K

Kalemouth Suspension Bridge, Eckford, Borders

Capt Sir Samuel Brown RN built this Grade A suspension bridge over the River Teviot in about 1835. The bridge spans 186ft and is nearly 9ft wide. The double chains on each side of the bridge are made from 10ft-long eyebar links and are supported about 16ft above road level by four independent stone pylons. BPJ, CEHSL, HBEKB

Kalemouth Suspension Bridge

Karlsruhe Friendship Bridge, Nottingham

This structure, also known as the Nottingham Station Bridge, was built to replace the original Great Central Railway’s Nottingham Station Viaduct (qv) that was removed in the early 1980s. The 1,100-tonne tubular steel Warren truss structure was slid into its final position and, following completion in 2015, it now carries the local tramway Nottingham Express Transit. The bridge has two spans of 52m and is 14.5m wide. The project was awarded the 2014 Light Rail’s Outstanding Engineering Achievement prize.

Keadby (King George V) Bridge, Gunness, North Lincolnshire

The Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway built its first bridge over the River Trent near Scunthorpe in 1866 – a swing bridge. Then, in 1916, the Great Central Railway, successor to the MSLR, decided to rebuild the bridge as part of its project to develop a new port at Immingham. This new bridge, designed to carry the A18 road as well as the double tracks of the railway, had two main fixed river spans 134ft and 140ft long and an opening span of 150ft, all consisting of three heavy trussed girders. The opening span was crossed by a 163ft-long rolling-lift bascule, in which the lifting arm moved back over a 40ft approach span at the same time as it rotated into the air. Keadby Bridge, also known as King George V Bridge, was an early use of this concept in Britain and was the heaviest such application in Europe. In 1960 the road was widened and the headroom increased, allowing the bascule to be permanently fixed. BB, BHRB, BRBV, CEHE, DoB

Keadby (King George V) Bridge

Keble’s Bridge, Eastleach Martin, Gloucestershire

John Keble, the English churchman, built this delightful little clapper bridge in the 1820s to provide a convenient crossing over the River Leach between two churches where he was curate. There are five huge slab spans with steps from one pier down into the water. BBPS, BG, BiB

Kedleston Hall Park Bridge, Kedleston, Derbyshire

Robert Adam completed his work at Kedleston Hall by building the graceful bridge in the grounds in about 1770. It has three segmental arches with a springing line at water level, which is controlled by a rustic cascade on the downstream face of the bridge. The masonry is laid radially through the spandrels and there are classically styled niched pilasters on the pier ends. The baluster posts from the original sectioned balustrade were replaced in 1809 with cast iron replicas painted to look like stone. The property is now owned by the National Trust and the bridge is listed Grade I. ABTB, BoB, BiB, CEHEM

Kedleston Hall Park Bridge

Keith Old Bridge, Keith, Moray

The lovely old hump-backed packhorse bridge over the River Isla at Keith was built in 1609 and there are records of its being repaired in 1724 and 1822. The semicircular stone arch spans about 28ft. BiM

Kelham Bridge, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire

There is a record of pontage rights for Kelham Bridge being sold in 1225. Later timber bridges across the Trent here included one destroyed during the Parliamentarians’ second siege of Newark in 1646. A temporary pontoon bridge was soon erected and a complex new permanent timber structure was in position by the middle of the eighteenth century. In 1850 another new five-span timber bridge, designed by John and Eugenius Birch, was opened, but this was destroyed in 1855 by a large block of ice being carried against the supporting piles by spring floods. The present brick bridge with five segmental arches was built in 1858. Above the pointed pier ends pointed buttresses support attractive triangular corbelled refuges. The Trent Valley Way crosses the bridge. ABMEE

Kelham Bridge

Kelloe Bridge, Blackadder, Borders

See Blackadder Estate Bridges, Blackadder, Borders

Kelso Bridge, Kelso, Borders

The first bridge at Kelso was not built until work started in 1754 on a six-arch stone bridge, but this was partially washed away in 1797 following scour damage to its foundations. The present bridge, completed in 1803 by John Rennie, is not only extremely handsome in its own right, but also gives a good idea of how Rennie’s larger 1817 Waterloo Bridge in London (qv), ‘the noblest bridge in the world’, would have looked. The bridge’s 24ft-wide level deck crosses the Tweed on five stone arches that are semi-elliptical in shape and span 72ft with a rise of 10ft. The intermediate 12ft-wide piers have half-round cutwaters at each end on which stand twin engaged Doric columns, and a wide projecting dentilled cornice supports the solid parapet with shallow rectangular refuges above the piers. Two of the lamp standards from the original Waterloo Bridge have been erected at the west end of the parapet and, at the town end of the bridge, is a tollhouse with a pyramidal roof. The bridge, which is listed Grade A, is crossed by the Borders Abbeys Way. ABTB, BB, BBPS, BE, BoB, BPJ, CBTT, CEHSL, DB, HBEKB, NTBB, TBT

Kelso Bridge

Kelvin Aqueduct, Glasgow, City of Glasgow

This 400ft-long stone aqueduct designed by Robert Whitworth was built in 1790 to carry the Forth & Clyde Canal 70ft over the River Kelvin. It has four low-rise segmental arches each spanning 50ft between piers with triangular cutwaters and, on its completion, was the largest aqueduct that had been built in Britain. BPJ, CEHSL, NTBB, TTA

Kelvin Aqueduct

Kemeys Bridge, Kemeys Commander, Monmouthshire

Although there had been a bridge at this site in the sixteenth century, between 1648 and 1830 there was only a ford. The nineteenth-century Chain Bridge, an early suspension bridge by Brown, Lenox & Co spanning about 150ft between four cast iron pillars, was replaced in 1906 by a steel bridge. This has 145ft-span crescent-arched two-pinned ribs supporting each side of the 26ft-wide half-through deck, and the two ribs are linked above the deck by two arched braces. The Usk Valley Walk crosses the bridge. BB

Kemeys Bridge

Ken Bridge, New Galloway, Dumfries & Galloway

John Rennie designed this bridge, which was completed in about 1824. It has five segmental arches – a graceful flat central span of 90ft flanked on each side by arches 58ft and 47ft long. There are wide pilasters above the curved cutwaters. Because of the difference in spans the bridge has an attractive vertically curved elevation. BB, CEHSL

Ken Bridge

Kenmore Bridge, Kenmore, Perth & Kinross

Built by John Baxter in 1774, this handsome Grade A stone bridge over the River Tay has three main segmental arches – a 55ft central span flanked by smaller side spans – with relieving circular tunnels over the piers. There is also a small semicircular flood arch behind each of the pilastered abutments. ABTB, BPJ, CEHSL

Kenmore Bridge

Kennington Railway Bridge, Kennington, Oxfordshire

A single-track bridge, opened in 1864, carried the railway from Thame to Oxford on five wrought iron plate girder spans over the Thames. The central span was 61ft long. In 1923 a new single-track bridge, consisting of three steel bowstring girders 78ft, 80ft and 78ft long, was built just downstream and the old bridge was demolished. BoT, TBDS, TC

Kent Messenger Millennium Bridge, Maidstone, Kent

This unusual footbridge is 101m long and consists of precast concrete units that are threaded onto bearing cables, jointed together with in-situ concrete, then stressed together to create a continuous structural ribbon. The overall length of the 3m-wide bridge is 102m. It has two spans, its main span of 50m over the Medway River being cranked in plan at an angle of 25° from the 38m shorter side span, with the intermediate pier containing stairs that act as a strut to resist the resulting compressive forces. It was designed by Cezary M. Bednarski with engineers Strasky Husty & Partners and Flint & Neill, and completed in 2001. The Medway Valley Walk passes the end of the bridge. CQ, F

Kent Messenger Millennium Bridge

Kent Viaduct, Arnside, Cumbria

Crossing the tidal estuary of the River Kent at Arnside was this lengthy 26ft-high wrought iron lattice girder viaduct built in 1857 by the Ulverstone & Lancaster Railway. It had fifty 30ft-long spans and an opening span 36ft long over the navigation channel; the latter retracted longitudinally under the approach spans on one side. The viaduct was widened in 1863 and the original wrought iron girders were replaced in 1887. CEHN

Kent Viaduct

Kentwell Hall Moat Bridges, Long Melford, Suffolk

There was an earlier moated property on this site, but the present Tudor house was built in about 1550, together with the two brick bridges that now cross the moat. Both bridges are about 10ft wide and have three semicircular arches each of which spans about 9ft.

Kenwood House Bridge, Hampstead, Greater London

Although there had been an earlier ancient bridge at Kenwood, the first sham bridge across the eastern end of the two lakes there was probably built for William Murray, later Earl Mansfield, in about 1765 to provide a focal point for views from the house and its terrace. The structure was rebuilt in 1791, the sham bridge now consisting of the wooden silhouette of a wall pierced by three flat segmentally-arched openings and topped with a balustraded coping. BoB, NTBB

Kerne Bridge, Goodrich, Herefordshire

This very attractive bridge was built at an ancient crossing point in 1828. It has five semicircular arches increasing gradually in size towards the centre, with the rounded cutwaters at the ends of the piers being surmounted by a short length of half-round column leading in to a shallow pilaster. A vertically curved string course marks the road level and differentiates the spandrels from the parapet walls. The Wye Valley Walk crosses the bridge. ABWWE, BB, BRW

Kerne Bridge

Kessock Bridge, Inverness, Highland

Kessock Bridge was built in 1982 to carry the A9 trunk road directly over the Moray Firth, bypassing Inverness. It is a cable stay structure with a 240m main span and 80m back spans supported by sixty-four stays from the two steel towers that reach 40m above deck level. The cable layout is in the harp format. The deck itself is 22m wide with 3.3m-deep plate girders at the outer edges. BPJ, CEHSH, HB, NCE

Kessock Bridge

Kew Bridge, Kew, Greater London

There have been three bridges on this site. The first, replacing an earlier ferry, was authorised by Act of Parliament in 1758 and built in timber by John Barnard, who had previously worked on Westminster Bridge (qv). It was a substantial 30ft wide and crossed the river in eleven spans with a central 50ft navigation opening. The bridge was opened in 1759.

Following continuing scour damage to the piers, the timber bridge was replaced by a structure designed by James Paine on similar lines to his earlier bridge at Richmond (qv) and, like that one, financed through an insurance tontine. Work started in 1783 and the bridge, a short distance downstream of the existing timber structure, was opened in 1789. Compared with its unsatisfactory predecessor, this was a substantial Portland stone bridge of seven segmental river arches with a central span of 66ft, and was crowned by an ornamental stone balustrade. However, the bridge suffered from having a roadway only 18ft wide, from steep approaches with an awkward central hump, and from inadequate foundations. Rather than widen the bridge it was decided to build a completely new third Kew Bridge, and Paine’s structure was sold, the central span being re-erected as the Hartwell House Driveway Bridge (qv).

The new bridge was designed by Sir John Wolfe Barry. It has three semi-elliptical masonry arches with a central span of 133ft and two side spans of 116ft. The granite stonework has a lively finish, the roughly tooled voussoirs stepping into smooth spandrels all surmounted by a solid parapet on a corbelled string course. Work on the bridge began in 1899 and it was opened in 1903. ABTB, BBL, BE, BME, BoB, BoT, CLR, CR, LBC, LBCRR, LBM, SR, TBDS, TC

Kew Gardens Bridges, Kew, Greater London

There are three interesting bridges in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. On the eastern side, the Ruined Arch was designed as a mock Roman ruin by Sir William Chambers and built in 1760. It is a three-arched stone bridge and originally carried a 12ft-wide private carriageway over the adjacent Kew Road. The main arch spans 7ft and is flanked on each side by a lower pedestrian arch spanning 3ft.

Kew Gardens Ruined Arch

The elegant Sackler Crossing, designed by architect John Pawson and engineers Buro Happold and built in 2006, spans the main lake. Excavation started in 1856 and the lake was filled in 1861. The bridge is named after the philanthropic Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation, whose donation made construction possible. This eight-span 70m-long structure, S-shaped in plan, has a simple steel framework supported on steel piles along the bridge centre-line that are driven into the lake bed. The 3m-wide deck above the steelwork is made of 564 black granite sleepers lined by around 1,000 closely spaced bronze posts which form the balustrades. Each of the finely engineered posts has a rounded, smooth top for pedestrians to hold on to.

Kew Gardens Sackler Crossing

The 1.5m-wide Xstrata Treetop Walkway is a 200m-long circular route through the tree canopy at a height of 18m. The structure, which is built of weathering steel, consists of trussed spans supported on eight slender pylons each of which splits into three tapering branches. It was designed by architects Marks Barfield with structural engineer Jane Wernick and opened in 2008. F, FSB

Kexby Bridge, Kexby, York

A three-arched stone bridge, dating from 1650, replaced an earlier structure built in about 1430 and was seen by John Leland just a few years earlier. The present bridge, which was repaired in 1778, has three segmental arches, the largest spanning about 35ft, and carries a roadway 15ft wide. Each arch has triple chamfered arch rings in three orders and the piers have pointed cutwaters. The bridge is now bypassed by a new structure to the north. The Minster Way passes near the west end of the bridges. ABNE, BB, BME, JLI, NTBB

Kexby Bridge

Kielder Viaduct, Kielder, Northumberland

This viaduct over the Kielder Burn was built for the Border Counties Railway in 1862. It has seven 40ft-span skewed semicircular arches and is decorated with castellated parapets. This part of the valley later became the Bakethin Reservoir and the railway closed in 1963. The Lakeside Way now crosses the viaduct. BHRB, CEHN, RHB

Kildrummy Castle Bridge, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire

This bridge, a two-thirds size copy of the magnificent fourteenth-century Grade A Brig o’ Balgownie (qv) at Aberdeen thirty-five miles away, was built by A. Marshall MacKenzie in 1900 at the same time as the country house, now a hotel. In sandstone (as opposed to the original’s granite), it crosses the Back Den gorge with a single pointed arch spanning 72ft and is only 10ft wide between parapets.

Kildrummy Castle Bridge under construction (1900)

Kildwick Bridge, Kildwick, North Yorkshire

The canons of Bolton Priory recorded their building of Kildwick Bridge in 1305 and it is one of the earliest documented medieval bridges. The two northern arches of this bridge over the River Aire, which are pointed and span 18ft and 19ft, are probably the oldest parts. The other two arches, with spans of 29ft and 33ft, are semicircular. All the arches are ribbed and the intermediate piers have triangular cutwaters. The bridge was widened on its downstream side from its original width of about 14ft to its present 23ft in 1780, the extended arch barrels all being semicircular in shape. Jervoise considered it ‘one of the most interesting medieval bridges in Yorkshire, if not the finest’, and it is listed Grade I. Kildwick is probably one of the dozen or so oldest bridges in the country and, when seen from the west, is much as it would have looked on completion. ABNE, BEVA, BiB, BLY, BME, CEHN, SYBBR

Kilgram Bridge, Thornton Steward, North Yorkshire

Kilgram Bridge possibly dates from the fifteenth century and there are records of it needing repair in 1581, 1611 and 1674. It has six ribbed segmental stone arches and the triangular tops to its pointed cutwaters end just below the string course beneath the parapet. ABNE, BB, BBPS, DB, SYBBR

Killin Viaduct, Killin, Stirling

Claimed to be one of the first concrete viaducts to be built in Scotland, Killin Viaduct was opened in 1885 to carry the Killin branch of the Callender & Oban Railway across the River Dochart. The 45° skew structure has five semicircular arches, spanning 30ft on the square, that are built of mass concrete but are clad in masonry and stand on masonry piers. The railway has been dismantled. BHRB, CEHSH

Kimbolton Butts Bridge, Kimbolton, Cambridgeshire

This bridge, completed in 1992, is believed to be the first completely new traditional brick arch highway bridge to be built in Britain since the 1930s. Its segmental arch spans 8m with a rise of 2m, its spandrels are in Flemish bond brickwork, and the brick parapets are enlivened with three inset brick panels. BDA

Kimbolton Butts Bridge

Kincardine Swing Bridge, Kincardine, Fife

The bridge at Kincardine, designed by Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, was opened in 1936 to carry the A876 across the River Forth and was then the lowest fixed road crossing over the river. The swinging section itself is a 364ft-long centrally balanced double cantilever steel structure – believed to be the largest such swing span in Europe when built – and used to provide two channels of 150ft clear width when opened, although it no longer opens. There is a tall X-braced central section and the cantilever arms on each side have concave curved upper booms with triangulated web members. This structure is flanked on each side by seven 100ft-long steel plate girder approach spans with an additional three 62ft-long steel spans over a railway on the north bank and a reinforced concrete viaduct with nine 50ft-long spans on the south bank. The Fife Coastal Path starts at the east end of the bridge. BPJ, CEHSL, DB, ICE

Kincardine Swing Bridge

King Edward VII Bridge, Newcastle upon Tyne

This bridge was built in 1906 to provide direct running through Newcastle Central station for East Coast main line trains from London to Edinburgh. The bridge carries four tracks and its spans are, from north to south, 231ft, 300ft, 300ft and 191ft. Each of the four spans is made up of five deck-type double Warren girders 28ft deep spaced at 11ft centres. Charles Harrison was the engineer. BCD, BHRB, BiB, BoB, BRB, BRBV, CBTT, CEHN, CT, DoB

King Edward VII Bridge

King George V Bridge, Glasgow, City of Glasgow

This reinforced concrete bridge over the River Clyde was built in 1928 to improve north-south communications in Glasgow. Although the soffits are arched and the bridge is clad in granite, it is a three-span continuous beam structure. It has a central span of 166ft flanked by 120ft-long side spans. When it was built Glasgow Bridge was claimed to be the strongest road bridge in the world, having been designed for a vehicle load of 120 tons supported on a grid of four wheels at 9ft centres. BB, BPJ, CEHSL, ConcB

King George V Bridge, Glasgow

King George V Bridge, Gunness, North Lincolnshire

See Keadby Bridge, Gunness, North Lincolnshire

King John Bridge, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire

This bridge, which was first built in about 1198, has two main sections linked by a causeway. The older, eastern section has four segmental stone arches spanning between 17ft and 22ft between piers with triangular cutwaters that continue up to parapet level. These arches have rectangular stone ribs that are each about 2ft wide. Originally the other section of the bridge over the Old Avon was of timber but, later, stone arches spanning between 8ft and 15ft were built. In 1748 these were rebuilt and in the nineteenth century a cantilevered cast iron footway was added in order to widen the roadway. The Severn Way crosses the bridge. ABWWE, BB, DB, FFB, NTBB

King John Bridge

King’s College Bridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire

There was a bridge over the River Cam from King’s College before 1472 and the last structure on the original site, a two-span stone arch bridge, was built in 1627. In 1819 it was replaced by the existing Grade I bridge, located about forty-five yards to the south. Designed by William Wilkins, this has a single segmental stone arch. ABMEE, BBPS, BiB, BoB, CB, NTBB

King’s Meadows Bridge, Kings Muir, Borders*

The two founders of the Scottish engineering firm Redpath & Brown built the country’s first wire-stayed bridge here over the River Tweed in 1817. Five pairs of stays from low cast iron masts at each end supported its 100ft span and the single backstays were anchored at ground level to further masts buried into the ground. The 4ft-wide footbridge was destroyed by floods in 1954. BE, BPJ, CEHSL, DoB, F, NCE, Miller

King’s Mill Bridge, Marnhull, Dorset

This bridge over the River Stour was built in 1823 to a design by G. A. Underwood to replace a bridge of 1673 and is probably on the site of a much earlier bridge dating from the early fourteenth century. It has three semi-elliptical brick barrelled arches, the central one spanning about 25ft, with stone voussoirs on the faces. The intermediate heavy stone piers have half-octagonal cutwaters and the bridge is decorated with stone roundels in the centre of the spandrels over the piers. BHRB, DDB

King’s Mill Bridge

King’s Mill Viaduct, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire

This structure, dating from 1817, is one of the country’s oldest railway viaducts. It was originally built for an early horse-drawn tramway, linking Mansfield to the nearest canal branch at Pinxton, which was later taken over by the Midland Railway. The viaduct, which no longer carries any tracks, has five 24ft-span stone arches with large pattress plates above the arch rings and in each pilaster. BHRB, CEHE, CEHEM, RHB

King’s Mill Viaduct

Kingsferry Bridge, Iwade, Kent

The first of three movable bridges on this site was built in 1860 to carry both road and rail traffic over the River Swale to the Isle of Sheppey. In 1904 the original opening bascule span was replaced by a rolling lift span, the first of the Scherzer type in Britain, to give a 57ft-wide opening. After this bridge had been damaged by river traffic in 1954, a new structure was built alongside to the west and opened in 1960. This has three fixed 80ft-long side spans on each approach flanking a central vertical lifting span 123ft long weighing 465 tons and counterbalanced by four 110-ton weights. This lifting span is supported by four tapering reinforced concrete towers 130ft high and linked at their tops by a cross beam above each pier. The new Swale Bridge (qv) now bypasses the lifting bridge and the Saxon Shore Way passes under its south-west end. BBPS, BEVA, BFB, BG, BRBV, CEHS, DB, MBB

Kingsferry Bridge

Kingsgate Bridge, Durham

Sir Ove Arup, founder of the famous engineering consultancy firm, designed this reinforced concrete footbridge, which was built in 1965 to link the university buildings located on either side of the River Wear. The two halves of the bridge were constructed separately, one half along each bank, and these were then rotated together and joined at the point where they met to form a complete structure 350ft long – the first bridge to be built in this way. From the base of each of the two piers, which are about 136ft apart, four tapering struts rise up to support the U-shaped deck that stretches from side to side of the river valley 56ft above water level. The bridge received a Civic Trust Award in 1965 and is listed Grade I. The Weardale Way passes along the riverbank under the west end of the bridge. BBPS, BiB, BE, BRWe, CBTT, CEHN, F, MBB, NTBB

Kingsgate Bridge

Kingston Bridge, Glasgow, City of Glasgow

This prestressed concrete bridge was built in 1970 and consists of twin 68ft-wide cantilever hollow-box girder structures. The central span is 470ft long, each half span being balanced by a 205ft-long anchor span, and the structure is clad in polished granite. In 1996 a major reconstruction project included jacking up each of the 25,000-tonne girders to install new bearings. The bridge was designed by W. A. Fairhurst & Partners. CEHSL

Kingston Bridge, Kingston upon Thames, Greater London

Timber bridges have been built and rebuilt at Kingston since before 1193, but the present Grade I bridge was built more than six hundred years later in 1828. It has five semi-elliptical brick barrel river arches faced in stone: a central one spanning 60ft flanked by smaller ones of 56ft and 52ft span. Originally 27ft wide, it was widened in 1914 by 30ft on the downstream side. During major reconstruction in 1999 the bridge was widened again, this time on the upstream face. The 6.6m extension uses precast concrete arch shells finished to match the original masonry. The Thames Path crosses the river by this bridge. ABSE, BoT, BME, CEHL, LBCRR, LBM, NCE, TBLHC, TBDS, TC

Kingston Bridge

Kingston Railway Bridge, Kingston upon Thames, Greater London

This bridge was completed in 1863 to carry the railway from Kingston to Hampton Wick over the Thames. It had five 75ft-long cast iron arched rib spans on masonry piers. In 1907 the cast iron arches were replaced by similar steel arches. BoT, LBCRR, LBM, TBDS, TC

Kingswood Canal Bridge, Kingswood, Warwickshire

The footbridge at Kingswood, probably built in around 1802, lies at the start of the thirteen miles of the Southern Stratford Canal from Lapworth to Stratford. Long approach ramps parallel to the canal curve round into tall brick abutments close to each side of the waterway as it narrows into a lock, these abutments continuing up to form brick parapets for the pathway. Projecting out from beneath these parapets and canted upwards at an angle of about 10° are the iron edge beams for the cantilevered bridge decks. A narrow slot between the two half decks allowed the barges’ towropes to be passed through without being disconnected. The edges of the deck are protected by a distinctive timber railing with two X-braced panels on each side. CATA, IB, SBIW

Kirklee Bridge, Glasgow, City of Glasgow

The present Kirklee Bridge over the River Kelvin was built in 1900 to replace an earlier timber footbridge. The main river span of the 50ft-wide road bridge is a semi-elliptical stone arch spanning 80ft between abutments faced with twin half columns and topped by small pavilions. The spandrels contain low relief carvings of the city’s arms. Behind the abutments are tall 18ft-wide arches for the river bank walks, one of which, The Kelvin Walkway, passes the south-east end of the bridge. BoK, CEHSL

Kirklees Park Bridge, Bradley, Kirklees*

A little-known early iron bridge was the one built by Maurice Tobin over a canal in Sir George Armytage’s park at Kirklees and opened in 1770. Possibly of wrought not cast iron, it was 6ft wide and had a single arch spanning 72ft. It was demolished at some unknown date. IB, NCE

Kirkstall Road Viaduct, Leeds

This twenty-two-span stone viaduct, with segmental arches spanning 48ft, was designed by Thomas Grainger for the Leeds & Thirsk Railway and built in 1849. BHRB, RHB

Kirkstead Bridge, Woodhall Spa, Lincolnshire

Kirkstead Bridge, carrying a local road over the River Witham, has three main spans of 71ft, 114ft and 71ft and consists of six concrete box beams, each formed from nine precast units post-tensioned together. In addition, there are a further fifteen approach spans each made up of sixteen pre-tensioned precast inverted T-beams. The bridge was opened in 1968. CQ

Knaresborough High Bridge, Knaresborough, North Yorkshire

The original medieval stone bridge that crosses the River Nidd at Knaresborough has four chamfered ribs under its original two slightly pointed arches and is recorded as being rebuilt in 1773. This involved widening upstream with similar arch shapes, though without the ribbing, whereas a later widening downstream has been achieved by building segmental arches that spring from the upper part of the triangular cutwaters. The Harrogate Ringway crosses the bridge. ABNE, BB, BME, DB, NTBB

Knaresborough High Bridge

Knaresborough Viaduct, Knaresborough, North Yorkshire

The first structure here collapsed in 1848 when construction was nearing completion. Thomas Grainger designed this replacement four-span stone viaduct, completed in 1851, to carry the Leeds & Thirsk Railway over the River Nidd. It has four nearly semicircular stone arches spanning 57ft and standing on tall stone piers. The ends of the piers continue as half columns on the spandrels, terminating in half turrets. These and its castellated parapets make the viaduct highly picturesque. The Harrogate Ringway passes under the viaduct. BB, BHRB, BRBV, CEHN, RHB

Knaresborough Viaduct by J. C. Bourne

Knostrop Weir Footbridge, Hunslet, Leeds

The footbridge here is on a pedestrian and cycle way beside the River Aire that is part of the Trans Pennine Trail and was opened in 2017. The four-span snaking structure stands on very slim supports at the downstream end of three walls. These run along the line of the river and form part of a weir, which is stepped in plan, that was built as a flood alleviation scheme. The 150t, 70m-long footbridge, which was designed by Knight Architects and Mott MacDonald, was craned into position in four sections.

Knucklas (Cnwclas) Viaduct, Llangunilo, Powys

The single-track line built by the Central Wales Railway to link Swansea to Shrewsbury and the Midlands crosses the Heyhope Valley on this attractive viaduct opened in 1863. There are thirteen 30ft-span semicircular arches built in undressed stone and the viaduct is topped by heavily corbelled and castellated parapets terminating in pairs of semicircular battlemented towers. BFB, BHRB, BRBV, BW, CEHW, RHB

Knucklas (Cnwclas) Viaduct

Kyle of Tongue Bridge, Tongue, Highland

This road bridge about halfway down the Kyle of Tongue estuary was built in 1971 to cut out a long coastal route through Kinloch. It has eighteen spans each about 33ft long and consisting of precast concrete beams spanning between crosshead beams supported by raked concrete columns. BPJ, HB

Kylesku Bridge, Kylesku, Highland

The very handsome Kylesku Bridge was built in 1984 to carry the A894 coast road on the west side of Scotland over the entrance to the sea loch Loch Glencoul. The gently curving prestressed concrete bridge has a main span of 433ft between two intermediate pier bases on each side of the loch. Above each of these bases the four-legged piers are V-shaped in elevation and A-shaped when viewed down the line of the bridge. An arched transom connects each pair of legs and supports a deep central spine beam and deck with small side cantilevers. The designers were Ove Arup & Partners. BE, BPJ, CEHSH, HB

Kynnersley Aqueduct, Lilleshall, Shropshire

See Duke’s Drive Aqueduct, Lilleshall, Shropshire