New Vocabulary
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AUXILIARY VERBS |
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dăsuan |
plan |
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COVERBS |
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duì |
to, toward |
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tóng |
with |
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yòng |
using, with |
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yóu |
by |
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IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS |
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hăo lei |
“all right,” “O.K.” |
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suíbiàn |
“as you wish” |
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MEASURES |
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dào |
(for courses of food) |
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liăng |
ounce (50 grams) |
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píng |
bottle |
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wăn |
bowl |
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zhuō |
(for banquets) |
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NOUNS |
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biāozhŭn |
level |
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cài |
dish of food |
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càidān(r) |
menu |
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chăofàn |
fried rice |
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chăomiàn |
fried noodles |
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chāzi |
fork |
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dàn |
egg |
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dāozi |
knife |
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dòufu |
tofu |
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fànwăn |
rice bowl |
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fēngwèi(r) |
special local flavor |
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jīdàn |
chicken egg |
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jíshì |
urgent matter |
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jiŭ |
liquor |
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jiŭxí |
banquet |
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kuàizi |
chopsticks |
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làjiāo |
hot pepper |
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lĕngpán(r) |
cold dish |
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mántou |
steamed bun |
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măyĭ |
ant |
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mĭ |
rice (uncooked) |
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mĭfàn |
rice (cooked) |
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pánzi |
dish, plate |
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píjiŭ |
beer |
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píngzi |
bottle |
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ròusī(r) |
meat shred |
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sháozi |
spoon |
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shù |
tree |
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tāng |
soup |
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tiánshí |
dessert |
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Xīcān |
Western-style food |
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xĭshŏujiān |
bathroom |
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Zhōngcān |
Chinese-style food |
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zhŭshí |
staple/main food |
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zhŭxí |
chairman |
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PARTICLES |
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lei |
(sentence final particle) |
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PATTERNS |
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duì...shúxi |
be familiar with... |
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tóng...liánxì |
contact (someone) |
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yĭbiàn... |
so that... |
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PHRASES |
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jīdàn tāng |
egg soup |
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Mápó Dòufu |
Pockmarked Old Woman’s Tofu |
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Măyĭ Shàngshù |
Ants Climbing a Tree |
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Yúxiāng Ròusī |
Fish Fragrant Meat Shreds |
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PLACE WORDS |
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Dōngbĕi |
the Northeast, Manchuria |
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fànguăn(r) |
restaurant |
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PRONOUNS |
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zámmen |
we (you and I) |
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zìjĭ |
oneself |
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RESULTATIVE COMPOUNDS |
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liúxià |
leave behind |
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shòubuliăo |
not to be able to endure |
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RESULTATIVE ENDINGS |
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-liăo |
be able to |
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-xià |
down |
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STATIVE VERBS |
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gāojí |
be high-class |
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gòu |
be enough |
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kŭ |
be bitter |
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là |
be peppery hot |
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shúxi |
be familiar |
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suān |
be sour |
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tián |
be sweet |
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xián |
be salty |
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VERBS |
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cānjiā |
take part in |
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diăn |
order, choose |
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dìng |
reserve, book |
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fàng |
put, place |
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fēn |
divide, separate |
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gūjì |
reckon, estimate |
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hē |
drink |
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liánxì |
contact |
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măn |
reach a certain age or time limit |
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pà |
fear |
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pèi |
coordinate, arrange |
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shòu |
endure, suffer |
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xĭ |
wash |
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yòng |
use |
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VERB-OBJECT COMPOUNDS |
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diăncài |
order dishes of food |
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shàngcài |
bring food to a table |
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zuòfàn |
cook |
Major New Grammar Patterns
QUESTION WORDS AS INDEFINITES: Nĕige dōu xíng. “Any one will do.”, Năr dōu yíyàng. “It’s the same everywhere.”, Wŏ shémme dōu chī. “I eat everything.”, Tā shéi yĕ bù xĭhuan. “She likes no one.” (14-1)
DUŌ AND SHĂO BEFORE VERBS TO INDICATE “MORE” AND “LESS”: Duō kàn yìdiănr shū. “Read more books.”, Shăo fàng diănr làjiāo. “Put in fewer hot peppers.” (14-2)
AFTERTHOUGHTS: Yŏu píjiŭ ma, nín zhèr? “Do you have beer here?” (14-2)
THE COVERB YÓU “FROM, BY”: Cài shi nín zìjĭ diăn ne, háishi yóu wŏmen pèi ne? “Will you order the dishes yourself, or should they be arranged by us?” (14-4)
DUÌ...SHÚXI: Wŏ duì nĭmen Dōngbĕi fēngwèirde cài bú tài shúxi. “I’m not very familiar with your Manchurian cuisine.” (14-4)
TÓNG...LIÁNXÌ: Qĭng nín tóng wŏmen liánxì. “Please contact us.” (14-4)
YĬBIÀN...: Qĭng liúxià nínde xìngmíng, dìzhĭ, diànhuà, yĭbiàn wŏmen tóng nín liánxì. “Please leave your name, address, and phone number, so that we can contact you.” (14-4)