Illustrations

Linlithgow Palace from Theatrum Scotiae, London, 1718 ‘Courtesy of the University of St Andrews Library’

Mary of Guise © The Scottish National Portrait Gallery

Henry VIII © National Portrait Gallery, London

Antoinette of Bourbon © Musée Nationale de la Renaissance, Ecouen

Edward VI as a baby with a rattle by Holbein © National Gallery of Art, Washington / The Bridgeman Art Library

Francis II aged eight © Musée Condé, Chantilly / The Bridgeman Art Library

Elizabeth de Valois 1559, by François Clouet © Musée Condé, Chantilly

Mary, aged nine © Musée Condé, Chantilly / The Bridgeman Art Library

Mary Stuart aged 15 shortly before her wedding © National Portrait Gallery, London

The death of Henry II © Private Collection / The Bridgeman Art Library

Double portrait of Mary and Francis II from the Book of Hours belonging to Catherine de Medici © Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris

Catherine de Medici after François Clouet © Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris

Mary’s first letter to a foreign ruler, sent to Mary Tudor in January 1554 ‘Courtesy of The National Archives, London’

Coronation of Francis II © Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris / The Bridgeman Art Library

Mary in white widow’s dress, oil on panel after Clouet © The Scottish National Portrait Gallery / The Bridgeman Art Library

Sir Nicholas Throckmorton © National Portrait Gallery, London

James Stuart, Earl of Morayfrom a Scottish private collection’

James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton by an unknown artist © The Scottish National Portrait Gallery

William Cecil’s monumentby courtesy of the Marquess of Salisbury’

Charles, Cardinal de Lorraine by François Clouet © The British Museum

John Knox haranguing Mary, woodcut engraving © The British Museum / The Bridgeman Art Library

Engraving of Holyrood House after J. Gordon ‘from a private collection’

The ‘Sieve’ portrait of Elizabeth I © Pinacoteca Nazionale, Siena

Henry, Lord Darnley by Hans Eworth © The Scottish National Portrait Gallery / The Bridgeman Art Library

Henry, Lord Darnley by an unknown artist © The Scottish National Portrait Gallery The Lennox Jewel from The Royal Collection © 2003, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Mary’s letter to Elizabeth, 28 August 1565 ‘Courtesy of The National Archives, London’ Miniature of Bothwell by an unknown artist © The Scottish National Portrait Gallery

Mary Queen of Scots with hat and feather © National Portrait Gallery, London

The first page of the Long Glasgow Letter (Casket Letter 2)Courtesy of The National Archives, London’

Casket Letter 5Courtesy of The National Archives, London’

Placard of the Mermaid and the HareCourtesy of The National Archives, London’

Darnley’s murder at Kirk o’FieldCourtesy of The National Archives, London’

Mary’s surrender at Carberry HillCourtesy of The National Archives, London’

Mary’s letter to Throckmorton from her tower at Lochleven CastleCourtesy of The National Archives, London’

A miniature of Mary by Nicholas Hilliard © Victoria & Albert Museum, London / The Bridgeman Art Library

Bess of Hardwick by Rowland Lockey © National Trust Photo Library

‘The Phoenix’ from the Oxburgh HangingsCourtesy of the Victoria & Albert Museum, London’

‘A Catte’ from the Oxburgh Hangings from The Royal Collection © 2003, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II

Sir Francis Walsingham by John de Critz © National Portrait Gallery, London

Ciphers used by MaryCourtesy of The National Archives, London’

The Trial of Mary Queen of Scots © The British Library

The Execution of Mary at Fotheringhay Castle © The Scottish National Portrait Gallery