Books
Bates, Brian. The Real Middle Earth: Magic and Mystery in the Dark Ages. London: Pan Books, 2002.
Battles, Paul. “Dwarfs in Germanic Literature: Deutsche Mythologie or Grimm’s Myths?” in Tom Shippey, ed. The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm’s Mythology of the Monstrous. Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2005.
Byock, Jesse L. The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki. New York: Penguin Books, 1998.
———. The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer. New York: Penguin Books, 1990.
Carpenter, Humphrey. The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien. Selected and edited by Humphrey Carpenter with the assistance of Christopher Tokien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1981.
Carter, Lin. Tolkien: A Look Behind the Lord of the Rings. New York: Ballantine Books, 1969.
Christiansen, Reidar, ed. Folktales of Norway. Translated by Pat Shaw Iverson. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1964.
Desmond, Helen E. “Transportation”. in From the Passaiack to the Wach Unks. Berkeley Heights, New Jersey: The Historical Society of Berkeley Heights, 1977.
Ellis, Hilda Roderick. The Road to Hel: A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature. New York: Greenwood Press, 1968.
Eskeröd, Albert. Swedish Folk Art. Stockholm: Nordiska Museet, 1964.
Evans-Wentz, W. Y. The Fairy Faith in Celtic Countries. First published 1911. Republished 2007 by Forgotten Books.
Gebühr, Michael. Nydam und Thorsberg: Opferplätze der Eisenzeit. Schleswig, Germany: Verein zur Förderung des Archäologischen Landesmuseums e.V., Schloss Gottorf, 2000.
Gelling, Peter, and Hilda Ellis Davidson. The Chariot of the Sun and Other Rites and Symbols of the Northern Bronze Age. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1969.
Glob, P. V. Denmark: An Archaeological History from the Stone Age to the Vikings. Translated from the Danish by Joan Bulman. Itchaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1971.
———. The Mound People: Danish Bronze-Age Man Preserved. Translated from the Danish by Joan Bulman. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1970.
Hammond, Wayne G., and Christina Scull. The Art of the Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012.
Kirk, Robert. The Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns and Fairies. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2008.
Kvideland, Reimund, and Henning K. Sehmsdorf, eds. Scandinavian Folk Belief and Legend. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988.
Larrington, Carolyne. The Poetic Edda. Oxford: Oxford Unersity Press, 2014.
Lindow, John. Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals and Beliefs. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
———. Swedish Legends and Folktales. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1978.
McIntosh, Jane. Handbook to Life in Prehistoric Europe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
McNeill, F. Marian. Scottish Folklore and Folk-belief. The Silver Bough, Volume One. Glasgow: William Maclellan, 1977.
Ojakangas, Beatrice. The Great Scandinavian Baking Book. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1988.
Oliver, Neil. The Vikings: A New History. New York: Pegasus Books, 2013.
Olrik, Axel. A Book of Danish Ballads. Translated by E. M. Smith-Dampier. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1939.
Raedisch, Linda. “Children of the Reeds: Adventures in a Not-So-Imaginary Place”. in Llewellyn’s 2017 Witches’ Companion. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Worldwide, 2016.
———. “The Old Ways: The Dance of the Elves” and “The Old Ways: Fairy Gifts”. in Llewellyn’s 2014 Sabbats Almanac. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Worldwide, 2013.
———. “A Place in the Sun: the Lur of the Nordic Bronze Age”. in Llewellyn’s 2016 Witches’ Companion. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Worldwide, 2015.
Shippey, Tom. The Road to Middle-earth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2003.
———. “Alias Oves Habeo: The Elves as a Category Problem”. in Tom Shippey, ed. The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm’s Mythology of the Monstrous. Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2005.
Simpson, Jacqueline. Icelandic Folktales and Legends. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1979.
Sturluson, Snorri. Heimskringla: or, Lives of the Norse Kings. Translated by Erling Monsen and A. H. Smith. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1990.
———. The Prose Edda. Translated by Jesse L. Byock. New York: Penguin, 2005.
Thorsson, Onolfur, ed. The Sagas of the Icelanders: A Selection. New York: Viking, 1997.
Tolkien, Christopher. The Saga of King Heidrek the Wise. Translated from the Icelandic with Introduction, Notes, and Appendices by Christopher Tolkien. New York: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1960.
Tolkien, J. R. R. Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary: Together with Sellic Spell. Edited by Christopher Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2014.
———. The Fellowship of the Ring. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club, 1995.
———. The Hobbit. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997.
———. Tolkien On Fairy-Stories: Expanded Edition, with Commentary and Notes. Edited by Verlyn Flieger and Douglas A. Anderson. London: Harper Collins, 2008.
———. The Return of the King. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club, 1995.
Other
Apel, Jan. “Ancient DNA sheds light on the mysterious origins of the first Scandinavians.” January 10, 2018. theconversation.com/ancient-dna-sheds-light-on-the-mysterious-origins-of-the-first-scandinavians-89703. Accessed May 28, 2018.
Bauwens, Joe. “Interpreting the life history of the Egtved Girl.” June 19, 2015. sciencythoughts.blogspot.com. Accessed May 17, 2018.
Durán, Laila. “Ellakors, Sållakors och Penningakors—the power and meaning of costume silver.” www.durantextiles.com/newsletter/images/6-09/art2/penningkors_eng.pdf. Accessed June 6, 2019.
“dweorge-dwostle.” oldenglish-plantnames.org/lemma/full_lemma/335-dweorge-dwostle. Updated April 27, 2011. Accessed May 1, 2018.
Goldhahn, Joachim. “Rock art for the dead and un-dead: Reflections on the significance of the hand stones in Late Bronze Age Scandinavia.” www.rockartscandinavia.com. Accessed June 26, 2018.
“The Hjortspring Boat;” “Hjortspringboaten’s sister Tilia Alsie;” “The Rørby swords—curved swords from the bronze age.” Nationalmuseet Denmark, Copenhagen. en.natmus.dk. Accessed June 30, 2018.
Woodruff, Andy. “Norumbega, New England’s lost city of riches and Vikings.” May 24, 2010. andywoodruff.com/blog/norumbega-new-englands-lost-city-of-riches-and-vikings/. Accessed June 30, 2018.