Notes
Introduction: What is a Cultural Revolution?
4 “moral center ... ,”“had been an intelligent ...” Sandra Blakeslee, “Old Accident Points to Brain’s Moral Center,” The New York Times, May 24, 1994, pages C I, C 14.
5 “great revolutions ...” Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the Revolution, Vol. I, edited by François Furet and Françoise Mélonio (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), page 95.
5 “the most total ...” David Frum, How We Got Here: The 1970s: The Decade That Brought You Modern Life (For Better or Worse) (New York: Basic Books, 2000), page xxii.
6 “We have witnessed ...” Paul Oskar Kristeller, “A Life of Learning,” The American Scholar, Summer 1991, page 348.
6 “in or about December 1910, ...” Virginia Woolf, “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown,” Collected Essays, Vol. I (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1967), pages 320-321.
8 “A revolution is not ...” Jean-François Revel, The Totalitarian Temptation (Garden City: Doubleday, 1977), page 8.
8 “The images of Orpheus ...” Herbert Marcuse, Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966, orig. pub. 1956), page 164.
9 “the bourgeois’ need ...” Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today’s Students (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987), page 78.
9 “We’re permanent ...” Jerry Rubin, Do It! Scenarios of the Revolution (New York: Ballantine Books, 1970), page 89.
10 “Satisfy our demands ...” Rubin, Do It!, page 125.
10 “Though it may appear ...” José Ortega y Gasset, The Revolt of the Masses (New York: W W. Norton, 1932 [1930]), page 189.
11 “the triumph of babydom ... ,” “Two decades ...” Alain Finkielkraut, The Undoing of Thought, translated by Dennis O‘Keeffe (London: The Claridge Press, 1988), pages 129,127-128.
12 “like Monteverdi ...” Richard Poirier, “Learning From the Beatles,” Partisan Review, Vol. 34, No.4, 1967, page 527.
12 “It is not just ...” Finkielkraut, Undoing, pages 114, 115.
13 “value vacuum ...” Hermann Broch, Hugo von Hofmannsthal and His Time: The European Imagination 1860-1920, translated by Michael P Steinberg (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), page 55.
13 “battle between elitism ...” William A. Henry, III, In Defense of Elitism (New York: Doubleday, 1994), page 12.
14 “social indicators ...” Francis Fukuyama, The Great Disruption: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order (New York: The Free Press, 1999).
14 “The Sixties ...” Robert Bork, Slouching Towards Gomorrah: Modern Liberalism and American Decline (New York: Regan Books, 1996), page 13.
16 “the long march ...” Herbert Marcuse, Counterrevolution and Revolt (Boston: Beacon Press, 1972), page 55.
16 “the nasty things ...” Harvey Mansfield, “The Legacy of the Late Sixties,” Reassessing the Sixties: Debating the Political and Cultural Legacy, edited by Stephen Macedo (New York: W W Norton, 1997), page 23.
16 “neither morals, nor riches ...” Quoted in Hannah Arendt, On Revolution (New York: The Viking Press, 1965), page 142.
17 “I think I know man ...” Quoted in Carol Blum, Rousseau and the Republic of Virtue: The Language of Politics in the French Revolution (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986), page 84.
17 “drunk on virtue .. Quoted in Blum, Rousseau, page 49.
17 “Those who dare ...” Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract (New York: Hafner, 1947), page 36 (Book II, Chapter vii, “Of the Legislator”).
17 “the revolutionary consciousness ...” Roger Scruton, “Man’s Second Disobedience: Reflections on the French Revolution,” The Philosopher on Dover Beach: Essays (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990), page 200.
17 ”born free ...” Rousseau, Contract, page 5 (Book I, Chapter i, “Subject of the First Book”).
18 “general will ...” Rousseau, A Discourse on Political Economy, in The Social Contract and Discourses (New York: Dutton, 1973), pages 127-128.
18 “virtue and its emanation ...” Quoted in Blum, Rousseau, page 30.
19 “The moral revolution ...” Edward Shils, “Dreams of Plenitude, Nightmares of Scarcity,” The Order of Learning: Essays on the Contemporary University, edited by Philip G. Altbach (New Brunswick: Transaction, 1997), page 199.
19 “The highest ideal ...” Edward Shils, “Totalitarians and Antinomians,” Political Passages: Journeys of Change Through Two Decades 1968-1988, John H. Bunzel, editor (New York: The Free Press, 1988), page 15.
20 “one has often been struck ...” Arendt, On Revolution, page 79.
22 “something admirable in violent emotion ...” T. S. Eliot, After Strange Gods: A Primer of Modem Heresy (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and Company, 1934), pages 59-60.
22 “the virtues have gone mad ...” G. K. Chesterton, Orthodoxy: The Romance of Faith (New York: Doubleday, 1990, orig. pub. 1908), page 30.
23 “will bring down ...” Irving Kristol,“Countercultures,” Neo-Conservatism: The Autobiography of an Idea (New York: The Free Press, 1995), page 146.
24 “commentary about the 1960s ...” For example, Myron Magnet’s The Dream and the Nightmare: The Sixties’ Legacy to the Underclass (Encounter Books, 2000; orig. pub. 1993) deftly shows how aspects of the ideology of emancipation from the 1960s were translated into social policies that encouraged a disastrous culture of dependence. David Horowitz’s and Peter Collier’s Destructive Generation: Second Thoughts About the Sixties (Summit, 1990; new edition 1997) provides an impassioned chronicle of disillusionment by two former radicals. Allan Bloom’s The Closing of the American Mind (Simon and Schuster, 1987) analyzes how an unthinking commitment to relativism and “openness” in the Sixties corrupted higher education and stunted the emotional and spiritual lives of college students at even the best colleges and universities. On the other side of the ideological spectrum, there are books like Todd Gitlin’s The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage (Bantam, 1987), which both offers a history and attempts an exoneration of its subject, and his later volume The Twilight of Common Dreams: Why American is Wracked by Culture Wars (Metropolitan Books, 1995), which attempts to explain why the grandiose “idealism” of the Sixties failed. Also from a left-liberal perspective is Morris Dickstein’s Gates of Eden: American Culture in the Sixties (Basic Books, 1977), which locates the rise of Sixties radicalism essentially in a reaction to Cold War politics. I should also mention the huge omnibus history by Arthur Marwick, The Sixties (Oxford, 1998), a 900-page sociologicohistorical grab-bag that extols the Sixties as a period of “optimism and genuine faith in the dawning of a better world.” I discuss Marwick’s book in detail in Chapter II.
24 “widely shared...” Fredric Jameson, “Periodizing the 60s,” Ideologies of Theory, II: Syntax of History (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988) page 207.
24 “the world wide ...” Jameson, ibid.
24 “In Praise of the Counterculture,” The New York Times, December II, 1994, page A 14.
25 “the way we think ...” Marilynne Robinson, The Death of Adam: Essays on Modern Thought (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998), page 153.
25 “Only a few periods ...” “In Praise of the Counterculture,” page A 14.
29 “life of complete ...” Shils, “Totalitarians,” page 15.
29 “the totalitarian tissues ...” This and the following quotations from “The White Negro” can be found in Norman Mailer, Advertisements for Myself (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992, orig. pub. 1959), pages 337-358.
30 “one of the best things ...” Mailer, Advertisements, page 335.
30 “the white race ...” “Against Interpretation” and “Notes on ‘Camp’” were published in Against Interpretation (New York: Dell, 1964). The quotation about the white race appears in “What’s Happening in America (1966),” Styles of Radical Will (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969), page 203.
30 “America is a cancerous ... ,” “rock, grass ...” Susan Sontag, “Some Thoughts on the Right Way (for us) to Love the Cuban Revolution,” Ramparts, April 1969, pages 6, 18.
32 “merely a Negro ...” James Baldwin, “The Discovery of What it Means to Be an American,” Nobody Knows My Name: More Notes of a Native Son, Collected Essays (New York: The Library of America, 1998), page 137.
32 “an insurrectionary act ...” Eldridge Cleaver, Soul on Ice (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968), page 14.
34 “jump, jam & party ...” Diana West, “Before Their Time,” The Wall Street Journal, December 3, 1999, page W 17.
34 “the path of sublimation ...” Norman O. Brown, Life Against Death: The Psychoanalytic Meaning of History, second edition, with an introduction by Christopher Lasch (Hanover: Wesleyan University Press, 1985, orig. pub. 1959), page 307.
35 “La contrerévolution ...” Arendt, On Revolution, page 18.
Chapter I: A Gospel of Emancipation
38 “startling oases of creativity...’ James Campbell, writing about Burroughs, in This is the Beat Generation: New York-San Francisco-Paris (London: Seeker & Warburg, 1999), page 285.
39 “depth and seriousness ...” Lisa Phillips, et al., Beat Culture and the New America: 1950-1965 (New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1995), pages 12, 13.
39 “politicians looking ...” Phillips, et al., Beat Culture and the New America, page 13.
40 Lisa Phillips, “Beat Culture: America Revisioned,” Phillips, et al., Beat Culture and the New America, pages 23-40. All quotations from Lisa Phillips are from this essay.
42 “I don’t know exactly...” Norman Podhoretz, “At War With Allen Ginsberg,” Ex-Friends: Falling Out With Allen Ginsberg, Lionel and Diana Trilling, Lillian Hellman, Hannah Arendt, and Norman Mailer (New York: The Free Press, 1999), page 54.
42 “in later life ...” Podhoretz, Ex-Friends, page 31.
43 “one of America’s most celebrated ...” Wilborn Hampton, “Allen Ginsberg, 70, Master Poet of Beat Generation,” The New York Times, April 6, 1997, page I.
43 “PBS television documentary ...” “The Life and Times of Allen Ginsberg,” directed by Jerry Aronson, aired in September 1997 as part of the PBS American Masters series.
43 “great gifts ...” Helen Vendler, “Two Poets,” Harvard Magazine, September-October 1997, pages 62-66. The other poet Vendler discusses, incidentally, is Shakespeare.
43 “Bill was never keen ...” Barry Miles, William Burroughs: El Hombre Invisible (London: Virgin, 1992), page 13.
43 “Addict, killer, pederast...” David Ulin, “William S. Burroughs, 1914-1997” The Village Voice, August 12,1997, page 51.
43 “a sweet, funny, and lonely man ...” Legs McNeil, “Mouse Hunting,” New York, August 18,1997, page 14.
44 “a seminal figure ...” Tony Perry, “Beat Icon William S. Burroughs Dies at 83,” Los Angeles Times, August 8,1997, page A I.
44 “experimenting with drugs ...” Richard Sevro, “William S. Burroughs Dies at 83;” The New York Times, August 3,1997, page B 5.
45 “honored him with ...” Jack Kerouac, The Portable Jack Kerouac, edited by Ann Charters (New York: Viking, 1995).
45 “edition of his letters ...” Jack Kerouac, Selected Letters: 1940-1956, edited by Ann Charters (New York: Viking, 1995).
45 “sort of church ...” David Streitfeld, “William Burroughs: Shooting Star,” The Washington Post, August 4, 1997, page C I.
47 “disaster-area ..” David Stove, “A Farewell to Arts: Marxism, Semiotics, and Feminism;’ Cricket versus Republicanism and Other Essays, edited by James Franklin and R. J. Stove (Sydney: Quakers Hill Press, 1995), page 14.
47 “Bill’s sixteenth birthday ...” Miles, William Burroughs, page 25.
48 “Bill continued ...” Miles, William Burroughs, page 37.
48 “$200 a month ...” Miles, William Burroughs, page 40.
50 “LAG IN PROCEDURE...” Kerouac, The Portable Jack Kerouac, pages 484-5.
50 “We drove to Terry’s...” Jack Kerouac, On the Road (New York: Penguin, 1991), page 98.
52 “Whom bomb...” Allen Ginsberg, Collected Poems: 1947-1980 (New York: Harper & Row, 1984), page 568.
52 “Come on go down...” Ginsberg, Collected Poems, page 613.
54 “heartless nonsense...” Podhoretz, Ex-Friends, page 37.
54 “shared a passionate desire...” Miles, William Burroughs, page 38.
54 “an illusion...” Harvey Mansfield, “The Legacy of the Sixties,” Reassessing the Sixties: Debating the Political and Cultural Legacy) edited by Stephen Macedo (New York: Norton, 1997), pages 31, 32.
55 “Allen, completely naked...” Michael Schumacher, Dharma Lion: A Biography of Allen Ginsberg (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992), pages 345, 347.
55 “reemergence in the twentieth...” Lee Bartlett, editor, The Beats: Essays in Criticism (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1981), page 181.
56 “I’m violently anti-Christian ...” Miles, William Burroughs, page 91.
56 “take a tip...” Miles, William Burroughs, page 119.
56 “I think love...” Miles, William Burroughs, page 123.
56 “exterminate all the women...” Miles, William Burroughs, page 119.
57 “Bill opened his travel bag...” Miles, William Burroughs, page 48.
57 “a lifelong struggle...” Miles, William Burroughs, page 48.
57 “A horde of...” William S. Burroughs, Naked Lunch (New York: Grove Press, 1990; orig. pub. 1959), page 75.
58 Burroughs, Naked Lunch, pages 69-70.
58 “the sex and sadism...” Bartlett, The Beats, page 31.
58 “a religious writer...” Burroughs, Naked Lunch, page xvii.
58 “like a classical satirist...” Mary McCarthy, “Burroughs’ Naked Lunch;’ The Writing on the Wall and Other Literary Essays (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1970), page 50.
59 “liberated them...” Norman Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenavians and Mystical Anarchists of the Middle Ages (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970, orig. pub. 1957), pages 150, 151.
59 “It was a world...” Podhoretz, Ex-Friends, page 34.
60 “its flight...” Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, translated by Norman Kemp Smith (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1965), page 47.
60 “short spasms...” Walter Bagehot, Physics and Politics: Or, Thoughts on the Application of the Principles of “Natural Selection” and “Inheritance” to Political Society, edited by Roger Kimball (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1999), page 102.
60 “We’ll get you...” Podhoretz, Ex-Friends, page 40.
Chapter 2: Norman Mailer’s American Dream
61 “worship of juvenile values...” Alain Finkielkraut, The Undoing of Thought, translated by Dennis O‘Keeffe (London: The Claridge Press, 1988), page 128.
62 “perpetual enfant terrible...” The best biography of Mailer is Carl Rollyson, The Lives of Norman Mailer: A Biography (New York: Paragon House, 1991). Mailer: A Biography by Mary V Dearborn (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1999) brings the story up to the present but adds little that is essential.
62 “a nice Jewish boy...” Richard Poirier, Norman Mailer (New York: The Viking Press, 1972), page 18.
62 “Mailer would spend...” Norman Podhoretz, “A Foul Weather Friend to Norman Mailer,” Ex-Friends: Falling Out With Allen Ginsberg, Lionel and Diana Trilling, Lillian Hellman, Hannah Arendt, and Norman Mailer (New York: The Free Press, 1999), page 190.
62 “big sacrifice...” Rollyson, Norman Mailer, page 13.
63 “a stopover at Marx...” Diana Trilling, “The Radical Moralism of Norman Mailer,” Norman Mailer: A Collection of Critical Essays, Leo Braudy, editor (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1972), pages 65, 64.
63 “mate the absurd...” Norman Mailer, “Advertisement for ‘The Homosexual Villain,’ ” Advertisements for Myself (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992, orig. pub. 1959), page 221.
64. “first royalty check...” James Wood, “Mailer: A New Biography Captures This Vexing Creature,” The New York Observer, December 6, 1999, page I.
64 “there is no doubt...” Philip D. Beidler, Scriptures for a Generation: What We Were Reading in the ’60s (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1994.), page 133.
65 “Mailer has opened...” Richard Gilman, “What Mailer Has Done;’ Braudy, Norman Mailer, page 160.
65 “Mailer has won...” Nat Hentoff, jacket copy for The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel, The Novel as History (New York: Signet, 1968).
66 “I wonder...” Peter Manso, Mailer, His Life and Times (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985), pages 462-463.
66 Mailer, Armies, page 58.
67 Norman Mailer, An American Dream, page 269.
67 “jousting tournaments ...” Podhoretz, Ex-Friends, page 213.
68 “God, I wish...” Rollyson, Norman Mailer, page xvii.
68 “Among ‘uptown intellectuals’...” Manso, Mailer, page 327.
68 “Artists get away...” Dawn Powell, The Golden Spur (New York: Vintage, 1990, orig. pub. 1962), page 18.
69 “infinitely more pretentious ...” Stanley Edgar Hyman, ”Norman Mailer’s Yummy Rump,” Braudy, Norman Mailer, page 104.
69 “I have a slight...” Quoted in Wood, “Mailer: A New Biography,” page 1.
70 “Let me tell you again...” Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings (Boston: Little, Brown, 1983), page 66.
70 “Even in the first...” Mailer, Evenings, page 390.
71 John Simon, “Mailer’s Mystic Marriage,” The Sheep From the Goats: Selected Literary Essays (New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989), page 4.
71 “she was good...” Clive James, “Mailer’s Marilyn,” At the Pillars of Hercules (London: Faber & Faber, 1979), page 204.
71 “a ‘superb’ actress...” Simon, Sheep, page 5.
71 “she had learned...” Norman Mailer, Marilyn: A Biography (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1973), page 43.
72 “it is a rule...” Mailer, Marilyn, page 54.
72 “it is a sign...” Joseph Epstein, “Mailer Hits Bottom,” Plausible Prejudices: Essays on American Writing (New York: W W Norton, 1985), page 204.
72 Mailer, Advertisements, page 492.
72 “the power of...” Norman Mailer, The Prisoner of Sex (Boston: Little, Brown, 1971), page 212.
73 “This 6th note...” Elizabeth Hardwick, “The Sixth Vice Presidential Note;’ quoted in Philip Nobile, Intellectual Skywriting: Literary Politics and “The New York Review of Books” (New York: Charterhouse, 1974), page 202.
73 “the only revolution ...” Mailer, “A Public Notice on Waiting for Godot,” Advertisements, page 325.
74 “a man is...” Norman Mailer, “Papa & Son,” Pieces and Pontifications (Boston: Little, Brown, 1982), page 93.
74 “the American...” Mailer, Advertisements, page 339.
74 “to be an existentialist....” Mailer, Advertisements, page 341.
74 “we find ourselves...” Mailer, Pontifications, page 84.
75 “I think when...” Mailer, Pontifications, page 101.
75 “a minor artist...” Mailer, Advertisernents, page 325.
76 “another major...” Rollyson, Norman Mailer, page 287.
76 “an intellectual...” Norman Mailer, Introduction to Jack Henry Abbott, In the Belly of the Beast: Letters From Prison (New York: Random House, 1981), page xi.
77 “I’m willing...” Rollyson, Mailer, page 315.
77 “the totalitarian tissues...” This and all quotations in the following two paragraphs are from Mailer, “The White Negro: Superficial Reflections on the Hipster,” Advertisements, pages 337-358.
79 “the seminal manifesto ...” David Horowitz, Radical Son: A Journey Through Our Times (New York: The Free Press, 1997), pages 385, 386.
80 “one of the key men...” Epstein, “Mailer Hits Bottom,” page 191.
80 “settle for nothing less...” Mailer, Advertisements, page 341.
Chapter 3: Susan Sontag & the New Sensibility
82 “perhaps the foremost...” Susan Sontag, “Some Thoughts on the Right Way (for us) to Love the Cuban Revolution,” Ramparts, April 1969, page 6.
82 “whatever bears... ,” “Poetry,...” Matthew Arnold, “Wordsworth,” The Portable Matthew Arnold, edited by Lionel Trilling (New York: Viking, 1949), pages 342, 343.
82 “a disinterested endeavour...” Arnold, “The Function of Criticism,” Portable Arnold, page 265.
83 “only a piece...” John Simon, Partisan Review, Winter 1965, page 157.
83 “in place of a hermeneutics ... ,” “to dethrone the serious...,” “... the Matthew Arnold notion of culture...” Susan Sontag Against Interpretation and Other Essays (New York: Dell, 1966), scriatim, pages 14, 288, 299.
84 “reactionary, impertinent...” Sontag, Interpretation, page 7.
84 “He was standing...” Sohnya Sayres, Susan Sontag: The Elegiac Modernist (New York: Routledge, 1990), page 27.
84 “You know, I think...” Leland Poague, editor, Conversations with Susan Sontag (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995), page 115.
86 “The satisfactions of Paradise Lost...” Sontag, Interpretation, page 22.
86 “a critic whose ... ,” “Has silence or...” Marvin Mudrick, “Susie Creamcheese Makes Love Not War,” Harper’s, February 1983, pages 64, 63.
87 “in black trousers...” Poague, Conversations, page ix.
87 “Norman Podhoretz suggested...” Norman Podhoretz, Making It (New York: Harper & Row, 1967), pages 154-155.
87 “I believe that...” Sayres, Elegiac Modernist, page 25.
88 “a couple of women...” and other quotations about Flaming Creatures, Sontag, Interpretation, pages 226-229.
89 “nothing succeeds better...” John Simon, “From Sensibility Toward Sense,” The Sheep From the Goats: Selected Literary Essays (New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989), page 24.
89 “Camp is...” and other quotations about camp, Sontag, Interpretation, seriatim, pages 287, 290, 292.
90 “O is an adept...” Susan Sontag, “The Pornographic Imagination,” Styles of Radical Will (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969), page 55.
90 “the traumatic failure...” Sontag, Styles, page 70.
91 “not everyone...” (Sontag, Styles, pages 71-72.
92 “Nietzsche was a...” “Writing Itself: On Roland Barthes,” Sontag, Reader, page 441.
92 “the AIDS epidemic ... ,” “risk-free sexuality ...” Susan Sontag, AIDS and its Metaphors (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1989) page 62, 77.
92 “if art is understood ...” Sontag, Interpretation, page 303.
92 “Dearest M...” Susan Sontag, I, etcetera (New York: Anchor Books, 1991, orig. pub. 1978), page 25.
93 “acclaimed beyond...” (Sontag, “Camus’ Notebooks” Interpretation, page 53.
93 “The task of the writer...” Quoted in Paul Hollander, Anti-Ameticanism: Irrational & Rational (New Brunswick: Transaction, 1995, orig. pub. 1992), page 63.
94 Quotations about the Cuban revolution are from Sontag, “Some Thoughts on the Right Way (for us) to Love the Cuban Revolution” Ramparts, April 1969, pages 6-19.
95 “Hollander quotes...” Paul Hollander, Political Pilgrims: Western Intellectuals in Search of the Good Society, fourth edition (New Brunswick: Transaction, 1998), pages 266-267.
95 “aren’t good enough haters...” (Sontag, “Trip to Hanoi,” Styles, page 231.
96 “They genuinely care...” (Sontag, “Trip to Hanoi,” Styles, page 258.
96 “in many respects...” Sontag, “Trip to Hanoi,” Styles, page 259.
96 “The Vietnamese are...” Sontag, “Trip to Hanoi,” Styles, page 263.
96 “A small nation...” Quoted in Hollander, Anti-Americanism, page 67.
97 “deserves... ,” “the truth is that Mozart...” Sontag, “What’s Happening in America (1966),” Styles, pages 195, 203.
97 “Imagine, if you will, ...” A version of Sontag’s comments was reprinted in The Nation, February 27, 1982, pages 229-231, from which these quotations are taken.
98 “transcend the categories ...” Sontag, Interpretation, page 26.
98 “negates the possibility ...” Sontag, “Fascinating Fascism,” Reader, page 308.
98 “tourists of reality” Susan Sontag, On Photography (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1977), page no.
98 “perils of over-generalizing...” Sontag, Reader, page 61.
98 “it is not that Sontag...” Hilton Kramer, “Susan Sontag: The Pasionaria of Style,” The Twilight of the Intellectuals: Culture and Politics in the Era of the Cold War (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1999), page 229.
98 “the relation between boredom...” Sontag, “Notes on ‘Camp’,” Interpretation, page 289.
99 “one important consequence...” Sontag, “One Culture and the New Sensibility,” Interpretation, page 303.
Chapter 4: The Liberal Capitulation
102 “the Matthew Arnold...” Susan Sontag Against Interpretation and Other Essays (New York: Dell, 1966), page 299.
102 “the totalitarian tissues...” Norman Mailer, “The White Negro: Superficial Reflections on the Hipster,” Advertisements for Myself (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992, orig. pub. 1959), pages 337-358.
103 “Rock, grass, better...” Susan Sontag, “Some Thoughts on the Right Way (for us) to Love the Cuban Revolution,” Ramparts, April 1969, page 6.
103 “from the first...” John Silber, “Poisoning the Wells of Academe,” Encounter, August, 1974, page 30.
104 “After the Vietnam War...” Quoted in Dinesh D‘Souza, Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus (New York: The Free Press, 1991), page 18.
106 “Those of us who watched ...” Nathan Glazer “What Happened at Berkeley.” This essay was first published in Commentary in February 1965. I have cited the reprinted version that appears in The Berkeley Student Revolt: Facts and Interpretations, a collection edited by Seymour Martin Lipset and Sheldon S. Wolin (New York: Doubleday, 1965), page 286.
107 “the student demand .. Lipset and Wolin, The Berkeley Student Revolt, page 301.
107 “racial injustice ...” Quoted in Lipset and Wolin, The Berkeley Student Revolt, page 217.
107 “politics and education ... ;” “main purpose ...” Lipset and Wolin, The Berkeley Student Revolt, pages 211, 214.
107 “excessive greed ...” Lipset and Wolin, The Berkeley Student Revolt, page 215.
108 “A high incidence ...” Lipset and Wolin, The Berkeley Student Revolt, page 9.
108 Silber, “Poisoning the Wells,” page 34.
108 Silber, “Poisoning the Wells,” page 38.
109 Kennan’s essay, first delivered as a speech at Swarthmore College, was published in The New York Times Magazine on January 21, 1968, where it generated enormous controversy It was reprinted, with thirty-odd responses, as Democracy and the Student Left (Boston: Little, Brown, 1968).
109 “There is an ideal ...” George F. Kennan, et al., Democracy and the Student Left, page 3.
109 Kennan, Democracy and the Student Left, page 7.
110 “the human being ...” Kennan, Democracy and the Student Left, pages 10, 11.
110 “There is ...” Kennan, Democracy and the Student Left, pages 13, 14.
111 “a revolution in the name ...” quoted in Jerry L. Avorn, et al., Up Against the Ivy Wall: A History of the Columbia Crisis, (New York: Atheneum, 1969), page 281.
111 “deplorable custom ...” “Harvard and Beyond: The University Under Siege,” Time, April 18, 1969, page 47.
111 “was established ...” Silber, “Poisoning the Wells,” page 32.
112 “the liberal president ...” “It Can’t Happen Here—Can It?,” Newsweek, May 5, 1969, page 27.
112 “no one personified ...” Donald Alexander Downs, Cornell ’69: Liberalism and the Crisis of the American University (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999), page 6.
112 “175 points ...” Walter Berns, “The Assault on the Universities: Then and Now,” Reassessing the Sixties: Debating the Political and Cultural Legacy, edited by Stephen Macedo (New York: Norton, 1997), page 158.
113 “create the tools...” Berns, “The Assault on the Universities,” page 158.
113 “There is nothing ...” Berns, “The Assault on the Universities,” page 158.
114 “quickly became an assault ...” Berns, “The Assault on the Universities,” page 161.
114 “You better ...” “The Bitter Spring of 1969,” The Cornell Daily Sun, , April 19,1979 page 17.
115 “if any more whites ...” “The Bitter Spring,” page 21.
115 “when black students ...” Allan Bloom, “The Democratization of the University,” Giants and Dwarfs: Essays 1960-1990 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), page 368.
115 “the resemblance ...” Quoted in Homer Bigart, “Faculty Revolt Upsets Cornell,” The New York Times, April 25, 1969, page 30.
116 “complete capitulation ...” “The Bitter Spring,” page 23.
116 “The presence of arms ...” “The Bitter Spring,” page 25.
116 “Cornell has three hours...” “The Bitter Spring,” page 25.
117 “if we had a good reason ...” James John as quoted in Charles S. Williams, “Some Professors Fight Back,” Cornell Alumni News, June 1969, page 27.
117 “I don’t need to be intimidated” “The Bitter Spring,” page 26.
117 “That decision was ...” “The Bitter Spring;” page 26.
118 “one of the most positive .. ” “It Can’t Happen Here—Can It?,” Newsweek, May 5, 1969 page 30.
118 “pompous teachers ...” Quoted in Berns, “The Assault on the Universities,” page 160.
119 “By surrendering ...” Berns, “The Assault on the Universities,” page 163.
119 “the Cornell crisis ...” Downs, Cornell ’69, page 19.
121 “Hillary was not ...” David Brock,
The Seduction of Hillary Rodham (New York: The Free Press, 1996), page 31. For additional details, see “Hillary for the Defense,” by John McCaslin,
The Washington Times, June 12, 1998. This story is available online at
http://www.offdLity.org/html/politics/communist.html.
121 “one of the biggest pig ... ,” “Basically, what we ...” John Taft, Mayday at Yale: A Case Study in Student Radicalism (Boulder: Westview, 1976), page 19. Where I have “either” the text has “even,” which I take to be a misprint.
122 “There’s no reason ... ,” “Why don’t we ...,” “Do you know ...” Taft, Mayday, seriatim, pages 36, 68, 69-70.
122 “white oppressors ... ,” “legally right but ...” Taft, Mayday, page 31.
123 “three full professors ... ,” “it would not be proper ... ,” “Iam skeptical ...” Taft, Mayday, seriatim pages 32, 37, 87.
123 “thunderous applause ...” Taft, Mayday, page 87.
123 “suspension of normal ...” Taft, Mayday, page 92.
123 “A compromise was absurd ...” Taft, Mayday, page 93.
124 “voted overwhelmingly ...” Taft, Mayday, pages 96-7.
124 “Those students ...” Quoted in Taft, Mayday, page 102
125 “The violation of law ...” Kennan, Democracy and the Student Left, page 18.
126 “Where authority abdicates ...” Edward Shils, “Dreams of Plenitude, Nightmares of Scarcity,” The Order of Learning: Essays on the Contemporary University, edited by Philip G. Altbach (New Brunswick: Transaction, 1997), page 215.
126 “the liberal university ...” Bloom, Giants, page 387.
Chapter 5: The Politics of Delegitimation
127 “the decisive feature ...” Roger Scruton, The Philosopher on Dover Beach: Essays (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990), page 203.
128 “Utopians ...” Leszek Kolakowski, “The Death of Utopia Reconsidered” Modernity on Endless Trial (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), page 139.
128 “to be a revolutionary ...” Quoted by Morris I. Liebman, William Sloane Coffin, Jr., and Morris I. Liebman, Civil Disobedience: Aid or Hindrance to Justice? (Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1972), page 22.
129 “uncovered, but did not create ...” Michael Lind, Vietnam: The Necessary War. A Reinterpretation of Amefica’s Most Disastrous Military Conflict (New York: The Free Press, 1999), page 215.
129 “Vietnam offered ... ,” “If there had ... ,” “more a catalyst ...” Paul Hollander, Political Pilgrims: Western Intellectuals in Search of the Good Society, fourth edition (New Brunswick: Transaction, 1998), page 198.
130 “the frivolous elevation ...” David Stove, Anything Goes: Origins of the Cult of Scientific Irrationalism (Sydney: Macleay Press, 1998), page 185.
130 “institutions of higher ...” Paul Hollander, Anti-Americanism: Irrational & Rational (New Brunswick: Transaction, 1995, orig. pub. 1992), page 149. 1
33 “shamelessly bypass[ing] ... ,” “as much of God as ... ,” “National security ...” William Sloane Coffin, Jr., Once to Every Man (New York: Atheneum, 1977), seriatim, pages 80, 89, 113.
133 “a form of moral jiu-jitsu ...” Charles Evans Whittaker and William Sloane Coffin, Jr., Law, Order, and Civil Disobedience (Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1967), page 39.
133 “If we are to ...” Coffin and Liebman, Civil Disobedience, page 4-.
133 “a very special feeling ...” Coffin, Once to Every Man, page 316.
134 “legally right but ... ,” “To those who say ...” Quoted in John Taft, Mayday at Yale: A Case Study in Student Radicalism (Boulder: Westview, 1976), page 31.
134 “his best to guarantee ...” Quoted in Taft, Mayday, pages 31-32.
134 “the universal conscience ...” Coffin and Liebman, Civil Disobedience, page
135 “in democratic societies ...” Coffin and Liebman, Civil Disobedience, page 12.
135 “the day that men ...” Coffin and Liebman, Civil Disobedience, page 21.
135 “The advocates of civil disobedience ...” Coffin and Liebman, Civil Disobedience, page 21.
136 “‘liberal’ but not ‛reactionary’ ...” Zinn as quoted in Coffin and Liebman, Civil Disobedience, page 22.
136 “Liberating tolerance ...” Herbert Marcuse, “Repressive Tolerance,” A Critique of Pure Tolerance, Robert Paul Wolff, et al. (Boston: Beacon Press, 1965), page 109
137 “had become a holy man ...” Murray Polner and Jim O’Grady, Disarmed and Dangerous: The Radical Lives and Times of Daniel and Philip Berrigan (New York: Basic Books, 1997), page 350.
138 “are small but purified ...” Quoted in Francine du Plessix Gray, Divine Disobedience: Profiles In Catholic Radicalism (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970), page 77.
138 “moral fundamentalism ...” Gray, Divine Disobedience, page 79.
138 “one had to go to jail ...” Daniel Berrigan, Night Flight to Hanoi: War Diary with II Poems (New York: Macmillan, 1968), page xiii.
138 “I have a great fear ...” Quoted in Hollander, Anti-Americanism, page 87.
139 “the American ghetto ...” Daniel Berrigan, Night Flight, page xiv.
139 “here we begin to understand ...” Hayden quoted in Paul Hollander, Political Pilgrims, page 273.
139 “Our apologies ...” Daniel Berrigan, Night Flight, page xvi.
140 “anyone who works for the draft board ...” Quoted in Walter Berns, “The Assault on the Universities: Then and Now,” Reassessing the Sixties: Debating the Political and Cultural Legacy, edited by Stephen Macedo (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), page 181.
140 “the time has arrived ...” Daniel Berrigan S.J., “Letter from the Underground,” The New York Review of Books, August 30, 1970, pages 34, 35.
141 “the biography of the white Westerner ...” Daniel Berrigan, Night Flight, page 27.
141 “like stepping out upon the threshold ...” Daniel Berrigan, Night Flight, page 40.
142 “They seemed eager ...” Daniel Berrigan, Night Flight, pages 86-87.
142 “Six of them entered ...” Polner and O’Grady, Disarmed and Dangerous, page 346.
142 “a small but stubborn ...” Polner and O‘Grady, Disarmed and Dangerous, page 347.
143 “of course [Daniel Berrigan] violated ...” Daniel Berrigan, Night Flight, page xii.
143 “in a society where ...” Montesquieu, Book 11, Chapter 3, “What Liberty Is,” The Spirit of the Laws, translated by Anne M. Cohler, et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), page 155.
143 “The violation of law ...” Georg F. Kennan, et al., Democracy and the Student Left (Boston: Little, Brown, 1968), page 18.
144 “It seems to me ...” Kennan, et al., Democracy and the Student Left, page 167.
144 “Men are qualified ...” Quoted in John Silber, “Poisoning the Wells of Academe,” Encounter, August, 1974, page 30.
Chapter 6: The Marriage of Marx & Freud
146 “to make the anatomical ...” Lionel Trilling, “The Kinsey Report,” The Liberal Imagination: Essays on Literature and Society (New York: Scribner’s, 1950), page 233.
146 “a moral revolutionary ...” Joseph Epstein, “The Secret Life of Alfred Kinsey,” Commentary, January 1998, page 39.
147 “‛Sexual liberation’ is ...” Irving Kristol, “Countercultures,” Neo-Consevwatisrn: Selected Essays 1949-1995 (New York: The Free Press, 1995), pages 141-142.
148 “with the vague sense ...” David Allyn, Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution: An Unfettered History (Boston: Little Brown, 2000), page 3.
148 “For all its fauts ...” Allyn, Make Love, Not War, page 293.
148 “in the late seventies ...” Allyn, Make Love, Not War, page 5.
149 “defining new possibilities ...” Allyn, Make Love, Not War, page 233
149 “smash monogamy ...” Allyn, Make Love, Not War, page 220.
149 “Sexual intercourse began ...” Philip Larkin, “Annus Mirabilis,” Colledecl Poems (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1988), page 167.
149 “For all its faults ...” Allyn, Make Love, Not War, page 300.
149 “the price of ...” Rochelle Gurstein, The Repeal of Reticence: A History of America’s Cultural and Legal Struggles Over Free Speech, Obscenity, Sexual Liberation, and Modern Art (New York: Hill and Wang, 1996), page 52.
150 “The more people ...” Gurstein, The Repeal of Reticence, page 112
151 “‘How,’ he asked ...” Jerry Rubin, Do It! Scenarios of the Revolution (New York: Ballantine Books, 1970), page 111.
152 “his work ...” Hal Cohen, “A Secret History of the Sexual Revolution: The Repression of Willielm Reich,” Lingua Franca, March 1999, page 30.
152 “the sexual question ... ,” “a satisfactory genital sex life ...,” “... sex was everything.” Richard King, The Party of Eros: Radical Social Thought and the Realm of Freedom (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972), seriatim, pages 69, 66, 51.
153 “he watched his tutor ...” Hal Cohen, “A Secret History of the Sexual Revolution,” page 25.
153 “It’s color ...,” “... present everywhere,” “it charges living tissue ...” Wilhelm Reich, Selectecl Writings: An Introduction to Orgonomy (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1979), seriatim, pages 219, 198 237.
154 “Our orgone therapy experiments ...” Reich, Selectecl Writings, pages 233, 234-5-
154 “boxes ranged from ...” Hal Cohen, “A Secret History of the Sexual Revolution,” pages 28, 31.
155 “not into the ground ...” Reich, Selected Writings, pages 435, 444.
153 “If I were ever to look ...” Norman Mailer, Advertisements For Myself (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992, orig. pub. 1959), page 301.
153 “have been assigned ...” Mildred Edie Brady, “The Strange Case of Wilhelm Reich,” The New Republic, May 26, 1947, page 20.
155 “Brady believes ...” Quoted in Hal Cohen, “A Secret History of the Sexual Revolution,” pages 29-30.
156 “the ultimate regulator ...” Howard J. Chavis, M.D., Letter to the Editor, The New Criterion, March 1998, pages 79-80.
156 “an illicit, forced...” Harvey Mansfield, “The Legacy of the Late Sixties,” Reassessing the Sixties: Debating the Political and Cultural Legacy, edited by Stephen Macedo (New York: W W Norton, 1997), page 24.
157 “sought to combine...” King, The Party of Eros, page 50.
157 “we knew that...” Morris Dickstein, Gates of Eden: American Culture in the Sixties (New York: Basic Books, 1977), pages 70, 81.
158 “the very incarnation ...” Norman Podhoretz, Making It (New York: Harper & Row, 1967), page 297.
159 “masterwork ...,” “Like Allen Ginsberg...” Dickstein, Gates, pages 77, 75.
159 “pathetically...” Kingsley Widmer, Paul Goodman (Boston: Twayne, 1980), page 106.
160 “My purpose...” Paul Goodman, Growing Up Absurd: Problems of Youth in the Organized System (New York: Random House, 1960), page 14.
160 “Is it possible...,” “the young men who conform...” Goodman, Growing UpAbsurd, pages 133, 13
161 “a man is a tool...,”“pacific, artistic...”“the kind of sex...” Goodman, Growing Up Absurd, seriatim, pages ix, 165, 185.
161 “reveal a man...”King, The Party of Eros, page 81.
161 “I distrust women...”Paul Goodman, Five Years (New York, Brussel & Brussel, 1966), page 8.
161 “There have been...”Goodman, Five Years, page 247.
161 “The gonad theory...”King, The Party of Eros, page 84.
161 “the good society...”Joseph Epstein, “Paul Goodman in Retrospect;” Commentary, February 1978, page 73.
162 “My own view...” Commentary April 1978, page 13.
162 “intrinsic connection ...,” “demands a union...” Norman O. Brown, Life Against Death: The Psychoanalytic Meaning of History, second edition (Hanover: Wesleyan, 1985, orig. pub. 1959) pages 10,307.
162 “I can recall no...”Dickstein, Gates, page 81.
163 “end of its tether ...” Norman O. Brown, “Apocalypse: The Place of Mystery in the Life of the Mind,” Harper’s,May 1961, pages 46-49.
163 “neurosis...,” “all sublimations ...,” “thy compulsion to work ...,” “all thinking...,” “The work of constructing...” Brown, Life Against Death, sericatim, pages 19, 128, 237-238, 163, 176.
164 “We may therefore...” Brown, Life Against Death, page 321.
164 “Freud presented...” John Passmore, “Paradise Now: The Logic of the New Mysticism,” Encounter, February 1970, page 4.
164 “The unconscious... ,” Norman O. Brown, Love’s Body (New York: Random House, 1966), pages 217, 63.
165 “subversive of civilization...” Brown, Life Against Death, page 63.
165 “quantifying rationality,” “nonmorbid science...” Brown, Life Against Death, page 236.
167 “the gradual undermining...” Herbert Marcuse, Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966, orig. pub. 1956), page xxiv.
168 “the horrors...,” “the fall...” Herbert Marcuse, Counterrevolution and Revolt (Boston: Beacon Press, 1972), pages 1, 2.
168 “Love Mystified: A Critique of Norman O. Brown;” together with Brown’s response, appears in Herbert Marcuse, Negations: Essays in Critical Theory (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968), pages 227-247.
168 “the body in its entirety...,”“protests against...,” “the redemption of pleasure...” Marcuse, Eros and Civilization, seriatim, pages 201,171, 164.
169 “This change...,” “The brute fact...,” “the instinctual value...” Marcuse, Eros and Civilization, seriatim, pages 201, 231, 235.
169 “the necessity of death...”Marcuse, Eros and Civilization, page 237.
170 “Under the rule...,” “a rising standard...” Herbert Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society (Boston: Beacon Press, 1964), pages 7, 49.
170 “Liberating tolerance...” Herbert Marcuse, “Repressive Tolerance,” A Critique of Pure Tolerance, Robert Paul Wolff, et al. (Boston: Beacon Press, 1965), page 109.
171 “more representation ...,” “extreme suspension ...” Herbert Marcuse, “Repressive Tolerance,” pages 109-111.
171 “depends on...” Leszek Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. III, The Breakdown (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978), page 418.
172 “ideas are all-important...” Kristol, Neo-Conservatism, page 198.
172 “the dissipation ...” Roger Scruton, Sexual Desire: A Moral Philosophy of the Erotic (New York: The Free Press, 1986), page 347.
Chapter 7: The Greening of America
175 “the culture’s infatuation ...” Midge Decter, “Rome Burns,” The Wall Street Journal, July 30, 1999, page W 15.
177 “... a life of surfing...” This and other quotations in this extract are from Charles A. Reich, The Greening of America, (New York: Random House, 1970), seriatim, pages 219, 348, 240, 100, 136.
177 “ ‘Oh, wow!’...” Reich, Greening, page 263.
177 “benefits ...” Thomas Mallon, “Charles Reich’s Con Job,” The American Spectator, October 1990, page 38.
177 “The New Yorker...” The Greening of America was excerpted in The New Yorker, September 26, 1970, pages 42-6o.
178 Among the pieces on Reich in The New York Times were Op-Eds by Galbraith (October 26,1970), Kennan (October 28), and Marcuse (November 6); The Greening of America was reviewed in the daily Times by Christopher Lehmann-Haupt on October 22,1970, and in the Sunday Book Review on November 8.
178 “the genuine strengths ...” Peter Caws, “Stage v and Con III,” The New Republic, November 14,1970, page 21.
179 “Since machines...” Reich, Greening, pages 352, 376.
179 Roger Starr, “The Counter-Culture and Its Apologists: 2;” Commentary, December 1970, pages 46-54.
179 “the communal we...” L. E. Sissman, “I-Less in Gaza,” The Atlantic Monthly, June 1971, page 30.
179 “a bag...” Stuart Alsop, “A Bag of Scary Mush;” Newsweek, November 9, 1970, page 102.
180 “There is a revolution coming...” Reich, Greening, page 4.
181 “... anti-community.” Reich, Greening, page 8.
181 “vast apparatus ...” Reich, Greening, page 253.
181 “work and living...” Reich, Greening, page 8.
182 “the majority ...,” “beginning with school...” Reich, Greening, pages 274, 9.
183 “farmers, owners...” Reich, Greening, pages 25-6.
183 “inhuman structure...,” “aircraft employees..., ” “ethic of control...” Reich, Greening, seriatim, pages 58, 82, 83.
183 “has been persuaded...” Reich, Greening, page 85.
183 “It is not the misuse...” Reich, Greening, page 125.
184 “a few individuals...,” “Authority, schedules...”Reich, Greening, pages 217,362.
184 “antagonistic or ...,” “I’m glad...” Reich, Greening, pages 226, 219.
185 “One of the few...,” “conversions;” “In a brief span...” Reich,, Greening, seriatim, pages 388, 222, 224.
186 “The most constant presence...” Charles Reich, The Sorcerer of Bolinas Reef (New York: Random House, 1976), pages 68-69.
186 “What the new generation...” Reich, Greening, page 252.
187 “a higher, transcendent...” Reich, Greening, page 5.
187 “the hard questions ...” Reich, Greening, page 357.
187 “... restoring dulled consciousness;” “Beethoven seems...” Reich, Greening, pages 258, 246.
188 “Nothing is more singular...” Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today’s Students (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987), pages 68ff.
188 “farmers, owners of small...” Reich, Greening, page 226.
189 “Someone may...” Reich, Greening, pages 227-228.
189 “highly impressionistic ...,” “any and all experience ...,” “engage in actions...” Reich, Greening, seriatim, pages 17, 233, 257.
190 “deny the importance ... ;” “Bell bottoms...” Reich, Greening, pages 238, 311.
190 “see effortlessly...” Reich, Greening, page 261.
190 “He does not ‘know’...” Reich, Greening, page 261.
190 “... perfection so absolute...” Norman Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists of the Middle Ages (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970, orig. pub. 1957), pages 150-151
191 “totalitarian movements’...” Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973, orig. pub. 1951), page 336.
191 “are ‘whole’ human...” Susan Sontag, “Trip to Hanoi,” Styles of Radical Will (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969), page 263.
191 “The earnest...” Evelyn Waugh, Black Mischief (Boston: Little, Brown, 1932), page 195.
Chapter 8: The Project of Rejuvenilization
193 “promoter, apologist...” Theodore Roszak, The Making of a Counterculture: Reflections on the Technocratic Society and its Youthful Opposition (New York: Doubleday, 1969), page 164.
194 “one of the most...” Charles A. Reich, The Greening of America (New York: Random House, 1970), page 258.
194 “planned and scripted...,”“to satisfy a deep...,” “believers in capital...” Martin A. Lee and Bruce Shlain, Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond (New York: Grove Press, 1992, orig. pub. 1985), seriatim, pages xx, 294, XV.
195 “capable of rendering ...” Quoted in Timothy Leary, Flashbacks: A Personal and Cultural History ofan Era (New York: Putnam, 1990, orig. pub. 1983), page 391.
195 “On the basis of his claim... ,” “mystics on the spot...” Leary, Flashbacks, pages 116,117.
196 “I gave way to delight...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 32.
196 “the world was divided...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 342.
196 “the most shattering ...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 118.
196 “I have never recovered...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 119.
197 “it may become possible...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 373.
198 “with the expectation ...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 383.
198 “counterfeit infinity ...” Roszak, Making of a Counterculture, pages 155ff.
198 “the LSD trip...” Quoted in Philip D. Beidler, Scriptures for a Generation: What We Were Reading in the ’6os (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1994), page 132.
199 “your advertising...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 252.
199 “Laws are made...” Quoted in Beidler, Scriptures for a Generation, page 132.
199 “student of altered...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 46.
200 “the four of us...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 55.
200 “My eyes connected...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 113.
200 “Ever since my Easter Sunday...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 222.
201 “new age gospel...” Beidler, Scriptures for a Generation, page 35.
201 “the Judeo-Christian ...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 109.
207 “Drugs Are the Origin...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 91.
202 “euphoric downer...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 323.
202 “Training centers like ours...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 71.
203 “The bowl of pills...” Leary, Flashbacks, pages 85-86.
203 “I was at that time...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 113.
204 “During the thirteen...” Leary, Flashbacks, pages 39-40.
205 “For two years...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 177.
205 “After thirty minutes...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 108.
205 “The national headquarters ...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 160.
206 “jet-setters, celebrities ...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 190.
206 “I had become...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 260.
206 “We partied until...” Leary, Flashbacks, pages 263-4.
207 “to shoot a genocidal robot...” Shlain, Acid Dreams, page 265.
207 “a battle of egos ...” Shlain, Acid Dreams, page 267.
208 “I was ...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 10.
208 “quietly cooperated ...” “Timothy Leary Aided FBI, Records Show,” The New York Times, July 1,1999, page A 17.
208 “good behavior ..” Shlain, Acid Dreams, page 292.
208 “now permeate ...”Shlain, Acid Dreams, page xv.
209 “With the aid ..” Leary, Flashbacks, page 66.
209 Harvey Mansfield, “The Legacy of the Late Sixties,” Reassessing the Sixties: Debating the Political and Cultural Legacy, edited by Stephen Macedo (New York: W W Norton, 1997), pages 31-32.
210 “‘Pleasure; he candidly ...” Shlain, Acid Dreams, page 292.
210 “currently involved ...” Leary, Flashbacks, page 66.
Chapter 9: Eldridge Cleaver’s Serial Extremism
211 “Panthers are ...” Quoted in Martin A. Lee and Bruce Shlain, Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond (New York: Grove Press, 1992, orig. pub. 1985), page 267.
212 “They intimidated ...” Flashbacks: A Personal and Cultural History of an Era (New York: Putnam, 1990, orig. pub. 1983), page 305.
212 “nothing made ...” Todd Gitlin, The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage (New York: Bantam, 1987), page 348.
213 “The black movement itself ...” Tom Wolfe, Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1970), pages 8, 40.
214 “the fact remains ...” Horowitz, “Who Killed Betty Van Patter?”
214 “We are all ...” Jerry Rubin, Do It! Scenarios of the Revolution (New York: Ballantine Books, 1970), page 241.
214 “metamorphosed into ...” John Kifner, “Eldridge Cleaver, Black Panther Who Became G.O.P Conservative, Is Dead,” The New York Times, May 2,1998, pages B 8ff.
215 “If Eldridge Cleaver ...” Kifner, pages B 8ff.
277 “Desire for the white ... ,” “we shall have our ... ;” “let me drink ...” Eldridge Cleaver, Soul on Ice (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968), seriatim, pages 160, 61, 207.
277 “Cleaver is simply ...” Cleaver, Soul on Ice, page xii.
217 “I’d like to ...” Cleaver, Soul on Ice, page 19.
2I7 “grand, old-fashioned ...” Richard Gilman, “White Standards and Negro Writing,” The New Republic, March 9, 1968, page 28.
218 “Each half of ...” Cleaver, Soul on Ice, pages 177,178.
218 “the drama of ...” Norman Mailer, “The White Negro,” Advertisements for Myself (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992, orig. pub. 1959), page 347.
219 “Rape was an ... ” Cleaver, Soul on Ice, page 14.
219 “slit some .. Cleaver, Soul on Ice, page 14.
219 “could not approve ...” Cleaver, Soul on Ice, page 15.
219 “an extremist by nature ...” Cleaver, Soul on Ice, page 16.
219 “the style throughout ...” David Evanier, “Painting Black Cardboard Figures,” The New Leader, March 25, 1968, page 23.
219 “Original and disturbing ...” This and other reviews cited in this paragraph are collected in the article on Cleaver in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 30 (Detroit: Gale Research, 1973), pages 53-69.
279 “has a rare honesty ...” Jack Richardson, “The Black Arts,” The New York Review of Books, December 19, 1968, pages 12-13.
220 “unsparing ...” Quotations in this paragraph are from Gilman, “White Standards,” pages 25-30.
221 “they haven’t had ...”Interview with Nat Hentoff, Playboy, December 1968, pages 89-108, 238.
222 “I fell...” Cited in the article on Cleaver in Contemporary Authors: New Revision Series, Vol. 16 (Detroit: Gale Research, 1985), pages 64-66.
223 “Just as you didn’t ...” Myron Magnet, The Dream and the Nightmare: The Sixties’ Legacy to the Underclass (New York: William Morrow, 1993), page 18.
224 “in California alone...” Nina J. Easton, “America the Enemy,” Los Angeles Times Magazine, June 18, 1995, page 8.
224 “far from being peripheral ...” David Horowitz, Radical Son: A Journey Through Our Times (New York: The Free Press, 1997), page 385.
224 “perhaps the most ...” Susan Sontag, “Some Thoughts on the Right Way (for us) to Love the Cuban Revolution,” Ramparts, April 1969, page 6.
Chapter 10: A Nostalgia for Molotovs
226 “twenty-five people ...” David Horowitz, Radical Son: A Journey Thvough Our Times (New York: The Free Press, 1997), page 167.
226 “not in his juridical ...” Jason Epstein, “The Trial of Bobby Seale,” The New York Review of Books, December 4, 1969, page 35.
226 “metaphysically conceived .. Epstein, ”The Trial of Bobby Seale,” page 36.
227 “had been invited to ... ,” “barbecue some pork ...” Epstein, “The Trial of Bobby Seale,” page 35.
227 “If a pig comes ...” Quoted in Horowitz, Radical Son, page 167.
227 “make sure ...” Quoted in Horowitz, Radical Son, page 167.
228 “Sweet, bland ...” Elizabeth Hardwick, “The Decline of Book Reviewing,” Harper’s, October 1959, page 139.
229 “everybody talked ...” Philip Nobile, Intellectual Skywriting: Literary Politics and “The New York Review of Books” (New York: Charterhouse, 1974), page 18.
229 “the disappearance ...” Edmund Wilson, “Every Man His Own Eckermann,” The New York Review of Books, Summer 1963, page I.
229 Nobile, Intellectual Skywiiting, page III.
230 Nobile, Intellectual Skywriting, page III.
203 “designed to provoke ...” Paul Johnson, Modern Times: The World from the Twenties to the Nineties, revised edition (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), page 498.
230 “a competition of terror ...” Johnson, Modern Times, page 499.
230 “support Algerian fighters ...” Quoted in Annie Cohen-Solal, Sartre: A Life, translated by Anna Cancogni (New York: Pantheon, 1987), page 391.
231 “an interview with ’David Burg’ ...” Robert B. Silvers, “The Voice of a Dissenter: An Interview with a Graduate of Moscow University,” Harper’s, May 1961, pages 122-131.
231 “Silvers has disputed ...” Personal communication, dated September 10,1998.
233 “Partisan Review on butcher ...” Dennis H. Wrong, “The Case of ‘The New York Review, ’”Commentary, November 1970, page 49.
233 “as might be expected ...” Dwight Macdonald, The New York Review of Books, December 26, 1963, page 7.
234 “Negro in extvemis ... ,” “how The Fire ... F. W Dupee, “James Baldwin and the ‘Man,’” The New York Review of Books, Winter, 1963, pages 1, 2.
234 Tom Hayden, “The Occupation of Newark,” The New York Review of Books, August 24, 1967, page 24.
234 “the most hideous ...” Noam Chomsky, “On Resistance,” The New York Review of Books, December 7,1967, page 4.
235 “massive retaliation ...” Todd Gitlin, The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage (New York: Bantam, 1987), page 401.
236 “a link between campus ...” Quoted in Nobile, Intellectual Skywriting, page 4.
236 “by 1966.. Wrong, ”The Case of ‘The New York Review,’” page 52.
236 “from among [The New York Review‘s] authors...” Quoted in Nobile, Intellectual Skywriting, page 5.
236 “a literary proposition ...” Nobile, Intellectual Skywriting, page 4.
237 “I confess...” Mary McCarthy, “Report From Vietnam, I: The Home Program,” The New York Review of Books, April 20, 1967, Page 5.
237 “lips flexed as he spoke...” ,“sense of fair play ...” Mary McCarthy, “Report From Vietnam, II: The Problems of Success,” The New York Review of Books, May 4, 1967, page 4.
238 “socialism with a human face ...” Mary McCarthy quoted in Paul Hollander, Political Pilgrims: Western Intellectuals in Search of the Good Society, fourth edition (New Brunswick: Transaction, 1998), page xcv.
238 “organized anti-Communism ...” Jason Epstein, “The CIA and the Intellectuals,” The New York Review of Books, April 20, 1967, page 16.
238 “not only purged ...” Epstein, “The CIA and the Intellectuals,” page 17.
239 “The facts are clearer ...” Epstein, “The CIA and the Intellectuals,” page 18.
239 “pursuit of money ...” Epstein, “The CIA and the Intellectuals?” page 19.
240 “depending on how we respond ...” Diana Trilling quoted in Nobile, Intellectual Skywriting, page 45.
240 John McDermott, “Technology: The Opiate of the Intellectuals;’ The New York Review of Books, July 31,1969, page 35.
241 “We are stealing the youth ...” Jerry Rubin, “An Emergency Letter to My Brothers and Sisters in the Movement,” The New York Review of Books, February 13,1969, page 27.
241 “America’s courts .. Rubin, “An Emergency Letter,” page 27.
242 “a society infused with racism ...” Andrew Kopkind, “Soul Power,” The New York Review of Books, August 24, 1967, page 3.
243 Kopkind, “Soul Power,” page 3.
244 “regardless of what the Mayor did ...” Hayden, “The Occupation,” page 16.
244 “many missiles ...,” “very few, if any ...” Hayden, “The Occupation,” page 18.
244 “People voted with ...” Hayden, “The Occupation,” page 17.
245 “If you want to bring...” Nobile, Intellectual Skywriting, page 55.
245 “was sometimes referred to .. Tom Wolfe, Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1970), page 86.
246 “He oscillated ...” Leszek Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. III, The Breakdown (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978), page 179.
Chapter II: What the Sixties Wrought
248 “march into socialism ...” Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, third edition (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1950, orig. pub. 1942), pages 415ff.
248 “capitalism is being ...” Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, page xiv.
249 “capitalism creates ...,” “emotional attachment ...” Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, pages 143, 145.
249 “the bourgeois’ need ...” Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today’s Students (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987), page 78.
249 “willing suspension ...” Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Biographia Literaria, Vol. II (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1907, orig. pub. 1817), Chapter 14, page 6.
250 “the real world ...” Norman O. Brown, Love’s Body (New York: Random House, 1966), page 151.
251 “widely shared feeling ...” Fredric Jameson, “Periodizing the 6os,” Ideologies of Theory, II: Syntax of History (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988), pages 207-208.
250 “the universities and schools ...” Leszek Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. III, The Breakdown (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978), page 508.
253 “What binds these men ...” Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973, orig. pub. 1951), page 387.
254 “Characteristics ...” Arthur Marwick, The Sixties: Cultural Revolution in Britain, France, Italy and the United States, c.1958-c.1974 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pages 16ff.
255 “a strongly hostile ...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 4.
255 “We ourselves ...” Paul Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias: The Political Journey of the Generation of1968 (New York: W W Norton, 1996), pages 7, 12.
256 “black civil rights...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 3.
256 “rigid social hierarchy ...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 3.
256 “was downright stupid ...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 803.
257 “Life became more ...” Marwick, The Sixties, pages 803, 806.
257 “it is very important ...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 7.
257 “the belief that ...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 10.
257 “practically all ...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 10.
258 “the various counter-cultural ...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 13.
258 “most of the movements ...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 13.
259 “permeated ... ,” “their mite to ...” Marwick, The Sixties, pages 20, 806.
259 “All the statistical...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 802.
259 “exhibit to the fall ...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 20.
260 “The fifties; Bloom wrote ...” Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today’s Students (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987), pages 322-323.
261 “The cultural revolution ...” Marwick, The Sixties, page 802.
262 “Norman Thomas spoke ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 58.
263 “special nuttiness ...” “came a few tiny indications ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, pages 59-62.
263 “vague new sensibility ...” ,“the dream of a genuine ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, pages 8-9, 11.
264 “obvious that those long-ago ... ,”“the old hope of reorganizing ...” Berman,A Tale of Two Utopias, pages 15, 16-17.
264 “utopian exhilaration ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 7.
265 “the student uprisings ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 8.
265 “bits and pieces ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 8.
265 “Every few decades ...” “one more instance ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, pages 21, 22.
266 “longer than the Communist-Manifesto ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 46.
266 “the next Lenin ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 76.
266 “childish lives ...,” “criminal leftism ...,”“mad...” Berman,A Tale of Two Utopias, seriatim, pages 33, 92, 88.
266 “crucial truth about...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 254.
267 “There was the idea ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 254.
267 “the same direction in world ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 320.
267 “The messages from ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 338.
268 “a movement so grand ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 121.
268 “the left-wing idea ...” Berman, A Tale of Two Utopias, page 100.
269 “A Tale of Two Reactions;” Mark Lilla, The New York Review of Books, May 14, 1998, pages 4—7. All quotations from Lilla are from this essay.
270 “the common-place critic . . .” William Hazlitt, “On Common-Place Critics;” The Collected Works of William Hazlitt, edited by A. R. Waller and Arnold Glover, Vol. I (London: J. M. Dent, 1902), page 139.
270 “When great revolutions ...” Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the Revolution, Vol. 1, edited by François Furet and Françoise Mélonio (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), page 95.
271 “the counterculture was not . . .” Irving Kristol, “Countercultures,” Neo-Conservatism: The Autobiography of an Idea (New York: The Free Press, 1995), page 136.
272 “of no country . . .” Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol. I (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1991), page 51.
274 “there is a widespread tendency . . .” John Fletcher Moulton, “Law and Manners,” The Atlantic Monthly, July 1924, page 3.
275 “moral issues . . .” Robert D. Novak, Completing the Revolution: A Vision for Victory in 2000 (New York: The Free Press, 2000), page 149.
278 “we’re not surrendering . . .” Quoted in Alan Wolfe, “Look Who’s Turning Off and Tuning Out This Time,” The New York Times, February 22, 1999, page A 17.
279 “Good & Plenty: Morality in an Age of Prosperity,” David Brooks, The Weekly Standard, February 1, 1999, pages 17—20. All quotations from Brooks are from this article.
280 “The Panglosses of the Right Are Wrong,” Gertrude Himmelfarb, The Wall Street Journal, February 4, 1999, page A 22.
281 “a philosophy of death . . .” Russell Kirk, The Conservative Mind: From Burke to Eliot, seventh revised edition (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1994, orig. pub. 1953), page 287.
282 Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, page 127.
282 “if you believe . . .” Irving Bristol, “On Conservatism and Capitalism,” Neo-Conservatism: The Autobiography of an Idea (New York: The Free Press, 1995), page 233.