The following books are either cited in the text or have been used as sources of reference:
Abulafia, David, The Great Sea, 2011
Beard, Mary, SPQR, 2015
Black, Jeremy, What If?, 2008
Blanning, Tim, The Pursuit of Glory, 2007
Boorstin, Daniel, The Discoverers, 1985
Bradford, Ernle, Mediterranean, 1971
Clark, Christopher, The Sleepwalkers, 2012
Davies, Norman, Europe, a History, 1996
———, Vanished Kingdoms, 2011
Evans, Richard J., The Pursuit of Power, 2016
Fisher, H. A. L., A History of Europe, 1938
Frankopan, Peter, The Silk Roads, 2015
Gaddis, John Lewis, The Cold War, 2005
Gibbon, Edward, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (3 vols.), ed. David Womersley, 1994
Greengrass, Mark, Christendom Destroyed, 2014
Hawes, James, The Shortest History of Germany, 2017
Herrin, Judith, The Formation of Christendom, 1987
Hitchcock, William, The Struggle for Europe, 2003
Hughes, Bettany, Istanbul, 2017
Judt, Tony, Postwar, 2005
Kershaw, Ian, To Hell and Back, 2015
MacCulloch, Diarmaid, A History of Christianity, 2009
MacMillan, Margaret, The War That Ended Peace, 2013
Morris, Ian, The Measure of Civilisation, 2013
Nixey, Catherine, The Darkening Age, 2017
Norwich, John Julius, The Popes, 2012
———, Four Princes, 2016
Robb, Graham, The Discovery of France, 2007
Roberts, J. M., A History of Europe, 1996
Runciman, Steven, Byzantine Civilisation, 1933
Siedentop, Larry, Inventing the Individual, 2014
Simms, Brendan, Europe, The Struggle for Supremacy, 2013
Vincent, John, An Intelligent Person’s Guide to History, 1995
Wedgwood, Veronica, The Thirty Years War, 1938
Wickham, Chris, The Inheritance of Rome, 2009
Wilson, Peter, The Holy Roman Empire, 2016
Winder, Simon, Germania, 2010
Zamoyski, Adam, Holy Madness, 1999