1. Just one of the nine members of its current committee is a woman. A mere six of our 100 biggest companies are headed by a woman: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/may/23/britain-productivity-crisis-meghan-duchess-female-empowerment
2. we’ve only got 10 per cent of the positions on retail executive boards: https://www.elixirr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-commercial-advantage-of-more-women-in-the-boardroom.pdf
3. we’ve already outperformed boys at school and are 35 per cent more likely than them to go to university: http://www.hepi.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Boys-to-Men.pdf
4. We earn less: 81p for every £1 that a man makes: https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/womensequality/pages/2512/attachments/original/1495027355/WE_3495_Manifesto_2017_V5_Singles.pdf?1495027355
5. making up nearly three-quarters of the entry workforce and holding just 32 per cent of director-level posts: https://www.managers.org.uk/about-us/media-centre/cmi-press-releases/men-forty-percent-more-likely-than-women-to-be-promoted-in-management-roles
6. Meanwhile men are far more likely to do twenty-six of the thirty highest-paying jobs, including chief executive, architect and computer engineer: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/upshot/as-women-take-over-a-male-dominated-field-the-pay-drops.html
7. When they became biologists, the wages dropped by 18 per cent: Ibid.
8. Men moved into the industry and programming suddenly got way more complex: Nathan L. Ensmenger, The Computer Boys Take Over: Computers, Programmers, and the Politics of Technical Expertise (Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press, 2010).
9. The nerd was born, recruitment started to favour men: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/04/why-is-silicon-valley-so-awful-to-women/517788/
10. The nerd was born, recruitment started to favour men and pay increased: Ruth Oldenziel, Making Technology Masculine: Men, Women, and Modern Machines in America, 1870–1945 (Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press, 1999).
11. Today women hold just one in four jobs in the industry: http://www.aauw.org/resource/get-the-solving-the-equation-report
12. The education workforce is two-thirds female but in the UK male teachers earn on average £2 more per hour than women: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/477360/UKCES_Gender_Effects.pdf
13. Women didn’t enter formal employment en masse until about fifty years ago, and today we’re almost half of the workforce: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.FE.ZS
14. More than 70 per cent of UK women aged sixteen to sixty-four work: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/timeseries/lf25/lms
15. It’s a trend seen everywhere from Japan and Germany to the US: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=LFS_SEXAGE_I_R
16. But even though the fashion industry was worth almost ten times what the Premier League was to the UK economy in 2014: The Premier League was worth £3.4 billion in 2014, as reported in http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY_-_The_economic_impact_of_the_Premier_League/$FILE/EY-The-economic-impact-of-the-Premier-League.pdf. The fashion industry contributed £28 billion to the UK economy in 2014, as stated in http://www.britishfashioncouncil.com/pressreleases/London-Fashion-Week-September-2017-Facts-and-Figures.
17. two paramedics were needed on standby at the Chicago Board of Trade in case physical fights broke out: Caitlin Zaloom, Out of the Pits: Traders and Technology from Chicago to London (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2010).
18. and perhaps that’s reflected in the fact that women still make up only 15 per cent of the financial trading workforce: http://www.cityam.com/240774/quality-not-quantity-heres-why-women-make-better-traders
19. They also saw an alpha-male management culture that rewarded those who were loud or aggressive in pursuing their career, leaving others behind: https://www.secretintelligenceservice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Women-in-the-UK-Intelligence-Community.pdf
20. from just the right quarry in Kansas, and has been carefully distressed, like a pair of jeans: http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2017/05/16/apple_s_new_headquarters_apple_park_has_no_child_care_center_despite_costing.html
21. But we’re half the workforce and only a third of its managers, directors and senior officials: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/womeninthelabourmarket/2013-09-25
22. If women have to acquire all the characteristics of a corporate world, it’s probably not worth it: https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/are_women_more_ethical_than_men
23. The accident rate fell by 84 per cent. Productivity, efficiency and reliability improved: https://hbr.org/2008/07/unmasking-manly-men
24. and started doing ‘blind’ auditions by asking musicians to play behind a screen to hide their identity: Claudia Goldin and Cecilia Rouse, ‘Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of “Blind” Auditions on Female Musicians’, American Economic Review, 90:4 (2000).
25. Today more than half of the players in the top 250 US orchestras are women: https://www.vnews.com/Why-more-women-are-winning-at-musical-chairs-3692000
26. When two professors at Columbia Business School and New York University gave their students the same case study: Kathleen L. McGinn and Nicole Tempest, ‘Heidi Roizen’, Harvard Business School Case 800-228, January 2000 (Revised April 2010), https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=26880
27. Half the students were told the venture capitalist was called Howard and half that she was called Heidi: Sheryl Sandberg, Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead (London, WH Allen, 2015).
28. ‘He is eight and a half times better than me at writing the same book’: https://jezebel.com/homme-de-plume-what-i-learned-sending-my-novel-out-und-1720637627
29. If they do, they’re less likely to approve it: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/02/women-are-seen-as-better-coders-than-men-but-only-if-they-hide-their-gender?utm_content=buffer87c0a&utm_medium=social&utm_source=plus.google.com&utm_campaign=buffer
30. The search engine also displays six times fewer adverts for high-paying executive jobs if it thinks you’re a woman: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/07/06/googles-algorithm-shows-prestigious-job-ads-to-men-but-not-to-women-heres-why-that-should-worry-you/?utm_term=.7e039bcaaa06
31. ‘masculine values and the life situations of men who have dominated in the public domain of work’: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/09-064.pdf, p. 2.
32. Just 4 per cent of all MPs are women of colour, for instance: http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN01156
33. The problem goes even deeper, though, with far fewer women sitting on powerful select committees: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/news/2016/july/20%20Jul%20Prof%20Sarah%20Childs%20The%20Good%20Parliament%20report.pdf
34. Some 45 per cent of female MPs are childless compared to 28 per cent of male: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/news/2016/july/20%20Jul%20Prof%20Sarah%20Childs%20The%20Good%20Parliament%20report.pdf
35. We now hold 29 per cent of positions on the boards of FTSE 100 companies – compared to just 12 per cent in 2011: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/record-number-of-women-on-ftse-100-boards
36. in 2016 women of colour held a paltry thirty-seven of a total 1050 directorships in FTSE 100 companies: http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/A_Report_into_the_Ethnic_Diversity_of_UK_Boards/$FILE/Beyond%20One%20by%2021%20PDF%20Report.pdf
37. ‘We’ve already got one of those’ and ‘All the good ones have gone’: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/revealed-the-worst-explanations-for-not-appointing-women-to-ftse-company-boards
38. More than a third felt it was impossible to ‘be nice’ and reach the top, while a fifth felt that women had to act ruthlessly to be respected at work: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-business/10306864/Women-feel-need-to-act-like-men-to-get-ahead-at-work.html
39. One in four women says the senior women in her organization conform to a dominant and controlling ‘alpha’ type: Ibid.
40. I think they are more emotionally intelligent and, if you like, I think there is more intuition in the room: https://www.secretintelligenceservice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Women-in-the-UK-Intelligence-Community.pdf, p.11.
41. it’s the way the human body is linked to a bigger experience and context: https://www.dwell.com/article/trend-forecaster-li-edelkoort-shares-her-thoughts-on-the-radically-evolving-design-industry-20833b31
42. Project 28-40, the UK’s largest ever survey of women in work, found that 70 per cent have the desire to lead: https://gender.bitc.org.uk/system/files/research/project_28-40_the_report.pdf
43. KPMG found that we also share the same ambitions as men in many key areas: https://home.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2015/04/Cracking-the-code.pdf
44. KPMG discovered that men and women share all these key professional ambitions: Ibid.
45. ‘Women are more demanding and wide-ranging in their definition of success than men’: https://home.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2015/04/Cracking-the-code.pdf, p. 6.
46. Roberts said he didn’t spend ‘any time’ on gender issues in his agencies: https://www.businessinsider.de/kevin-roberts-on-women-in-leadership-roles-2016-7?r=UK&IR=T
47. They hold just 12 per cent of these roles in the UK: https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/creativitys-female-future/1428824
48. and 29 per cent in the US: http://www.3percentmovement.com/wherewestand/
49. ‘I don’t want to manage a piece of business and people, I want to keep doing the work’: https://www.businessinsider.de/kevin-roberts-on-women-in-leadership-roles-2016-7?r=UK&IR=T
50. we spend double the amount of time on housework and childcare as men do: https://visual.ons.gov.uk/the-value-of-your-unpaid-work/ and http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/06/15/fathers-day-facts/
51. you’re still 3.5 times more likely to do all or most of the household work than male breadwinners: https://womenintheworkplace.com
52. In fact, the unpaid work we do in the home is valued at around £77 billion a year: https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/womensequality/pages/2512/attachments/original/1495027355/WE_3495_Manifesto_2017_V5_Singles.pdf?1495027355
53. fathers have at least tripled the time they spend with their kids over the past fifty years: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/06/13/fathers-day-facts/ and https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmwomeq/358/35804.htm#_idTextAnchor003
54. ‘And if you lose that, you don’t become a loser, it’s just the status quo’: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/breadwinner-study-men-women-health-well-being-christin-munsch-sociology-connecticut-a7199911.html
55. 74 per cent of same-sex couples shared the responsibility compared to just 38 per cent of heterosexual couples: http://www.familiesandwork.org/downloads/modern-families.pdf
56. more a division of tasks according to who wants to do what: Perlesz, Amaryll et al., ‘Organising Work and Home in Same-sex Parented Families: Findings from the Work Love Play Study’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 31:4 (2010).
57. English mothers with kids at home have seen the largest increase in employment rates over the past twenty years: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/familiesandthelabourmarketengland/2017
58. Nearly three-quarters of mothers now work and there are fewer and fewer stay-at-home mums: Ibid.
59. until our children are eleven or older, we’re more likely to work part-time than full-time: Ibid.
60. and the hourly rate for part-time work tends to be lower than that for full-time: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/articles/howdothejobsmenandwomendoaffectthegenderpaygap/2017-10-06
61. Part-timers don’t see the same kind of year-on-year salary increases that full-timers do either: https://www.ifs.org.uk/publications/10364
62. The UK’s average gender pay gap for full-and part-time workers is 18 per cent: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/articles/howdothejobsmenandwomendoaffectthegenderpaygap/2017-10-06
63. women were earning on average about half what men earned: http://uk.businessinsider.com/barclays-gender-pay-gap-bonus-2018-2
64. Because most pilots are men and they earn the biggest salaries: http://corporate.easyjet.com/~/media/Files/E/Easyjet/attachments/easyjet-gender-pay-gap-report-november-2017
65. while men do more of the more lucrative head-office jobs: https://www.drapersonline.com/news/phase-eight-defends-gender-pay-gap/7028456.article
66. the World Economic Forum predicts the economic gap between men and women won’t close in Western Europe until 2078: ‘At the current rate of progress, the overall global gender gap can be closed in 61 years in Western Europe’, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2017.pdf, p. viii.
67. 54,000 pregnant women lose their jobs each year because of unfair and unlawful treatment: https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/managing-pregnancy-and-maternity-workplace/pregnancy-and-maternity-discrimination-research-findings
68. criticisms of our statutory maternity pay as among the lowest in Europe: https://www.tuc.org.uk/news/uk-relegation-zone-decently-paid-maternity-leave-europe-warns-tuc
69. three in five mothers are at risk of this – and will earn up to a third less: https://www.pwc.co.uk/economic-services/women-returners/pwc-research-women-returners-nov-2016.pdf
70. Younger women now out-earn younger men: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/articles/understandingthegenderpaygapintheuk/2018-01-17
71. the gender pay gap starts to open after we hit forty: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42723960
72. It’s widest by the time we’re in our fifties: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/articles/understandingthegenderpaygapintheuk/2018-01-17
73. the average woman will be earning almost a third less than the average man twenty years after having her first child: ‘Twenty years after the birth of their first child, a woman’s hourly wage will on average be a third lower than the hourly wage of a man’, https://www.ifs.org.uk/publications/10364
74. but also might be because they’re seen as more committed and responsible: http://content.thirdway.org/publications/853/NEXT_-_Fatherhood_Motherhood.pdf
75. British parents spend a mind-boggling eight times more of their income on childcare than Swedish parents: Swedish parents spend just 4.4 per cent of their income on childcare compared to 33.8 per cent in the UK, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/12/childcare-cost-oecd/
76. Childcare costs have risen four times faster than average pay since 2008: https://www.tuc.org.uk/news/cost-childcare-has-risen-four-times-faster-wages-2008-says-tuc
77. And there aren’t enough nursery places: https://www.familyandchildcaretrust.org/childcare-survey-2017
78. Those working outside a normal nine-to-five pattern, like nurses or shop workers, face even bigger problems finding a place: https://www.familyandchildcaretrust.org/childcare-london-parents-atypical-work-patterns-what-are-problems-and-how-should-we-fix-them
79. less than a fifth of areas have sufficient spaces for disabled children: just 18 per cent of areas have sufficient spaces for disabled children https://www.familyandchildcaretrust.org/childcare-survey-2017
80. including thirty hours of free childcare per week for working parents, who earn less than £100,000 per year, of three- to four-year-olds: Tax-free childcare sees the UK government topping up money that parents pay into a dedicated account for childcare costs while thirty hours’ free childcare is available for three- to four-year-olds whose parents are working and as long as neither of them has a taxable income over £100,000
81. Low-income parents are still struggling to pay – even with the free care they get: Low-income parents faced an average shortfall of £60 a week after claiming all the help with costs they were entitled to, https://www.familyandchildcaretrust.org/childcare-prices-surge-double-rate-inflation-undermining-government%E2%80%99s-new-investments.
82. because the money the government pays them for the ‘free’ care doesn’t cover what it costs to provide: The Pre-School Learning Alliance – which runs 110 nurseries in deprived areas – has been left with a shortfall, and individual childminders also say they have been left out of pocket because the government subsidy doesn’t fully cover costs.
83. If just 10 per cent more mothers worked, they could generate an estimated additional £1.5 billion for the UK economy: https://www.ippr.org/files/publications/pdf/No-more-baby-steps_Jun2014.pdf?noredirect=1
84. Universal free childcare could earn the nation up to £37 billion through higher tax revenues and lower benefit payments: https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/womensequality/pages/2512/attachments/original/1495027355/WE_3495_Manifesto_2017_V5_Singles.pdf?1495027355
85. That seems to me a good way to make society more equal: https://www.familyandchildcaretrust.org/putting-quality-heart-early-years
86. Slovenia and Chile invests significantly more of their GDP in childcare than we do: http://www.oecd.org/education/school/SS%20V%20Spending%20on%20early%20childhood%20education%20and%20care.png
87. A McDonald’s ‘crew member’ aged twenty-five or over gets that to flip burgers: https://www.employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/january-2018/mcdonalds-recommends-pay-increase-for-115000-uk-staff/
88. since the global financial crash of 2008 and women have accounted for much of the rise: Women accounted for 58 per cent of the rise in the seven years to 2015, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/500317/self-employed-income.pdf
89. They are now at the helm of one in three female-owned businesses – compared to one in six twenty years ago: https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/04/women-are-owning-more-and-more-small-businesses/390642/
90. reason for starting their business was ‘to have considerable freedom to adapt my approach to work’: http://www.enterpriseresearch.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/GEM-UK-2016_final.pdf
91. our full potential remains untapped because women are still only about half as likely as men to be entrepreneurs: Ibid.
92. And, once again, there are barriers for us to overcome: from access to finance: Female entrepreneurs in the UK are 1.7 times less likely to say they can access the money needed to start a business, http://www.oecd.org/cfe/smes/Policy-Brief-on-Women-s-Entrepreneurship.pdf; just 15 per cent of the US companies that received venture capital funding between 2011 and 2013 had women on the executive team, http://entrepreneurship.babson.edu/changing-the-status-quo-in-venture-capital/?_ga=2.104028992.1395481516.1519295797-1027792271.1519295797; women are two-thirds less likely to invest in entrepreneurs than men, http://gemconsortium.org/report/49860
93. the fact that we’re more likely to start businesses in lower-earning sectors: Lower-earning sectors include health and social work, https://www.fsb.org.uk/docs/default-source/fsb-org-uk/fsb-women-in-enterprise-the-untapped-potentialfebc2bbb4fa86562a286ff0000dc48fe.pdf?sfvrsn=0
94. or a lack of affordable childcare: A quarter of female business owners surveyed by the Federation of Small Businesses said they believed that a lack of available and affordable childcare stopped women starting up alone, https://www.fsb.org.uk/docs/default-source/fsb-org-uk/fsb-women-in-enterprise-the-untapped-potentialfebc2bbb4fa86562a286ff0000dc48fe.pdf?sfvrsn=0
95. That’s an awful lot of money we’re not seeing because women’s full potential isn’t being realized: It’s estimated that women would add £150 billion extra to the UK economy by 2025 if more of us started our own businesses, https://www.womensbusinesscouncil.co.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2017/02/DfE-WBC-Two-years-on-report_update_AW_CC.pdf
96. Women who are self-employed earn £243 a week on average compared to £428 in full-time employment: https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/work/trends/megatrends/self-employment
97. People who work for themselves are more likely to feel satisfied than those in other employment: https://www.cipd.co.uk/Images/more-selfies_2018-a-picture-of-self-employment-in-the-UK_tcm18-37250.pdf
98. and a key argument is that diversity is good for the bottom line: There is much research in this area but here are two typical examples. Companies in the top 25 per cent for gender diversity were 21 per cent more likely to have above average financial returns. Companies that had improved racial and ethnic diversity were 33 per cent more likely to outperform industry peers, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/delivering-through-diversity. Businesses with more women on the board outperformed those with fewer women by up to 84 per cent on three key financial criteria, http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/bottom-line-corporate-performance-and-womens-representation-boards-2004-2008
99. maximize shareholder value – otherwise known as making the most money: https://www.ft.com/content/e392f12c-adac-11e2-82b8-00144feabdc0
100. The idea of maximizing profits took hold: https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2013/07/09/ft-urges-business-schools-to-stop-teaching-the-worlds-dumbest-idea/#295afd7f2554
101. In 1989, it was fifty-nine times and in 1965 a mere twenty: https://www.epi.org/publication/ceo-pay-remains-high-relative-to-the-pay-of-typical-workers-and-high-wage-earners/
102. a CEO makes £129 for every pound the average employee makes. In 1987, it was £45: https://www.cipd.co.uk/Images/7571-ceo-pay-in-the-ftse100-report-web_tcm18-26441.pdf
103. and will make up three-quarters of the global workforce by 2025: http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-global-generations-a-global-study-on-work-life-challenges-across-generations/$FILE/EY-global-generations-a-global-study-on-work-life-challenges-across-generations.pdf
104. flexible working and aversion to excessive overtime: Ibid.
105. Millennials place greater importance on team cohesion, supervisor support and flexibility: Ibid.
106. The good news is that almost half of us in the UK don’t work for the big hitters: http://smallbusiness.co.uk/smes-driving-employment-levels-2539643/
107. core belief that the way business works should enable ‘everyone to do the work they love’: https://www.workspace.co.uk/community/homework/technology/the-ai-business-disrupting-how-you-run-your-office
108. Then the players turned up at his house, asked him to return, and he decided to do so but start again from scratch: http://www.espn.co.uk/football/uefa-europa-league/0/blog/post/3203187/ostersunds-fk-tiny-swedish-team-believe-they-can-dominate-european-football and https://www.theguardian.com/football/copa90/2018/feb/22/ostersunds-club-sweden-arsenal-europa-league
109. working with local refugee centres and putting on a stage show of Swan Lake: http://www.espn.co.uk/football/uefa-europa-league/0/blog/post/3203187/ostersunds-fk-tiny-swedish-team-believe-they-can-dominate-european-football
110. almost half of straight white men do so too: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/about-deloitte/us-inclusion-uncovering-talent-paper.pdf
111. appraisal and get that [grade] four […], which means that they stay where they are: https://live.ft.com/Events/2017/FT-Women-At-The-Top?=&v=5602645847001
112. Ulukaya decided he wanted to make a difference: https://nrf.com/blog/the-chobani-way-insights-build-culture-and-community
113. employees got full healthcare and were paid above the minimum wage: https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/chobani-ceo-refugee-immigrant-hamdi-ulukaya_us_58189ac4e4b0990edc336cab
114. worth more than $1 million to the longest-standing workers, when it is floated or sold: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/27/business/a-windfall-for-chobani-employees-stakes-in-the-company.html
115. Today 10 per cent of Chobani’s profits go to charity: https://givingpledge.org/Pledger.aspx?id=304
116. to challenge what Ulukaya believes is a broken system of mass food production: https://chobaniincubator.com/about/
117. Some 30 per cent of Chobani workers are refugees: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dApJnaaNwQY
118. Ulukaya has pledged to give the majority of his personal wealth to humanitarian causes: https://givingpledge.org/Pledger.aspx?id=304
119. Its aim is to aid twenty million dispossessed men, women and children: https://www.tent.org/about/
120. World Economic Forum in 2016. ‘We can do what entrepreneurs do best: hack the way we handle this problem’: http://money.cnn.com/2016/01/20/news/refugees-business-davos-opinion/
121. Ulukaya has been attacked by the far right and received death threats: https://www.fastcompany.com/3068681/how-chobani-founder-hamdi-ulukaya-is-winning-americas-culture-war
122. ‘from my experience [that] the minute the refugee has a job, that’s the minute they stop being a refugee’: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dApJnaaNwQY
123. ‘the only way we could be more professionally equal is if we were the same person,’ wrote Hadley Freeman: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/mar/03/spot-working-mother-happy-busy-caretaker
124. ‘and have a much broader concept about what a good man is’: https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/400160/women-and-work/
125. Some 7.3 million British workers are now working flexibly: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/adhocs/005248peopleinemploymentwithaflexibleworkingpatternbygender
126. just 12 per cent of positions with salaries over £20,000 are advertised as such: http://timewise.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Timewise-Flexible-Jobs-Index-2017.pdf
127. offer time and help to nurseries in exchange for fee reductions of up to 50 per cent, is well established: https://b.3cdn.net/nefoundation/c142e402b391ed2097_z7m6ibzpa.pdf
128. offset by increased taxes, National Insurance and VAT payments, as well as a reduced benefits bill: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/may/23/britain-productivity-crisis-meghan-duchess-female-empowerment
129. then scale up to a maximum of £4 per hour for those with a salary of more than £66,000: https://www.familyandchildcaretrust.org/creating-anti-poverty-childcare-system
130. 91 per cent of the costs are recouped through tax breaks, employee retention and employee engagement: https://www.fastcompany.com/3062792/patagonias-ceo-explains-how-to-make-onsite-child-care-pay-for-itself
131. The company also has around a fifty:fifty gender split in management: https://work.qz.com/806516/the-secret-to-patagonias-success-keeping-moms-and-onsite-child-care-and-paid-parental-leave/
132. which has health and emotional benefits for them and their children: https://www.oecd.org/policy-briefs/parental-leave-where-are-the-fathers.pdf
133. around 3 per cent of working fathers have taken it: https://www.ft.com/content/2c4e539c-9a0d-11e7-a652-cde3f882dd7b
134. About half of the fathers surveyed in 2017 said they would take SPL: http://www.workingfamilies.org.uk/news/half-of-fathers-would-use-shared-parental-leave-survey-finds/
135. report that they have been sacked after asking about family-friendly policies: http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/women-and-equalities-committee/news-parliament-2015/fathers-workplace-evidence1-16-17/
136. could take up to a year of leave on full pay after the birth or adoption of a child: https://media.netflix.com/en/company-blog/starting-now-at-netflix-unlimited-maternity-and-paternity-leave
137. Aviva now offers twenty-six weeks’ leave on full basic pay to its employees: https://www.aviva.com/newsroom/news-releases/2017/11/Aviva-announces-equal-paid-parental-leave/
138. would earn less than their female partners have been upheld by employment tribunals: https://pjhlaw.co.uk/employment-tribunal-procedure/enhanced-paternity-pay
139. government to look at introducing ring-fenced leave for fathers as an alternative to shared parental leave: https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/women-and-equalities-committee/news-parliament-2017/fathers-and-the-workplace-report-17-19/
140. Iceland and Germany, where the financial offer is much more robust: When the Swedish government introduced a ‘use it or lose it’ policy, the introduction of the ‘daddy month’ saw take-up shoot up from under 10 per cent to almost half of fathers, http://www.tavinstitute.org/news/shared-parental-leave-minimal-impact-gender-equality/
In 2000, Icelandic fathers and mothers were both given three months’ parental leave – at 80 per cent of their average salary – and a further three months to share between them. In 2017, nearly three-quarters of Icelandic fathers took time off, https://grapevine.is/news/2017/04/06/fewer-men-taking-paternity-leave/
When the Germans introduced two paid bonus months, the number of fathers taking leave increased by 50 per cent. Within six years of the policy being introduced, a third of German dads were taking time off, http://oecdinsights.org/2016/03/08/international-womens-day-what-fathers-can-do-for-gender-equality/
141. Just 2 per cent of fathers took advantage of the leave available in 2015: https://qz.com/928022/japan-leads-the-world-in-paid-paternity-but-fails-on-nearly-every-other-measure-of-workplace-gender-equality/
142. regularly overworking causes a significantly increased risk of everything from strokes to diabetes: https://www.tuc.org.uk/international-issues/europe/workplace-issues/work-life-balance/15-cent-increase-people-working-more
143. ‘Oh, you’re off early again’: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmwomeq/358/358.pdf
144. Corner shops ran out of sausages as dads rushed to find something easy to cook for tea: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34602822
145. ‘It completely paralysed the country and opened the eyes of many men’: Ibid.
146. she posted a simple message on the Facebook page of a political group: ‘I think we should march’: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-women/hawaii-grandmas-plea-launches-womens-march-in-washington-idUSKBN13U0GW
147. the crisis of extreme masculinity, which is this sort of behaviour: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jT-0Tr0vgCo
148. sexual harassment at work and the most common perpetrators were senior colleagues: https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/ending-sexual-harassment-at-work.pdf
149. ‘a lack of consistent, effective action on the part of too many employers’: Ibid.
150. those under twenty-eight, and women directors or board members: https://gender.bitc.org.uk/system/files/research/project_28-40_the_report.pdf
151. including the ability to feed our families and preserve our reputations: http://time.com/5018813/farmworkers-solidarity-hollywood-sexual-assault/
152. Barely one in ten UK women earn equal to or more on average than their male colleagues: Just 11.2 per cent of UK women earn equal or more on average than their male colleagues, https://ig.ft.com/gender-pay-gap-UK/
153. ‘I felt a sap,’ she wrote. ‘For years I had been subsidizing other people’s lifestyles’: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sarah-montague-on-her-gender-pay-gap-im-furious-about-being-paid-less-than-men-at-the-bbc-t9vkfjqk0
