTrack Diabetes, November 16, 2016, https://www.ontrackdiabetes.com/blogs/ask-diabetes-nutrition-expert/flour-power-5-options-are-good-baking-diabetes.

18. Mariel Synan, “Cinnamon’s Spicy History,” History.com, October 4, 2013, https://www.history.com/news/cinnamons-spicy-history.

19. MasterClass, “What Is Cinnamon? How to Cook With Cinnamon Spice,” MasterClass, July 2, 2019, https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-cinnamon-how-to-cook-with-cinnamon-spice.

20. Pallavi Kawatra and Rathai Rajagopalan, “Cinnamon: Mystic powers of a minute ingredient,” Pharmacognosy Research 7, no. 5 (June 2015): 1, https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.157990.

21. Keith Singletary, “Cinnamon,” Nutrition Today 54, no. 1 (January 2019): 42-52, https://doi.org/10.1097/nt.0000000000000319.

22. “Cinnamon Intake May Improve Memory,” GEN (Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News), July 22, 2016, https://www.genengnews.com/news/cinnamon-intake-may-improve-memory.

23. Julia Grimaldi, “History of Pickling,” Mass Great Outdoors Blog, August 11, 2014, https://blog.mass.gov/greatoutdoors/education/history-of-pickling.

24. Nabavi et al., “Antibacterial Effects of Cinnamon: From Farm to Food, Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Industries,” 7729-48.

25. EricT_CulinaryLore, “What Does Infusion Mean In Cooking?,” CulinaryLore, September 23, 2016, https://culinarylore.com/cooking-terms:what-does-infusion-mean-in-cooking.

CHAPTER 2

1. Maria Hernandez-Reif et al., “Breast cancer patients have improved immune and neuroendocrine functions following massage therapy,” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 57, no. 1 (July 2004): 45-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00500-2.

2. “Adults Demonstrate Modified Immune Response After Receiving Massage, Cedars-Sinai Researchers Show,” Cedars-Sinai, September 7, 2010, https://www.cedars-sinai.org/newsroom/adults-demonstrate-modified-immune-response-after-receiving-massage-cedars-sinai-researchers-show.

3. Reza Badalzadeh et al., “The Effect of Cinnamon Extract and Long-Term Aerobic Training on Heart Function, Biochemical Alterations and Lipid Profile Following Exhaustive Exercise in Male Rats,” Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 4, no. 6 (2014): 515-20, https://doi.org/10.5681/apb.2014.076.

4. Elin Julianti, Kasturi K. Rajah, and Irda Fidrianny, “Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cinnamon Bark, Honey, and Their Combination Effects against Acne-Causing Bacteria,” Scientia Pharmaceutica 85, no. 2 (April 2017): 19, https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm85020019.

5. Emily Thacker, The Cinnamon Book (Hartville, OH: James Direct Inc, 2012).

6. Gabriella Fabbrocini, Sara Cacciapuoti, and Giuseppe Monfrecola, “A Qualitative Investigation of the Impact of Acne on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL): Development of a Conceptual Model,” Dermatology and Therapy 8, no. 1 (February 2018): 85-99, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-018-0224-7.

7. “Acne: Who Gets and Causes,” American Academy of Dermatology, https://www.aad.org/acne-causes.

8. Emily Gaynor and Kristi Kellogg, “How To Lighten Hair Naturally: 7 Tips for Lighter Hair,” Teen Vogue, April 14, 2020, https://www.teenvogue.com/story/how-to-lighten-hair-with-the-sun.

9. Hallie Levine, “What Actually Happens To Your Hair As You Get Older,” Prevention, April 18, 2016, https://www.prevention.com/beauty/a20508421/aging-hair-myths.

10. Ralph M. Trueb, Hudson Dutra Rezende, and Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni Dias, “A comment on the science of hair aging,” International Journal of Trichology 10, no. 6 (2018): 245-54, https://doi.org/10.4103/ijt.ijt_56_18.

11. Laura Indriana, Wimpie Pangkahila, and I. Gusti Made Aman, “Topical application of cinnamon (cinnamomum burmanii) essential oil has the same effectiveness as minoxidil in increasing hair length and diameter size of hair follicles in male white Wistar rats (rattus norvegicus),” Indonesian Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine 2, no. 1 (January-June 2018): 13-16.

12. Catherine Devine, “Just the Facts: Cinnamon Oil for Hair Loss,” Allure, August 28, 2013, https://www.allure.com/story/does-cinnamon-oil-prevent-hair-loss.

13. Pallavi Kawatra and Rathai Rajagopalan, “Cinnamon: Mystic powers of a minute ingredient,” Pharmacognosy Research 7, no. 5 (June 2015): 1, https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.157990.

14. “Dry Skin,” American Osteopathic College of Dermatology (AOCD), https://www.aocd.org/page/DrySkin.

15. Bruno Burlando and Laura Cornara, “Honey in dermatology and skin care: a review,” Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 12, no. 4 (December 2013): 306-13, https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12058.

16. BeckyLittle, “ArsenicPillsandLead Foundation: TheHistoryofToxic Makeup,” National Geographic, September 22, 2016, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2016/09/ingredients-lipstick-makeup-cosmetics-science-his-tory.

17. Alanna Martine Kilkeary, “Beauty PI: The Surprising (and Kind of Ugly) History of Foundation,” Makeup.com, March 27, 2018, https://www.makeup.com/history-of-makeup-foundation.

18. “Skin Exposures and Effects,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, July 2, 2013, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin.

19. Health Agenda magazine, “The Importance of Oral Health: Dental hygiene isn’t just about teeth, good oral health can also help prevent a number of diseases,” HCF, January 2017, https://www.hcf.com.au/health-agenda/health-care/common-conditions/the-importance-of-oral-health.

20. Thomas P. Connelly, “The History of Toothpaste: From 5000 BC to the Present,” HuffPost, November 17, 2011, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mouth-health-the-history-_b_702332.

21. Sebastian G. Ciancio, “Baking soda dentifrices and oral health,” Journal of the American Dental Association 148, no. 11 (November 2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2017.09.009.

22. “Minipoo Dry Shampoo,” National Museum of American History, https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1414219.

23. Alanna Nunez, “9 Things You Don’t Know About Using Dry Shampoo,” Reader’s Digest, February 10, 2017, https://www.rd.com/beauty/dry-shampoo.

24. Brooke Shunatona, “How to Contour and Highlight for Your Face Shape,” Cosmopolitan, March 23, 2020, https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/beauty/how-to/a43730/face-shape-contour-map.

25. “What you need to know about alopecia areata,” National Alopecia Areata Foundation, https://www.naaf.org/alopecia-areata.

26. Tung-Chou Wen et al., “Effect of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira Leaf Aqueous Extract on Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation and Hair Growth,” Cell Transplantation 27, no. 2 (April 2018): 256-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963689717741139.

27. 2018 Plastic Surgery Statistics Report, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/Statistics/2018/plastic-surgery-statistics-full-report-2018.pdf.

28. Christine Ruggeri, “Cassia Oil Improves Circulation, Arthritis & Depression,” Dr. Axe, March 18, 2018. https://draxe.com/essential-oils/cassia-oil.

29. Amy Marturana Winderl, “The Thing Every Woman Gets Wrong About Cellulite,” SELF, June 29, 2016, https://www.self.com/story/cellulite-is-way-more-common-than-you-think.

30. Julia Malacoff, “Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Cellulite,” Shape, https://www.shape.com/weight-loss/tips-plans/what-cellulite.

31. “Cellulite Treatments: What Really Works?,” American Academy of Dermatology, https://www.aad.org/public/cosmetic/fat-removal/cellulite-treatments-what-really-works.

32. Ashley Houk, “The Benefits of Dry Brushing,” Mother Earth Living, https://www.motherearthliving.com/real-beauty/benefits-of-dry-brushing-zb0z1611zhou.

33. Jessica Chia, “Can Caffeine Really Help Reduce Cellulite?,” Women’s Health, March 24, 2016, https://www.womenshealthmag.com/beauty/a19938541/treating-cellulite-with-caffeine/.

34. “Acne: Who Gets and Causes,” American Academy of Dermatology.

35. Tash, “The Complete List of Comedogenic Oils,” Holistic Health Herbalist, https://www.holistichealthherbalist.com/complete-list-of-comedogenic-oils.

36. “Uses and benefits of Epsom salt,” Epsom Salt Council, https://www.epsom-saltcouncil.org/uses-benefits.

37. “History of Soap and Soap Interesting Facts,” Soap History, http://www.soa-phistory.net.

38. Jenna Rosenstein, “Are Bath Bombs Actually Good for Your Skin?,” Allure, September 10, 2017, https://www.allure.com/story/do-bath-bombs-really-work.

39. Vivian Manning-Schaffel, “How to heal dry, cracked heels, according to dermatologists,” BETTER by TODAY, November 14, 2019, https://www.nbcnews.com/better/lifestyle/how-care-dry-cracked-heels-according-dermatologists-ncna1080001.

40. Karim Orange, “Anti-Aging Part One: The Importance of Collagen,” HuffPost, November 28, 2016, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anti-aging-part-1-the-importance-of-collagen_b_583cd543e4b04e28cf5b8ac3.

41. Naoko Takasao et al., “Cinnamon Extract Promotes Type I Collagen Biosynthesis via Activation of IGF-I Signaling in Human Dermal Fibroblasts,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60, no. 5 (January 2012): 1193-200, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2043357.

42. Takasao, “Cinnamon Extract Promotes Type I Collagen Biosynthesis via Activation of IGF-I Signaling in Human Dermal Fibroblasts,” 1193-200.

43. “Harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Council on Scientific Affairs,” The Journal of the American Medical Association 262, no. 3 (July 1989): 380-84, PMID: 2661872; “Tanning & Your Skin,” Skin Cancer Foundation, June 2019, https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/tanning.

CHAPTER 3

1. A.H. Atta and A. Alkofahi, “Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of some Jordanian medicinal plant extracts,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 60, no. 2 (March 1998): 117-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00137-2.

2. Martina Morokutti-Kurz, Christine Graf, and Eva Prieschl-Grassauer, “Amylmetacreso1/2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, hexylresorcinol, or carra-geenan lozenges as active treatments for sore throat,” International Journal of General Medicine 2017, no. 10 (February 2017): 53-60, https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s120665.

3. Manisha Deb Mandal and Shyamapada Mandal, “Honey: its medicinal property and antibacterial activity,” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 1, no. 2 (April 2011): 154-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60016-6.

4. Seyed Fazel Nabavi et al., “Antibacterial Effects of Cinnamon: From Farm to Food, Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Industries,” Nutrients 7, no. 9 (September 2015): 7729-48, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095359.

5. D. A. Vattem et al., “Dietary supplementation with two Lamiaceae herbs-(oregano and sage) modulates innate immunity parameters in Lumbric us terrestris,” Pharmacognosy Research 5, no. 1 (2013): 1-9, https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.105636.

6. “Dextromethorphan (DXM),” CESAR, http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/dxm.asp.

7. Saeed Samarghandian, Tahereh Farkhondeh, and Fariborz Samini, “Honey and Health: A Review ofRecent Clinical Research,” Pharmacognosy Research 9, no. 2 (April-June 2017): 121-27, https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.204647.

8. “Mouthwash (Mouthrinse),” American Dental Association, August 29, 2019, https://www.ada.org/en/member-center/oral-health-topics/mouthrinse.

9. Sebastian G. Ciancio, “Baking soda dentifrices and oral health,” Journal of the American Dental Association 148, no. 11 (November 2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2017.09.009.

10. Vagish Kumar L. Shanbhag, “Oil pulling for maintaining oral hygiene—A review,” Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 106-09, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.004.

11. “Athlete’s foot: Overview,” InformedHealth.org [Internet], June 14, 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279549.

12. Jolene Feldman and Immanuel Barshi, The Effects of Blood Glucose Levels on Cognitive Performance: A Review of the Literature, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 2007.

13. “Cinnamon may be fragrant medicine for the brain,” U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, July 21, 2016, https://www.research.va.gov/currents/0716-6.cfm.

14. Mandal and Mandal, “Honey: its medicinal property and antibacterial activity,” 154-60.

15. “Why Do We Eat Chicken Noodle Soup When We Are Sick?,” UPMC HealthBeat, February 15, 2014, https://share.upmc.com/2014/02/chicken-noodle-soup-when-sick.

16. Josh Axe, “5 Signs You’re Suffering From Candida Overgrowth—and What You Can Do About It,” U.S. News & World Report, https://health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/articles/2015-12-23/5-signs-youre-suffer-ing-from-candida-overgrowth-and-what-you-can-do-about-it.

17. “Vaginal candidiasis,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, December 17, 2019, https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/genital.

18. “Which Countries Have the Highest and Lowest Cancer Rates? [Updated 2019],” Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, September 30, 2019, https://blog.dana-farber.org/insight/2019/09/which-countries-have-the-highest-and-lowest-cancer-rates.

19. Ho-Keun Kwon et al., “Cinnamon extract suppresses tumor progression by modulating angiogenesis and the effector function of CD8+ T cells,” Cancer Letters 278, no. 2 (June 2009): 174-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2009.01.015.

20. Shahla Kakoei et al., “Prevalence of Toothache and Associated Factors: A Population-Based Study in Southeast Iran,” Iranian Endodontic Journal 8, no. 3 (Summer 2013): 123-28, PMID: 23922574.

21. “Toothache,” Cleveland Clinic, March 23, 2020, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10957-toothache.

22. D. L. Nurmalasari, M. Damiyanti, and Y. K. Eriwati, “Effect of cinnamon extract solution on human tooth enamel surface roughness,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1073, no. 3 (2018): 032022, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1073/3/032022.

23. Jian Zhen Ou et al., “Potential of in vivo real-time gastric gas profiling: a pilot evaluation of heat-stress and modulating dietary cinnamon effect in an animal model,” Scientific Reports 6, no. 33387 (September 2016), https://www.nature.com/articles/srep33387.

24. Pallavi Kawatra and Rathai Rajagopalan, “Cinnamon: Mystic powers of a minute ingredient,” Pharmacognosy Research 7, no. 5 (June 2015): 1, https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.157990; Mariel Synan, “Cinnamon’s Spicy History,” History.com, October 4, 2013, https://www.history.com/news/cinnamons-spicy-history.

25. Esther Muchene, “6 natural home remedies for passing gas,” Eve, https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2001265490/6-natural-home-remedies-for-passing-gas.

26. Alessandro Villa, “Bad breath: What causes it and what to do about it,” Harvard Health, January 21, 2019, https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/bad-breath-what-causes-it-and-what-to-do-about-it-2019012115803.

27. “Definition and Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease,” DaVita, https://international.davita.com/pl/en/patient-resources/kidney-disease-education/symptoms-and-diagnoses/10067.

28. “Researchers Improve Wound Healing with Cinnamon Treatment,” Advanced Tissue, June 23, 2016, https://advancedtissue.com/2016/06/researchers-improve-wound-healing-with-cinnamon-treatment.

29. “Peppermint oil and cinnamon could help treat and heal chronic wounds,” American Chemical Society, July 8, 2015, https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2015/acs-presspac-july-8-2015/peppermint-oil-and-cinnamon-could-help-treat-and-heal-chronic-wounds.html.

30. S. Siddiqua et al., “Antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde and clove oil: effect on selected foodborne pathogens in model food systems and watermelon juice,” Journal of Food Science and Technology 52, no. 9 (November 2014): 5834-41, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1642-x.

31. Peter Molan and Tanya Rhodes, “Honey: A Biologic Wound Dressing,” Wounds 27, no. 6 (June 2015): 141-51, https://www.woundsresearch.com/article/honey-biologic-wound-dressing; “Researchers Improve Wound Healing with Cinnamon Treatment.”

32. Jessica Brown, “What we do and don’t know about gut health,” BBC Future, January 22, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190121-what-we-do-and-dont-know-about-gut-health.

33. Jo Lewin, “The health benefits of cinnamon,” BBC Good Food, September 13, 2019, https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/health-benefits-cinnamon.

34. “What is Eczema?,” National Eczema Association, https://nationaleczema.org/eczema.

35. “Eczema Causes and Triggers,” National Eczema Association, https://natio-naleczema.org/eczema/causes-and-triggers-of-eczema.

36. Rajani Katta and Megan Schlichte, “Diet and Dermatitis: Food Triggers,” Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology 7, no. 3 (March 2014): 30-36, PMID: 24688624.

37. “Heart Disease Facts,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, June 22, 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm.

38. “HDL (Good), LDL (Bad) Cholesterol and Triglycerides,” American Heart Association, April 30, 2017, https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/hdl-good-ldl-bad-cholesterol-and-triglycerides; “Could Too Much ‘Good’ HDL Cholesterol Be Bad for Your Heart?,” South Lake Women’s Healthcare, August 27, 2018, https://southlakewomens.com/blog/could-too-much-good-hdl-cholesterol-be-bad-for-your-heart.

39. “11 foods that lower cholesterol,” Harvard Health, October 2009, https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/11-foods-that-lower-cholesterol.

40. “Why You Should Have a Daily Dose of Cinnamon,” Good Housekeeping, January 16, 2014, https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/health/diet-nutrition/a19907/cinnamon-benefits.

41. “Statistics About Diabetes,” American Diabetes Association, https://www.diabetes.org/resources/statistics/statistics-about-diabetes.

42. Alam Khan et al., “Cinnamon Improves Glucose and Lipids of People With Type 2 Diabetes,” Diabetes Care 26, no. 12 (2003): 3215-18, https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.12.3215.

43. Robert W. Allen et al., “Cinnamon Use in Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Annals of Family Medicine 11, no. 5 (September 2013): 452-59, https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1517.

44. Shahla Fadaei and Masoomeh Asle-Rousta, “Anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) extract in rats receiving lead acetate,” Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 22, no. 6 (October 2018): 31-39, https://doi.org/10.22102/22.6.31.

45. Isa Kay, “Is Your Mood Disorder a Symptom of Unstable Blood Sugar?,” Univeristy of Michigan, School of Public Health, October 21, 2019, https://sph.umich.edu/pursuit/2019posts/mood-blood-sugar-kujawski.html.

46. Therese Borchard, “10 Fall Foods to Boost Your Mood,” EverydayHealth, October 6, 2016, https://www.everydayhealth.com/columns/therese-borchard-sanity-break/10-fall-foods-to-boost-your-mood.

47. Uma Naidoo, “Gut feelings: How food affects your mood,” Harvard Health, December 7, 2018, https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/gut-feelings-how-food-affects-your-mood-2018120715548.

48. Sumanta Kumar Goswami et al., “Efficacy of Cinnamomum cassia Blume. in age induced sexual dysfunction of rats,” Journal of Young Pharmacists 5, no. 4 (2013): 148-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jyp.2013.11.001.

49. “What Is Arthritis?,” Arthritis Foundation, https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/understanding-arthritis/what-is-arthritis.

50. Kentaro Tsuji-Naito, “Aldehydic components of Cinnamon bark extract suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through NFATc1 down-regulation,” Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 20 (October 2008): 9176-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.09.036.

51. Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao and Siew Hua Gan, “Cinnamon: A Multifaceted Medicinal Plant,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (April 2014): 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/642942.

52. “Best Spices for Arthritis,” Arthritis Foundation, https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/healthy-living/nutrition/healthy-eating/best-spices-for-arthritis.

53. Rebecca C. Brown, Alan H. Lockwood, and Babasaheb R. Sonawane, “Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors,” Environmental Health Perspectives 113, no. 9 (September 2005): 1250-256, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7567.

54. Brown, Lockwood, and Sonawane, “Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors,” 1250-56; Sabrian Giacoppo et al., “Heavy Metals and Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Observational Study,” Biological Trace Element Research 161 (August 2014): 151-60, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0094-5.

55. “What Happens to the Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease?,” National Institute on Aging, May 16, 2017, https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease.

56. Dylan W. Peterson et al., “Cinnamon Extract Inhibits Tau Aggregation Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease In Vitro,” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 17, no. 3 (July 2009): 585-97, https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-2009-1083.

57. “Causes: Parkinson’s disease,” NHS, April 30, 2019, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/parkinsons-disease/causes/.

58. Rush University Medical Center, “Cinnamon may be used to halt progression of Parkinson’s disease, study suggests,” ScienceDaily, July 9, 2014, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140709095257.htm.

59. “What is Osteoporosis and What Causes It?,” National Osteoporosis Foundation, https://www.nof.org/patients/what-is-osteoporosis.

60. “Cinnamon Inhibits Osteoclasts In Vitro,” Osteoporosis-Studies, September 5, 2013, http://osteoporosis-studies.com/category/supplements/cinnamon.

61. Steven L. Teitelbaum, “Osteoclasts: What Do They Do and How Do They Do It?” American Journal of Pathology 170, no. 2 (February 2007): 427-35, https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2007.060834.

62. Prashant Singh, Sonia S. Yoon, and Braden Kuo, “Nausea: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutics,” Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 9, no. 1 (November 2015): 98-112, https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283x15618131.

63. Anu Saini, “Evidence-Based Home remedies for Nausea,” Ayur Times, November 14, 2016, https://www.ayurtimes.com/nausea-home-remedies.

64. Karen Mustian et al., “Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting During Chemotherapy,” US Oncology & Hematology, 7, no. 2 (January 2011): 91-97, https://doi.org/10.17925/ohr.2011.07.2.91.

65. Molouk Jaafarpour et al., “The Effect of Cinnamon on Menstrual Bleeding and Systemic Symptoms With Primary Dysmenorrhea,” Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 17, no. 4 (April 2015): e59647, https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.17(4)2015.27032.

66. Amber Scriven, “7 Herbal Remedies That Can Help Relieve A Stiff Neck, According To An Herbalist & Acupuncturist,” Mindbodygreen, March 30, 2020, https://www.mindbodygreen.com/0-5614/7-Natural-Tricks-to-Heal-a-Stiff-Neck.html.

67. A. Narayanan et al., “Oral supplementation of trans-cinnamaldehyde reduces uropathogenic Escherichia coli colonization in a mouse model,” Letters in Applied Microbiology 64, no. 3 (January 2017): 192-97, https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12713.

68. “What is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Adults?,” Urology Care Foundation, April 2019, https://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/urinary-tract-infections-in-adults.

69. Narayanan, “Oral supplementation of trans-cinnamaldehyde reduces uro-pathogenic Escherichia coli colonization in a mouse model,” 192-97.

70. “What is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Adults?,” Urology Care Foundation.

71. Kathleen M. Zelman, “The Grapefruit Diet,” https://www.medicinenet.com/the_grapefruit_diet/views.htm.

72. Ken Fujioka et al., “The Effects of Grapefruit on Weight and Insulin Resistance: Relationship to the Metabolic Syndrome,” Journal of Medicinal Food 9, no. 1 (March 2006): 49-54, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.9.49.

73. Brian Wilmovsky, Dream Health: How to Live a Balanced and Healthy Life in an Unbalanced World (Lake Mary, FL: Siloam, 2006).

74. Caroline J. Cederquist, “Insulin Resistance: The Real Reason Why You Aren’t Losing Weight,” HuffPost, February 5, 2015, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/metabolism-dysfunction-th_b_6430370.

75. Juan Jiang et al., “Cinnamaldehyde induces fat cell-autonomous thermogen-esis and metabolic reprogramming,” Metabolism 77 (August 2017): 58-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2017.08.006.

76. David A. Wiss, Nicole Avena, and Pedro Rada, “Sugar Addiction: From Evolution to Revolution,” Frontiers in Psychiatry 9 (November 2018), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00545.

77. Richard A. Anderson, “Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity: Plenary Lecture,” Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 67, no. 1 (February 2008): 48-53, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665108006010.

78. Joan Kent, “How to Handle Sugar Cravings and Recover from Sugar Addiction,” TheDiabetesCouncil.com, June 2, 2020, https://www.thediabetescouncil.com/handle-sugar-cravings-recover-sugar-addiction.

79. “Cholesterol,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, February 21, 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/index.htm.

80. “Your Blood Lipids,” University of California, San Francisco, https://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/diet-and-nutrition/understanding-fats-oils/your-blood-lipids/.

81. Khan, “Cinnamon Improves Glucose and Lipids of People With Type 2 Diabetes,” 3215-218.

82. Jennifer Moll, “Can Taking Cinnamon Lower Your Cholesterol?,” Verywell Health, January 25, 2020, https://www.verywellhealth.com/can-cinnamon-lower-cholesterol-698109.

83. “FDA advises patients on use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for COVID-19,” U.S. Food & Drug Administration, March 19, 2020, https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-advises-patients-use-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-nsaids-covid-19.

84. Pat Anson, “Is Cinnamon a Safer Pain Reliever?,” Pain News Network, July 13, 2015, https://www.painnewsnetwork.org/stories/2015/7/13/is-cinnamon-a-safer-pain-reliever.

85. Pallavi Latthe, Rita Champaneria, and Khalid Khan, “Dysmenorrhea,” American Family Physician 85, no. 4 (February 2012): 386-87, https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0215/p386.html.

86. Jaafarpour et al., “Effect of Cinnamon on Menstrual Bleeding and Systemic Symptoms With Primary Dysmenorrhea,” e59647.

87. Molouk Jaafarpour et al., “Comparative Effect of Cinnamon and Ibuprofen for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial,” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 9, no. 4 (April 2015): QC04-07, https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2015/12084.5783.

88. “PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) and Diabetes,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, March 24, 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/pcos.html.

89. Lei Dou et al., “The effect of cinnamon on polycystic ovary syndrome in a mouse model,” Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 16, no. 1 (October 2018), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0418-y.

90. “Overview of the Immune System,” National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, December 30, 2013, https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/immune-system-overview.

91. Franziska Roth-Walter et al., “Immune Suppressive Effect ofCinnam aldehyde Due to Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis in Immune Cells: Implications in Cancer,” PLOS ONE 9, no. 10 (October 2014), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108402.

92. F. E. G. Cox, “History of Human Parasitology,” Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15, no. 4 (October 2002): 595-612, https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.15.4.595-612.2002.

93. Todd Watts and Jay Davidson, “12 Best Essential Oils For Parasite Cleansing,” Detox Learning Center, January 16, 2019, https://microbeformulas.com/blogs/microbe-formulas/12-best-essential-oils-for-parasite-cleansing.

94. Evan C. Palmer-Young et al., “Effects of the floral phytochemical eugenol on parasite evolution and bumble bee infection and preference,” Scientific Reports 8, 2074 (February 2018), https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-20369-2?proof=t.

CHAPTER 4

1. Kaitlin Benedict et al., “Estimation of Direct Healthcare Costs of Fungal Diseases in the United States,” Clinical Infectious Diseases 68, no. 11 (June 2019): 1791-97, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy776.

2. Mi-Young Yoon, Byeongjin Cha, and Jin-Cheol Kim, “Recent Trends in Studies on Botanical Fungicides in Agriculture,” Plant Pathology Journal 29, no. 1 (March 2013): 1-9, https://doi.org/10.5423/ppj.rw.05.2012.0072.

3. “Using Cinnamon in the Garden,” Growing Organic, https://growingorganic.com/diy-guide/using-cinnamon-in-the-garden.

4. Marie Iannotti, “Damping off Disease of Seedlings,” The Spruce, June 10, 2020, https://www.thespruce.com/damping-off-disease-of-seedlings-1402519.

5. Jolanta Kowalska et al., “Cinnamon powder: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation of antifungal and plant growth promoting activity,” European Journal of Plant Pathology 156, no. 1 (November 2019): 237-43, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01882-0.

6. Jon VanZile, “How to Use Powdered Rooting Hormone: Propagating Your Plants From Cuttings,” The Spruce, August 7, 2020, https://www.thespruce.com/how-to-use-rooting-hormone-1902934.

7. Society for Neuroscience, “Controlling fire ants with natural compounds,” ScienceDaily, February 5, 2018, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180205141122.htm.

8. “Mosquito-Borne Diseases,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, March 21, 2016, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/outdoor/mosquito-borne/default.html.

9. Adelina Thomas et al., “Evaluation of active ingredients and larvicidal activity of clove and cinnamon essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (sensu lato)” Parasites & Vectors 10, no. 1 (September 2017), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2355-6.

10. “All-Natural Room Spray,” Martha Stewart, https://www.marthastewart.com/1526211/natural-room-spray-with-essential-oils.

11. “History,” National Candle Association, https://candles.org/history.

12. Christine Blume, Corrado Garbazza, and Manuel Spitschan, “Effects of light on human circadian rhythms, sleep and mood,” Somnologie 23, no. 3 (August 2019): 147-56, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-019-00215-x.

13. Lindsay Holmes, “11 Scents That Can Do Wonders For Your Well-Being,” HuffPost, April 26, 2014, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/scents-and-wellbeing_n_5193609.

14. BH&G Editors, “How to Clean Almost Every Surface of Your Home With Vinegar,” Better Homes & Gardens, March 10, 2020, https://www.bhg.com/homekeeping/house-cleaning/tips/cleaning-with-vinegar.

15. Yunbin Zhang et al., “Antibacterial activity and mechanism of cinnamon essential oil against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus” Food Control 59 (January 2016): 282-89, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0956713515300219.

16. “How to Make Your Car Smell Great Again,” Carwise, September 28, 2018, https://www.carwise.com/blog/2018/06/12/how-to-make-your-car-smell-great-again.

17. Ayn-Monique Klahre, “How To Deodorize Your Carpet Naturally with Baking Soda,” Kitchn, December 12, 2017, https://www.thekitchn.com/how-to-deodorize-your-carpet-naturally-with-baking-soda-252554.

18. Kathy Keville, “Aromatherapy: Cinnamon,” HowStuffWorks, https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/natural-medicine/aromatherapy/aromathera-py-cinnamon.htm.

19. “Why Do Mosquitoes Bite Me So Much?,” Terminix, https://www.terminix.com/blog/education/why-mosquitoes-bite-me-so-much.

20. Susan Brink, “A Guide To Mosquito Repellents, From DEET To . . . Gin And Tonic?,” NPR, June 30, 2018, https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsand-soda/2018/06/30/623865454/a-guide-to-mosquito-repellents-from-deet-to-gin-and-tonic.

21. American Chemical Society, “Cinnamon Oil Kills Mosquitoes,” ScienceDaily, July 16, 2004, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/07/040716081706.htm.

22. Michael F. Potter, “Clothes Moths,” Entomology at the University of Kentucky, https://entomology.ca.uky.edu/ef609.

23. “Health Effects of Mothballs,” National Pesticide Information Center, February 9, 2017, http://npic.orst.edu/ingred/ptype/mothball/health.html.

24. Pest Republic, “How to Get Rid of Moths Naturally,” Pest Republic, May 4, 2019, https://pestrepublic.com/how-to-get-rid-of-moths-naturally.

25. Markham Heid, “The Creepy Truth About Humidifiers,” Time, March 01, 2017, https://time.com/4685972/humidifier-disinfectants-bacteria-water.

26. Anne Steinemann, “Ten questions concerning air fresheners and indoor built environments,” Building and Environment 111 (January 2017): 279-84, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132316304334.

27. F. Gayle Gregory, “Potpourri,” Grower Direct, https://www.growerdirect.com/potpourri.

28. Seyed Fazel Nabavi et al., “Antibacterial Effects of Cinnamon: From Farm to Food, Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Industries,” Nutrients 7, no. 9 (September 2015): 7729-48, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095359.

29. “The History Of The Broom,” Spring Wolf, http://www.paganspath.com/magik/broom.htm.

30. “Fed Up With Smelly Shoes? 5 Steps To Fight The Funk Once And For All,” Road Runner Sports, https://www.roadrunnersports.com/blog/smelly-shoes.

31. Nabavi, “Antibacterial Effects of Cinnamon: From Farm to Food, Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Industries,” 7729-48.