These bold-faced phrases are not necessarily self-contained. In most cases they highlight an area of thought suggested or supported by the cited sources.
CHAPTER ONE: THE FIRST STONE, APRIL 1506
3 a lavender cloak: Vasari, Giorgio, The Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects, trans. Gaston du C. de Vere (London: Everyman Library, 1927).
7 Named for the vati: Hersey, George, High Renaissance Art in St. Peter’s and the Vatican (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993).
CHAPTER TWO: THE FIRST ST. PETER’S
13 Romans blamed him: Hibbert, Christopher, Rome: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1985).
18 Monte Caprino: Ibid.
18 extorting what they could and decapitating whom they dared: Ibid.
CHAPTER THREE: IL TERRIBILIS
23 He enters history in a fresco by Melozzo da Forlì: Klaszko, Julian, Rome and the Renaissance: The Pontificate of Julius II (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1903).
CHAPTER FIVE: A SURPRISE WINNER
41 The brothers “from Sangallo”: Heydenreich, Ludwig H., and Lotz, Wolfgang, Architecture in Italy, 1400–1600, trans. Mary Hottinger (New York: Penguin Books, 1974).
43 Bramante was an outsider: Bruschi, Arnaldo, Bramante (London: Thames and Hudson, 1977).
45 earning five ducats a month: Ibid.
46 his drawings of centrally planned churches: Heydenreich and Lotz, Architecture in Italy, 1400–1600.
CHAPTER SEVEN: VAULTING AMBITION
57 Space and volume: Ackerman, James S., The Architecture of Michelangelo (London: Zwemmer, 1961 [Pelican, 1971]).
59 in albis: Zander, Pietro, Creating St. Peter’s: Architectural Treasures of the Vatican (New Haven, Conn: Knights of Columbus Museum in Association with the Fabbrica di San Pietro, 2004).
62 artists became independent contractors: Barzun, Jacques, From Dawn to Decadence: 1500 to the Present (New York: HarperCollins, 2000).
CHAPTER EIGHT: ONWARD CHRISTIAN SOLDIERS
70 As many as fifty banking houses had offices in Rome: Gilbert, Felix, The Pope, His Banker, and Venice (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980).
CHAPTER NINE: A CHRISTIAN IMPERIUM
77 the Menicantonio Sketchbook: Millon, Henry A., and Lampugnani, Vittorio M., eds., The Renaissance from Brunelleschi to Michelangelo (New York: Rizzoli, 1994).
80 a laborer worked for 15 to 20 ducats a year: Partridge, Loren W., The Renaissance in Rome, 1400–1600 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1996). Rowland, Ingrid Drake, The Culture of the High Renaissance: Ancients and Moderns in Sixteenth-Century Rome (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
84 Rome replaced Florence: Cook, Olive, The Wonders of Italy (Viking Press, New York, 1965).
CHAPTER TEN: A VIPER’S NEST
97 Bramante reciting Dante to him like an actor on a stage: Bruschi, Bramante.
CHAPTER TWELVE: THE FIRST MEDICI PRINCE
116 Florentines flocked south: Hibbert, Rome.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: A ROMAN CANDLE
135 architectural renderings: Heydenreich and Lotz, Architecture in Italy, 1400–1600.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: THE REVENGE OF THE SANGALLOS
138 Antonio built the centering: Heydenreich and Lotz, Architecture in Italy, 1400–1600.
139 more than one thousand of his drawings: Ibid.
141 Twenty thousand men: Gilbert, The Pope, His Banker, and Venice.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: SALVATION FOR SALE
145 only confession and contrition: New Catholic Encyclopedia, (Washington, D.C.: Thomson/Gale Group, 2003) in association with the Catholic University of America.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: SWEET REVENGE
152 one press in 1465: Burke, Peter, The Italian Renaissance: Culture and Society in
Italy (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1999).
152 the power of the printing press: Barzun, From Dawn to Decadence.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: A BRIEF MOMENT OF TRUTH
155 “How many of the clergy”: Burke, The Italian Renaissance.
156 “agony of Catholicism”: Laffont, Robert, ed., A History of Rome and the Romans: From Romulus to John XXIII (Crown Publishers, Inc., New York, 1962).
CHAPTER NINETEEN: MEDICI REDUX
160 Charles V ruled an empire: Barzun, From Dawn to Decadence.
162 German and Austrian troops marched south: Hibbert, Rome; Cook, The Wonders of Italy; Laffont, A History of Rome and the Romans; Stinger, Charles L., The Renaissance in Rome (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985).
CHAPTER TWENTY: A VIOLENT AWAKENING
173 Familiar habits were forbidden: Partridge, The Renaissance in Rome.
CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE: JULIUS’S FOLLY
187 money to finance it: Heydenreich and Lotz, Architecture in Italy, 1400–1600.
CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO: MOTU PROPRIO
193 the Fabbrica assumed that construction would continue: Heydenreich and Lotz, Architecture in Italy, 1400–1600.
200 Michelangelo’s method of building: Ackerman, The Architecture of Michelangelo.
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX: A NEW CENTURY
229 the Fabbrica now established offices in many cities: The Reverenda Fabbrica di San Pietro dell’Urbe in Malta, http://melitalhistorica.250free.com.
229 Known as the Sampietrini: Zander, Creating St. Peter’s.
CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE: THE ROMANCE OF THE BAROQUE
245 The young Bernini remained thoughtful: Bernini, Domenico Vita del cavalier Gio. Lorenzo Bernino (Roma: A spese di R. Bernabò, 1713).
246 An English diarist, visiting Rome in 1664: Hibbert, Rome.
247 cinematic special effects: Cook, The Wonders of Italy.
249 He began with a small wax model: Borsi, Franco, Bernini Architetto (New York: Rizzoli, 1984).
250 one tenth of the Church’s annual income: Vicchi, Roberta, The Major Basilicas of Rome (Florence: Scala, 1999).
CHAPTER THIRTY: FULL CIRCLE
265 The experience begins at the river crossing: Clark, Kenneth, Civilisation: A Personal View (London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1969).