Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
Abrams, Gen. Creighton, 364, 393, 449
Abzug, Bella, 19
Adams, Rezsin, 61–66
Adams, Theodore S., 60–67
Age distribution of those who died in action, 81, 82
Agnew, Spiro T., 233
Aircraft:
antipersonnel weapons spread by, 194
B-52 (bomber), 212
Christmas bombing (1972), 58–59, 134, 212–13, 218, 319
Ho Chi Minh trail bombing, 104–7, 306
Lam Son 719 and, 172
lost (December 1972), 58
and NLF fighting conditions, 258
operational ceiling of, 211
F-4 (fighter bomber), 211
F-105 (fighter bomber), 102
F-111 (fighter bomber), 58
FAC, 211
Long Tri destroyed by, 238
operational ceiling of fighter bombers, reconnaissance and electronic warfare, 211
used by the French (Morane, Spitfire, Dakota), 258
see also Bombing; Helicopters
Alabama, casualties from, 268
Alaska, casualties from, 268
Albert, Carl, 30–31
Allen, Douglas, 418–23
Alsup, Lt. Bill, 87
Alsup, Michelle, 87
Alton (corpsman), 41–42, 46
American Bar Association, 502
American Civil Liberties Union, 184
American Friends Service Committee, 78, 485
Americans:
with American solutions to Vietnamese problems, 386
anxious for villagers to see Diem, 401
arrive in South Vietnam (1956), 371, 373, 380–83
Asians manipulated by, 401, 402
bombing of North Vietnam as viewed by, 53, 60
bombing of Hanoi (1972) as remote, 212
Calley as viewed by, 52–53, 244, 251, 496
and cease-fire, 60–61
see also Paris peace talks
and children as pimps, 128
and democracy in South Vietnam, 143, 399
distinguished from Asians, 322
D. Sulzberger on approach of, to foreign countries, 446
farmers, and the war, 236
feelings of, at presumed war’s end (1973), 49–54
the French compared with, 382–85
Hickey on, 394–97
and library books on the war, 239
life of, in Saigon (1970), 54–58
memorials by, see Memorials
with no national memory, 81, 241
and plight of children prisoners, 131
The Quiet American view of, 408–11
reactions to being asked how they feel about the war, 123
reactions to My Lai massacre, 52
Todd on their relation to the war, 233–34
Vietnamese who worked for, 423–30
view of war as more than well-intentioned mistake among, 487
views of the war among (1976), 506
wanting to keep out of trouble or involvement, 244, 246
the war as impossible to understand for, 155
the war seen as flash of lightning (1975), 154
well-meaning plans of, 329–34
see also Antiwar movement; Children; Poetry; Reporters; U.S. soldiers
American Samoa, casualties from, 270
American Servicemen’s Union, 179
Americans for Amnesty, 501
Ammunition, see Weapons and ammunition
Amnesty:
for the Army, 335–36
clemency program (1974), 183–86
applications and processing by clemency board, 184
conditions of, 183, 185
failure of, 185
conference on (1973), effect on Perrin family, 182
debate on, among lawyers (1975), 503–4
and “Home With Honor” parade, 38
suffering as preferable to, 359
those in need of, total numbers, 184–86
unconditional and universal, 38, 183, 460–61, 487, 501, 504
women in movement for, 42–43
workshop on, 42
see also AWOL; Deserters; Draft evaders
Amnesty Week (Feb. 22–28), 46
Anderson, William E., 469–72
Andrews, Ira, 78
Anh Ba (nickname; prisoner), 473–75
Antipersonnel weapons, see Weapons and ammunition
Anti-Semitism directed at Hersh, 52–53
Antiwar demonstrations:
characteristics and effects of, 153
Chicago (1968), 432, 513–16
in connection with Nixon inauguration (Jan. 1969), 431–35
construction workers attack demonstrators (1970), 405
die-ins, 277–80
Foreign Service officer in, 429
as form of violence, 240
as a lark, 213
March Against Death, R. Genest’s name and, 364
National Guard used in, 433, 513, 516
against 1971 presidential elections in South Vietnam, see Elections
rats released at, 279
trial of antiwar veterans for, 28–29
see also Vietnam Veterans Against the War
University of Vermont (May 1972), 117–18
as useless, 97
using blood in, see Blood
Antiwar movement:
American humanitarianism “twisted” into support for, 464
antiwar sentiments of Foreign Service officer, 425, 429
and antiwar statements by prisoners-of-war, 299, 300, 315–16
Bardstown view of, 200
and blindness of people, 279
on campuses, 62
see also Students
Center for Vietnamese Studies opposed by, 422
complaining of violence of, 431
and cost of fuel for the war, 486
defoliation protested, 477
and editors of the New York Times, 473
feminist movement and, 8–9
as fulfilling, 278
to get on television, seen as motive of members, 246
growth of, 164
and International Voluntary Services members, 477
see also Luce, Don
K. Morris on his students’ views of, 251
as a lark for a sheltered generation, 213
lives saved by, 466–67
as making no difference, 117
“manipulate” S. Garrod, 96
need for resisters to offer themselves up, 6
organizes celebration of end of war, 19, 20
and patriotism, 357–58
people in, characterized in periods during and after war, 395–97, 429–30
and research organizations, 381
Rhodes transformed by being in, 77–78
sense of futility in, 465
sixties’ radical view of (in 1976), 509
and unconditional amnesty, 183
see also Amnesty
underground group, 176
university professor as target of, 411–20
use of memories and learning from, 506
U.S. policy supporter’s views of, 232
vehement opposition stirred by, 65–66
Vietnamese in, and SIU, 422
see also Amnesty; Antiwar demonstrations; and specific organizations
Arellano, Oscar, 402
Arizona, casualties from, 268
Arkansas, casualties from, 269
Arnett, Peter, 25
Arnold, Jack, 217
Artillery, see Weapons and ammunition
ARVN (Army of the Republic of South Vietnam), see South Vietnamese army; South Vietnamese soldiers
Atrocities, see My Khe massacre; My Lai massacre; Quang Tin province
AWOL (absent without leave):
Bucklin, 37
eligible for clemency, numbers of, 185
and Lam Son 719, 171
Perrin, town newspaper headline and, 177
S. Garrod, 92
Bach Mai Hospital (Hanoi), 58, 293
Baez, Joan, 18, 25, 78, 134
Ballard, Bobby, 214
Banks (fictitious name), 315
Bao, Mr. (fictitious name), 490–98
Bao Cao (nickname for North Vietnamese prisoner-of-war camp), 306–7, 309
Bao Dai (Emperor), 24, 378, 387
Bardstown (Ky.), 188–223
celebrates return of prisoners-of-war, 216–22
characteristics of, 188–91
citizens of, killed in action, 189–200, 207
memorials in, 191–92, 208
mourning and memorial service in, 196–98
Vietnam veterans of:
D. Parrish, 202–8
H. Moore, 200, 216
M. Guthrie, 208–16, 219
views of mayor of, 197–202
Bean, Col. James E., 216–22
Bean, Jeanette, 218, 220
Bean, Mary Powers, 218, 220–22
Beardsley, Clint, 240–41
Beaver, Col. Reinard, 283
Beeler, Mrs. B. L., 218
Ben Het (Special Forces camp), 449–51
Benson, Byron D., xi
Berkeley, Randolph, 469–70
Berkowitz, Michael, 54
Bernardi, Cynthia, 15
Berrigan, Father Daniel, 20, 73, 219
Berrigan, Father Phillip, 219
“Best of the Pact” (contest for passes), 87–88
Big Minh (Gen. Duong Van Minh), 23, 25, 144
Binh, Private (South Vietnamese soldier), 172–73, 382
Binh Dinh province, pacification program in (1966), 115–16
Bishop Gibbons High School, 16–17
Blacks:
and Bardstown memorial service, 198
and civil-rights movement, 404
hating, compared with Vietnamese hatred for Americans, 216
Luce and, 482
see also U.S. soldiers
Blood, 275–82
characteristics of, according to wounds, 276
as symbol of protest:
liver-stained bandages, 276–77
mixture of oatmeal, ketchup and make-up foundations, 277, 280
real blood, 281–82
red tempera paint, 281
of Vietnamese, 275
cocoanut milk used in transfusions, 4
Blumenthal, Ralph, 282–86
Blunt, James, 86–87
B Med (field hospital), and operation Lam Son 719, 157–62
Bolling, Richard, 512
Bombers, see Aircraft
Bombing:
of Cambodia, 29, 61, 69
end of (Aug. 1973), 79
in Mayaguez incident, 43–46, 51
in secret, 337
vote to stop (June 1973), 73
child’s view of, 134
fire, of U.S. equipment (1971), 145, 146
of Ho Chi Minh trail, 104–7, 306
injury as purpose of, 77
McGovern opposing policy of (1965), 517
of North Vietnam:
Americans’ view of, 53, 60
of Haiphong (Apr. 1972), 309
of Hanoi (Dec. 1972), 58–59, 134, 212, 218, 318–20
and report by Salisbury, 239
scene of destroyed landscape (1968), 306
statistics on (1972), 58–59
total tonnage dropped, 490
opposition to (1966), 477
Bong Son, fighting around, 115, 118
Boonie hats, 86, 264
Boonies (terrain), 90
Boston, Helen, 42–43
Boston, Ronald, 42
Boston Five, 30
Braddell, Maurice, 51
Branch, Earl, 321
Branch, Michael, 310–15, 321–23
Branch, Mrs. Earl, 321
Branfman, Fred, 463–66
Branfman, Thoa, 464–65, 466
Branigin, Roger, 223–24
Brewster, Kingman, Jr., 47
Brown, Harold Milton, 196, 207
Browne, Mal, 23, 24
Brummett, Richard H., 286–92
Bubonic plague, incidence of, 490
Buckley, James L., 183
Buckley, Kevin, 441
Bucklin, Richard, 37, 186
Bui Diem, 500
Bundy, McGeorge, 47, 456, 506
Bunker, Ellsworth, 47
and Isaacs’ resignation, 425
Luce and, 477–78
preparing memos for, on relocation projects, 393
on Saigon Yale Club, 56–58
and Thieu’s election (1971), 144
Burials (graves), see Cemeteries
Burke (soldier), 265
Burrows, Larry, 16
Butterfield, Fox, 23, 24
California:
casualties from, 269
reaction to Luce speaking in, 485
Calley, Lt. William:
approval of actions of, 52–53, 244, 251, 496
as criminal, 252
first reporter to write of, 51
Calloway, Howard, 40
Cambodia, 464
bombing of, see Bombing
and Indochina Resource Center, 479
invasion of (1970), 32, 69, 135, 172, 338
and Mayaguez incident, 43–46, 51, 83
Camden Twenty-Eight, 30
Cameron, Denis, 359–62
Canada, as refuge, 37, 174, 181, 182, 240, 504, 508
Canal Zone, casualties from, 270
Cao Lanh, 4
Capitalism, defense of, as reason for U.S. intervention in Vietnam, 152–53
Carmichael, Stokely, 176, 177
Carroll, Camp, 487
Carson, Laura, 162–66
Carson, Lt. Lane, 161–66
Carson, Virgil, 161, 165–66
Carter, Jimmy, 155, 461–62
Carthage (Tenn.), 239–54
views of Judge Beardsley, 240–41
Casualties:
on both sides (1973), 486
in 1972 bombing of Hanoi, 58
South Vietnamese civilian (1965–75), 489
from clearing land mines, x
total U.S.:
January 1961–April 1974, 81–82
January 1976, updated, 83
by state, 268–70
see also Dead, the; Deaths; Missing-in-action; Wounded
Cau Cong, 375
Cavanaugh, Jill, 363
Cavanaugh, Thomas, 363
CBS television:
Bardstown and:
town in the news (Jan. 1973; May 1975), 201–2, 222
town memorial service on, 197–98, 201
deserter interviewed on (1967), 176–77
Cease-fire agreements, see Geneva Accords; Geneva Conference; Paris peace talks
Cemeteries:
French, 373
U.S.:
Bardstown, 192
in demonstration honoring war dead, 454
Vietnamese, and ARVN soldier statue, 132–33
see also Dead, the
Center for the Study of Violence, 301
Center for Vietnam Studies, 414–16, 421–22
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 381
Gates and, xi–xii, 398, 403, 404
and universities, 412
Chagnon, Jacquelyn, 481–82, 483, 484
Chaplains, 282–86
resigned, to protest the war, 454
their relation to the war, 283–86
who served, total, 283
Chappel, Luther Malcolm, 196, 207
Chaumont-Guitry, Guy de, 374–78
Cheese (North Vietnamese prison official), 299, 310–15, 324
Cheyenne (Okla.), 234–39
Chicago Seven, 30
Chieu Hoi (“Open Arms” program), 401, 440, 441–48
Children:
Montagnard, 366
U.S.:
effect of war on M. Silberman, 133–35
odd ideas of what is good for male children, 266–67
think of running away, 133, 135
Vietnamese:
beating of, 130
boys imitating GIs, 330
death of, 250, 251
dogs not considered the equal of, by Vietnamese, 325
fleeing napalm, photograph of, 134
fund to help, 78
girls selling heroin, 328–29
interrogations of, 125–31
lectured to, on the war, 102
of North Vietnamese officer, photograph, 306
photograph of a girl kept in a Bible, to protect her, 6, 12
as pimps, 128
school built for, 285
treated medically in U.S., 464
Chin, Sister, 130
China, 220, 255
Christ:
chaplain disagrees with, 283
minister’s anger over analogy using, 484
Civic Action Program, 405–7
Civil Disturbance Unit (Washington, D.C.), 433–35
Civilian Irregular Defense Group, 365
Civil Operations and Rural Development Support (CORDS), 345, 425–28, 439–46, 469
Claiborne, Craig, 292–93
Clark, Ramsey, 185
Cleghorn, Claire, 281–82
Cleghorn, Steve, 281–82
Clemency program, see Amnesty
Clergy and Laity Concerned (CALC), 320–21, 487
Climate, 14, 370
Co, Sergeant (South Vietnamese soldier), 170–71, 382
Coffin, Rev. William Sloane, Jr., 499–500
Coke (antiwar activist), 278–79
Collins, David Burr, 196, 207
Colorado, casualties from, 269
Columbus Peace Education Council, 480
Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars, 421
Community for Creative Non-Violence, 282
Conex (closet-sized tin box), Vietnamese put in, 312
Cong Hoa Hospital, mental patients in, 149–50
Connecticut, casualties from, 269
Conscription, see Draft
Con Son Island:
“isolation” cells to replace tiger cages, 476
tiger cages on, xiv, 422, 485
continuing use of, uncovered, 469–76
Contest for passes (U.S. 25th Infantry Division), 87–88
Counter-inaugural demonstrations (1969; 1973), 431–35
Countryside, see Land
Cousineau, Madeleine, 281
Criminal Investigation Division (CID), 288–92
Cronkite, Walter, 285
Cu Chi (strategic hamlet):
ceremony at, 389–90
contest for passes to, 87–88
Curtis, Charlotte, xii
D-1 (prisoner-of-war camp), 309, 320
Dakseang (Special Forces camp), 365–67
Dalat, children’s prison at, 126
Daley, Richard, 513, 516
Danang, 173, 374
Dane, Barbara, 19
Dang, Van Song, 126–31
Daniel (black soldier), 18
Dau Tieng, contest for pass to, 87–88
David (medic), 6, 12, 223, 267
Davidson, Gen. Michael, 328
Davis, Brenda Kaye, 245–47
Davis, Harrison, 244, 246
Davis, Mildred, 244–47
Dead, the:
ARVN soldier statue and, 132
bodies of, buried not whole, 95
forgetting, 50–51
getting used to presence of, 511
in mortuary for Americans, 35
skull of, sent home as souvenir, 92–95
son of Le Van Phuoc, 238
taking revenge on, 27
cutting off their ears, 62, 312
Death, GI word for, 87
Deaths:
Australian, 392
French, officers and noncommissioned officers, 261
of Laotian prisoners, 303
U.S.:
Army method of notifying next of kin, 195–96
in attack on Special Forces camp, 392
from Bardstown, 189–200, 207
breakdown by state, 268–70
breaking up units to lower deaths from any one town, 206
draftees as percent of total deaths (1965–70), 347
in Mayaguez incident, 45
among missing, 83, 222
non-military funeral, 363
penalizing for, 88
politicians worry about small town reactions, 187–88
premonition of, 362–65
soldier language for, 87
total (Jan. 1961–Apr. 1974), 81–82
total updated (Jan. 1976), 83
volunteering vs. drafting and, 241–44
war deaths compared with highway deaths, 82, 209, 268, 356
Vietnamese:
in attack on fire base, 207
from bombing Ho Chi Minh trail, 104
from bombing raids on Hanoi, 58
in Bong Son campaign, 115
of Buddhist monks, 484
of Chinh’s father, 128
description of killing, 249
in Lam Son 719, 173
total South Vietnamese civilians (1965–75), 489
see also Dead, the
Deckard, Kendrick, 45
Decotean, Bill, 519
Defections, “Open Arms” program to encourage, 401, 440, 441–48
Defense Attaché Office (DAO), 492
Defoliation, see Land
Delaware, casualties from, 269
Delta (fire base), 171
Democracy in South Vietnam, 143, 399, 408
Democratic National Convention (Aug. 1968), demonstration at, 432, 513–16
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN):
independence of, declared (Sept. 1945), 254
see also North Vietnam
Demonstrations:
B. Graham and, against alcohol, 268
see also Antiwar demonstrations; Elections
Deserters:
aid to, 27, 39, 48
Canada and, 37, 174, 181, 182, 240, 504, 508
in France, 176–77
plight of (1976), 504
R. Perrin as, 174–83
Sweden and, 177
number of deserters in, 235
television interview of (1967), 176–77
W. L. Males as, 235
see also Amnesty
Dewey Canyon III demonstration (Apr. 1971), 453–57, 461
Diem, see Ngo Dinh Diem
Dien Bien Phu (May 1954), 252, 255, 373–74
Dillehay, Claudia, 239–40
Discharges, veterans with less than honorable, total, 461
see also Veterans
Diseases, see Illness and diseases
Dissenters:
South Vietnamese:
actions of, in 1971 presidential election, 144–52; see also Elections
composition of, 144–45, 150
and Southern Illinois University, 422
their history of war, 152–53
see also Antiwar movement; Deserters; and entries beginning with term: draft
District of Columbia, casualties from, 269
Ditty bags, 234
Doan Hong Hai, 480
Dogs, 325–27
G. Martin on perilous escape of, 488
Green Beret, 365
jewelry pin shaped like, 359
Luong on dealing with, 325
and dogs used to attack people, 327
New York City, 14
in 1964 civil-rights struggle, 510
on plaques of Army units, 379
portrait of L. Gates holding, 404
stop a war to fix, as GI characteristic, 354
Doolin, Dennis J., 58
Draft:
amnesty and persons not registered for, 185
law amended (1971), 502
monthly rate, 62
Draft boards, 241–44
Draft cards, burning of, 64, 136–37
Draft deferments, 242, 436, 441
Draft evaders:
critical view of, 122, 251
eligible for clemency, 185
joining National Guard as way of avoiding draft, 362
L. Ransom and, 499–500
North Vietnamese, 102–3
plight of (1976), 504
pride and guilt over being, 508
South Vietnamese, 132
see also Amnesty
Dreams:
of Bao, 497
Luong in, 507
Ngoan and, 107
prevalence of nightmares, 331
of R. Melvin, 247
of Tien, 106
Drowning and suffocation, deaths by, 82
Drugs:
addiction among veterans, 48
U.S. soldiers using, 205
heroin, xiv, 327–29
Duc Duc, 4, 5, 331–32
Duffy, Father Aeden, 69–70
Duong Van Minh, Gen. (Big Minh), 23, 25, 144
Dying (killed), GI words for, 87
Eastlake, William, 62
Eastland, James O., 45–46
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 138, 252, 255–56, 499
Elbert, Frederick, 321–23
Elections (South Vietnam):
burning voting cards and, 144, 147, 148
1956 elections never held, 255
number of registered voters for, 143
protesting 1971 presidential, 144–52
see also Nguyen Van Thieu
as required exercises, 143
U.S. equipment destroyed in 1971 election protests, 145, 146
Elliot, David, 272–73
Elliot, Mai, 272
Ellsberg, Daniel, 72, 74, 414
Emerson, Gloria (author):
background of, x–xi
early career of, xi–xii
in first trip to Vietnam, x–xi
Gates and, xi–xii
interview style of, xiv
reputation of, in Saigon, ix
writing style of, xv
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, xi
Emerson, William B., xi
Emma Goldman Brigade, 277–80
Enlisted men, see U.S. soldiers
Ervin, Sam J., Jr., 283
Esper, George, 24
Ewell, Gen. Julian J. (Bloody), 211–12
Exodus at war’s end, 49
see also Refugees
Fabrangen (group), 154
Fall, Bernard, 239, 440
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 37, 39, 432
Field hospitals:
B. Med as, during Lam Son 719, 157–62
J. Young operated on in the field, by North Vietnamese doctor, 303
Fighter bombers, see Aircraft
Filipinos, role of, in war, 401, 402
Finnigan, John, 279
Fire Support Base Tomahawk, 192–96, 202–8, 222
Fishel, Wesley, xiv, 387, 389, 411–20
Florida, casualties from, 269
Flynn, Joseph H., 57
Fonda, Jane, 219
Food:
apricots, squad of U.S. soldiers refusing to eat, 264, 266
Brummett on destruction of civilian, 287
children dig in U.S. garbage for, 330
extra rations for North Vietnamese officer, 106–7
and U.S. prisoner, 305
hot, in the field, for U.S. troops, 275
for J. Young, as prisoner, 304, 306, 310, 314–15
preparing Vietnamese, in Indochina exhibit, 484
song on bulgar wheat, 294
Ford, Gerald R., 40, 43–44, 50, 183, 184
Fox, Joe, 16
Fragmentation wounds, deaths from, 82
France:
American compared with the French, 382–85
deserters from U.S. in, 176–77
influence of, on Saigon, 371–73
Montagnards and, 388
Vietnamese war against, 252–61, 371, 381–82
Dien Bien Phu, 252, 255, 373–74
letters of Chaumont-Guitry on, 374–78
in World War II, 353–54
Franklin, Keith R., 139
Free-fire zones, 93–94, 236–37, 477
French language, 372, 378
French soldiers, 371
Friedheim, Jerry, 58
Friedman, Danny, 460
Friendshipment, 487
Fuel, cost of, for the war, 486
Fulbright, J. William, 318, 477
Fulton (Miss.) monument to war dead, 187
Funkhouser, Richard, 428–29
Gainesville Eight trial (Fla.), 28–29, 42, 280
Gallup, George, 267
Gallup Poll of veterans (1968), 267
Galuppo, Peter E., 475
Garrod, Bud, 93, 96–97
Garrod, Jan, 94, 99–100
Garrod, Michael (Cy; Cyclops; Mike), 90–100
Garrod, Mrs. Bud, 93, 96–97
Garrod, Steven, 91–92, 95–96
Gates, Letitia, 403, 406
Gates, Lt. John, Jr. (Demi), xi–xii, 398, 402–8
Geisler, Rev. Linus, 197
Genest, Brenda Cavanaugh, 362–65
Genest, Richard, Jr., 362–65
Geneva Accords (1954), 258, 404
Geneva Conference (1954), 255
Geneva Convention, U.S. accused of violating (1970), 478
Georgia:
casualties from, 269
Indochina exhibit in, 481–83
Giap, Gen. Vo Nguyen, 255
G.I. Bill of Rights:
benefits for Vietnam veterans under, 267, 461
“Wilson” on, 357
GIs, see U.S. soldiers
Glick, Peter, 395
Gold Star Parents for Amnesty, 43
Gollan, Richard, 54
Goodell, Charles, 183, 184
Goodwin, Richard, 12
Gordonsville (Tenn.), 241–44
Gorman, Michael J. P., 519–21
Graf, Warrant Officer Conrad, 10, 11–12
Graff, Henry R., 142–43
Graham, Rev. Billy, 267
Green Berets (U.S.; Special Forces), 365–67, 392, 449
Greene, Graham, 408–11
review of his novel The Quiet American, 409–11
Greer, Germaine, in Saigon, 9
Grenades, deaths from, 82
Greswell, Rev. Carl E., 286
Griffin, William, 140–43
Grunts, see U.S. soldiers
Guam, casualties from, 270
Gunships, see Helicopters
Gunshot wounds, deaths from, 82
Guthrie, Jimmy, 208–16
Guthrie, Michael, 208–16, 219
Guthrie, Mrs., 212–13
Guthrie, Shirley Buznick, 208–11
Guy, Col. Theodore, 300
Hagedorn, William, 321
Hai Duong, 488
Haiphong, bombing of (Apr. 1972), 309
Hamilton, Lee, 464
Hamlet Evaluation System, 427
Ham Nghi (Emperor), 255
Hanoi, bombing of (Dec. 1972), 58–59, 134, 212, 218, 318–20
Hanoi Hilton (prisoner-of-war camp), 320
Harkin, Thomas, 469–72
Harkins, Gen. Paul, 390
Harris, Fred, 30
Harris, Louis, 44
Harrisburg Seven, 30
Harris Survey following Mayaguez incident, 44
Hassler, John, 32
Hassler, Pauline, 32
Hawaii, casualties from, 269
Hawkins, Augustus F., 469–72
Ha Xuan Truong, 57
Hayden, Tom, 466
Helicopters (dust-offs; choppers; truc thang):
AC-47 (Puff the Magic Dragon; gunship), 211
AC-54, AC-119, AC-130 (gunships), 211
AH-IG (Cobra), 211, 360
in antiwar demonstrations, 434
CH-47 (Chinook), 167, 169, 360
CH-54 (Flying Crane), 360
cost of different types of, 360
evacuating wounded by, 10, 11–12
Vietnam and World War II, compared, 348
gunships:
operational ceiling of, 211
support ground action, 231, 290
weapons of, 231
hot food supplied by, to troops in the field, 275
in Lam Son 719, 158–62, 166–72, 359–62
legislators seduced by rides in, 516
OH-6, 360
riding in gunner position on, 366
Tien taken by, 101
UH-1 (Huey; Slick; bird), 360
Heller, Joseph, 292–93
Hellman, Lillian, 79–81
Helms, Jesse, 78
Henderson, Phillips B., 181
Henschel, William C., 457–61
Heroin, 327–29
Hersh, Seymour, and My Lai massacre, 51–53, 336–37
Hickey, Gerald Cannon, xii, 380–83
on Americans, 382
as ghost, 381
and Montagnards, 387–89, 393–97
Highway deaths, war deaths compared with, 82, 209, 268, 356
Hines, Lt. Edward, Jr., 224
Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, 224–29, 232
History, see Textbooks
Hoang Dinh Cau, 490
Hoang Duc Nga, 144
Hoang Thi Dinh, Mrs., 379–80
Hobbs, Thomas, 264–66
Hobbs, Virgil, 245
Ho Chi Minh, 59, 252
death of, 299, 312–13
declares independence of Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 254
eyes of, in photographs, 3
and 1956 elections, 256
posters of, 73, 323
Ho Chi Minh trail:
bombing of, 104–7, 306
deaths, 104
Lam Son 719, as operation to cut, 133, 157–74, 260, 359–62, 453, 480
moving prisoners by, 305
using, in march from the north, 100–108
Hodge, Austin, 504
Hoffman, Joyce, xi
Hoffman, Stanley, 440
Holiday Inn meeting (Jan.-Feb. 1971), 286
“Home With Honor” parade (Apr. 1973), 38
Hong (North Vietnamese soldier), 107
Hoover, Warren, 185
Hospital care, total number of soldiers requiring (Jan. 1976), 83
Huan (Viet Minh veteran), 258–61
Hue, 400
Humber, Billy, 111, 112, 116–17, 119
Humber, Bonnie Ryan, 119
Humber, Joseph, 111–14, 116–21
Humber, Stacia, 108–21
Humber, Teddy (Joseph E., Jr.), 108–21
Humphrey, Hubert Horatio, 419, 435, 506, 514
Hupp, Rick, 274–75
Hurst, Mr. (teacher), 134
Huy (NLF agent), 126
Huynh Kim Khanh, 415
Hyatt, Gen. Gerhardt W., 285–86
Ian, Janis, 155
Idaho, casualties from, 269
Illinois, casualties from, 269
Illness and diseases:
bamboo poisoning, rotting feet, boils, 327
effect of CS (gas) on lung, 250
to get out of the field, 88
among North Vietnamese soldiers, 100, 107
in South Vietnam (post-war situation), 490
see also Mental illness
Immigrants, Vietnamese evacuated to U.S., 51, 120, 490–98
total (Apr. 1975), 491
Indiana:
casualties from, 269
Indochina exhibit in, 480
Indochina Mobile Education Project, tour of exhibit of, 478–88
Indochina Resource Center, 463, 479
Insanity, see Mental illness
International Telephone & Telegraph Building, demonstration (1972), 277–78, 279–80
Interrogations:
of Brummett, 288–92
of children, 125
photographs of, 16
of U.S. prisoners, 307, 309
Intervention:
reasons for U.S., among South Vietnamese opposition, 152–53
in U.S. textbooks, 136–43
views on, see Americans
Iowa:
casualties from, 269
Indochina exhibit in, 484
Isaacs, John, 424–30
Jacobson, Col. George, 477–78
James, Chuck, 461–62
Japan, 402, 416, 484
occupies Indochina, 252, 254, 379
Jaworski, Leon, 503
Jerry (blind veteran), 225–29
JFK Federal Building, demonstration (Apr. 1973), 281
Joanne (author’s cousin), 135
Johnson, James Ealy, 154–55
Johnson, Lyndon B., 47, 134, 185, 296–97, 456
Branigin support for, 224
death of, 154
history textbooks’ presentation of policies of, 138, 142–43
Luce and, 477
McGovern and, 517–18
on names for combat operations, 115
R. Ransom letter to, 500
soldier’s letter supporting policy of, 138
Jones, Maj. Emlyn, 283–84
Kairies, Jim, 8
Kansas, casualties from, 269
Kavanaugh, Abel Larry, 300–301, 317
Kavanaugh, Sandra, 300, 301
Kelly, Mary Jane, 67–74
Kelly, Peter, 67–71, 74
Kemkens, Richard, 339
Kennedy, John F., 116, 135, 138, 153, 518
Kennedy, Robert, 147, 431
Kennerly, David Hume, 44–45
Kent State students, 70
Kentucky:
Bardstown, see Bardstown
casualties from, 269
view of the war in (1976), 509
Kerry, John, 455
Key, Betty, 241–44
Khanh Hau, 383
Khanh Ly, 295, 297
Khe Sanh, 159, 359
Kieu Mong Thu, Mrs., 145
Kipling, Rudyard, 380
Kirby (soldier), 326
Kissinger, Henry, 44–45, 66, 319, 440
Klich, Beatriz, 228
Knight, Dee, 29
Knowles, Robert, 140
Kolko, Gabriel, 140
Kontum, 394
Korea, Republic of (South Korea; ROK), 285
Korean War (1949–53), 35, 116, 337–38, 399
Bean as pilot in, 217
Branigin view of, 224
draft board and, 241
Fishel and, 417
Krulak, Gen. Victor, 391
Lacouture, Jean, 440
Ladejinsky, Wolf, 388
Laird, Melvin, 161, 287–88, 361
Lam Son 719 (operation; 1971), 133, 157–74, 260, 359–62, 453, 480
Land:
as combat terrain, 90
war lost because of nature of, 405
defoliated, 431, 477
effects of defoliants (1964), 391
mangrove swamp defoliated (1973), 395
destruction of North Vietnamese (1968), 306
see also Bombing
importance of, 236
Montagnards and, 387, 388
poem on love and, 464–65
quality of countryside (1956), 374
rain forest, 383–84
total acreage with fragments of bombs and shells, 431
see also Ho Chi Minh trail
Lang Vei II (Special Forces camp), 301, 303
Lansdale, Col. Edward, 385, 401, 402, 403
Laos, xiv, 301, 304, 464, 479
operation in, see Lam Son 719
Laurence, John, 201
Le Anh Tu, 422
Le Loi (national hero), 255
Lemley, Ned, 46
Lemon, Laurabel, 234
Leonard, Capt. Edward, Jr., 317
Leprosy, incidence of, 490
Le Van Phuoc, 237–39
Libraries, use of public, and literature on war, 239
Liebling, A. J., 409–11
Livingston, Gordon, 28
Lollis, Rev. George, 197
Long Tri, destroyed, 238
Louisiana, casualties from, 269
Luce, Don, 393, 463–88
harassment of, 475
leaves South Vietnam, 476–77
and tiger cages, 469–76
tours U.S. (July 1971–Oct. 1972), 478–88
Luoc (interpreter), 399–400
Luong, see Nguyen Ngoc Luong
Ly Chanh Trung, 145
Ly Qui Chung, 151
Maas, John, 346
“Mad Minute, The” (night firing), 264
Mahoney, Jill Seiden, 276–81
Mahoney, Peter Paul, 29, 280
Maine, casualties from, 269
Malamazian, John, 224–29
Malaria:
incidence of, 490
quality of North Vietnamese medicine for, 107
Males, L. L. (Red), 235
Males, William L. (Willi), 235
March Against Death, 364
March on the Pentagon (Oct. 1967), 432
Marciano, John, 140
Marr, David, 463–64
Martin, Graham, 463–67, 488–90
Martin, Janet, 230
Martin, Mrs. Graham, 488–90
Maryland, casualties from, 269
Massachusetts, casualties from, 269
Mayaguez incident (1973), 43–46, 51, 83
McArthur, George, 488
McCarthy, Eugene, 513–16
McCarthy, Joseph, 80, 398
McGovern, George, 232, 516–18
advice to students (1974), 72
effect of, on E. Rhodes, 77
and L. B. Johnson, 517–18
1972 defeat of, 71–72, 74, 517, 519
McIlvoy, Joseph Ronald, 196, 207
McIntyre, Thomas, 362, 363
McNamara, Robert S., 456, 506
Meadlo, Mrs. Anthony, 53
Meadlo, Paul, 53
Medals:
demonstration by veterans returning, 452–57, 461
for D. Walker, 234
inventing a citation for a general to receive a Silver Star, ix–x, 335–36
letters on story of, 346
Isaacs returns, 424, 430
for M. Garrod, 96, 97
mother returns posthumously awarded son’s, 500
recommended for Calley, 53
refused by father of a dead son, 356
Melofski, Dr., 521
Melvin, Helen, 247–50
Melvin, Rufus, 247–50
Memorials:
in Bardstown, 191–92, 208
beliefs about ARVN soldier statue, 132–33
in Fulton, 187
Hines Veterans Administration Hospital as, 224
proposed, reconstruction of Vietnam as, 504
by U.S. father, 155–56
Mental hygiene clinic (Americal Division), 88–89
Mental illness:
combat stress (fatigue), 88–89
of son of Mrs. Bich, 148–50
in World War II, 349
Merdzinski, Chuck, 273, 275
Merkle, Roger, 458
Michigan:
casualties from, 269
unemployment in, 122
Michigan State University Advisory Group (MSU), 380–89
Military Advisory Assistance Group (MAAG), 384, 404
Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV), 294
Military Dog Hospital (Long Binh), 326
Military Provincial Health Assistance Program, 332–34
Mines, deaths from, 82
Minh, Sergeant (South Vietnamese soldier), 166
Minnesota, casualties from, 269
Missing-in-action:
deaths while, 83
total, 83, 222
Mississippi:
casualties from, 269
war memorials in, 187
Missouri:
casualties from, 269
Indochina exhibit in, 480
small town reaction in, to death in the war, 188
Moc, Private (South Vietnamese soldier), 171–72, 382
Model Sanitary Hamlet (Nhon Hoa), 332–34
Montagnards (Yards), 304, 449
children’s interest in photograph of crossbow of, 482
D. Luce and, 468
Green Berets and, 365–67
Hickey and, 387–89, 393–97
Montana, casualties from, 269
Monuments, see Memorials
Moore, Col. Hal, 200, 216
Moore, James Thomas, 196, 206, 207
Moore, Marianne, 62
Morris, Kenneth, 250–54
Mortars, see Weapons and ammunition
Mueller, Bob, 506
Mulligan, Hugh, 239
Music:
American:
indifferent to the war, 155
played for prisoners in North Vietnam, 315
soldiers’ preferences, 106
in Vietnamese cities, 293
Vietnamese:
in Indochina exhibit, 484
song on bulgar wheat, 294
song on walking sticks, 105
of Trinh Cong Son, 294–95
My Khe massacre, 336
My Lai massacre, 495
Brummett on events similar to, 287–88
chaplain and, 286
Hersh and, 51–53, 336–37
Nate (soldier), 266
National Council for Universal and Unconditional Amnesty, 502
National Guard:
joining, as way to avoid the war, 201, 203
people attracted to, 205
used in demonstrations against the war, 513, 516
see also Fire Support Base Tomahawk
Nationalism (patriotism):
in new generation, 357–58
South Vietnamese, 145
in textbooks, 136–37
in U.S. memorial poetry, 156–57
National Liberation Front (NLF; Viet Cong; Victor Charlie; VC; Charlie):
and Americans fear of dark, 263
attack Special Forces camp (July 1964), 392
children and, 125–31
Civic Action Program cadres compared with, 406
cost of killing one soldier of, 415
effect of Anh Ba being accused of being agent of, 473–75
flag of, as souvenir, 6
Gates’ view of, 408
interviewing, 3, 5–6
Luce and, 475
“Open Arms” program to encourage defection of, 401, 440, 441–48
poem by soldier of, 464–65
raising chickens in Camp Carroll, 487
strategic hamlets and, 389
teasing North Vietnamese soldiers, 108
textbooks’ references to, 141
U.S. children on, 16–17
use of term Viet Cong, 4, 258
U.S. soldiers’ view of, 60
in letters, 136, 139
making sure their dead are dead, 511
U.S. veteran on, 520
Viet Minh compared with, 261
Viet Minh veteran on, 258
see also Dead, the; Deaths; Prisoners-of-war; Weapons and ammunition; Wounded
National liberation movements, U.S. policy toward, 153
National Mobilization Committee to End the War (MOBE), 432, 435
National Women’s Republic Club, disruption (Mar. 1972), 278
Nebraska, casualties from, 269
Nevada, casualties from, 269
New Hampshire, casualties from, 269
New Jersey, casualties from, 269
New Mexico, casualties from, 269
New York, casualties from, 269
New York Red Squad, 279
Ngoan (North Vietnamese soldier), 107–8
Ngo Cong Duc, 151–52
Ngo Dinh Diem, 141, 255, 380, 390
Americans impress (1956), 386
Fishel and, 411, 416–20
and leaders of Operation Brotherhood, 401
Luoc and, 400
and Montagnards, 387, 388
training of security forces of, 413, 417
Viet Minh veterans under, 259
visits strategic hamlet, 400–401
Ngo Dinh Ngu, 390
Ngo Vinh Long, 422
Nguyen Cao Ky, 24, 141, 233
Nguyen Dinh Chinh, 126–29, 131
death of his father, 128
Nguyen Dzu, 95
Nguyen Khac Vien, 152
Nguyen Khai, 270–72
Nguyen Ngoc Huy, 147
Nguyen Ngoc Huyen, 475
Nguyen Ngoc Lieng, 395
Nguyen Ngoc Luong, xv, 494
affected by working for Americans, 423–24
and Anh Ba, 475
arranges meeting with Tien, 100
and the author, 11, 12
agreement that he not interfere if author were in trouble, 366
communicating with Luong (1974), 14
and dogs used to attack people, 327
his advice on dealing with village dogs, 325
his presence in dreams, 507
and Ben Het, 451
buying heroin, 328
and discussions on war, 453
dislike for Vietnamese attached to France, 378
as interpreter, 106
in interrogation of children as prisoners, 125–31
and Japanese humiliation of French, 379
likes black soldiers dapping, 17
and Luce, 476
and man who lost his garden, 237, 238
meeting Viet Minh veterans, 256–61
and Model Sanitary Hamlet, 334
and Mrs. Bich, 148–50
on period after liberation (Apr.-May 1975), 22–25
photograph of, 99
quality of his English, 22, 106, 450
questioning woman on life in Duc Duc, 332
and song of Trinh Cong Son, 295
and survivors of Lam Son 719, 166
and U.S. soldiers’ preferences in music, 106
view of American toxic gas, 250
and wandering souls and bodies not buried whole, 95
Nguyen Thanh Tu, 133
Nguyen Thi Binh, Mme., 60
Nguyen Thi Ho, Mrs., 102
Nguyen Tu, 49
Nguyen Van Ba, 494–95
Nguyen Van Thieu, 141, 232, 408, 449, 463, 516
cease-fire agreements and, 60
Luong on, 24
and My Lai massacre, 495
1971 election of, 144
see also Elections
opposition to, as dangerous, 143–44
on side of French in war of independence, 378
Nguyen Van Ve, Col., 469–72
Nha Trang, 383
Nhon Hoa, 332–34
Nickel, Edward J., 494
Nixon, Patricia, 278
Nixon, Richard M., 138, 267, 342, 403, 445
on Americans (Dec. 1975), 268
and bombing of Hanoi (Dec. 1972), 59
Bean on Nixon decision to bomb, 218
Calley and, 53
and cease-fire agreements, 60
demonstrations at inaugurations of, 431–35
disgraced, 72
living with supporters of, 68
Luce letter to (1970), 478
1972 electoral victory of, 517, 519
pardon of, 183
resignation of, 72, 120
T. Adams and, 66
Todd praised by, 232
veterans and, 460
Vietnamization policy of, xiii, 422
Young and, 315–16, 317, 323
NLF, see National Liberation Front
North Carolina, casualties from, 269
North Dakota, casualties from, 269
North Vietnam:
bombing of, see Bombing
destroyed landscape of (1968), 306
independence of, declared (Sept. 1945), 254
Luce visit to (1973), 487
North Vietnamese army, size of, 517
North Vietnamese soldiers:
as caught up in war not of their choosing, xiv
combat conditions for, 100–101
enter Saigon (Apr. 1975), 23–24
going south, 100–108
see also Ho Chi Minh trail
in Lam Son 719, 133, 157–74, 260, 359–62, 453, 480
“Open Arms” program to encourage defection of, 401, 440, 441–48
sappers, 206–7, 260–61
Tran Van Tra on motivation of, 212
U.S. veteran on, 520
walking sticks of, 105
see also Dead, the; Deaths; Officers; Prisoners-of-war; Veterans; Weapons and ammunition; Wounded
Notis, Rosemary, 111–14, 117
Notis, William, 111, 117, 119
Ochs, Phil, 19, 74
Odetta, 19
Officers:
French, Viet Minh intent to kill, 261
North Vietnamese:
Cheese as, 299, 310–15, 324
dealing with morale, 104–5, 107
on Ho Chi Minh trail, 104–5
on motivation of soldiers, 212
rations of, 106, 305
and U.S. prisoners, 303–7
South Vietnamese:
boredom of, 451
and disintegration in Lam Son 719, 167–74
French language and, 378
without initiative, 331
not understanding U.S. veterans demonstrations, 452
thrown out of U.S. catered restaurant, 55
U.S. officer on, 428
U.S.:
as advisors, 427
in antiwar movement, 455–56
boonie hat incident, 86
chaplains, see Chaplains
dedication of some, 87
fear of dark, 263–64
in “Home With Honor” parade, 38
inventing a citation for, see Medals
in Korean War, 35
lack of truthfulness and honor among career military, 335, 337
M. Wilson’s memories as World War II, 349–59
names favored by generals for operations, 115
one’s view of S. Hersh, 336
plaque liked by, 379–80
as prisoners-of-war, 317, 320
and Quang Tin province events, 287, 292
relationship between soldiers and, 9
reporters-officers seminar, 334–38
Shantz on, 343
shooting the wounded, 94
soldiers killing, 205
solutions that can’t be left to, 419
still in South Vietnam, in civilian clothes (after 1973), 492
tortured, 99
total deaths (Jan. 1961–Apr. 1974), 81–82
and U.S. soldiers protesting the war, 180
a veteran on colonels, 512
who wish to return to Vietnam, 21
Ohio:
casualties from, 269
Indochina exhibit in, 482
Oklahoma, casualties from, 270
Olstad, James, 338–46
“Open Arms” program (Chieu Hoi), 401, 440, 441–48
Operation Brotherhood (O.B.), xii, 401, 402
Opposition, see Dissenters
Oregon, casualties from, 270
Ottinger, Richard, 500
Owen, Wilfred, 223
Pacification program:
agency in charge of, 425
in Binh Dinh province (1966), 115–16
D. Sulzberger in, 436, 441–48
as a fraud, 426
French, 374, 378
Chaumont-Guitry letters and, 374–78
importance of defectors in, 446
as processing of population shift, 443, 444
see also Refugees
stated objectives of, 345–46
U.S. background paper on, 445
Paine, Thomas, 457
Paris peace talks:
cease-fire agreements:
Bardstown and, 201
bombing bringing about, 53, 60
E. E. Rhodes and, 74
effects of signing, 53
M. Kelly’s reaction to, 67–68
prisoners-of-war and expected (Oct. 1972), 319
rejoicing at, 60–61
signed (Jan. 1973), 53, 59
as characterized in U.S. textbooks, 142–43
chief Provisional Revolutionary Government delegate to (1973), 212
senior military advisor to, 212
Parker, Lewis, 242–44
Parrish, Don, 202–8
Passes (leaves), contest for getting, 87–88
Patton, Gen. George C., III, 26–29
Paul VI (Pope), 281
Payne, Bruce, 505
Peace movement, see Antiwar movement
Peace symbol, meaning of use of, 86
Peace talks, see Geneva Accords; Geneva Conference; Paris peace talks
Pennsylvania, casualties from, 270
Pentagon Papers, 72, 142, 404
People’s Self-Defense Forces, 427
Perrin, Betty, 174–83
Perrin, David, 177–78, 182
Perrin, Rennie (Rene), 174–83
Perrin, Richard, 174–83
Pham Thi Hoa, 129–31
Philippines, role of, in war, 401, 402
Phoenix program, 256, 259, 331
Photographers, 23, 24, 359–62
Photographs:
in a Bible, to protect a child, 6, 12
of captured and dead Vietnamese, 94–95
of Chaumont-Guitry, 374
of children fleeing napalm, 134
of children of North Vietnamese officer, 306
exhibition of, in Brooklyn, 15–17
of the great and famous, on C. Sulzberger’s walls, 437
of Indochina exhibit, 479
M. Sulzberger in usual out-with-the-troops, 452
in 1954 magazines, 381–82
of politicians following Mayaguez incident, 44
postcards of U.S. troops, 54
of prisoners on Con Son Island, 472
of reunion of Perrins in Canada, 183
scrapbook, quality of, 397–400
of 17th parallel, 399
slides from Vietnam, used in antiwar movement, 511
of soldier with eye injury, 223
of son of Le Van Phuoc, 239
of T. Humber wedding, 119
of University of Vermont peace demonstration, 117–18
of U.S. soldier posing with corpse of Vietnamese, 511–12
of veterans in Dewey Canyon III, 461
by Weasel, 124
of wounded woman, 94–95, 99
of wounded World War I soldier, 223
Phu (teacher), 333
Phu Yen province, 256–61, 285
Plantation Gardens (prisoner-of-war camp), 300, 315, 320
Pleiku, 49, 394–95
Poetry:
U.S., 19
on G. Patton, 28
on memorials, 156–57
modified Kipling, 380
satirical, on a general, 344–45
Vietnam-centered, 62
Vietnamese:
on Americans, 330–31
in Indochina exhibit, 485
on love of country, 464–65
of Mr. Bao, 493
wandering souls, 95
see also Music
Police:
South Vietnamese:
arrest Anh Ba, 474
break into meeting of G. McGovern and Vietnamese opponents of Thieu, 516
budget for, from U.S. tax dollars, 476
confiscate newspapers with stories of tiger cages, 475
in demonstrations, 150–51
and Luce, 468–69, 475–76
U.S. trained and supplied, 413, 422
see also Special Police
U.S.:
against demonstrators (Chicago, 1968), 513–16
in Nixon inaugural demonstrations, 433–35
and veterans demonstrations (1971; 1974), 454, 458, 459–60
Politicians:
Trinh Cong Son on, 294–95
U.S.:
antiwar sentiment and, 30–31
J. Todd on their misreading of political climate, 234
solutions that can’t be left to, 419
textbooks’ presentation of policies of, 138–42; see also Textbooks
see also specific politicians; for example: Johnson, Lyndon B.; McGovern, George; Nguyen Van Thieu
Polls:
Gallup, of veterans on effect of combat (1968), 267
Harris, following Mayaguez incident, in Sweden (1973), on U.S. policies, 142
Yankelovich, study of college and noncollege youths (1969–73), 267
Popular Forces, 144
Poverty in U.S. (1973; 1974), 46
Powell, Collin, xiii
Powers, Clifton, Jr., 48
Presidential Clemency Board, 183–85
Presidio Twenty-Seven, 30
Press releases (Americal Division), 273–75
Preston, David, 7
Prindle, Tom, 16–17
Prisoners-of-war:
U.S.:
AWOL, 37
Bardstown celebrates return of, 216–22
celebrate Christmas (1969), 313–14
charges filed against, 317
eight accused of collaboration, 300
Fishel and, 420
fuss over return of, 99
J. Young as, 297–320
prisoners during bombing of Hanoi, 318–20
query on sexual needs of, 322
returned from North Vietnam, 50–51
in solitary confinement, 217
theories on their behavior, 324
total deaths (Jan. 1976), 83
in World War II, 322
Vietnamese:
beatings and cigarette burning of, 331
dogs used on, 327
dragged behind armored personnel carrier, 15–16, 17
J. Young on, 305
tiger cages for, see Con Son Island
U.S. accused of violating agreements on treatment of, 478
women, 4, 331, 471–72
see also Interrogations; Punishment
Prisons, see specific prisons
Project Air War, 465, 478
Provisional Revolutionary Government, 212, 310
Puerto Rico, casualties from, 270
Punishment:
beating children, 130
of U.S. prisoner-of-war, 310
U.S. prisoner-of-war kept in solitary confinement, 217
see also Con Son Island; Interrogations; Prisoners-of-war; Torture
Quang Lien, Rev., 57
Quang Ngai province, ix
Quang Tin province, murder, rape and pillage in, 287–92
Rajan, Bruno, 382
Rand Corporation, 380, 393
Randy (medic), 510–12
Ransom, Louise, 498–505
Ransom, Robert C., 498–505
Ransom, Robert C., Jr. (Mike), 498–505
Rations, see Food
Redden, W. J. (Joe), 234–35
Refugees, 141, 477
and Americans as advisors, 425
Diem visit to strategic hamlet, 400–401
generated in South Vietnam, total (1965–73), 489
Le Van Phuoc as, 237–38
see also “Open Arms” program; Pacification program; Phoenix program
Reporters:
and Bardstown dead, 190, 192–95
furnished government documents, 426
helicopter pilots and, 365
and Hickey, 381
interpreter for author, see Nguyen Ngoc Luong
and jokes, as only way to speak, 449
Lam Son 719 and, 167, 168
Luce compared with other, 468
and the military, 82, 449–51
Naval War College seminar for, 334–38
and the war, 408
Republican National Convention (1972), 28
Republic of South Vietnam, see South Vietnam
Reynolds, Albert Lee, 26–48
Reynolds, Laura, 31
Reynolds, Linda, 26, 27, 32–34, 39, 40, 43
Reynolds, Okla, 31–32, 36, 37
Rhode Island, casualties from, 270
Rhodes, Earl E., 74–79
Riate, Alfonso, 460
Ridenhour, Ron, 263–64
RITA (Resist Inside the Army; organization), 176, 180
Rivers, Mendel, 341
Robby (porter), 462
Robertson, Nan, xii
Rockefeller, Nelson, 44
Rogers, Carl, 501
Rogers, William P., 59, 424
Rollins, John Henry, 47
Rosenfeld (woman), 52
Rostow, Walt, 456
Roth, Capt. Robert, 159–61
Roulier, Russ, 519
Ruckers, Annie L., 198
Rumsfeld, Donald, 45
Rusk, Dean, 142
Russell, Richard, 236–37
Rusty (former officer), 455
Rutherford, John, 480
Saber, Miss., 227
Safer, Morley, 472
Saigon (Ho Chi Minh city):
American life in (1970), 54–58
ARVN soldiers and, 55
bribes as part of daily life of, 131
Cercle Sportif in, 384, 389
children in, as pimps, 128
as city demanding suspicion, 494
Communist troops enter (Apr. 1975), 22–25
Con Son prisoners released in, 473
destructive changes brought to, by Americans, 391–92
French influence on, 371–73
Gates on, 406
Hotel Continental in, 374
leaving, by railroad, 383
Majestic Theatre in, 397
most famous parties in (1967–70), 442
nightclub blown up in (1971), 516
plaque shop in, 379–80
port of, 374
quality of life in (1956), 369–73
restaurants and tea shops of:
Aterbea, 55
Bodega, 397
La Pagode, 373
Ramuntcho, 55
as wartime capital, 296–97
Saigon-Bien Hoa highway, statue on, 132–33
Saigon Yale Club, 56–58
Sainteny, Jean, 440
Salisbury, Harrison, 239
Samuels, Beamis, 197–98
Sand, Patrick, 266
Sau (NLF cadre), 128
Savani, Commandant A. M., 374
Sawada, Kyiochi, 15–16
Schlesinger, James R., 40, 49–50
Schlosser, Capt. Connie, 500–501
Schlutter, Mrs. E., 361
Seeger, Pete, 19, 25
Selective service, see Draft
Selkin, James, 300–301
17th parallel (north-south demarcation line):
cease-fire and, 60
as no-man’s land, 297
as provisional demarcation line (1954), 255, 256
scrapbook photograph of, 399
Shantz, Norman, 343
Shaw, Col. James E., 283
Sheinbaum, Stanley, 412, 414
Shriver, R. Sargent, 74
Shuster, Alvin, 144, 328
Silberman, Laurence, 185
Silberman, Michael, 133–35
Simon, David, 42
Simon, Patricia, 42–43
Simon, Paul, 20
Simpson, Deanne Durbin, 192–94, 198
Simpson, Lt. A. M. (Butch), 360–61
Simpson, Marchal, 214
Simpson, Mrs. Marchal, 222
Simpson, Ronald Earl (Ronnie), 192–96, 203–4, 207, 214, 222
Simpson, Sheryl, 360–61
Snapp, Father, 16
Social Circle (Ga.), 17
Solomon, Isobel, 67–68, 71
Solomon, Michael, 68
Solomon, Yale, 67–68
Songs, see Music; Poetry
South Carolina, casualties from, 270
South Dakota, casualties from, 270
Southern Illinois University (SIU), 414–23
South Korea (ROK; Republic of Korea), 285
South Vietnam:
collapse of regime, 48–50, 120, 448, 464
Communist troops enter Saigon (Apr. 1975), 22–25
countryside of, see Land
cut in military aid to (June 1975), 464
government of, see Ngo Dinh Diem; Nguyen Van Thieu
illness and disease in, post-war appraisal, 490
Provisional Revolutionary Government of, 212, 310
reasons for U.S. intervention in, see Intervention
study of village (1958–64), 382–83
as tourist attraction (1973), 54
U.S. textbooks on officials of, 143
see also Elections
South Vietnamese army (ARVN; Army of the Republic of Vietnam), xiii
disintegration of (1975), 48–50, 448
in Lam Son 719, 133, 157–74, 260, 359–62, 453, 480
South Vietnamese soldiers, xiii
bribes to relocate to rear echelon, 132
as caught up in war not of their choosing, xiv
as cowards, 331
death rate, 20
see also Deaths
at fall of Pleiku, 49
incidence of venereal disease among, 490
and Kontum (Mar. 1973), 394
memorial statue of, 132–33
postcards of, 54
Rangers, 450, 451
restaurants not serving, 55
R. Melvin on uncontrolled, 247–48
and start of strategic hamlets, 389
U.S. soldiers’ view of, 168
see also Dead, the; Officers; Prisoners-of-war; Veterans; Weapons and ammunition; Wounded
Spain, William E., 48
Sparks, George, 310, 311
Special Forces camps, 365–67, 392, 449
Special Police (South Vietnam):
created by Americans, 131
and interrogations of children, 125–31
Stapp, Andy, 179
Starr, Paul, 348
States (U.S.):
casualties by, 268–70
see also Deaths; Missing-in-action; Wounded
Steber, Eleanor, 397
Strategic hamlets:
and Hamlet Evaluation System, 427
opening of first, 389–91
see also Refugees
Strauss, Libby, 72
Students:
difficulty in talking with, 509
Fishel and, 411–20
Hellman on, 80, 81
high school, and the war, 250–54
relation of Catholic (1967), to war, 69
South Vietnamese, opposing Thieu regime and Americans, 144–48
as trapped and resigned in universities, 63, 67
universities-war machine connection made for, 412
see also entries beginning with term: Draft
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 416
Suffocation and drowning, deaths by, 82
Suicides:
A. L. Kavanaugh, 300
soldier total (Jan. 1961–Apr. 1974), 81–82
of U.S. prisoners, attempted, 315
Sulzberger, Arthur Hays, 436
Sulzberger, Arthur Ochs, 436
Sulzberger, Cyrus L., 436, 448–49
Sulzberger, David, 435–48, 451
Sulzberger, Leo, 436
Sulzberger, Marina Tatiana Lada, 436, 448–49, 451
Sutherland, James A., 190, 197, 219–20
Sutherland, Millie, 190
Sweden:
deserters in, 177
numbers in, 235
view of U.S. policies in poll taken in (1973; released 1975), 142
Sympson, Pat, 194–95
Tai (Viet Minh veteran), 256–58
Tanh (civilian), 331
Taylor, Peter, 193–94
Technology, see Weapons and ammunition
Television:
and Bardstown dead, 190, 192–95
coverage of war by, 14–15
chaplain shocked by, 284
Gates’ view of war as seen on, 406
and K. Morris, 253
as worst of war, 242
film on M. Branch on, 322
interviews on, characterized, 122–23
war-game ad on, 266
war program compared with real war, 223
veteran as portrayed on television, 14
see also CBS television
Tennessee, casualties from, 270
Terrain, see Land
Tet offensive (1968), 458
Gallup Poll following, on benefits of combat, 267
Lang Vei II overrun in, 303
leaves cancelled after, 101
memorial statue warns people of, 133
Texas, casualties from, 270
Textbooks, 135–44
analysis of interpretations in, 140–43
and children of peace movement people, 139–40
and concept of war as lightning flash, 154
example from, 136–39
stopping communism as reason for the war in, 136–42
Thailand, 285
Thanh (medic), 304–5
Thieu, see Nguyen Van Thieu
Third Force, 151
Thompson, Barry Neal, 196, 207, 222
Thompson, Lillian, 198
Ti, Corporal (South Vietnamese soldier), 172
Tien, Capt. (South Vietnamese officer), 173
Tien (North Vietnamese soldier), 100–108
Tiger cages (cells), xiv, 422, 485
continuing use of, uncovered, 469–76
“isolation” cells to replace, 476
Tillinghast, George, 338–43
Todd, John Robert, 229–34
Todd, Joyce, 233
Todd, Lacey, 233
Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1965), 183, 518
Torture:
“Bell Telephone Hour,” 34
Brummett on, 287
burning genitals, 179
of Chinh, 127
with cigarette butts, 331
demonstration representing of North Vietnamese, 117
South Vietnamese officer disliking references to, 331
U.S. funds and, 423
of U.S. officer, 99
Young on distinction between punishment and, 310
Touneh Hantho, 395
Tran Thi Bich, Mrs., 148
Tran Van Tra, Gen., 212
Trent, Roy, Jr., 338–39, 341–42, 343
Trinh Cong Son, 294–95
Truman, Harry S., 134
Tuberculosis, incidence of, 490
Tufts, Col. Henry H., 292
Turner, Adm. Stanfield, 334–35
Tuy Hoa, 256, 284
Tymeson, Raymond, 155–57
Udall, Morris, 462
United States:
distribution of wealth in, 46
Gates on, 403
intervention in South Vietnam by, see Intervention
poverty in (1973; 1974), 46
and World Health Organization meeting (Mar. 1976), 490
United States Army:
agreement to withdraw, 60
see also Paris peace talks
as defiant and dispirited, 86
green matches of, 275
press releases of, 273
example, 273–75
W. L. Males on, as based on hate, 236
Universities involved in the war, 412–23
U.S. Mission (U.S. embassy), size and staff of (1970), 54
U.S. Naval War College seminar, 334–38
U.S. soldiers (troops; enlisted men; grunts; GIs):
arrive in Vietnam, 85
artillery crews taught riot-control tactics, 204
at ease with weapons, 265
see also Weapons and ammunition
bagginess of fatigues of, 223
black, 204
dapping, 17
heroin bought by more whites than, 329
total deaths (Jan. 1961–Apr. 1974), 81
in black market, 205
breaking up units of, 206
as caught up in war not of their choosing, xiv
chaplains and behavior of, 286
see also Chaplains
characteristics of, 85–90
charms, rituals and taboos among, 90–91, 264
and children as pimps, 128
cities off-limits to, 14
combat conditions (humping) for, 14, 90–92
fear the dark, 263–64
in killing zone, 90
mortar attacks, 169
terrain as too difficult for, 405
combat stress (fatigue), 88–89
command troubles with, 205
contest for passes among, 87–88
crying, 298
deaths, total (Jan. 1961–Apr. 1974; updated Jan. 1976), 81, 83
see also Deaths
draftees, as percent of all combat troops (1970), 348
drugs used by, 205
heroin, xiv, 327–29
dulling and blunting effect of war on, 265–66
get used to the dead, 511
see also Dead, the
hatred for ARVN, 168
impressions on seeing field jackets of, 12
and jokes, as only way to speak, 449
letter of a dead, opposing the war, 139
organized to protest the war, 176, 179–80
see also Veterans
postcards of, 54
revolt of, over awarding a medal to a general, ix–x, 338–46
squad of, refusing to eat apricots, 264, 266
see also Food
textbooks using letters from, 136–38
Tien’s impression of, 101
total involved in war, 13, 60
tour of duty, 87
trophies and souvenirs of, 6, 62, 92–95, 312
used in 1969 and 1973 counterinaugural demonstrations, 433, 435
see also National Guard
Vietnamese dogs loved by, 326
see also Dogs
Vietnamese expressions known among, 446
view of Vietnamese children, 125
and visiting ladies, 451–52
who wanted the war, 367
wives and animals taken home by (1969), 326
as “women,” 9
see also Officers
writing home, 85
see also AWOL; Deserters; Missing-in-action; Prisoners-of-war; Veterans; Wounded
U.S. Virgin Islands, casualties from, 270
Utah, casualties from, 270
Venereal disease, incidence of, 490
Vermont, casualties from, 270
Veterans:
memories and lessons of the war for one, 510–12
North Vietnamese, 270–73
poll of, on effects of combat, 267
Post-Vietnam Syndrome among, 510
preferential treatment in Veterans hospitals according to war served in, 116
psychologist’s view of, 228
Reynolds and, 27
South Vietnamese, 148
study of, participating in Dewey Canyon III, 456
support for war among, 229
threat to pensions of wounded, 519
trial of antiwar (Aug. 1973), 28–29
unemployed in New York (1973), 8
World War II, tales and comparisons with Vietnam, 349–59
Yankelovich study on (1969–73), 267
U.S.:
adjusting to civilian life, 98
advice from, 7–8
advice on how to deal with, 13
black, 17
challenge to help, 71
in “Home With Honor” parade, 38
with less than honorable discharges, total, 461
Viet Minh, meeting, 256–61
see also Wounded
Veterans Administration hospitals, 116, 120
Viet Cong (VC; Charlie; Victor Charlie), see National Liberation Front
Viet Minh (chien si; fighter; soldiers), 373
Chaumont-Guitry letters and, 374–78
combat conditions for, compared with those of NLF, 258
Gates’ view of, 405
meeting veterans of, 256–61
Vietnam:
history of opposition to foreign rule in, 254
and Indochina exhibit, 479–85
K. Morris’ history of, 252
post-war problems of, 490
see also North Vietnam; 17th parallel; South Vietnam
Vietnam Doc Lap Dong Minh Hoi (League for the Independence of Vietnam), 255
see also Viet Minh
Vietnamese:
and American clothes, 384
blood of, 275–76
cocoanut milk in transfusions, 4
Brummett on machine-gunning civilian, 287
Buddhist monks burning themselves to death, 484
children, see Children
in Civic Action Program, 405–7
in Conex boxes, 312
defectors, 401, 440, 441–48
dislike for Americans, M. Guthrie and, 216
effect of driving, from the land, 237
see also Land
effect of U.S. aid and presence on, 329–34
evacuated to U.S., 51, 120, 490–98
total (Apr. 1975), 491
exodus of, at war’s end, 48–50
see also Refugees
and the French, 374–80
see also France
Humber on American presence and improved life of, 116
keeping war at a distance, 495
loyal to each other, press release illustrating, 273–75
M. Garrod on, 97
Montagnards and, 387–89
see also Montagnards
opposition to foreign rule in history of, 254
in pacification program, see Pacification program
people who loathed for their political allegiances, 444–45
physical characteristics of women, 369–70
poetry of, see Music; Poetry
reactions in U.S. to photographic exhibit of, 479–85
reaction to U.S. devotion to sanitation, 333–34
removed from villages, 312
skins of, 370
as soldiers, see National Liberation Front; North Vietnamese soldiers; South Vietnamese soldiers; Viet Minh
their view of the sun, 370
trying to attack U.S. prisoner, 309
U.S. soldiers cut off from, 164
villagers, and opening of first strategic hamlet, 390
who worked for Americans, 423–30
see also Prisoners-of-war
Vietnamization policy, xiii, 231, 360, 422
Vietnam Veterans Against the War:
confused with organizations supporting U.S. policy, 229
demonstrations of (Apr. 1971; July 1974), 452–61
end of, 457
in “Home With Honor” parade, 38
Winter Soldier Investigation organized by, 286
Vietnam Veterans Against the War/Winter Soldier Organization, 457
Vietnam Veterans for a Just Peace, 229–33
Virginia, casualties from, 270
Vogt, Gen. John, 361
Vo Nguyen Giap, Gen., 255
Vo Thi Bach Tuyet, 145
WABC (radio), donates flags for parade (Apr. 1973), 38
Wade, Larry R., 46
Wallace, George, 245
Wallace, Mike, 53
Walters, Barbara, 13
Walton, Frank, 469–73
War crimes:
Brummett on, 287–88
meeting on (Jan.-Feb. 1971), 286
see also Torture
War Is Over rally (May 1975), 18–21, 25–26
Warner, Nancy, 37
Warner, Robert A., 37
Washington, casualties from, 270
Waskow, Arthur, 153–54
Watergate scandal, 73, 81, 120, 233
Weapons and ammunition:
.50 caliber machine gun, 289
AK-47, 108, 302, 520
AK-50 (7.62 machine gun), 302
ANPQ radar, 211
antipersonnel mines:
dropped on Ho Chi Minh trail (leaf mines), 106
effects of, 194
injury as purpose of, 77
nickname for, 194
bombs, 134
see also bombing
chemical, tonnage of toxic chemicals and toxic gas dropped on North Vietnam (1964–69), 490
cluster-bomb units, 231, 240
computers, 211
81–mm mortar canister, 265
electronic sensors, 211
flares, 211
French, mousqueton indochinois, 259
gas, 150–51, 250
tonnage dropped (1964–69), 490
Guavas and radar-guided Bullpup missiles, 211
incendiaries, 231
infrared cameras, 211
K-44 (Russian-made), 102
limitations of, 211–12
lost or destroyed, in Lam Son 719, 166
M-2, 302
M-14, 99
M-16, 91, 258
killing cattle with, 290
M-60 (machine gun), 90, 91, 99, 289, 520
M-79, 250
manufacturing companies shorting powder on shells, 510–11
mortars, 169, 206
napalm, 211, 407, 513
90–mm, 287
155–mm (artillery), 195, 203
175–lb. mines, 265
power of weapons, and endurance of NLF, 258, 261
radar, 211, 212
rocket-propelled grenades, 206
rockets, 231
World War II German, 351
SAM missiles, 319
7–62–mm Gatling gun, 211
T-52 (tanks), 48–49
20–mm Vulcan cannon, 211
white phosphorus (Willy Peter), 231, 407, 510–11
see also Aircraft
Weasel (veteran), 121–25
Western, Richard, 502
Westmoreland, Gen. William C., 40, 82, 393
West Virginia, casualties from, 270
White House, blood splashed in State Dining Room of (Apr. 1973), 281–82
Whitney, Craig, 449
Wickham, Kenneth G., 108
Williams, Gen. “Hanging Sam,” 417
Williams, Oggie, 439
Wilson, Frank, 198–201
Wilson, Guffy, 201
Wilson, Guthrie, 190, 197–202, 218, 222
Wilson, Kitty, 199
Wilson, Max (fictitious name), 349–59
Wilson (destroyer), 43
Winn, Gen. David D., 420
Wisconsin, casualties from, 270
Women’s liberation movement, 8–9, 515
World War I (1914–18), 116
as happy war, 223–24
Hines’ death in, 224
World War II (1939–45), 96, 116, 402, 416, 484
Bean as pilot in, 218
bombing of Berlin in, compared with bombing Hanoi, 213
Branigin view of, 224
conscientious objectors in, 76
false citations for medals in, 346
fathers in, expecting sons to serve in Vietnam, 235
impressions on officers of, 337
M. Sulzberger in, 436
parents reaching wounded in, 500
prisoners-of-war in, 322
Sutherland on prolonging, 219–20
tonnage of bombs in, compared with that dropped on North Vietnam, 490
total number of men in (1941–46), 348
U.S. actions in Vietnam compared with German invasions in, 141
Vietnam war compared with, 15, 253, 297
see also Veterans
Wounded:
U.S.:
advice from, to forgive, 506
in attack on Fire Support Base Tomahawk, 207
in attack on Special Forces camp, 392
blindness, 223
causes of death by type of wound (Jan. 1961–Apr. 1974), 82
in demonstration (1971), 453–54
evacuation work of medics, 10
in field hospitals, 36
GI word for, 87
helicopter evacuations of, 10
how they are treated in hospital, 41–42, 520–21
Humber family reaction to, 108–21
leg amputations, 11
“million dollar wound,” 354
mines, 265
in operation Lam Son 719, 158–66
paraplegics, 33, 34
parents flying to see, 500
rehabilitating the blind, 224–29
speed and efficiency of aid, 13
telegrams to communicate news of, 108–11
in Tet Offensive (1968), 458
total (Jan. 1976), 83
total requiring hospital care (Jan. 1976), 83
use of Vicks by medics, 7
view of war among officers, 231
from white phosphorus, 511
World War II amputations, 437
Vietnamese, ix
blood of, 275
in bombing raids on Hanoi, 58
children, 250, 251
from clearing land mines, x
cocoanut milk in transfusions for, 4
collecting photographs of, 94–95
dealing with wounded girl, 428
effects of napalm and white phosphorus, 407
on Ho Chi Minh trail, 104
Lam Son 719 casualties, 157–62, 167, 172–73
photographs of children, 16, 483
total amputees, blind, deaf, 489
total South Vietnamese civilians (1965–75), 489
Viet Minh, 260
Wyoming, casualties from, 270
Yankelovich, Daniel, 267
Yarrow, Peter, 18
Young, Edward, 308
Young, Erica, 298, 308, 315, 323, 324–25
Young, John, 298–325
Zahm, Nathan R., 193