New Vocabulary
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AUXILIARY VERBS |
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yīng |
should |
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COVERBS |
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dài |
for, on behalf of |
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guānyú |
about, concerning |
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lián |
even |
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xiàng |
toward, to |
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EXPRESSIONS |
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duì-dá-rú-liú |
reply to questions fluently |
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jiào-xué-yŏu-fāng |
have an especially effective method in one’s teaching |
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IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS |
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mámahūhū |
so-so, fair |
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nărde huà |
“not at all” |
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INTERJECTIONS |
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āiya |
“gosh” |
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MEASURES |
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mén |
(for courses) |
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piān |
(for theses, reports, essays) |
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NOUNS |
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bàogào |
report |
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bāoguŏ |
package, parcel |
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bìng |
illness, disease |
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chéngjī |
grade (on test or in course) |
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cíhuì |
vocabulary |
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fāyīn |
pronunciation |
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gōngfu |
time |
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jiéguŏ |
result |
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jìnbù |
progress |
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kăoshì |
test |
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lùnwén |
thesis, dissertation |
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máfan |
trouble |
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míngxìnpiàn |
picture postcard |
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shīmŭ |
wife of one’s teacher |
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xìn |
letter |
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xuéfēn |
credit, credit hour |
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xuéqī |
semester, term |
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yóupiào |
stamp |
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yŭfă |
grammar |
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zérèn |
responsibility |
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PATTERNS |
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dài A xiàng B wènhăo |
on behalf of A convey regards to B |
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...hòu |
after... |
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hái bú shi... |
if it isn’t... |
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lián...dōu... |
even |
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yŏu yìdiăn(r)... |
be a little... |
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PHRASES |
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bìyè lùnwén |
honors thesis |
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duō kuī |
be thanks to |
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lái diànhuà |
call on the telephone |
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qīmò kăoshì |
final examination |
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qīzhōng kăoshì |
mid-term examination |
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shuō shízàide |
to tell the truth |
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xuéqī bàogào |
term paper |
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yào bú shi |
if not, if it weren’t for |
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zhí dào |
straight up to, until |
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PLACE WORDS |
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wòfáng |
bedroom |
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RESULTATIVE COMPOUNDS |
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kăoyūn |
become dizzy from testing |
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păolai |
run over here, come over |
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păoqu |
run over there |
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RESULTATIVE ENDINGS |
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-yūn |
dizzy |
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STATIVE VERBS |
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biāozhŭn |
be standard |
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liúlì |
be fluent |
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yūn |
be dizzy |
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SURNAMES |
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Dīng |
Ding |
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VERBS |
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bìng |
get sick |
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gàobié |
bid farewell |
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huā |
spend (money, time) |
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jì |
send |
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jìn |
carry out, fulfill |
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jìnbù |
progress |
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kăo |
take a test |
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liú |
ask someone to stay |
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păo |
run |
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shēngchăn |
produce |
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tăng |
lie down |
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tiān |
add |
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tiē |
stick |
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xiū |
study, take (courses, credits) |
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xuăn |
choose, select |
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zhuàn |
earn |
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VERB + POSTVERB |
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jìgĕi |
send to |
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VERB-OBJECT COMPOUNDS |
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huāqián |
spend money |
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kăoshì |
test |
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láixìn |
send a letter |
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păobù |
run |
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zhuànqián |
earn money |
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zhuănyăn |
blink the eyes, glance |
Major New Grammar Patterns
DIFFERENT WAYS TO EXPRESS “SICK”: Tā bìngle. “She’s sick.”, Tā méiyou bìng. “She’s not sick.” (19-1)
DIFFERENT WORDS FOR “TIME”: Nĭ yŏu méiyou gōngfu?/Nĭ yŏu méiyou kòng(r)?/Nĭ yŏu méiyou shíjiān? “Do you have free time?”, Nĭ shémme shíhou qù? “What time will you go?”, Yào duō cháng shíjiān? “How much time will it take?” (19-1)
REDUPLICATION OF MEASURES AND NOUNS TO MEAN “EACH” OR “EVERY”: rénrén “everybody,” tiāntiān “every day,” niánnián “every year” (19-1)
YŎU (YÌ)DIĂNR + VERB: Wŏ yŏu diănr yūn. “I’m a little dizzy.”, Wŏ yŏu diănr è. “I’m a bit hungry.”, Cài yŏu yìdiănr là. “The food is a little spicy hot.” (19-1)
REDUPLICATED STATIVE VERBS AS ADVERBS: hăohāor(de) “well,” mànmānr(de) “slowly,” kuàikuār(de) “quickly” (19-2)
INVERTED SUBJECT AND VERB FOR UNSPECIFIED SUBJECTS: Lái kèrén le. “A guest has come.”, Sĭle bù shăo rén. “A lot of people died.” (19-3)
LIÁN...DLU... AND LIÁN...YĔ...: Lián wŏ dōu huì. “Even I know.”, Tā lián yíkuài qián yĕ méiyou. “He doesn’t have even one dollar.” (19-3)
YÀO BÚ SHI...: Yào bú shi nín jiào-xué-yŏu-fāng, wŏ yĕ bù kĕnéng jìnbùde zhèmme kuài. “If it weren’t for your excellent teaching, I wouldn’t have been able to progress so quickly.” (19-4)
DÀI A XIÀNG B WÈNHĂO: Dài wŏ xiàng nĭde fùmŭ wènhăo. “Send my regards to your parents.” (19-4)