References

Adams, Vincanne, Michelle Murphy, and Adele E. Clark. 2009. “Anticipation: Technoscience, Life, Affect, Temporality.” Subjectivity 28, no. 1: 246–65.

Adapt Smart. n.d. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://adaptsmart.eu/home/.

Aghion, Philippe, and Peter Howitt. 1998. Endogenous Growth Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Ahlstrom-Vij, Kristoffer. 2013. Epistemic Paternalism: A Defence. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Aizer, Anna, and Joseph J. Doyle Jr. 2013. “Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly-Assigned Judges.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 19102. https://www.nber.org/papers/w19102.pdf.

Akerlof, George A., and Robert J. Shiller. 2015. Phishing for Phools: The Economics of Manipulation and Deception. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Alexandrova, Anna. 2017. A Philosophy for the Science of Well-Being. New York: Oxford University Press.

Algan, Yann, Pierre Cahuc, and Andrei Shleifer. 2013. “Teaching Practices and Social Capital.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5, no. 3: 189–210.

Allen, Danielle. 2016. Education and Equality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Allen, Jonathan, and Amie Parnes. 2017. Shattered: Inside Hillary Clinton’s Doomed Campaign. New York: Crown.

Allen, Myles. 2011. “In Defense of the Traditional Null Hypothesis: Remarks on the Trenberth and Curry WIREs Opinion Articles.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 2, no. 6: 931–34.

Allen, Myles, Pardeep Pall, Dáithí Stone, Peter Stott, David Frame, Seung-Ki Min, Toru Nozawa, and Seiji Yukimoto. 2007. “Scientific Challenges in the Attribution of Harm to Human Influence on Climate.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 155, no. 6: 1353–1400.

Allington, David, Sarah Brouillette, David Golumbia. 2016. “Neoliberal Tools (and Archives): A Political History of Digital Humanities.” Los Angeles Review of Books, May 1. https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/neoliberal-tools-archives-political-history-digital-humanities/.

Angell, James B. 1879. The Higher Education: A Plea for Making It Accessible to All. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Board of Regents.

Angner, Erik. 2011. “The Evolution of Eupathics: The Historical Roots of Subjective Measures of Wellbeing.” International Journal of Wellbeing 1, no. 1: 4–41.

Angrist, Joshua D., and Jörn-Steffen Pischke. 2008. Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist’s Companion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

———. 2010. “The Credibility Revolution in Empirical Economics: How Better Research Design Is Taking the Con out of Econometrics.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 24: 3–30.

Applebome, Peter. 1992. “The 1992 Campaign: Death Penalty; Arkansas Execution Raises Questions on Governor’s Politics.” New York Times, January 25. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/25/us/1992-campaign-death-penalty-arkansas-execution-raises-questions-governor-s.html.

Aristotle. 2000. Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by Roger Crisp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Arrow, Kenneth J. 1962. “The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing.” Review of Economic Studies 29, no. 3: 155–73.

———. 1973. “Higher Education as a Filter.” Journal of Public Economics 2, no. 3: 193–216.

Arum, Richard, and Josipa Roksa. 2011. Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Ashcroft, Michael. 2014. “How Scotland Voted, and Why.” Lord Ashcroft Polls, September 19. https://lordashcroftpolls.com/2014/09/scotland-voted/.

Associated Press. 2021. “‘Do You Miss Me Yet?’ At CPAC, Trump Repeats Election Lies, Says He Won’t Start Third Party.” MarketWatch, February 28, 2021. https://www.marketwatch.com/story/do-you-miss-me-yet-trump-takes-center-stage-at-cpac-says-he-wont-start-third-party-01614552672.

Austen, Jane. (1816) 2003. Emma. Edited by James Kinsley and Adela Pinch. New York: Oxford University Press.

Azariadis, Costas, and Allan Drazen. 1990. “Threshold Externalities in Economic Development.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 105, no. 2: 501–26.

“Bachelor’s Degrees in the Humanities.” 2021. Humanities Indicators. https://www.amacad.org/humanities-indicators/higher-education/bachelors-degrees-humanities.

Badano, Gabriele, Stephen John, and Trenholme Junghans. 2017. “NICE’s Cost-Effectiveness Threshold, or: How We Learned to Stop Worrying and (Almost) Love the £20,000–£30,000/QALY Figure.” In Measurement in Medicine: Philosophical Essays on Assessment and Evaluation, edited by Leah McClimans, 151–69. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.

Barabak, Mark Z., and Nigel Duara. 2016. “‘We’re Called Redneck, Ignorant, Racist. That’s Not True’: Trump Supporters Explain Why They Voted for Him.” Los Angeles Times, November 13. http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-donald-trump-american-voices-20161113-story.html.

Batty, David. 2003. “Q+A: Five-a-Day Campaign.” The Guardian, January 20.

Baumol, William J., and Alan S. Blinder. 2007. Macroeconomics: Principles and Policy. 10th rev. ed. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing.

BBC Staff. 2016. “US Election: Full Transcript of Donald Trump’s Obscene Videotape.” BBC News, October 9. https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37595321.

Beauchamp, Tom L., and James F. Childress. 2001. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press.

Becker, Gary S. 1993. Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. 3rd. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Bedard, Kelly. 2001. “Human Capital versus Signaling Models: University Access and High School Dropouts.” Journal of Political Economy 109, no. 4: 749–75.

Bender, Emily M., Timnit Gebru, et al. 2021. “On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big?” In FAccT ’21: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 610–23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445922.

Benjamin, Ruha. 2019. Race after Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Bennett, Michael, and Jacqueline Brady. 2014. “A Radical Critique of the Learning Outcomes Assessment Movement.” Radical Teacher 100 (Fall): 34–47.

Bevan, Gwyn, and Christopher Hood. 2006. “What’s Measured Is What Matters: Targets and Gaming in the English Public Health Care System.” Public Administration 84, no. 3: 517–38.

Best, Joel. 2004. More Damned Lies and Statistics: How Numbers Confuse Public Issues. Berkeley: University of California Press.

———. 2012. Damned Lies and Statistics: Untangling Numbers from the Media, Politicians, and Activists. Updated ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Betz, Gregor. 2013. “In Defence of the Value Free Ideal.” European Journal for Philosophy of Science 3, no. 2: 207–20.

Bickerton, Christopher J., and Carlo Invernizzi Accetti. 2017. “Populism and Technocracy.” In The Oxford Handbook of Populism, edited by Cristóbal Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy, 326–41. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

———. 2018. “‘Techno-Populism’ as a New Party Family: The Case of the Five Star Movement and Podemos.” Contemporary Italian Politics 10, no. 2: 132–50.

Biddle, Justin. 2013. “State of the Field: Transient Underdetermination and Values in Science.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 44, no. 1: 124–33.

Biden, Joe (@JoeBiden). 2020. “I believe in science. Donald Trump doesn’t. It’s that simple, folks.” Twitter, October 29. https://twitter.com/joebiden/status/1321606423495823361?lang=en.

Blankenburg, Wolfgang. 1971. Der Verlust der Naturlichen Selbstverstaendlichkeit: Ein Beitrag zur Psychopathologie Symtomarmer Schizophrenia. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke.

Blastland, Michael, and Andrew W. Dilnot. 2007. The Tiger That Isn’t: Seeing through a World of Numbers. London: Profile Books.

Bloomberg Politics. 2016. “Trump to Clinton: ‘You Do Have Experience, but It’s Bad Experience.’” October 19. YouTube video, 2:45. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XYSxKAmG64.

Bode, Katherine. 2020. “Why You Can’t Model away Bias.” Modern Language Quarterly 81, no. 1: 95–124.

Bogen, James, and James Woodward. 1988. “Saving the Phenomena.” The Philosophical Review 97, no. 3: 303–52.

Boswell, Christina. 2009. The Political Uses of Expert Knowledge: Immigration Policy and Social Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

———. 2018. Manufacturing Political Trust: Targets and Performance Measurement in Public Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1990. The Logic of Practice. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Bowker, Geoffrey C., and Susan Leigh Star. 2000. Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Boxill, Bernard. 2017. “Kantian Racism and Kantian Teleology.” In The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race, edited by Naomi Zack, 44–53. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Boyle, David. 2000. The Tyranny of Numbers: Why Counting Can’t Make Us Happy. London: HarperCollins.

Brennan, Jason. 2016. Against Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Brennan, Timothy. 2017. “The Digital-Humanities Bust: After a Decade of Investment and Hype, What Has the Field Accomplished? Not Much.” Chronicle of Higher Education, October 15.

Brenner, Marie. 1990. “After the Gold Rush.” Vanity Fair, September. https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/1990/9/after-the-gold-rush.

Brooks, Cleanth. 1979. “Irony as a Principle of Structure.” In Critical Theory since Plato, rev. ed., edited by Hazard Adams. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Brown, Philip, Hugh Lauder, and Sin Yi Cheung. 2020. The Death of Human Capital: Its Failed Promise and How to Renew It in an Age of Disruption. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Brown, Wendy. 2015. Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution. New York: Zone Books.

Bruno, Isabelle, Emmanuel Didier, and Tommaso Vitale. 2014. “Statactivism: Forms of Action between Disclosure and Affirmation.” Partecipazione e conflitto: The Open Journal of Sociopolitical Studies 7, no. 2: 198–220.

Burnham, Peter. 2001. “New Labour and the Politics of Depoliticisation.” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 3, no. 2: 127–49.

Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

———. 2009. “Critique, Dissent, Disciplinarity.” Critical Inquiry 35, no. 4: 787–95.

Buttigieg, Joseph A. 1995. “Gramsci on Civil Society.” Boundary 2 22, no. 3: 1–32.

Cameron, A. Colin, and Pravin K. Trivedi. 2005. Microeconometrics: Methods and Applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Campbell, Corbin M. 2015. “Serving a Different Master: Assessing College Educational Quality for the Public.” Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research 30: 525–79.

Cantoni, Davide, Yuyu Chen, David Y. Yang, Noam Yuchtman, and Y. Jane Zhang. 2017. “Curriculum and Ideology.” Journal of Political Economy 125, no. 2: 338–92.

Capacci, Sara, Mario Mazzocchi, Bhavani Shankar, José Brambila Macias, Wim Verbeke, Federico J. Pérez-Cueto, Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska, Beata Piórecka, Barbara Niedzwiedzka, Dina D’Addesa, and Anna Saba. 2012. “Policies to Promote Healthy Eating in Europe: A Structured Review of Policies and Their Effectiveness.” Nutrition Reviews 70, no. 3: 188–200.

Caplan, Bryan. 2018. The Case against Education: Why the Education System Is a Waste of Time and Money. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Caputo, John D. 2000. More Radical Hermeneutics: On Not Knowing Who We Are. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Carnes, Nicholas, and Noam Lupu. 2017. “It’s Time to Bust the Myth: Most Trump Voters Were Not Working Class.” Washington Post, June 5. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/06/05/its-time-to-bust-the-myth-most-trump-voters-were-not-working-class/.

Carnevale, Anthony P., and Jeff Strohl. 2013. Separate & Unequal: How Higher Education Reinforces the Intergenerational Reproduction of White Racial Privilege. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Center for Education and the Work Force. https://1gyhoq479ufd3yna29x7ubjn-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/SeparateUnequal.FR_.pdf.

Carpenter, Daniel P. 2001. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862–1928. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cavell, Stanley. 1969a. “The Avoidance of Love: A Reading of King Lear.” In Must We Mean What We Say? A Book of Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 267–353.

———. 1969b. Must We Mean What We Say? A Book of Essays. New York: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1979. The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy. New York: Oxford University Press.

———. 1981. The Senses of Walden. Expanded edition. San Francisco, CA: Northpoint Press.

Centeno, Miguel Angel. 1993. “The New Leviathan: The Dynamics and Limits of Technocracy.” Theory and Society 22, no. 3: 307–35.

Centre for Economic Performance. 2016. “Session 2: Why Should Policy Makers Care about People’s Wellbeing?” December 20. YouTube video, 1:26:31. https://youtu.be/yubTfLVFzzw.

Chakrabarty, Dipesh. 2000. Provincializing Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Chandler, James. 1998. England in 1819: The Politics of Literary Culture and the Case of Romantic Historicism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Chatterjee, Elizabeth, and Greg Lusk. 2018. “Deliberative Doubt: Public Ignorance, Epistemic Gatekeeping, and the Problem of Trust.” Unpublished manuscript.

Chetty, Raj, John N. Friedman, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas Turner, and Danny Yagan. 2020. “Income Segregation and Intergenerational Mobility across Colleges in the United States.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 135, no. 3: 1567–633.

Cheung, Felix, and Richard E. Lucas. 2014. “Assessing the Validity of Single-Item Life Satisfaction Measures: Results from Three Large Samples.” Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation 2320: 2809–18. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0726-4.

Cheung, Richard Y., Jillian Cohen, and Patricia Illingworth. 2004. “Orphan Drug Policies: Implications for the United States, Canada, and Developing Countries.” Health Law Journal 12: 183–200.

Christidis, Nikolaos, Peter A. Stott, Adam A. Scaife, Alberto Arribas, Gareth S. Jones, Dan Copsey, Jeff R. Knight, and Warren J. Tennant. 2013. “A New HadGEM3-A-Based System for Attribution of Weather- and Climate-Related Extreme Events.” Journal of Climate 26, no. 9: 2756–83. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00169.1.

Chwang, Eric. 2016. “Consent’s Been Framed: When Framing Effects Invalidate Consent and How to Validate It Again.” Journal of Applied Philosophy 33, no. 3: 270–85.

Clark, Andrew, Sarah Flèche, Richard Layard, Nattavudh Powdthavee, and George Ward. 2018. The Origins of Happiness: The Science of Well-Being over the Life Course. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Clark, Andrew, Richard Layard, and Claudia Senik. 2012. “The Causes of Happiness and Misery.” In World Happiness Report, edited by John Helliwell, Richard Layard, and Jeffrey Sachs, 59–89. New York: Earth Institute, Columbia University. https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2012/.

Cleland, Carol E. 2001. “Historical Science, Experimental Science, and the Scientific Method.” Geology 29, no. 1: 987–90.

Clement, Scott. 2017. “Discrimination against Whites Was a Core Concern of Trump’s Base.” Washington Post, August 2, 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/08/02/discrimination-against-whites-was-a-core-concern-of-trumps-base/.

Climate Analytics. n.d. “Global Warming Reaches 1°C above Preindustrial, Warmest in More than 1,000 Years.” Accessed June 5, 2019. https://climateanalytics.org/briefings/global-warming-reaches-1c-above-preindustrial-warmest-in-more-than-11000-years/.

Clinton, Bill. 1996. “Text of President Clinton’s Announcement on Welfare Legislation.” New York Times, August 1. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/01/us/text-of-president-clinton-s-announcement-on-welfare-legislation.html.

Clots-Figueras, Irma, and Paolo Masella. 2013. “Education, Language and Identity.” The Economic Journal 123, no. 570: F332–F357.

Coates, Ta-Nehisi. 2015. Between the World and Me. New York: Random House.

Cohen, Gerald A. 1993. “Equality of What? On Welfare, Goods, and Capabilities.” In The Quality of Life, edited by Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen, 9–29. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Colander, David C. 2008. Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Collier, David. 2011. “Understanding Process Tracing.” PS: Political Science & Politics 44, no. 4: 823–30.

Confessore, Nicholas, and Nate Cohn. 2016. “Donald Trump’s Victory Was Built on Unique Coalition of White Voters.” New York Times, November 9. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/us/politics/donald-trump-voters.html.

Cook, John, Dana Nuccitelli, Sarah A. Green, Mark Richardson, Bärbel Winkler, Rob Painting, Robert Way, Peter Jacobs, and Andrew Skuce. 2013. “Quantifying the Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming in the Scientific Literature.” Environmental Research Letters 8, no. 2: 024024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024024.

Covance. n.d. Phase IV Studies. Labcorp Drug Development. Accessed October 12, 2018. https://www.covance.com/industry-solutions/drug-development/by-phase/phase-iv-solutions.html.

Cox, Daniel, Rachel Lienesch, and Robert P. Jones. 2017. “Beyond Economics: Fears of Cultural Displacement Pushed the White Working Class to Trump.” PRRI/The Atlantic Report, May 9. https://www.prri.org/research/white-working-class-attitudes-economy-trade-immigration-election-donald-trump/.

Craig, Maureen A., and Jennifer A. Richeson. 2014. “On the Precipice of a ‘Majority-Minority’ America: Perceived Status Threat from the Racial Demographic Shift Affects White Americans’ Political Ideology.” Psychological Science 25, no. 6: 1189–97.

Creager, Angela N. H., Elizabeth Lunbeck, and M. Norton Wise, eds. 2007. Science without Laws: Model Systems, Cases, Exemplary Narratives. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Cronon, William. 1991. Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W. W. Norton.

Crosby, Alfred W. 1997. The Measure of Reality: Quantification in Western Europe, 1250–1600. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Crouch, Colin. 2004. Post-Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Da, Nan Z. 2019a. “The Computational Case against Computational Literary Studies.” Critical Inquiry 45, no. 3: 601–39.

———. 2019b. “The Digital Humanities Debacle: Computational Methods Repeatedly Come Up Short.” Chronicle of Higher Education, March 27. https://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Digital-Humanities-Debacle/245986.

Daniels, Norman. 2008. Just Health: Meeting Health Needs Fairly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dargent, Eduardo. 2015. Technocracy and Democracy in Latin America: The Experts Running Government. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Daston, Lorraine. 1992. “Objectivity and the Escape from Perspective.” Social Studies of Science 22, no. 4: 597–618.

———. 1995. “The Moral Economy of Science.” Osiris 10: 2–24.

———. 2016. “History of Science without Structure.” In Kuhn’s “Structure of Scientific Revolutions” at Fifty: Reflections on a Science Classic, edited by Robert J. Richards and Lorraine Daston, 115–32. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Daston, Lorraine, and Peter Galison. 2010. Objectivity. New York: Zone Books.

Davidson, Russell, and James G. MacKinnon. 1993. Estimation and Inference in Econometrics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Davies, William. 2015. The Happiness Industry: How the Government and Big Business Sold Us Well-Being. London: Verso.

———. 2017. “How Statistics Lost Their Power—and Why We Should Fear What Comes Next.” The Guardian, January 19. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jan/19/crisis-of-statistics-big-data-democracy.

———. 2018. Nervous States: Democracy and the Decline of Reason. New York: W. W. Norton.

Davis, Aeron. 2017. “The New Professional Econocracy and the Maintenance of Elite Power.” Political Studies 65, no. 3: 594–610.

Davis, Courtney, Joel Lexchin, Tom Jefferson, Peter Gøtzsche, and Martin McKee. 2016. “‘Adaptive Pathways’ to Drug Authorisation: Adapting to Industry?” British Medical Journal, Clinical Research Edition 354: i4437.

Davis, Mike. 2017. “The Great God Trump and the White Working Class.” Jacobin Magazine, February 7. https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/02/the-great-god-trump-and-the-white-working-class/.

Deacon, David, and Wendy Monk. 2006 “‘New Managerialism’ in the News: Media Coverage of Quangos in Britain.” Journal of Public Affairs 1, no. 2: 153–66.

Dean, John W., and Bob Altemeyer. 2020. Authoritarian Nightmare. New York: Melville House.

Deaton, Angus. 2016. “Measuring and Understanding Behavior, Welfare, and Poverty.” American Economic Review 106, no. 6: 1221–43.

Deaton, Angus, and Arthur A. Stone. 2016. “Response to Lucas, Oishi, and Diener.” Oxford Economic Papers 68, no. 4: 877–78.

Dee, Thomas S. 2004. “Are There Civic Returns to Education?” Journal of Public Economics 88: 1697–720.

De Man, Paul. 1986. Resistance to Theory. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel, Andrew E. Clark, Christian Krekel, Richard Layard, and Gus O’Donnell. 2020. “Taking a Wellbeing Years Approach to Policy Choice.” British Medical Journal 371: 3853.

Desrosières, Alain. 1998. The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning. Translated by Camille Naish. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

———. 2015. “Retroaction: How Indicators Feed Back onto Quantified Actors.” In The World of Indicators: The Making of Governmental Knowledge through Quantification, edited by Richard Rottenburg, Sally E. Merry, Sung-Joon Park, and Johanna Mugler, 329–53. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Devega, Chauncey. 2017. “Scholar Justin Gest on the White Working Class: ‘They Feel They Are Being Punished’ for the Past.” Salon, September 29. https://www.salon.com/2017/09/29/scholar-justin-gest-on-the-white-working-class-they-feel-they-are-being-punished-for-the-past/.

Dickson, Matt, and Colm Harmon. 2011. “Economic Returns to Education: What We Know, What We Don’t Know, and Where We Are Going—Some Brief Pointers.” Economics of Education Review 30, no. 6: 1118–22.

Diener, Ed, Robert Emmons, Randy Larsen, and Sharon Griffin. 1985. “The Satisfaction with Life Scale.” Journal of Personality Assessment 49, no. 1: 71–75.

Diener, Ed, Ronald Inglehart, and Louis Tay. 2013. “Theory and Validity of Life Satisfaction Scales.” Social Indicators Research 112, no. 3: 497–527.

Diener, Ed, Richard Lucas, Ulrich Schimmack, and John Helliwell. 2008. Well-Being for Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Diener, Ed, and Martin E. P. Seligman. 2004. “Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being.” Psychological Science in the Public Interest 5, no. 1: 1–31.

Diener, Ed, and Eunkook M. Suh, eds. 2003. Culture and Subjective Well-Being. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

D’Ignazio, Catherine, and Lauren Klein. 2020. Data Feminism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,

Douglas, Heather. 2009. Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Drucker, Johanna. 2014. Graphesis: Visual Forms of Knowledge Production. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

———. 2020. Visualization and Interpretation: Humanistic Approaches to Display. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Du Bois, W. E. B. 1903. The Souls of Black Folk. Chicago: A. C. McClurg.

Duncan, Greg J., and Saul D. Hoffman. 1981. “The Incidence and Wage Effects of Overeducation.” Economics of Education Review 1, no. 1: 75–86.

Earle, Joe, Cahal Moran, and Zach Ward-Perkins. 2017. The Econocracy: The Perils of Leaving Economics to the Experts. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Easterlin, Richard A. 1974. “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence.” In Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz, edited by Paul A. David and Melvin W. Reder, 89–125. New York: Academic Press.

Eatwell, Roger, and Matthew J. Goodwin. 2018. National Populism: The Revolt against Liberal Democracy. London: Pelican.

Eden, Jonathan M., Klaus Wolter, Friederike E. L. Otto, and Geert Jan van Oldenborgh. 2016. “Multi-Method Attribution Analysis of Extreme Precipitation in Boulder, Colorado.” Environmental Research Letters 11, no. 12: 124009.

Edsall, Thomas B. 2017. “The Democratic Party Is in Worse Shape than You Thought.” New York Times, June 8. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/08/opinion/the-democratic-party-is-in-worse-shape-than-you-thought.html.

———. 2018. “The Contract with Authoritarianism.” New York Times, April 5. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/05/opinion/trump-authoritarianism-republicans-contract.html.

Emery, Kim. 2008. “Outcomes Assessment and Standardization: A Queer Critique.” Profession: 255–59. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25595900.

Ender, Evelyne, and Deidre Lynch, eds. 2018. “Cultures of Reading.” Special issue, PMLA 133, no. 5.

Entous, Adam, and Ronan Farrow. 2018. “The Conspiracy Memo about Obama Aides That Circulated in the Trump White House.” New Yorker, August 23. https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-conspiracy-memo-aimed-at-obama-aides-that-circulated-in-the-trump-white-house.

Espeland, Wendy Nelson. 2015. “Narrating Numbers.” In The World of Indicators: The Making of Governmental Knowledge through Quantification, edited by Richard Rottenburg, Sally E. Merry, Sung-Joon Park, and Johanna Mugler, 56–75. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Espeland, Wendy Nelson, and Michael Sauder. 2012. “The Dynamism of Indicators.” In Governance by Indicators: Global Power through Quantification and Rankings, edited by Kevin E. Davis, Angelina Fisher, Benedict Kingsbury, and Sally Engle Merry, 86–109. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

———. 2016. Engines of Anxiety: Academic Rankings, Reputation, and Accountability. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Espeland, Wendy Nelson, and Mitchell Stevens. 1998. “Commensuration as a Social Process.” Annual Review of Sociology 24, no. 1: 313–43.

Estlund, David M. 2008. Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framework. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Eubanks, David. 2017. “A Guide for the Perplexed.” Intersection (Fall): 4–13. https://www.aalhe.org/assets/docs/AAHLE_Fall_2017_Intersection.pdf.

Eubanks, Virginia. 2018. Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

European Patients’ Academy on Therapeutic Innovation (EUPATI). n.d. “Health Technology Assessment Process: Fundamentals.” Accessed July 26, 2021. https://toolbox.eupati.eu/resources/health-technology-assessment-process-fundamentals/.

EURORDIS (Rare Diseases Europe). 2020. “What Is a Rare Disease?” EURORDIS, July 21. https://www.eurordis.org/content/what-rare-disease.

———. n.d. “EURORDIS Summer School.” Accessed October 6, 2018. https://openacademy.eurordis.org/summerschool/.

EvaluatePharma. 2014. Orphan Drug Report 2014. London: Evaluate. https://info.evaluategroup.com/rs/evaluatepharmaltd/images/2014OD.pdf.

———. 2017a. “Median Cost per Patient for Orphan Drugs Is 5.5 Times Higher than Non-Orphan Drugs.” February 28. https://www.evaluate.com/about/press-releases/median-cost-patient-orphan-drugs-55-times-higher-non-orphan-drugs.

———. 2017b. Orphan Drug Report 2017. London: Evaluate. http://info.evaluategroup.com/rs/607-YGS-364/images/EPOD17.pdf.

———. 2018. Orphan Drug Report 2018. London: Evaluate. https://www.evaluate.com/sites/default/files/media/download-files/OD18.pdf.

Ewell, Peter T. 2008. “Assessment and Accountability in America Today: Background and Context.” New Directions for Institutional Research S1 (Fall): 7–17.

Express KCS. 2015. “We Need to Measure Well-Being to Reverse Britain’s Social Decline.” City A.M., October 29. https://www.cityam.com/we-need-measure-well-being-reverse-britain-s-social-decline/.

Fabian, Mark. 2018. “Racing from Subjective Well-Being to Public Policy: A Review of The Origins of Happiness.” Journal of Happiness Studies 20, no. 6: 2011–26.

Felski, Rita. 2020. Hooked: Art and Attachment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Ferrer‐i-Carbonell, Ada, and Paul Frijters. 2004. “How Important Is Methodology for the Estimates of the Determinants of Happiness?” The Economic Journal 114, no. 497: 641–59.

Fichte, Johann G. 1988. Early Philosophical Writings. Translated and edited by Daniel Breazeale. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Finlayson, Alan. 2017. “Brexitism.” London Review of Books 39, no. 10. https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v39/n10/alan-finlayson/brexitism.

Fioramonti, Lorenzo. 2014a. How Numbers Rule the World: The Use and Abuse of Statistics in Global Politics. London: Zed Books.

———. 2014b. “The Politics of Numbers in the Age of Austerity.” OpenDemocracy, January 25. https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/lorenzo-fioramonti/politics-of-numbers-in-age-of-austerity.

Fish, Stanley. 1982. Is There a Text in This Class? The Authority of Interpretive Communities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Flanders, Julia. 2005. “Detailism, Digital Texts, and the Problem of Pedantry.” TEXT Technology 2: 41–70.

Fleming, Paul. 2012. “On the Edge of Non-Contingency: Anecdotes and the Lifeworld.” Telos 158: 21–35.

Flinders, Matthew. 2012. Defending Politics: Why Democracy Matters in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Flinders, Matthew, and Jim Buller. 2006. “Depoliticisation: Principles, Tactics and Tools.” British Politics 1, no. 3: 293–318.

Forrester, John. 1996. “If p, Then What? Thinking in Cases.” History of the Human Sciences 9, no. 3: 1–25.

———. 1997. Dispatches from the Freud Wars: Psychoanalysis and Its Passions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

———. 2016. Thinking in Cases. Malden, MA: Polity Press.

Foucault, Michel. 1980. “The Confession of the Flesh: An Interview.” In Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977, edited by Colin Gordon, 194–228. New York: Pantheon Books.

Fourcade, Marion. 2016. “Ordinalization.” Sociological Theory 34, no. 3: 175–95.

Freeman, Richard. 1976. The Overeducated American. New York: Academic Press.

———. 2006. “The Great Doubling: The Challenge of the New Global Labor Market.” UC Berkeley Econometrics Laboratory. https://eml.berkeley.edu/~webfac/eichengreen/e183_sp07/great_doub.pdf.

Fretz, Thomas A., ed. 2008. “The Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 and the Changing of Higher Education in America.” http://escop.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Morrill-Land-Grant-Act-and-Impacts.pdf.

Freud, Sigmund. (1915) 1966. “Repression.” In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, translated and edited by James Strachey, Anna Freud, Alix Strachey, and Alan Tyson. Vol. 14, On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement, Papers on Meta-Psychology and Other Works, 141–58. London: Hogarth Press.

Friedman, Milton. 2002. Capitalism and Freedom. Fortieth anniversary edition. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Friedman, Willa, Michael Kremer, Edward Miguel, and Rebecca Thornton. 2016. “Education as Liberation?” Economica 83, no. 329: 1–30.

Frigg, Roman, Seamus Bradley, Hailiang Du, and Leonard A. Smith. 2014. “Laplace’s Demon and the Adventures of His Apprentices.” Philosophy of Science 81, no. 1: 31–59.

Frijters, Paul, Andrew E. Clark, Christian Krekel, and Richard Layard. 2020. “A Happy Choice: Wellbeing as the Goal of Government.” Behavioural Public Policy 4, no. 2: 126–65.

Frye, Northrop. 1968. A Study of English Romanticism. New York: Random House.

Fujiwara, Daniel, and Ross Campbell. 2011. Valuation Techniques for Social Cost-Benefit Analysis: Stated Preference, Revealed Preference and Subjective Well-Being Approaches; A Discussion of the Current Issues. London: Her Majesty’s Treasury.

Gadamer, Hans-Georg. 1988. “On the Circle of Understanding.” In Hans-Georg Gadamer, Ernst Konrad Specht, and Wolfgang Stegmüller, Hermeneutics versus Science? Three German Views, translated and edited by John M. Connolly and Thomas Keutner, 68–78. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.

Galperin, William, ed. 2000. Re-Reading Box Hill: Reading the Practice of Reading; Everyday Life. Boulder, CO: Romantic Circles Praxis. https://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/boxhill/index.html.

Gavin, Michael. 2020. “Is There a Text in My Data? (Part 1): On Counting Words.” Journal of Cultural Analytics 1, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.11830.

Gebru, Timnit, et al. 2020. “Datasheets for Datasets.” March 19. https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.09010.

Geertz, Clifford. 2007. “‘To Exist Is to Have Confidence in One’s Way of Being’: Rituals as Model Systems.” In Science without Laws: Model Systems, Cases, Exemplary Narratives, edited by Angela N. H. Creager, Elizabeth Lunbeck, and M. Norton Wise, 212–24. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Gere, Cathy. 2017. Pain, Pleasure, and the Greater Good: From the Panopticon to the Skinner Box and Beyond. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Gigerenzer, Gerd, and Odette Wegwarth. 2013. “Five Year Survival Rates Can Mislead.” British Medical Journal 346: f548. https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f548.

Gillis, Justin. 2011. “Study Links Rise in Rain and Snow to Human Actions.” New York Times, February 17. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/17/science/earth/17extreme.html.

Ginzburg, Carlo. 2007. “Latitude, Slaves, and the Bible: An Experiment in Microhistory.” In Science without Laws: Model Systems, Cases, Exemplary Narratives, edited by Angela N. H. Creager, Elizabeth Lunbeck, and M. Norton Wise, 243–63. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Gladwell, Malcolm. 2008. Outliers: The Story of Success. New York: Little, Brown.

Glaeser, Edward L., Giacomo A. M. Ponzetto, and Andrei Shleifer. 2007. “Why Does Democracy Need Education?” Journal of Economic Growth 12: 77–99.

Glaeser, Edward L., and Albert Saiz. 2003. “The Rise of the Skilled City.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 10191. https://www.nber.org/papers/w10191.

Global Genes. n.d. “RARE Facts.” Accessed February 27, 2021. https://globalgenes.org/rare-facts/.

Global Strategy Group and Garin Hart Yang. 2017. “Post-Election Research: Persuadable and Drop-Off Voters.” Priorities USA. https://www.washingtonpost.com/r/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2017/05/01/Editorial-Opinion/Graphics/Post-election_Research_Deck.pdf?tid=a_inl.

Goldberger, Arthur Stanley. 1991. A Course in Econometrics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Goldrick-Rab, Sara. 2016. Paying the Price: College Costs, Financial Aid, and the Betrayal of the American Dream. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Golshan, Tara. 2016. “Full Transcript: Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump’s Final Presidential Debate.” Vox, October 19. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/10/19/13336894/third-presidential-debate-live-transcript-clinton-trump.

Gonyea, Don. 2017. “Majority of White Americans Say They Believe Whites Face Discrimination.” NPR, October 24. http://www.npr.org/2017/10/24/559604836/majority-of-white-americans-think-theyre-discriminated-against.

Good, James A. 2014. “The German Bildung Tradition.” Unpublished manuscript, July 7. https://www.academia.edu/8055120/The_German_Bildung_Tradition.

Goodman, Nelson. (1972) 1992. “Seven Strictures on Similarity.” In How Classification Works: Nelson Goodman among the Social Sciences, edited by Mary Douglas and David Hull, 13–23. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Goodwin, Jonathan. 2006. “Franco Moretti’s Graphs Maps Trees: A Valve Book Event.” The Valve, January 2.

Goodwin, Matthew J., and Oliver Heath. 2016. “The 2016 Referendum, Brexit and the Left Behind: An Aggregate-Level Analysis of the Result.” Political Quarterly 87, no. 3: 323–32.

Google Scholar. 2018. “Top Publications, Categories: Humanities, Literature & Arts.” https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=top_venues&hl=en&vq=hum.

Gorur, Radhika. 2014. “Towards a Sociology of Measurement in Education.” European Educational Research Journal 12, no. 1: 58–72.

Gottlieb, Scott. 2018. “FDA’s Comprehensive Effort to Advance New Innovations: Initiatives to Modernize for Innovation.” US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), August 29. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-voices/fdas-comprehensive-effort-advance-new-innovations-initiatives-modernize-innovation.

Gould, Philip. 1998. The Unfinished Revolution: How the Modernisers Saved the Labour Party. London: Little, Brown.

Graeber, David. 2018. Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Graff, Gerald, and Cathy Birkenstein. 2011. “A Progressive Case for Educational Standardization: How Not to Respond to Calls for Common Standards.” In Literary Study, Measurement, and the Sublime: Disciplinary Assessment, edited by Donna Heiland and Laura J. Rosethal, 217–26. New York: Teagle Foundation.

Gray, John. 2017. “Post Truth by Matthew D’Ancona and Post-Truth by Evan Davis: Is This Really a New Era of Politics?” The Guardian, May 19. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/may/19/post-truth-matthew-dancona-evan-davis-reiews.

Green, Erica L., Matt Apuzzo, and Katie Benner. 2018. “Trump Officials Reverse Obama’s Policy on Affirmative Action in Schools.” New York Times, July 4. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/03/us/politics/trump-affirmative-action-race-schools.html.

Greenberg, Stanley B. 2017. “The Democrats’ ‘Working-Class Problem.’” The American Prospect, June 1. http://prospect.org/article/democrats%E2%80%99-%E2%80%98working-class-problem%E2%80%99.

Greene, William H. 2008. Econometric Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Grice, Paul. 1975. “Logic and Conversation.” In Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts, edited by Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan, 41–58. New York: Academic Press.

Grieve, Richard, Keith Abrams, Karl Claxton, et al. 2016. “Cancer Drugs Fund Requires Further Reform.” British Medical Journal 354: i5090.

Guillory, John. 2002. “The Sokal Affair and the History of Criticism.” Critical Inquiry 28, no. 2: 470–508.

Gujarati, Damodar N. 1992. Essentials of Econometrics. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Hacking, Ian. 1990. The Taming of Chance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1995. The Emergence of Probability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Haddad, Christian, Haidan Chen, and Herbert Gottweis. 2013. “Unruly Objects: Novel Innovation Paths, and Their Regulatory Challenge.” In The Global Dynamics of Regenerative Medicine, edited by Andrew Webster, 88–117. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hahn, Ulrike, and Michael Ramscar, eds. 2001. Similarity and Categorization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hammond, Zaretta L. 2014. Culturally Responsive Teaching and the Brain: Promoting Authentic Engagement and Rigor among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.

Hampshire, James. 2018. “The Measure of a Nation.” Political Quarterly 89, no. 3: 370–76.

Hankins, Joseph, and Rihan Yeh. 2016. “To Bind and to Bound: Commensuration across Boundaries.” Anthropological Quarterly 89, no. 1: 5–30.

Hao, Karen. 2020. “We Read the Paper That Forced Timnit Gebru out of Google: Here’s What It Says.” MIT Technology Review, December 4. https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/12/04/1013294/google-ai-ethics-research-paper-forced-out-timnit-gebru/.

Haraway, Donna. 1990. Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science. New York: Routledge.

Harding, Sandra. 2004. “Introduction: Standpoint Theory as a Site of Political, Philosophical, and Scientific debate.” In The Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader: Intellectual and Political Controversies, edited by Sandra Harding, 1–14. New York: Routledge.

Harney, Stefano, and Fred Moten. 2016. The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study. London: Minor Compositions.

Harris, John. 2005a. “It’s Not NICE to Discriminate.” Journal of Medical Ethics 31, no. 7: 373–75.

———. 2005b. “Nice and Not So Nice.” Journal of Medical Ethics 31, no. 12: 685–88.

Harvard University Committee and James Bryant Conant. 1945. General Education in a Free Society: Report of the Committee. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Hassan, Steven. 2020. The Cult of Trump. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Hausman, Daniel M. 2015. Valuing Health: Well-Being, Freedom, and Suffering. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hay, Colin. 2007. Why We Hate Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Haybron, Daniel M. 2008. The Pursuit of Unhappiness: The Elusive Psychology of Well-Being. New York: Oxford University Press.

Heiland, Donna, and Laura J. Rosenthal, eds. 2011. Literary Study, Measurement, and the Sublime: Disciplinary Assessment. New York: Teagle Foundation.

Helleiner, Eric. 2014. The Status Quo Crisis: Global Financial Governance after the 2008 Meltdown. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Henry, Charles P. 2017. Black Studies and the Democratization of Higher Education. London: Palgrave.

Herder, Matthew. 2013. “When Everyone Is an Orphan: Against Adopting a US-Styled Orphan Drug Policy in Canada.” Accountability in Research 20, no. 4: 227–69.

Hersh, Eitan. 2015. Hacking the Electorate: How Campaigns Perceive Voters. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hoffman, Carl. 2020. Liar’s Circus. New York: Custom House.

Hofstadter, Richard. 1962. Anti-Intellectualism in American Life. New York: Knopf.

Hogle, Linda F. 2018. “Intersections of Technological and Regulatory Zones in Regenerative Medicine.” In Global Perspectives on Stem Cell Technologies, edited by Adithya Bharadwaj, 51–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Holmberg, Tora, Nete Schwennesen, and Andrew Webster. 2011. “Bio-Objects and the Bio-Objectification Process.” Croatian Medical Journal 52, no. 6: 740–42.

Howick, Jeremy. 2011. The Philosophy of Evidence-Based Medicine. Oxford: Wiley.

Hsiao, Cheng. 2014. Analysis of Panel Data. Cambridge University Press.

Huff, Darrell. 1954. How to Lie with Statistics. New York: Norton.

Hulme, Mike. 2014. “Attributing Weather Extremes to ‘Climate Change’: A Review.” Progress in Physical Geography 38, no. 4: 499–511.

Hulme, Mike, Saffron J. O’Neill, and Suraje Dessai. 2011. “Is Weather Event Attribution Necessary for Adaptation Funding?” Science 334, no. 6057: 764–65.

Huneman, Philippe, Gerard Lambert, and Marc Silberstein. 2015. “Introduction: Surveying the Revival in the Philosophy of Medicine.” In Classification, Disease and Evidence, edited by Philippe Huneman, Philippe, Gerard Lambert, and Marc Silberstein, vii–xx. New York: Springer.

Huppert, Felicia A., Nicky Baylis, and Barry Keverne. 2005. The Science of Well-Being. New York: Oxford University Press.

Ifill, Gwen. 2016. “Questions for President Obama: A Town Hall Special.” PBS NewsHour, June 1. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/questions-for-president-obama-a-town-hall-special.

Imbens, Guido W. 2010. “Better LATE than Nothing: Some Comments on Deaton 2009 and Heckman and Urzua 2009.” Journal of Economic Literature 48, no. 2: 399–423.

Inglehart, Ronald F., and Pippa Norris. 2016. “Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic Have-Nots and Cultural Backlash.” Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Research Working Paper RWP16-026. https://www.hks.harvard.edu/publications/trump-brexit-and-rise-populism-economic-have-nots-and-cultural-backlash.

Inoue, Asao B. 2015. Antiracist Writing Assessment Ecologies: Teaching and Assessing Writing for a Socially Just Future. Fort Collins, CO: WAC Clearinghouse.

Jackson, Jennifer. 1991. “Telling the Truth in Medicine.” Journal of Medical Ethics 17, no. 1: 5–9

JillD55. 2018. “20 Floors on Flat Ground?” Fitbit Community, August 6, 2018. https://community.fitbit.com/t5/Fitbit-com-Dashboard/20-floors-on-flat-ground/td-p/2879299.

Jo, Eun Seo, and Timnit Gebru. 2020. “Lessons from the Archive: Strategies for Collecting Sociocultural Data in Machine Learning.” In Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT* ’20), January 27–30, 2020, Barcelona, Spain. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 306–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372829.

Jockers, Matthew. 2011. “The LDA Buffet Is Now Open: Or, Latent Dirichlet Allocation for English Majors.” September 29. http://www.matthewjockers.net/2011/09/29/the-lda-buffet-is-now-open-or-latent-dirichlet-allocation-for-english-majors/.

———. 2013. Macroanalysis: Digital Methods and Literary History. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

John, Stephen. 2015. “The Example of the IPCC Does Not Vindicate the Value Free Ideal: A Reply to Gregor Betz.” European Journal for Philosophy of Science 5, no. 1: 1–13.

———. 2018. “Epistemic Trust and the Ethics of Science Communication: Against Transparency, Openness, Sincerity and Honesty.” Social Epistemology 32, no. 2: 75–87.

———. 2021. “Scientific Deceit.” Synthese 198, no. 1: 373–94.

Johnston, John. 1972. Econometric Methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Judge, George G., Rufus Carter Hill, William Griffiths, and Tsoung Chao Lee. 1980. Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Econometrics. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Jukola, Saana. 2019. “On the Evidentiary Standards for Nutrition Advice.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biology and Biomedical Sciences 73: 1–9.

Kahneman, Daniel. 2011. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Kahneman, Daniel, Ed Diener, and Norbert Schwarz, eds. 1999. Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Kahneman, Daniel, and Alan B. Krueger. 2006. “Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 1: 3–24.

Kahneman, Daniel, Alan B. Krueger, David A. Schkade, Norbert Schwarz, and Arthur A. Stone. 2004a. “A Survey Method for Characterizing Daily Life Experience: The Day Reconstruction Method.” Science 306, no. 5702: 1776–80.

———. 2004b. “Toward National Well-Being Accounts.” American Economic Review 94, no. 2: 429–34.

Kant, Immanuel. 1997. “On a Supposed Right to Lie from Philanthropy.” In Immanuel Kant: Practical Philosophy, translated by Mary Gregor, 609–15. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Katikireddi, S. Vittal, and Sean A. Valles. 2015. “Coupled Ethical–Epistemic Analysis of Public Health Research and Practice: Categorizing Variables to Improve Population Health and Equity.” American Journal of Public Health 105, no. 1: e36–e42.

Kelly, Ann H., and Linsey McGoey. 2018. “Facts, Power and Global Evidence: A New Empire of Truth.” Economy and Society 47, no. 1: 1–26.

Kennedy, Peter E. 2008. A Guide to Econometrics. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

Kesselheim, Aaron S., Carolyn L. Treasure, and Steven Joffe. 2017. “Biomarker-Defined Subsets of Common Diseases: Policy and Economic Implications of Orphan Drug Act Coverage.” PLOS Medicine 14, no. 1: e1002190.

Kessler, Glenn. 2021. “In Four Years, President Trump Made 30,573 False or Misleading Claims.” Washington Post, January 20. https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-claims-database/.

Kiker, B. F., Maria C. Santos, and M. Mendes de Oliveira. 1997. “Overeducation and Undereducation: Evidence from Portugal.” Economics of Education Review 16, no. 2: 111–25.

King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Kitcher, Philip. 2003. Science, Truth and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Klein, Lauren F. 2016. “Distant Reading after Moretti.” Talk given at the MLA Convention, Varieties of Digital Humanities. http://lklein.com/2018/01/distant-reading-after-moretti/.

———. 2019. “What the New Computational Rigor Should Be.” Critical Inquiry: In the Moment, April 1. In “Computational Literary Studies: Participant Forum Responses.” https://critinq.wordpress.com/2019/04/01/computational-literary-studies-participant-forum-responses-5/.

Kramnick, Jonathan. 2011. “Against Literary Darwinism.” Critical Inquiry 37, no. 2: 315–47.

Krueger, Alan B., and Mikael Lindahl. 2001. “Education for Growth: Why and for Whom?” Journal of Economic Literature 39, no. 4: 1101–36.

Krugman, Paul. 2017. “Their Own Private Pyongyang.” New York Times, June 13. https://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2017/06/13/their-own-private-pyongyang/.

Krugman, Paul, and Robin Wells. 2006. Economics. New York: Worth.

Kuttner, Robert. 2014. “Obama’s Obama: The Contradictions of Cass Sunstein.” Harper’s Magazine, December 1. https://harpers.org/archive/2014/12/obamas-obama/.

Lakoff, George. 1996. Moral Politics: What Conservatives Know That Liberals Don’t. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lange, Fabian, and Robert Topel. 2006. “The Social Value of Education and Human Capital.” In Handbook of the Economics of Education, vol. 1, edited by Eric Hanushek and Finis Welch, 459–509. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Larroulet-Philippi, Cristian. 2021. “On Measurement Scales: Neither Ordinal nor Interval?” Preprint. http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/19169.

Lauter, David. 1993. “Clinton Withdraws Guinier as Nominee for Civil Rights Job: Justice Department: The President Says He Only Lately Read Her Legal Writings. He Decided She Stood for Principles He Could Not Support in a Divisive Confirmation Battle.” Los Angeles Times, June 4. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-04-mn-43290-story.html.

Layard, Richard. 2005. Happiness: Lessons from a New Science. London: Penguin.

Lemke, Thomas. 2001. “‘The Birth of Bio-Politics’: Michel Foucault’s Lecture at the Collège de France on Neo-Liberal Governmentality.” Economy and Society 30, no. 2: 190–207.

Leonard, Thomas C. 2008. Review of Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein, Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness. Constitutional Political Economy 19, no. 4: 356–60.

Lepore, Jill. 2015. “Politics and the New Machine.” New Yorker, November 8. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/11/16/politics-and-the-new-machine.

Levy, Ed. 2001. “Quantification, Mandated Science and Judgment.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 32, no. 4: 723–37.

Lichtenberg, Pesach, Uriel Heresco-Levy, and Uriel Nitzan. 2004. “The Ethics of the Placebo in Clinical Practice.” Journal of Medical Ethics 30, no. 6: 551–55.

Lieberman, Robert C., Suzanne Mettler, Thomas B. Pepinsky, Kenneth M. Roberts, and Richard Valelly. 2017. “Trumpism and American Democracy: History, Comparison, and the Predicament of Liberal Democracy in the United States.” SSRN, August 31. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3028990.

Lind, Michael. 2020. The New Class War: Saving Democracy from the Managerial Elite. New York: Penguin.

Liu, Alan. 2013. “What Is the Meaning of the Digital Humanities to the Humanities?” PMLA 128, no. 2: 409–23.

Lloyd, Elisabeth A., and Naomi Oreskes. 2018. “Climate Change Attribution: When Is It Appropriate to Accept New Methods?” Earth’s Future 6, no. 3: 311–25.

Lochner, Lance. 2011. “Non-Production Benefits of Education: Crime, Health, and Good Citizenship.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 16722. https://www.nber.org/papers/w16722.

Long, Hoyt, and Richard Jean So. 2016. “Literary Pattern Recognition: Modernism between Close Reading and Machine Learning.” Critical Inquiry 42, no. 2: 235–67.

Lothrop, George van Ness. 1878. “A Plea for Education as a Public Duty.” Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Board of Regents. http://www.umich.edu/~bhlumrec/c/commence/1878-Lothrop.pdf.

Lott, John R. 1999. “Public Schooling, Indoctrination, and Totalitarianism.” Journal of Political Economy 107, no. S6: S127–S157.

Loughnot, David. 2005. “Potential Interactions of the Orphan Drug Act and Pharmacogenomics: A Flood of Orphan Drugs and Abuses?” American Journal of Law and Medicine 31, no. 2–3: 365–80.

Lucas, Richard E., and Nicole M. Lawless 2013. “Does Life Seem Better on a Sunny Day? Examining the Association between Daily Weather Conditions and Life Satisfaction Judgments.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 104, no. 5: 872–84.

Lucas, Richard E., Shigehiro Oishi, and Ed Diener. 2016. “What We Know about Context Effects in Self-Report Surveys of Well-Being: Comment on Deaton and Stone.” Oxford Economic Papers 68, no. 4: 871–76.

Lucas, Robert E. 1988. “On the Mechanics of Economic Development.” Journal of Monetary Economics 22: 3–42.

Lupton, Deborah. 2017. The Quantified Self. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Lusk, Greg. 2017. “The Social Utility of Event Attribution: Liability, Adaptation, and Justice-Based Loss and Damage.” Climatic Change 143, no. 1–2: 201–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-1967-3.

Luterbacher, Jürg, Daniel Dietrich, Elena Xoplaki, Martin Grosjean, and Heinz Wanner. 2004. “European Seasonal and Annual Temperature Variability, Trends, and Extremes since 1500.” Science 303, no. 5663: 1499–1503.

Machin, Stephen, and Anna Vignoles. 2018. What’s the Good of Education? The Economics of Education in the UK. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Maddala, Gangadharrao Soundaryarao. 1977. Econometrics. New York: McGraw-Hill.

———. 1992. Introduction to Econometrics. New York: Macmillan.

Maher, Paul, and Marlene Haffner. 2006. “Orphan Drug Designation and Pharmacogenomics.” BioDrugs 20, no. 2: 71–79.

Mair, Peter. 2013. Ruling the Void: The Hollowing of Western Democracy. London: Verso.

Mandell, Laura. 2015. Breaking the Book: Print Humanities in the Digital Age. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

———. 2019. “Gender and Cultural Analytics: Finding or Making Stereotypes?” In Debates in Digital Humanities, edited by Matthew K. Gold and Lauren F. Klein, 3–26. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Manson, Neil, and Onora O’Neill. 2007. Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Marginson, Simon. 2016. Higher Education and the Common Good. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press.

Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. 1978. The Marx-Engels Reader. Translated by Robert C. Tucker. New York: W. W. Norton.

Mazella, David. 2011. “English Departments, Assessment, and Organizational Learning.” In Literary Study, Measurement, and the Sublime: Disciplinary Assessment, edited by Donna Heiland and Laura J. Rosenthal, 227–58. New York: Teagle Foundation.

McCabe, Cristopher, Karl Claxton, and Anthony J. Culyer. 2008. “The NICE Cost-Effectiveness Threshold: What It Is and What That Means.” Pharmacoeconomics 26, no. 9: 733–44.

McDonnell, Duncan, and Marco Valbruzzi. 2014. “Defining and Classifying Technocrat-Led and Technocratic Governments.” European Journal of Political Research 53, no. 4: 654–71.

McElwee, Sean, and Jason McDaniel. 2017. “Economic Anxiety Didn’t Make People Vote Trump, Racism Did.” The Nation, May 8. https://www.thenation.com/article/economic-anxiety-didnt-make-people-vote-trump-racism-did/.

McGoey, Linsey. 2012. “Strategic Unknowns: Towards a Sociology of Ignorance.” Economy and Society 41, no. 1: 1–16.

McGuinness, Seamus. 2006. “Overeducation in the Labour Market.” Journal of Economic Surveys 20, no. 3: 387–418.

McKeon, Michael. 1987. The Origins of the English Novel, 1600–1740. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

McMahon, Walter W. 2009. Higher Learning, Greater Good: The Private and Social Benefits of Higher Education. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Meekings, Kiran, Cory Williams, and John Arrowsmith. 2012. “Orphan Drug Development: An Economically Viable Strategy for Biopharma R&D.” Drug Discovery Today 17, no. 13: 660–64.

Megill, Allan. 1994. Rethinking Objectivity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Mena, Bryan. 2021. “Gov. Greg Abbott and Other Republicans Blamed Green Energy for Texas’ Power Woes: But the State Runs on Fossil Fuels.” Texas Tribune, February 17. https://www.texastribune.org/2021/02/17/abbott-republicans-green-energy/.

Menand, Louis, Paul Reitter, and Chad Wellmon. 2016. The Rise of the Research University: A Sourcebook. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Meranze, Michael. 2015. “Humanities out of Joint.” American Historical Review 120, no. 4: 1311–26.

Merriman, Ben. 2015. “A Science of Literature.” Boston Review, August 3. http://bostonreview.net/books-ideas/ben-merriman-moretti-jockers-digital-humanities.

Merry, Sally Engle. 2011. “Measuring the World: Indicators, Human Rights, and Global Governance.” Current Anthropology 52, no. S3: S83–S93.

———. 2016. The Seductions of Quantification: Measuring Human Rights, Gender Violence, and Sex Trafficking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Miller, Margaret A. 2012. “From Denial to Acceptance: The Stages of Assessment.” National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment Occasional Paper No. 13 (January).

Mimno, David. 2013. “jsLDA.” GitHub release with MIT License. https://github.com/mimno/jsLDA.

Mirowski, Philip. 2013. Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste: How Neoliberalism Survived the Financial Meltdown. London: Verso.

Mitchell, Polly, and Anna Alexandrova. 2020. “Well-Being and Pluralism.” Journal of Happiness Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00323-8.

Mizoguchi, Hirokuni, Takayuki Yamanaka, and Shingo Kano. 2016. “Research and Drug Development Activities in Rare Diseases: Differences between Japan and Europe Regarding Influence of Prevalence.” Drug Discovery Today 21, no. 10 (2016): 1681–89.

Moi, Toril. 2017. Revolution of the Ordinary: Literary Studies after Wittgenstein, Austin, and Cavell. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Montgomery, Catherine. 2016. “From Standardization to Adaptation: Clinical Trials and the Moral Economy of Anticipation.” Science as Culture 26, no. 2: 232–54.

Moretti, Enrico. 2004. “Estimating the Social Return to Higher Education: Evidence from Longitudinal and Repeated Cross-Sectional Data.” Journal of Econometrics 121, no. 1–2: 175–212.

Moretti, Franco. 2000. “Conjectures on World Literature.” New Left Review 1 (January–February): 54–68.

———. 2006. “The End of the Beginning.” New Left Review 41 (September–October): 71–86.

———. 2007. Graphs, Maps, Trees: Abstract Models for a Literary History. London: Verso.

———. 2009a. “Critical Response II: ‘Relatively Blunt.’” Critical Inquiry 36, no. 1: 172–74.

———. 2009b. “Style, Inc. Reflections on Seven Thousand Titles (British Novels, 1740–1850).” Critical Inquiry 36, no. 1: 134–58.

———. 2013. Distant Reading. London: Verso.

Morgan, Mary S. 2007. “The Curious Case of the Prisoner’s Dilemma: Model Situation? Exemplary Narrative?” In Science without Laws: Model Systems, Cases, Exemplary Narratives, edited by Angela N. H. Creager, Elizabeth Lunbeck, and M. Norton Wise, 157–88. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Morgan, Mary. S., and Maria Bach. 2018. “Measuring Development—from the UN’s Perspective.” History of Political Economy 50, no. S1: 193–210.

Moscati, Ivan. 2013. “How Cardinal Utility Entered Economic Analysis: 1909–1944.” European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 20, no. 6: 906–39.

Mounk, Yascha. 2018. The People vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Mudde, Cas. 2004. “The Populist Zeitgeist.” Government and Opposition 39, no. 4: 542–63.

Müller, Jan-Werner. 2016. What Is Populism? Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Muller, Jerry Z. 2018. The Tyranny of Metrics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Nakassis, Constantine V. “Brands and Their Surfeits.” Cultural Anthropology 28, no. 1 (2013): 111–26.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/21852.

National Commission on Excellence in Education. 1983. A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

National Economic Council and Office of Science and Technology Policy. 2015. “A Strategy for American Innovation.” Obama White House Archives. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/strategy_for_american_innovation_october_2015.pdf.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). 2008. “Social Value Judgements: Principles for the Development of NICE Guidance.” Version 2. National Center for Biotechnology Information, July. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK395865/.

———. 2013. “Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal 2013.” https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg9/chapter/foreword.

———. 2016. “Specification for Cancer Drugs Fund Data Collection Arrangements.” Centre for Health Technology Evaluation, Technology Appraisals Programme. https://www.nice.org.uk/Media/Default/About/what-we-do/NICE-guidance/NICE-technology-appraisal-guidance/cancer-drugs-fund/data-collection-specification.pdf.

Natsis, Yannis. 2016. “Scientists Voice Concerns about Adaptive Pathways.” European Public Health Alliance, May 26. https://epha.org/scientists-voice-concerns-about-adaptive-pathways/.

Nelson, Laura. 2020. “TAMIDS Seminar Laura Nelson 2020 10 02.” Lecture, Texas A&M Institute of Data Science, October 29. YouTube video, 42:54. https://youtu.be/UPjbJztuU00.

Newfield, Christopher. 1996. The Emerson Effect: Individualism and Submission in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

———. 2003. Ivy and Industry: Business and the Making of the American University, 1880–1980. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

———. 2008. Unmaking the Public University: The Forty Year Assault on the Middle Class. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

———. 2016. The Great Mistake: How We Wrecked Public Universities and How We Can Fix Them. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Newman, John Henry. 1996. The Idea of a University. Edited by Frank Turner. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

NHS England Cancer Drugs Fund Team. 2016. Appraisal and Funding of Cancer Drugs from July 2016 (Including the New Cancer Drugs Fund): A New Deal for Patients, Taxpayers and Industry. London: NHS England. https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/cdf-sop.pdf.

Nichols, Tom. 2020. “A Large Portion of the Electorate Chose the Sociopath.” The Atlantic, November 4. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/11/large-portion-electorate-chose-sociopath/616994/.

Nirenberg, David, and Ricardo L. Nirenberg. 2021. Uncountable: A Philosophical History of Number and Humanity from Antiquity to the Present. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Noble, Safiya Umoja. 2018. Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. New York: New York University Press.

Norris, Pippa. 2011. Democratic Deficit: Critical Citizens Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nullis, Clare. 2018. “Greenhouse Gas Levels in Atmosphere Reach New Record.” World Meteorological Organization, November 20. https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/greenhouse-gas-levels-atmosphere-reach-new-record.

Nussbaum, Martha. 1992. “Human Functioning and Social Justice: In Defense of Aristotelian Essentialism.” Political Theory 20, no. 2: 202–46.

Nuwer, Rachel. 2012. “Data Mining the Classics Clusters Women Authors Together, Puts Melville out on a Raft.” Smithsonian Magazine, Smart News, August 27. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/data-mining-the-classics-clusters-women-authors-together-puts-mellville-out-on-a-raft-16028354/.

O’Carroll, Eoin. 2018. “Can Your Boss Make You Wear a Fitness Tracker?” Christian Science Monitor, March 15. https://www.csmonitor.com/Technology/2018/0315/Can-your-boss-make-you-wear-a-Fitbit.

O’Connor, Brendon. 2002. “Policies, Principles, and Polls: Bill Clinton’s Third Way Welfare Politics, 1992–1996.” Australian Journal of Politics and History 48, no. 3: 396–411.

Office for National Statistics (ONS). 2012. “Proposed Domains and Headline Indicators for Measuring National Well-Being.” http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/about-ons/get-involved/consultations/archived-consultations/2012/measuring-national-well-being-domains/index.html.

———. 2018. “GDP First Quarterly Estimate, UK: April to June 2018.” https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/bulletins/gdpfirstquarterlyestimateuk/apriltojune2018#toc.

———. 2019. “Measures of National Well-Being Dashboard, October 23, 2019.” https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/articles/measuresofnationalwellbeingdashboard/2018-04-25.

Ogden, Thomas. 1997. Reverie and Interpretation: Sensing Something Human. New York: Jason Aronson.

Oishi, Shigehiro, Ulrich Schimmack, and Stanley J. Colcombe. 2003. “The Contextual and Systematic Nature of Life Satisfaction Judgments.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 39, no. 3: 232–47.

Olsen, Henry. 2021. “New Poll: There Is No Singular Trump Voter.” Washington Post, February 5. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/02/05/new-poll-there-is-no-singular-trump-voter/.

O’Neil, Cathy. 2016. Weapons of Math Destruction. New York: Crown.

O’Neill, Onora, Jocelyn Cornwell, Alastair Thompson, and Charles Vincent. 2008. Safer Births: Everybody’s Business. London: King’s Fund.

Oreopoulos, Philip, and Kjell G. Salvanes. 2011. “Priceless: The Nonpecuniary Benefits of Schooling.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 25: 159–84.

Oreskes, Naomi. 2004. “The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change.” Science 306, no. 5702: 1686–86.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2013. OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-Being. Paris: OECD iLibrary. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264191655-en.

———. 2017. How’s Life? 2017: Measuring Well-Being. Paris: OECD iLibrary. https://doi.org/10.1787/how_life-2017-en.

O’Rourke, Brian, Wija Oortwijn, and Tara Schuller. 2020. “Announcing the New Definition of Health Technology Assessment.” Value Health 23, no. 6: 824–25. https://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/article/S1098-3015(20)32060-X/pdf.

Otto, Friederike E. L., Geert J. van Oldenborgh, Jonathan Eden, David J. Karoly, Peter A. Stott, and Myles R. Allen. 2016. “Framing the Question of Attribution of Extreme Weather Events.” Nature Climate Change 6, no. 9: 813–16.

Parker, Wendy S. 2009. “Confirmation and Adequacy-for-Purpose in Climate Modelling.” Aristotelian Society Supplementary 83, no. 1: 233–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8349.2009.00180.x.

———. 2010. “Whose Probabilities? Predicting Climate Change with Ensembles of Models.” Philosophy of Science 77, no. 5: 985–97. https://doi.org/10.1086/656815.

———. 2014. “Values and Uncertainties in Climate Prediction, Revisited.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 46: 24–30.

Pearson, Steven. 2007. “Standards of Evidence.” In The Learning Healthcare System: Workshop Summary of the Roundtable on Evidence-Based Medicine, edited by LeighAnne Olsen, Dara Aisner, and J. Michael McGinnis, 171–74. Washington DC: National Academies Press.

Perry, Tim. 2016. “Clinton Sets the Record Straight on Her Free Trade Stance.” CBS News, May 9. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/clinton-sets-the-record-straight-on-her-free-trade-stance/.

Peters, Chris. 2014. “5 a Day All over the World?” Sense about Science, January 29. http://archive.senseaboutscience.org/blog.php/81/5-a-day-all-over-the-world.html.

Philipsen, Dirk. 2015. The Little Big Number: How GDP Came to Rule the World and What to Do about It. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Phillips, Adam. 1994. “The Experts.” London Review of Books 16, no. 24. https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v16/n24/adam-phillips/the-experts.

Phillips, Chuck. 1992. “‘I Do Not Advocate . . . Murdering’: ‘Raptivist’ Sister Souljah Disputes Clinton Charge.” Los Angeles Times, June 17. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-17-ca-573-story.html.

Piketty, Thomas. 2014. Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Piper, Andrew. 2018. Enumerations: Data and Literary Study. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

———. 2020a. Can We Be Wrong? The Problem of Textual Evidence in a Time of Data. New York: Cambridge University Press.

———. 2020b. “Do We Know What We’re Doing?” Journal of Cultural Analytics 1, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.11826.

Pogge, Thomas. 2002. “Can the Capability Approach Be Justified?” Philosophical Topics 30, no. 2: 167–228.

Poniewozik, James. 2019. Audience of One: Donald Trump, Television, and the Fracturing of America. New York: Liveright.

Poovey, Mary. 1998. A History of the Modern Fact: Problems of Knowledge in the Sciences of Wealth and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Porter, Theodore M. 1992. “Quantification and the Accounting Ideal in Science.” Social Studies of Science 22, no. 4: 633–51.

———. 1994. “Making Things Quantitative.” Science in Context 7, no. 3: 389–407.

———. 1995. Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Power, Michael. 1997. The Audit Society: Rituals of Verification. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Premier Research. n.d. “Mapping the New Landscape of Orphan Drug Development.” Accessed February 26, 2021. https://premier-research.com/mapping-the-new-landscape-of-orphan-drug-development/.

Prendergast, Christopher. 2005. “Evolution and Literary History: A Response to Franco Moretti.” New Left Review 34 (July–August): 40–62.

President’s Commission on Higher Education. 1947. Higher Education for Democracy: A Report of the President’s Commission on Higher Education. Vol. 1. New York: Harper and Brothers.

Pritchett, Lant. 2001. “Where Has All the Education Gone?” World Bank Economic Review 15, no. 3: 367–91.

———. 2006. “Does Learning to Add Up Add Up? The Returns to Schooling in Aggregate Data” In Handbook of the Economics of Education, vol. 1, edited by Eric Hanushek and Finis Welch, 635–95. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

Ragin, Charles C., and Howard S. Becker. 1992. “Introduction: Cases of ‘What Is a Case?’” In What Is a Case? Exploring the Foundations of Social Inquiry, edited by Charles C. Ragin and Howard S. Becker, 3–18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ramsay, Steve. 2011. Reading Machines: Toward an Algorithmic Criticism. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.

Rasi, Guido, and Hans-Georg Eichler. 2016. Letter to Silvio Garattini et al., June 16. European Medicines Agency. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Other/2016/06/WC500208968.pdf.

Rawlins, Michael, David Barnett, and Andrew Stevens. 2010. “Pharmacoeconomics: NICE’s Approach to Decision-Making.” British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 70, no. 3: 346–49.

Rawls, John. 1993. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.

———. 1999. A Theory of Justice. Rev. ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Ray, Rashawn, and William A. Galston. 2020. “Did the 1994 Crime Bill Cause Mass Incarceration?” Brookings, August 28. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2020/08/28/did-the-1994-crime-bill-cause-mass-incarceration/.

Rees, Clea. 2014. “Better Lie!” Analysis 74, no. 1: 69–74.

Reeves, Richard V. 2018. Dream Hoarders: How the American Upper Middle Class Is Leaving Everyone Else in the Dust, Why That Is a Problem, and What to Do about It. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

Reich, Robert. 1991. The Work of Nations. New York: Vintage.

Reiss, Julian. 2016. Error in Economics: Towards a More Evidence-Based Methodology. London: Routledge.

Reynolds, Glenn. 2017. “The Suicide of Expertise.” USA Today, March 20.

Richardson, Henry. 1990. “Specifying Norms as a Way to Resolve Concrete Ethical Problems.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 19, no. 4: 279–310.

Robinson, Cedric J. 2007. Forgeries of Memory and Meaning: Blacks and the Regimes of Race in American Theater and Film before World War II. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

———. 2016. Terms of Order. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Rockwell, Geoffrey, and Stéfan Sinclair. 2016. Hermeneutica: Computer-Assisted Interpretation in the Humanities. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Rodrik, Dani. 2006. “Goodbye Washington Consensus, Hello Washington Confusion? A Review of the World Bank’s Economic Growth in the 1990s: Learning from a Decade of Reform.” Journal of Economic Literature 44, no. 4: 973–87.

Rogers, Wendy A., and Mary Jean Walker. 2017. “The Line-Drawing Problem in Disease Definition.” Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 42, no. 4: 405–23.

Romer, Paul M. 1990. “Endogenous Technological Change.” Journal of Political Economy 98, no. 5: S71–S102.

Rorty, Richard. 1989. Contingency, Irony and Solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rosenthal, Laura J. 2011. “Assessment, Literary Study, and Disciplinary Futures.” In Literary Study, Measurement, and the Sublime: Disciplinary Assessment, edited by Donna Heiland and Laura J. Rosenthal, 183–98. New York: Teagle Foundation.

Ross, Shawna. 2014. “In Praise of Overstating the Case: A Review of Franco Moretti, Distant Reading (Verso 2013).” Digital Humanities Quarterly 8, no. 1. http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/8/1/000171/000171.html.

Rottenburg, Richard, Sally E. Merry, Sun-Joon Park, and Johanna Mugler, eds. 2015. The World of Indicators: The Making of Governmental Knowledge through Quantification. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rottenburg, Richard, and Sally Engle Merry. 2015. “A World of Indicators: The Making of Governmental Knowledge through Indicators.” In The World of Indicators: The Making of Governmental Knowledge through Quantification, edited by Richard Rottenburg, Sally E. Merry, Sung-Joon Park, and Johanna Mugler, 1–33. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rumberger, Russell W. 1987. “The Impact of Surplus Schooling on Productivity and Earnings.” Journal of Human Resources 22, no. 1: 24–50.

Rustin, Susanna. 2012. “Can Happiness Be Measured?” Interview with Richard Layard and Julian Baggini. The Guardian, July 20. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jul/20/wellbeing-index-happiness-julian-baggini.

Rybicki, Jan. 2016. “Vive la différence: Tracing the (Authorial) Gender Signal by Multivariate Analysis of Word Frequencies.” Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 31, no. 4: 746–61.

Sala-i-Martin, Xavier X. 1997. “I Just Ran Four Million Regressions.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 6252. https://www.nber.org/papers/w6252.

Salvanto, Anthony, Jennifer de Pinto, Fred Backus, Kabir Khanna, and Elena Cox. 2020. “CBS News Poll: Most Feel Election Is ‘Settled’ but Trump Voters Disagree.” CBS News, December 13. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-poll-most-feel-election-is-settled-but-trump-voters-disagree/.

Samuels, David. 2016. “The Aspiring Novelist Who Became Obama’s Foreign-Policy Guru.” New York Times Magazine, May 5. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/08/magazine/the-aspiring-novelist-who-became-obamas-foreign-policy-guru.html.

Samuelson, Paul A., and William D. Nordhaus. 2005. Economics. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Sass, Louis A. 2004. “‘Negative Symptoms,’ Common Sense and Cultural Disembedding in the Modern Age.” In Schizophrenia, Culture, and Subjectivity: The Edge of Experience, edited by Janis Hunter Jenkins and Robert Barrett, 303–28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sasson, Eric. 2016. “Blame Trump’s Victory on College-Educated Whites, Not the Working Class.” New Republic, November 15. https://newrepublic.com/article/138754/blame-trumps-victory-college-educated-whites-not-working-class.

Saul, Jennifer. 2012. Lying, Misleading, and What Is Said. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Schmidt, Alexander. 2013. “Self-Cultivation (Bildung) and Sociability between Mankind and the Nation: Fichte and Schleiermacher on Higher Education.” In Ideas of Education: Philosophy and Politics from Plato to Dewey, edited by Christopher Brooke and Elizabeth Frazer, 160–77. London: Routledge.

Schmidt, Ben. 2019. “A Computational Critique of a Computational Critique of Computational Critique.” March 18. http://benschmidt.org/post/critical_inquiry/2019-03-18-nan-da-critical-inquiry/.

Schroeder, Carsten, and Shlomo Yitzhaki. 2017. “Revisiting the Evidence for Cardinal Treatment of Ordinal Variables.” European Economic Review 92: 337–58.

Schwaber, Evelyne. 1983. “Psychoanalytic Listening and Psychoanalytic Reality.” International Review of Psycho-Analysis 10: 379–92.

Schwarz, Norbert, and Fritz Strack. 1991. “Evaluating One’s Life: A Judgment Model of Subjective Well-Being.” In Subjective Well-Being: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, edited by Fritz Strack, Michael Argyle, and Norbert Schwarz, 27–47. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.

———. 1999. “Reports of Subjective Well-Being: Judgmental Processes and Their Methodological Implications.” In Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, edited by Daniel Kahnemann, Ed Diener, and Norbert Schwarz, 61–84. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Sculley, D., and Bradley M. Pasanek. 2008. “Meaning and Mining: The Impact of Implicit Assumptions in Data Mining for the Humanities.” Literary and Linguistic Computing (now Digital Studies in Research) 23, no. 4: 409–24.

Seife, Charles. 2010. Proofiness: How You’re Being Fooled by the Numbers. New York: Viking.

Seligman, Martin E. P. 2004. Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Seligman, Martin E. P., and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. 2000. “Happiness, Excellence, and Optimal Human Functioning.” Special issue, American Psychologist 55, no. 1: 5–183.

Sen, Amartya. 1987. Ethics and Economics. Oxford: Blackwell.

———. 2004. “Elements of a Theory of Human Rights.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 32, no. 4: 315–56.

Shapin, Steven, and Simon Schaffer. 1985. Leviathan and the Air-Pump. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Shapiro, Jesse M. 2006. “Smart Cities: Quality of Life, Productivity, and the Growth Effects of Human Capital.” Review of Economics and Statistics 88: 324–35.

Shore, Cris, and Susan Wright. 2015. “Audit Culture Revisited: Rankings, Ratings, and the Reassembling of Society.” Current Anthropology 56, no. 3: 421–44.

Silver, Nate. 2016. “Education, Not Income, Predicted Who Would Vote for Trump.” FiveThirtyEight, November 22. http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/education-not-income-predicted-who-would-vote-for-trump/.

Simonite, Tom. 2021. “The Exile.” Wired (July/August): 114–27.

Simpson, Ian, Kelsey Beninger, and Rachel Ormston. 2015. “Public Confidence in Official Statistics.” NatCen UK, February 23. https://natcen.ac.uk/media/833802/public-confidence-in-official-statistics_-final.pdf.

Sinclair, Stéfan, and Geoffrey Rockwell. n.d. Voyant Tools. Accessed August 5, 2021. http://www.voyant-tools.org.

Singh, Ramnadeep, and Anna Alexandrova. 2020. “Happiness Economics as Technocracy.” Behavioural Public Policy 4, no. 22: 236–44.

Skowronek, Stephen. 1997. The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Smith, Adam. (1759) 1853. The Theory of Moral Sentiments; or, An Essay towards an Analysis of the Principles by which Men naturally judge concerning the Conduct and Character, first of their Neighbours, and afterwards of themselves. To which is added, A Dissertation on the Origins of Languages. Edited by Dugald Stewart. New Edition. London: Henry G. Bohn.

Smith, Erika D. 2015. “Why I’m Leaving Indianapolis.” Indianapolis Star, April 24. https://www.indystar.com/story/opinion/columnists/erika-smith/2015/04/23/smith-leaving-indianapolis/26233799/.

Smyth, Chris 2017. “Three Portions of Raw Fruit-and-Veg as Healthy as Five a Day.” The Times, August 30. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/three-portions-of-raw-fruit-and-veg-as-healthy-as-five-a-day-cnzhncdqb.

Snow, Charles Percy. (1959) 2001. The Two Cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Solow, Robert M. 1957. “Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function.” Review of Economics and Statistics 39, no. 3: 312–20.

Spence, Michael. 1973. “Job Market Signaling.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 87, no. 3: 355–74.

Stableford, Dylan. 2016. “Donald Trump: ‘I Love the Poorly Educated.’” Yahoo News, February 24. http://news.yahoo.com/trump-i-love-the-poorly-educated-144008662.html.

Steel, Daniel. 2016. “Climate Change and Second-Order Uncertainty: Defending a Generalized, Normative, and Structural Argument from Inductive Risk.” Perspectives on Science 24, no. 6: 696–21. https://doi.org/10.1162/POSC_a_00229.

Stevenson, Betsy, and Jonathan Wolfers. 2008. “Economic Growth and Subjective Well-Being: Reassessing the Easterlin Paradox.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper w14282. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1261469.

Stiglitz, Joseph E., Amartya Sen, and Jean-Paul Fitoussi. 2009. Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.215.58&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

Stocker, Thomas F., Dahe Qin, Gian-Kasper Plattner, Melinda M. B. Tignore, Simon K. Allen, Judith Boschung, Alexander Nauels, Yu Xia, Vincent Bex, and Pauline M. Midgley. 2013. “Summary for Policymakers, Technical Summary and Frequently Asked Questions.” In Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Stoker, Gerry. 2006. Why Politics Matters: Making Democracy Work. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

Stone, Arthur A., Stefan Schneider, Alan Krueger, Joseph E. Schwartz, and Angus Deaton. 2016. “Experiential Wellbeing Data from the American Time Use Survey: Comparisons with Other Methods and Analytic Illustrations with Age and Income.” Social Indicators Research 136, no. 1: 1–20.

Stone, Dáithí A., and Myles R. Allen. 2005. “The End-to-End Attribution Problem: From Emissions to Impacts.” Climatic Change 71, no. 3: 303–18.

Stott, Peter A., Myles Allen, Nikolaos Christidis, Randall M. Dole, Martin Hoerling, Chris Huntingford, Pardeep Pall, Judith Perlwitz, and Dáithí Stone. 2013. “Attribution of Weather and Climate-Related Events.” In Climate Science for Serving Society: Research, Modeling and Prediction Priorities, edited by Ghassem R. Asrar and James W. Hurrell, 307–37. Dordrecht: Springer. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6692-1_12.

Strathern, Marilyn, ed. 2000. Audit Cultures: Anthropological Studies in Accountability, Ethics, and the Academy. London: Routledge.

Streeck, Wolfgang. 2014. Buying Time: The Delayed Crisis of Democratic Capitalism. London: Verso.

Sunstein, Cass. 2014. Why Nudge? The Politics of Libertarian Paternalism. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Suspitsyna, Tatiana. 2010. “Accountability in American Education as a Rhetoric and Technology of Governmentality.” Journal of Education Policy 25, no. 5: 567–86.

Swan, Elaine. 2010. “States of White Ignorance, and Audit Masculinity in English Higher Education.” Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society 17, no. 4: 477–506.

Tal, Eran. 2013. “Old and New Problems in Philosophy of Measurement.” Philosophy Compass 8, no. 12: 1159–73.

Tambuyzer, Erik. 2010. “Rare Diseases, Orphan Drugs and Their Regulation: Questions and Misconceptions.” Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, no. 12: 921–29.

Taussig, Karen-Sue, Klaus Hoeyer, and Stefan Helmreich. 2013. “The Anthropology of Potentiality in Biomedicine: An Introduction to Supplement 7.” Current Anthropology 54, no. S7: S3–S14.

Telegraph Reporters. 2017. “Eat 10 Fruit-and-Veg a Day for a Longer Life, Not Five.” Daily Telegraph, February 23.

Thompson, Allen, and Friederike E. L. Otto. 2015. “Ethical and Normative Implications of Weather Event Attribution for Policy Discussions Concerning Loss and Damage.” Climatic Change 133, no. 3: 439–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1433-z.

Thomson Reuters. 2012. “The Economic Power of Orphan Drugs.” http://dtr-pharma.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/THE-ECONOMIC-POWER-of-Orphan-Drugs.pdf.

Timmermans, Stefan, and Marc Berg. 2003. The Gold Standard: An Exploration of Evidence-Based Medicine and Standardization in Health Care. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Tooze, Adam. 2018. Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World. London: Penguin.

Toscano, Alberto. 2017. “Notes on Late Fascism.” Historical Materialism, April 2. http://www.historicalmaterialism.org/blog/notes-late-fascism#_ftn2.

Trenberth, Kevin E., John T. Fasullo, and Theodore G. Shepherd. 2015. “Attribution of Climate Extreme Events.” Nature Climate Change 5, no. 8: 725–30.

Treurniet, Nikolaas. 1997. “On an Ethic of Psychoanalytic Technique.” Psychoanalytic Quarterly 66, no. 4: 596–627.

Trumpener, Katie. 2009. “Critical Response I: Paratext and Genre System: A Response to Franco Moretti.” Critical Inquiry 36, no. 1: 159–71.

Tuana, Nancy. 2013. “Embedding Philosophers in the Practices of Science: Bringing Humanities to the Sciences.” Synthese 190, no. 11: 1955–73.

Tuana, Nancy, Ryan L. Sriver, Toby Svoboda, Roman Olson, Peter J. Irvine, Jacob Haqq-Misra, and Klaus Keller. 2012. “Towards Integrated Ethical and Scientific Analysis of Geoengineering: A Research Agenda.” Ethics, Policy and Environment 15, no. 2: 136–57.

Tung, Charles M. 2011. “The Future of Literary Criticism: Assessment, the Curricularized Classroom, and Thick Reading.” In Literary Study, Measurement, and the Sublime: Disciplinary Assessment, edited by Donna Heiland and Laura J. Rosenthal, 199–216. New York: Teagle Foundation.

Underwood, Ted. 2013. “We Don’t Already Understand the Broad Outlines of Literary History.” The Stone and the Shell (blog), February 8. https://tedunderwood.com/2013/02/08/we-dont-already-know-the-broad-outlines-of-literary-history/.

———. 2017. “A Genealogy of Distant Reading.” Digital Humanities Quarterly 11, no. 2. http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/11/2/000317/000317.html.

———. 2018. Talk on the panel “DH Projects in Teaching and Research,” at “Digital Humanities Nuts and Bolts: From Idea to Sustainable Project.” National Humanities Center, Research Triangle Park, NC, October 2.

———. 2019. Distant Horizons: Digital Evidence and Literary Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). n.d. “Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities.” Accessed June 5, 2019. https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-10-reduced-inequalities.html.

Urciuoli, Bonnie. 2005. “The Language of Higher Education Assessment: Legislative Concerns in a Global Context.” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 12, no. 1: 183–204.

US Department of Education. 2006. A Test of Leadership: Charting the Future of US Higher Education. Washington, DC: US Department of Education.

US Departments of Justice and Education. 2011. Guidance on the Voluntary Use of Race to Achieve Diversity and Avoid Racial Isolation in Elementary and Secondary Schools. Washington, DC: US Department of Education.

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). n.d. Search Orphan Drug Designations and Approvals. Data retrieved February 3, 2021. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd.

US National Institute of Health (NIH). 2021. “FAQ about Rare Diseases.” Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, January 26 version. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/pages/31/faqs-about-rare-diseases.

Valero, Anna, and John Van Reenen. 2019. “The Economic Impact of Universities: Evidence from across the Globe.” Economics of Education Review 68: 53–67.

Vallier, Kevin. 2018. “Public Justification.” In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta. Spring edition. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/justification-public.

van Fraassen, Bas C. 2008. Scientific Representation: Paradoxes of Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Vermeule, Blakey. 2009. Why Do We Care about Literary Characters? Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

———. 2012.“Critical Response VI: Wit and Poetry and Pope, or The Handicap Principle.” Critical Inquiry 38, no. 2: 426–30.

Vessonen, E. 2019. “Representing and Constructing: Psychometrics from the Perspectives of Measurement Theory and Concept Formation.” PhD diss., University of Cambridge.

Waldron, Jeremy. 1987. “Theoretical Foundations of Liberalism.” The Philosophical Quarterly 37, no. 147: 127–50.

Webber, Jonathan. 2013. “Liar!” Analysis 73, no. 4: 651–59.

Webster, Andrew. 2012. “Introduction: Bio-Objects: Exploring the Boundaries of Life.” In Bio-Objects, edited by Niki Vermeulen, Sakari Tamminen, and Andrew Webster, 15–24. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

———. 2013. “Introduction: The Boundaries and Mobilities of Regenerative Medicine.” In The Global Dynamics of Regenerative Medicine, edited by Andrew Webster, 1–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Wedeen, Lisa. 1998. “Acting ‘As If’: Symbolic Politics and Social Control in Syria.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 40, no. 3: 503–23.

Weed, Elizabeth, and Ellen Rooney, eds. 2014. “In the Shadow of the Digital Humanities.” Special issue, differences 25, no. 1.

Wellmon, Chad. 2015. Organizing Enlightenment: Information Overload and the Invention of the Modern Research University. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Williams, Joan. 2017. “Joan Williams on Misconceptions about the White Working Class.” Interview by Michael Krasny. KQED Forum, June 12. https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101860513/rebroadcast-joan-williams-on-misconceptions-about-the-white-working-class.

Williams, Raymond. 1977. Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Williamson, Timothy. 1994. Vagueness. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Wilsdon, James, Liz Allen, Eleonora Belfiore, et al. 2015. The Metric Tide: Report of the Independent Review of the Role of Metrics in Research Assessment and Management. Bristol, UK: Higher Education Funding Council for England.

Winsberg, Eric. 2012. “Values and Uncertainties in the Predictions of Global Climate Models.” Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 22, no. 2: 111–37.

Winsberg, Eric, and William Mark Goodwin. 2016. “The Adventures of Climate Science in the Sweet Land of Idle Arguments.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 54: 9–17.

Witmer, David R. 1970. “Economic Benefits of College Education.” Review of Educational Research 40, no. 4: 511–23.

Witte, Griff. 2016. “9 out of 10 Experts Agree: Britain Doesn’t Trust the Experts on Brexit.” Washington Post, June 21. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/9-out-of-10-experts-agree-britain-doesnt-trust-the-experts-on-brexit/2016/06/21/2ccc134a-34a6-11e6-ab9d-1da2b0f24f93_story.html.

Wollstonecraft, Mary. (1788) 1976. “Mary” and “The Wrongs of Woman. Edited by Gary Kelly. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wood, Michael. 2015. “Nothing but the Worst.” London Review of Books 37, no. 1. https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v37/n01/michael-wood/nothing-but-the-worst.

Woodhall, Maureen, and Vernon Ward. 1972. Economic Aspects of Education: A Review of Research in Britain. Slough, UK: National Foundation for Educational Research.

Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2002. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

World Health Organization (WHO). 2003. Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 916. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42665/WHO_TRS_916.pdf;jsessionid=B1BB034463BBAC3A2717F6B52845055E?sequence=1.

———. n.d.“Mental Health.” https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/mental-health.

Wring, Dominic. 2005. The Politics of Marketing the Labour Party. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

Yeh, Rihan. 2016. “Commensuration in a Mexican Border City: Currencies, Consumer Goods, and Languages.” Anthropological Quarterly 89, no. 1: 63–91.

YouGov. 2017a. “The Economist/YouGov Poll: March 19–21, 2017.” https://bit.ly/2PkKjBt.

———. 2017b. “YouGov Survey Results: February 14–15, 2017.” https://bit.ly/2M74D7D.