ENDNOTES
Introduction:
[1] Granby Drummer. (2018, March 1). TIOSN presents: Soil, plant and human health effects of glyphosate . Retrieved from https://granbydrummer.com/2018/03/tiosn-presents-soil-plant-and-human-health-effects-of-glyphosate/
[2] Horton, R. (2015). Offline: What is medicine’s 5 sigma?. The Lancet , 385(9976), p1380
[3] Ibid.
[4] Ibid.
[5] Ibid.
Chapter 1: Force of nature
[6] Google. (2018, December 16). Henry George Surgeon, Surgeon Extraordinaire to H.R.H. the Duke of Gloucester. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&biw=664&bih=643&tbm=bks&ei=pFkWXK6XOqWJ0gLuwpHIBA&q=Henry+George+Surgeon%2C+Surgeon+Extraordinary+to+H.+R.+H.+the+Duke+of+Gloucester&oq=Henry+George+Surgeon%2C+Surgeon+Extraordinary+to+H.+R.+H.+the+Duke+of+Gloucester&gs_l=psy-ab.3...90762.94495.0.94914.13.13.0.0.0.0.126.1269.3j9.12.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..1.0.0....0.1seS-AoRibc
[7] Henry, George. (1833). A Compendious History of Small-pox (pp. 103-104). London: Idotson and Palmer, Churchill.
[8] Ibid. (p. 107).
[9] Ibid. (p. 112).
[10] “The thirteen departments of apotropaic medicine”, which was written sometime after 1456 AD. This is not the oldest source of variolation. The first account of variolation mentioned, is rumored to be in Ishino, which is a collection of Chinese medical sources from 982 AD.
[11] Needham, J., Gwei-Djen, L. and Sivin, N. (2004). Science and Civilisation in China, Vol 6-6 Biology and Biological Technology Medicine (p. 160) . United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press,
[12] Ibid. (pp. 141-142).
[13] According to Joseph Needham In Science and Civilsation in China , Vol 6-6 Biology and Biological Technology Medicine Yu was also “called the ‘strange man’ “who brought the inoculation procedure to Ning-kuo prefecture an alchemical adept.” See footnote p. 154.
[14] Needham, J., Gwei-Djen, L. and Sivin, N. (2004). Science and Civilisation in China, Vol 6-6 Biology and Biological Technology Medicine (p. 134). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 134.
[15] Timonius, E. and Woodward, J. (1753). An Account, or History, of the Procuring the Small Pox by Incision, or Inoculation; As it Has for Some Time Been Practised at Constantinople, Philosophical Transactions (Vol. 29., No. 339., p. 73). England: Royal Society of London
[16] Ibid.
[17] Prisoners on death row. They received an offer from the queen that whoever took part in the experiment would be pardoned. All six prisoners in the experiment willingly agreed to take part in it. They all survived and as promised, were released after experiment was over.
[18] Johnson, Ben. (n.d.). Newgate Prison Wall . Retrieved from https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryMagazine/DestinationsUK/Newgate-Prison-Wall/
[19] Behbehani, A.M. (1983). The Smallpox Story: Life and Death of an Old Disease. Microbiological Reiews , 47(4), 462.
[20] Creighton, C. (1894). A History of Epidemics in Britain. Vol II From the Extinction of Plague to the present time (p. 519). London: C.J. Clay, M.A and Sons, Cambridge University Press Warehouse.
Chapter 2: From magic to medicine
[21] Ledingham, J.C.G. (1935). The Comparative Study of Clinically Allied Viruses: Some unsolved Problems of Edward Jenner. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine , 29(2), 73-74.
[22] Ibid.
[23] Ibid.
[24] Ibid.
[25] Griffiths, J. (1984). Doctor Thomas Dimsdale, and Smallpox in Russia. Bristol Medico-Chirurgical Journal , January. Retrieved from https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC5077001&blobtype=pdf
[26] Fenner, F., Henderson, D.A., Arita., Jezek, Z., and Ladnyi, I.D. (1988). Smallpox and its Eradication (Table 6.1, p. 247). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
[27] Winthrop, A., Winthrop, J.,Winthrop F. and Winthrop W. (1628). Winthrop Papers (p. 167). Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society.
[28] Harvard University. (n.d.). Increase Mather . Retrieved from https://www.harvard.edu/about-harvard/harvard-glance/history-presidency/increase-mather
[29] Mather, I. (1864). Early History of New England (pp. 110-111). Boston: Samuel G. Drake; and Albany, N.Y.: J. Munsell.
[30] The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. (n.d.). The History of Vaccines . Retrieved from https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/indian-plague
[31] Boylston, Z. (1726). An Historical Account of the Small-pox Inoculated in New England (p. 53). London: Printed for S. CHANDLER, at the Cross-Keys in the Poultry . Edwards & Broughton.
[32] Crookshank, E. (1889). History and Pathology of Vaccination, Vol I (p. 39). London: H.K Lewis.
[33] Ibid. (p. 39-40).
[34] Gross, C.P. and Sepkowitz, K.A. (1998). The Myth of the Medical Breakthrough: Smallpox, Vaccination, and Jenner Reconsidered. International Journal of Infectious Diseases , 57.
[35] Beall, O., Shryock, R. (1968). Cotton Mather: First Significant Figure in American Medicine (p. 171). Baltimore: The John Hopkins Press.
[36] Ibid. (p. 172).
[37] Ibid. (p. 200).
[38] Ibid. (pp. 114-115).
[39] Hostetter, M.K. (2012). What We Don’t See. N Engl J Med , 366, 1328-1334.
Chapter 3: The medicine man
[40] The Jenner Institute. (n.d.). About Edward Jenner . Retrieved from http://www.jenner.ac.uk/edward-jenner
[41] Farnaud, S. (2009). The Dr Hadwen Trust for Humane Research: 39 years of Replacement Science. ATLA , 37(2), 39.
[42] Hadwen W. (1896). The Case Against Vaccination . [An address at Goddard’s assembly rooms, Gloucester, Jan 25). Retrieved from http://soilandhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/02/0201hyglibcat/020119hadwin/020119hadwenrallytalk.html
[43] His “Cuckoo research” can be read in more detail in Dr. Charles Creighton’s book: Jenner and Vaccination: A Strange Chapter of Medical History .
[44] Hadwen W. (1896). The Case Against Vaccination . [An address at Goddard’s assembly rooms, Gloucester, Jan 25]. Retrieved from http://soilandhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/02/0201hyglibcat/020119hadwin/020119hadwenrallytalk.html
[45] Ibid.
[46] James Phipps is said to have died from consumption (Tuberculosis) at age 20. Jenner also vaccinated his son on more than one occasion, who also died of consumption at age 21. There have been arguments that link consumption to be an effect of the smallpox vaccine.
[47] Variolae Vaccinae means Smallpox of the cow. It is a misleading phrase used only in the heading. Not once does it appear in the pamphlet. Considering the fact that many scientists and physicians would only read the heading and the abstract, it erroneously, became widely assumed that cowpox was the same as smallpox of the cow.
[48] Jenner, E. (1798). An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae . [Pamphlet]. London: Sampson Low.
[49] Grease is an infection on the hooves of a horse.
[50] Jenner, E. (1798). An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae . [Pamphlet, p. 36]. London: Sampson Low.
[51] Jenner, E. (1802). An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae . [Pamphlet, p. 59]. Springfield: Ashley & Brewer.
[52] British Medical Association., Kirtland, G., McVail, John., John, C., Hime, T.W., and Royal College of Surgeons of England. (1896). Records of an old Medical Society: Some Unpublished Manuscripts of Edward Jenner. The British Medical Journal , 1298.
[53] Baron, J. (1838). Life of Edward Jenner, M.D. London: Henry Colburn,
[54] Wikipedia. (2018, June 6). Edgar Crookshank . Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Crookshank
[55] Crookshank, E.M. (1889). History and Pathology of Vaccination (Vol. 1, p. 424). Philadelphia: P. Blackiston.
[56] Ibid (p. 464).
[57] Ibid (p. 465-466).
Chapter 4: Beginning of vaccine era
[58] Franco-Paredes, C., Lammoglia, L. and Santos-Preciado, J. (2005). The Spanish Royal Philanthropic Expedition to Bring Smallpox Vaccination to the New World and Asia in the 19th Century. Clinical Infectious Diseases , 41(9), 1285-1289. https://doi.org/10.1086/496930
[59] Ibid.
[60] Ibid.
[61] Ibid.
[62] The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. (n.d.). The History of Vaccines . Retrieved from https://www.historyofvaccines.org/no-view/philadelphia-lazaretto-built
[63] Waterhouse, B. (1802). A Prospect of exterminating the Small Pox Part II (p. 22). Cambridge: The University Press.
[64] The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. (n.d.). The History of Vaccines (Timeline: 1802 Vaccination Endorsed). Retrieved from https://www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline#EVT_60
[65] Buffalo, Public Library., Gluck, J.F., and Elmendorf, T.W. (1899). Descriptive Catalogue of the Gluck Collection (p. 64). Buffalo, New York: The Matthews-Northrup Co.
Chapter 5: Live/attenuated vaccines
[66] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018, May 9). Vaccines for Children - A Guide for Parents and Caregivers . Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/ucm345587.htm
[67] Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Immunology and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/prinvac.pdf
[68] Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). General Recommendations on Immunization . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/genrec.pdf
[69] The Embryo Project Encyclopedia. (2014, July 20). Leonard Hayflick (1928-) . Retrieved from https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/leonard-hayflick-1928
[70] The Embryo Project Encyclopedia. (2014, November 12). The Hayflick Limit . Retrieved from https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/hayflick-limit
[71] World Association For Vaccine Education (WAVE). (n.d.). African Green Monkey Kidney Cells . Retrieved from http://novaccine.com/vaccine-ingredients/african-green-monkey-kidney-cells/
[72] Wikipedia. (2018, December 15). Esperanto . Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto
[73] Oshinsky, D. (2006). Polio: An American Story (p. 154). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
[74] Ibid.
[75] Ibid. (p. 155).
[76] Ibid.
[77] Ibid.
[78] Ibid. (p. 156).
[79] Harvard T.H. Chan. (n.d.). Faculty and Research Directory . Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/marc-lipsitch/
[80] James, S. M. (2005, September 30). How Many People Could Bird Flu Kill? . Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/Health/Flu/story?id=1173856
[81] National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID). (n.d.). Stanley A. Plotkin, MD . [Award]. Retrieved from http://www.nfid.org/awards/plotkin.pdf
[82] Buckley, M. (2009, July 01). MTS30 - Stanley Plotkin - The Past, Present, and Future of Vaccines . Retrieved from https://www.asm.org/index.php/podcasts/meet-the-microbiologist/item/3002-mts30-stanley-plotkin-the-past-present-and-future-of-vaccines
[83] Plotkin, S.A., Farquhar, J.D., Katz, M. and Buser, F. (1969). Attenuation of RA 27/3 Rubella Virus in WI-38 Human Diploid Cells. Amer J Dis Child , 118
[84] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2007, October 22). Vaccine Safety . Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20130522091608/http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/updates/archive/polio_and_cancer_factsheet.htm or http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/updates/archive/polio_and_cancer_factsheet.htm (This page has been removed).
Chapter 6: Altered germ
[85] World Health Organization. (n.d.) Module 2: Types of Vaccine and Adverse Reactions . Retrieved from https://vaccine-safety-training.org/subunit-vaccines.html
[86] Ibid.
[87] Ibid.
Chapter 7: Our own army of superheroes
[88] Letzter, R. (2018, February 2). An Ancient Virus May Be Responsible for Human Consciousness . Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/61627-ancient-virus-brain.html
[89] https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ARC
[90] WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009. 4, Historical perspective on hand hygiene in health care. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK144018/
Chapter 8: The helper cell
[91] Sykes, L., MacIntyre, D. A., Yap, X. J., Ponnampalam, S., Teoh, T. G., & Bennett, P. R. (2012). Changes in the Th1:Th2 cytokine bias in pregnancy and the effects of the anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. Mediators of inflammation , 2012, 416739.
[92] Lambers H., Piessens, S., Bloem, A., Pronk, H., and Finkel, P. (2006). Natural skin surface pH is on average below 5, which is beneficial for its resident flora.” International Journal of Cosmetic Science , 28(5), 359-370.
[93] Burnet F.M. (1968). Measles as an Index of Immunological Function. The Lancet , 292(7568), 610-613.
[94] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, May 14). Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger, United States, 2018 . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html
[95] Center for Disease Control. (n.d.). Recommended Immunization Schedule for
Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger, UNITED STATES, 2018 . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/downloads/child/0-18yrs-child-combined-schedule.pdf
Chapter 9: Aluminum, it’s getting on my cells
[96] Kawahara, M. and Kato-Negishi, M. (2011). Link between Aluminum and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: The Integration of the Aluminum and Amyloid Cascade Hypotheses. Int J Alzheimers Dis , 2011, 276393
[97] Keele University. (n.d.). Professor Chris Exley . Retrieved from https://www.keele.ac.uk/aluminium/groupmembers/chrisexley/
[98] Keele University. (n.d.). Professor Chris Exley . Retrieved from https://www.keele.ac.uk/aluminium/groupmembers/chrisexley/
[99] Keele University. (n.d.). Professor Chris Exley Publications . Retrieved from https://www.keele.ac.uk/aluminium/groupmembers/chrisexley/publications/
[100] The Hippocratic Post. (n.d.). About Us . Retrieved from https://www.hippocraticpost.com/about-us/
[101] Exley, C. (2007, November 30). Aluminium and autism . Retrieved from https://www.hippocraticpost.com/infection-disease/aluminium-and-autism/
[102] Mold, M., Umar, D., King, A., and Exley, C. (2018). Aluminium in brain tissue in autism. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology , 46, 76-82 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.11.012
[103] Exley, C. (2007, November 30). Aluminium and autism . Retrieved from https://www.hippocraticpost.com/infection-disease/aluminium-and-autism/
[104] HogenEsch, H. (2012). Mechanism of Immunopotentiation and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants. Front Immunol , 3, 406
[105] National Kidney Foundation. (n.d.). Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) . Retrieved from https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/gfr
[106] Shaw C.A., Seneff, S., Kette, S.D., Tomljenovic, L., Oller Jr., J.W., and Davidson, R.M. (2014). Aluminum-Induced Entropy in Biological Systems: Implications for Neurological Disease. Journal of Toxicology , 2014, 491316.
[107] Ibid.
[108] Ibid.
[109] Tomljenovic, L. and Shaw C. (2011).Aluminum vaccine adjuvants: are they safe? Curr Med Chem , 18(17), 2630-2637.
[110] Shaw C., and Tomljenovic L. (2013). Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity. Immunologic Research , 56(2-3), 304-316.
[111] Ibid.
[112] Shoenfeld, Y., and Agmon-Levin, N. (2011). Autoimmuni/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. J Autoimmun , 36(1), 4-8.
[113] Watad, A., David, A., Brown, S., and Shoenfeld, Y. (2016). Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants and Thyroid Autoimmunity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) , 7, 150.
[114] Couette M., Boisse, M.F., Maison, P., Brugieres, P., Cesaro, P., Chevalier, X., ... Authier, F.J. (2009). Long-term persistence of vaccine-derived aluminum hydroxide is associated with chronic cognitive dysfunction. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry , 103(11), 1571-1578.
[115] The World Health Organization. (n.d.). Macrophagic myofasciitis and aluminium-containing vaccines . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/committee/reports/october_1999/en/
Chapter 10: Aluminum controversy
[116] Wikipedia. (2018, October 15). Paul Offit . Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Offit
[117] American Academy of Pediatrics. (2009, April). Sound Advice . [transcript of a telephone interview]. Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/sa fety-prevention/immunizations/Documents/Offit-Transcript.pdf
[118] American Academy of Pediatrics. (2018). Healthy Children . Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/Pages/default.aspx
[119] Ibid.
[120] Ibid.
[121] Ibid.
[122] Exley, C. (2013) Human exposure to aluminum. Environ. Scie.: Processes Impacts , 15: 1807-1816
[123] Tomljenovic, L. (2013). Aluminum and Alzheimer’s Disease:After a Century of Controversy,Is there a Plausible Link?. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease , 23(4), 567-598.
[124] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018, April 1). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 . Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=610.15
Chapter 11: Definitely maybe science
[125] Kawahara, M. and Kato-Negishi, M. (2011). Link between Aluminum and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: The Integration of the Aluminum and Amyloid Cascade Hypotheses. Int J Alzheimers Dis , 2011, 276393
[126] Cochrane Nordic. (2018). Tom Jefferson . Retrieved from http://nordic.cochrane.org/tom-jefferson
[127] Fraser, L. (2002, October 27). Vaccines expert warns studies are useless . Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1411417/Vaccines-expert-warns-studies-are-useless.html
[128] Ibid.
[129] Cochrane. (n.d.). About us . Retrieved from http://www.cochrane.org/about-us
[130] Jefferson, T., Rudin, M., and Pietrantonj, C.D. (2004). Adverse events after immunisation with aluminium-containing DTP vaccines: systematic review of the evidence. The Lancet , 4(2), 84-90
[131] Hart, E. (2014, July 8). [Letter to Professor Gotzche]. Retrieved from http://users.on.net/~peter.hart/Challenge_to_Cochrane_re_vax-safety_and_aluminium.pdf
[132] Hart, E. (2014, July 17). [Letter to Professor Gotzche]. Retrieved from http://users.on.net/~peter.hart/Vaccine_safety_and_aluminium_follow-up_to_Cochrane.pdf
[133] Hart, E. (n.d.). About Elizabeth Hart . [Web log post]. Retrieved from https://over-vaccination.net/about-2/
[134] Hart, E. (2014, July 8). Vaccine safety and aluminium – a challenge to The Cochrane Collaboration . Retrieved from https://over-vaccination.net/tag/bexsero/
[136] Ibid.
[137] University of York. (n.d.). About the University . Retrieved from https://www.york.ac.uk/about/
[138] Jefferson, T., Rudin, M., and Di, P.C., (n.d.). Adverse events after immunisation with aluminium-containing DTP vaccines: systematic review of the evidence . Retrieved from http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/crdweb/ShowRecord.asp?LinkFrom=OAI&ID=12004000414
[139] Cochrane Community. (2015, November 18). Closure of the Vaccines Field . Retrieved from http://community.cochrane.org/news/closure-vaccines-field
[140] Humphries, S. (2015, February 24). Dr Suzanne Humphries. Aluminum is toxic to all life forms: The case against aluminum in vaccines (Location in video: 31:18). [Video link]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZe99K12740
[141] Hewitson, L., Lopresti, B.J., Stott, C., Mason, N.S., and Tomko, J. (2010). Influence of pediatric vaccines on amygdala growth and opioid ligand binding in rhesus macaque infants: A pilot study. Acta Neurobiol Exp , 70(2), 147-164
[142] Panksepp, B. and Bishop, P. (1981). An autoradiographic map of (3H) diprenorphine binding in rat brain: Effects of social interaction. Brain Research Bulletin , 7(4), 405-410.
[143] Leung K. [6-O-methyl-11C]Diprenorphine. (2006 May 24). [Updated 2007 May 12]. In: Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2004-2013. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK23399/
[144] Ibid.
[145] Ibid.
[146] Schumann, C.M., Bauman, M.D., and Amaral, D.G. (2010). Abnormal structure or function of the amygdala is a common component of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuropsychologia , 49(4), 745-759.
[147] Avino, T. A., Barger, N., Vargas, M. V., Carlson, E. L., Amaral, D. G., Bauman, M. D., & Schumann, C. M. (2018). Neuron numbers increase in the human amygdala from birth to adulthood, but not in autism . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 115(14), 3710-3715.
[148] Ibid.
[149] Stanford University. (2013, November 20). Size, connectivity of brain region linked to anxiety level in young children, study shows . Retrieved from https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2013/11/size-connectivity-of-brain-region-linked-to-anxiety-level-in-young-children-study-shows.html
[150] Schuman, C.M, Hamstra, J., Goodlin-Jones, B.L., Lotspeich, L.J., Kwon, H., Buonocore, M.H., ... Amaral, D.G. (2004). The Amygdala Is Enlarged in Children But Not Adolescents with Autism; the Hippocampus Is Enlarged at All Ages. Journal of Neuroscience , 24(28), 6392-6401.
[151] Tomljenovic, L. (2011). Aluminum and Alzheimer’s Disease: After a Century of Controversy, Is there a Plausible Link?. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease , 23(4): 567-598.
Chapter 12: Formaldehyde – The demolition crew
[152] Balabanian, L., Chaudhary, A.R., and Hendricks, A.G. (2018). Traffic control inside the cell: microtubule-based regulation of cargo transport. Biochemical Society , 40(2), 14-17.
[153] Franker, M.A.M. and Hoogenraad, C.C. (2013). Microtubule-based transport – basic mechanisms, traffic rules and role in neurological pathogenesis. Journal of Cell Science , 126, 1-11.
[154] Niehl, A., Pena, E.J., Amari, K., and Heinlein, M. (2013). Microtubules in viral replication and transport. The Plant Journal , 75, 290-308.
[155] Sultan, A., Nesslany, F., Violet, M., Bégard, S., Loyens, A., Talahari, S., Mansuroglu, Z., Marzin, D., Sergeant, N., Humez, S., Colin, M., Bonnefoy, E., Buée, L., … Galas, M. C. (2010). Nuclear tau, a key player in neuronal DNA protection. The Journal of biological chemistry , 286(6), 4566-4575.
[156] Guo, T., Noble, W. and Hanger, D.P. (2017). Roles of Tau Protein in Health and Disease. Acta Neuropathologica , 133(5): 665–704.
[157] The Protein Experts. (2013, May). Life Inside a Microtubule . Retrieved from http://www.cytoskeleton.com/pdf-storage/news/life-inside-a-microtubule.pdf
[158] Ibid.
Chapter 13: The right amount
[159] Mitkus, R.J., Hess, M.A., and Schwartz S.L. (2013). Pharmacokinetic modeling as an approach to assessing the safety of residual formaldehyde in infant vaccines. Vaccine , 31(25), 2738-2743
[160] East Carolina University. (n.d.). Formalin . Retrieved from http://www.ecu.edu/cs-admin/oehs/envmgmnt/Formalin.cfm
[161] Ibid.
[162] Ibid.
[163] Nie, C. L., Wang, X. S., Liu, Y., Perrett, S., & He, R. Q. (2007). Amyloid-like aggregates of neuronal tau induced by formaldehyde promote apoptosis of neuronal cells. BMC neuroscience , 8, 9. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-8-9
[164] Chen, K., Maley, J., and Yu, P.H. (2006). Potential implications of endogenous aldehydes in beta-amyloid misfolding, oligomerization and fibrillogenesis. J Neurochem , 99(5), 1413–1424.
[165] Hempen, B. (1996). Reduction of acetylated alpha-tubulin immunoreactivity in neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , 55(9), 964-972.
[166] American Cancer Society. (2014, May 23). Formaldehyde . Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/formaldehyde.html
[167] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, July 12). Ingredients of Vaccines - Fact Sheet . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/additives.htm
[168] Metz, B., Jiskoot, W., Hennink, W.E., Crommelin, D.J., and Kersten, G.F. (2003). Physicochemical and immunochemical techniques predict the quality of diphtheria toxoid vaccines. Vaccine , 22(2), 156–167
[169] Dr. Sherri. (2013, January 29). Formaldehyde in Vaccines . Retrieved from http://tenpennyimc.com/2013/01/29/formaldehyde-in-vaccines/
[170] Sullivan, J.B. Jr. and Krieger, G.R. (2001) Clinical Environmental Health and Toxic Exposures (p. 1008). Philadelphia: Lippinscott Williams & Wilkins.
[171] The units in the research paper are in mmol, and not mg. To convert mmol to mg, we need to know the molecular weight of FA, which is 30.031 g/mol. So, 0.1 mmol/L therefore equals 3.0 mg/L. https://www.convertunits.com/from/moles+Formaldehyde/to/grams
[172] Miao, J., Lu, J., Zhang, Z., Tong, Z., and He, R. (2013). The Effect of Formaldehyde on Cell Cycle Is in a Concentration-dependent Manner. Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics , 40(7), 641-651.
[173] Geggel, L. (2016, March 3). How Much Blood Is in the Human Body? . Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/32213-how-much-blood-is-in-the-human-body.html
[174] Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. (2018, May 14). Vaccine Ingredients – Formaldehyde . Retrieved from http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-ingredients/formaldehyde
[175] Note that polio vaccine is shown in percentage: 0.02 (100µg/.5ml dose).
[176] Tong, Z., Han, C., Qiang, M., Wang, W., Lv, J., Zhang, S., ... He, R. (2015). Age-related formaldehyde interferes with DNA methyltransferase function, causing memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology of Aging , 36(1), 100-110.
[177] Ibid.
[178] Ibid.
[179] Ibid.
[180] Thiele, G.M., Tuma, D.J., Willis, M.S., Miller, J.A., McDonald, T.L., Sorrell, M.F., and Klassen, L.W. (1998). Soluble proteins modified with acetaldehyde and malondialdehyde are immunogenic in the absence of adjuvant. Alcohol Clin Exp Res . 22(8), 1731-1739.
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[182] Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). OSHA FactSheet . Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/formaldehyde-factsheet.pdf
[183] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1994, May). Formaldehyde . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/50000.html and United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2000, January). Formaldehyde . Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/formaldehyde.pdf
[184] United States of America Consumer Product Safety Commission. (2013). Update on Formaldehyde . Retrieved from https://www.cpsc.gov/PageFiles/121919/AN%20UPDATE%20ON%20FORMALDEHYDE%20final%200113.pdf
[185] Woodrow, C.M. (2011). While Science Sleeps. United States of America: Amazon.
[186] Iowa State University. (2012, February 3). Special Collections and University Archives . Retrieved from http://findingaids.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/arch/rgrp/13-35-12.html
[187] Anson, M.L. and Edsall, J.T. (1945) Advances in Protein Chemistry (p. 332). New York: Academic Press Inc.
[188] National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database (n.d.). Formaldehyde . Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/712 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/formaldehyde
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[190] National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database (n.d.). Formaldehyde . Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/712 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/formaldehyde#section=Pharmacology
[191] Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Luo, C., Kang, J., Li, J., Wang, K., Ma, P., … Yang, X. (2017). At seeming safe concentrations, synergistic effects of PM2.5 and formaldehyde co-exposure induces Alzheimer-like changes in mouse brain. Oncotarget , 8(58), 98567-98579. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.21637
[192] Ibid.
[193] Ibid.
[194] Ibid.
[195] Ibid.
Chapter 14: Polysorbate 80, the ambusher
[196] Bergh, M., Magnusson, K., Nilsson, J.L, and Karlberg, A.T. (1997). Contact allergenic activity of Tween 80 before and after air exposure. Contact Dermatitis , 37(1), 9-18.
[197] Maggio, E.T. (2012). Polysorbates, peroxides, protein aggregation, and immunogenicity– a growing concern. J. Excipients and Food Chem , 3(2).
[198] Wang, W., Ignatius, A.A., and Thakkar, S.V. (2014). Impact of Residual Impurities and Contaminants on Protein Stability. J Pharm Sci , 103(5), 1315-1330.
[199] Ibid.
[200] Ibid.
[201] Svar Life Science AB (formerly Euro Diagnostica). (n.d.). Lytic part of the complement pathway . Retrieved from http://www.complementsystem.se/terminal-pathway
[202] Also referred to as CD59, but we prefer calling it protectin, because it describes what it is for. It is a protector of the cell. Any name that ends with -in is a protein. So the word means a protein that protects.
[203] Nesorgikar, P., Spiller, B., and Chavez, R. (2012). The complement system: History, pathways, cascade and inhibitors. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) , 2(2), 103-111.
[204] Meri, S., Morgan, B. P., Davies, A., Daniels, R. H., Olavesen, M. G., Waldmann, H., & Lachmann, P. J. (1990). Human protectin (CD59), an 18,000-20,000 MW complement lysis restricting factor, inhibits C5b-8 catalysed insertion of C9 into lipid bilayers. Immunology , 71(1), 1-9.
[205] Roitt, I.M, and Delves, P.J., (Eds.). (1998). Encyclopedia of Immunology . U.S.: Academic Press.
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[207] Coors, E.A., Seybold, H., Merk, H.F., and Mahler, V. (2005). Polysorbate 80 in medical products and nonimmunologic anaphylactoid reactions. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol , 95(6), 593-599.
[208] Price, K.S. and Hamilton, R.G. (2007). Anaphylactoid reactions in two patients after omalizumab administration after successful long-term therapy. Allergy Asthma Proc , 28(3), 313-319.
[209] National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. Nation. (n.d.). Search results . Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=retrieve&list_uids=17635812,16951374,16859686,16494864,15457473
[210] Pacifici, M.G. (2016). Effects of Vitamin E in Neonates and Young Infants. Int J Pediatr , 4(5), 1745-1757.
[211] Jenita, J.L., Chocalingam, V., and Wilson, B. (2014). Albumin Nanoparticles Coated with Polysorbate 80 as a Novel Drug Carrier for the Delivery of Antiretroviral drug—Efavirenz. Int J Pharm Investig , 4(3), 142–148.
[212] Ibid.
[213] Olivier, J.C., Fenart, L., Chauvet, R., Pariat, C., Cecchelli, R., and Couet, W. (1999). Indirect evidence that drug brain targeting using polysorbate 80-coated polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles is related to toxicity. Pharm Res , 16(12), 1836-1842.
[214] Ibid.
[215] Giannattasio, F., Salvio, A., Varriale, M., Picciotto, F.P., Di Costanzo, G.G., and Visconti, M. (2002). Three cases of severe acute hepatitis after parenteral administration of amiodarone: the active ingredient is not the only agent responsible for hepatotoxicity. Ann Ital Med Int , 17(3): 180-184.
[216] Ellis, A.G., Crinis, N.A., and Webster, L.K. (1996). Inhibition of etoposide elimination in the isolated perfused rat liver by Cremophor EL and Tween 80. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , 38(1), 81-87.
[217] Hirama, S., Tatsuishi, T., Iwase, K., Nakao, H., Umebayashi, C., Nishizaki, Y., ... Oyama, Y. (2004). Flow-cytometric analysis on adverse effects of polysorbate 80 in rat thymocytes. Toxicology , 199(2-3), 137-143.
[218] Ramge, P., et al. “Polysorbate-80 coating enhances uptake of polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA)-nanoparticles by human and bovine primary brain capillary endothelial cells.” Eur J Neurosci. 2000, 12(6):1931-1940.
[219] Olivier, J.C., Unger, R.E., Oltrogge, J.B., Zenker, D., Begley, D., Kreuter, J., and Von Briesen, H. (1999). Indirect evidence that drug brain targeting using polysorbate 80-coated polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles is related to toxicity. Pharm Res , 16(12), 1836-1842.
[220] Chemicals & Laboratory Equipment. (2013, May 21). Medical Safety Data Sheet for Polysorbate 80 . Retrieved from http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926645
[221] Ibid.
[222] Ibid.
[223] Ibid.
[224] Bronson and Jacobs. (2018, February 21). Polysorbate 80 . Retrieved from http://msds.orica.com/pdf/shess-en-cds-010-000000031369.pdf
[225] Chemicals & Laboratory Equipment. (2013, May 21). Medical Safety Data Sheet for Polysorbate 80 . Retrieved from http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926645
[226] U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2010, October 15). Polysorbate 80 . Retrieved from https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+9005-65-6
Chapter 15: Toxins – Accumulative harmful effects
[227] Gajdová, M., Jakubovsky, J. and Války, J. (1993). Delayed effects of neonatal exposure to Tween 80 on female reproductive organs in rats. Food Chem Toxicol , 31(3), 183-190.
[228] Dib, B. and Falchi, M. (1996). Convulsions and death induced in rats by Tween 80 are prevented by capsaicin. Int J Tissue React , 18(1), 27-31.
[229] Azmin, M.N., Stuart, J.F. and Florence, A.T. (1985). The distribution and elimination of methotrexate in mouse blood and brain after concurrent administration of polysorbate 80. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , 14(3), 238-242.
[230] Boven, K., Stryker, S., Knight, J., Thomas, A., van Regenmortel, M., Kemeny, D.M., ... Casadevall, N. (2005). The increased incidence of pure red cell aplasia with an Eprex formulation in uncoated rubber stopper syringes. Kidney Int , 67(6), 2346-2353.
[231] Ibid.
[232] Brown, M.R.W. and Winsley, B.E. (1971). Synergism between Polymyxin and Polysorbate 80 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Journal of General Microbiology , 68: 367-373
[233] The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. (2017, August 1). Polysorbate 80 . Retrieved from https://www.usp.org/sites/default/files/usp/document/harmonization/excipients/polysorbate_80.pdf
[234] U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2009, April 18). Ethylene Oxide . Retrieved from https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+75-21-8
[235] Liteplo, R.G. and Meek, M.E., Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada., and Lewis, M., Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada. (2003). Ethylene Oxide . Retrieved from http://www.inchem.org/documents/cicads/cicads/cicad54.htm#9.2
[236] Ibid.
[237] International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2018, November 2). List of Classifications by cancer sites with sufficient or limited evidence in humans, Volumes 1 to 123 . Retrieved from https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Table4.pdf
[238] International Agency for Research on Cancer. (n.d.). List of classifications, Volumes 1–123 . Retrieved from http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/latest_classif.php
[239] International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2018, November 9). Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1–123 . Retrieved from http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php
[240] https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg/mmg.asp?id=730&tid=133
[241] Ibid.
[242] Ibid.
[243] Ibid.
[244] Gresie-Brusin, D.F., et al. “Occupational exposure to ethylene oxide during pregnancy and association with adverse reproductive outcomes.” Int Arch Occup Environ Health . 200, 80(7): 559-565. PMID: 17165063. DOI: 10.1007/s00420-006-0163-y
[245] US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Ethylene Oxide. March 31, 2008. https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/pdf/ethylene-oxide-red.pdf
[246] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2014, October 21). Toxic Substances Portal - Ethylene Oxide . Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/SafetyAvailability/VaccineSafety/UCM096228
[247] Chen, H. R., Chen, C. C., Reddy, A. S., Chen, C. Y., Li, W. R., Tseng, M. J., Liu, H. T., Pan, W., Maity, J. P., … Atla, S. B. (2011). Removal of mercury by foam fractionation using surfactin, a biosurfactant. International journal of molecular sciences , 12(11), 8245-8258.
Chapter 16: Mercury, the swift traveler
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[250] Lushchak, V.I. (2012). Glutathione Homeostasis and Functions: Potential Targets for Medical Interventions. Journal of Amino Acids , 2012: 736837.
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[257] Westphal, G.A., Schnuch, A., Schulz, T.G., Reich, K., Aberer, W., Brasch, J., ... Hallier, E. (2000). Homozygous gene deletions of the glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 are associated with thimerosal sensitization. Int Arch Occup Environ Health , 73(6), 384-388.
[258] James, S.J, Slikker, W. 3 rd ., Melnyk, S., New, E., Pogribna, M., and Jernigan, S. (2005). Thimerosal neurotoxicity is associated with glutathione depletion: protection with glutathione precursors. Neurotoxicology , 26(1), 1-8.
[259] NIH.U.S. (2018, December 18). National Library of Medicine. Glutathione synthetase deficiency. Retrieved from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/glutathione-synthetase-deficiency
[260] Humphrey, M.L., Cole, M.P., Pendergrass, J.C., and Kiningham, K.K. (2005). Mitochondrial mediated thimerosal-induced apoptosis in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-NSH). Neurotoxicology , 26(3), 407-416.
[261] Estrada, M., Varshney, A., and Ehrlich, B. (2006). Elevated Testosterone Induces Apoptosis in Neuronal Cells. J Biol Chem , 281(35), 25492-25501
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[263] Estrada, M., Varshney, A., and Ehrlich, B. (2006). Elevated Testosterone Induces Apoptosis in Neuronal Cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry , 281(35), 25492-25501
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[266] Estrada, M., Varshney, A., and Ehrlich, B. (2006). Elevated Testosterone Induces Apoptosis in Neuronal Cells. J Biol Chem , 281(35), 25492-25501
[267] Ibid.
[268] Simpkins, J. W., Perez, E., Wang, X., Yang, S., Wen, Y., & Singh, M. (2009). The potential for estrogens in preventing Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders , 2(1), 31-49.
[269] Ibid.
[270] Olivieri, G., Novakovic, M., Savaskan, E., Meier, F., Baysang, G., Brockhaus, M., and Müller-Spahn, F. (2002). The effects of beta-estradiol on SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells during heavy metal induced oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and beta-amyloid secretion. Neuroscience , 113(4), 849-855.
Chapter 17: Mercury, the ungodly element
[271] United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2000, January). Mercury Compounds . Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/mercury-compounds.pdf
[272] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2009, November). Mercury . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/pdf/Mercury_FactSheet.pdf
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[290] Healthcare Environmental Resource Center. (n.d.). Mercury in Healthcare Facilities . Retrieved from http://www.hercenter.org/hazmat/mercury.cfm
Chapter 18: Mercury, it’s everywhere
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[294] Ibid.
[295] Burbacher, T. M., Shen, D. D., Liberato, N., Grant, K. S., Cernichiari, E., & Clarkson, T. (2005). Comparison of blood and brain mercury levels in infant monkeys exposed to methylmercury or vaccines containing thimerosal. Environmental health perspectives , 113(8), 1015-1021.
[296] Ibid.
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[298] Ibid.
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[303] National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2018, December 15). Metabolism/Metabolites . Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thimerosal#section=Metabolism-Metabolites
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[306] http://enhs.umn.edu/current/5103_spring2003/mercury/mercdose.html
[307] National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2018, December 15). Metabolism/Metabolites . Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thimerosal#section=Metabolism-Metabolites
[308] National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2018, December 15). Absorption, Distribution and Excretion . Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thimerosal#section=Absorption-Distribution-and-Excretion
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[312] United States Department of Transportation. (2018, October 16). How to Comply with Federal Hazardous Materials Regulations . Retrieved from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hazardous-materials/how-comply-federal-hazardous-materials-regulations
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[315] Wikipedia. (2018, December 16). Oxidizing agent . Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidizing_agent
[316] Baskin, D.S., Ngo, H., and Didenko, V.V. (2003). Thimerosal induces DNA breaks, caspase-3 activation, membrane damage, and cell death in cultured human neurons and fibroblasts. Toxicol Sci , (2), 361-368.
Chapter 19: Monosodium glutamate – Fire away!
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[322] Moore, E.A. (2010, November 17). Human brain has more switches than all computers on Earth .
[323] Wikipedia. (2018, November 4). Saltatory conduction . Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltatory_conduction
[324] Blaylock, R.L. and Strunecka, A. (2009). Immune-Glutamatergic Dysfunction as a Central Mechanism of the Autism Spectrum Disorders. Curr Med Chem , 16(2), 157-170.
[325] Eid, T., Thomas, M.J., Spencer, D.D., Rundén-Pran, E., Lai, J.C., Malthankar, G.V., ... de Lanerolle, N.C. (2004).Loss of glutamine synthetase in the human epileptogenic hippocampus: possible mechanism for raised extracellular glutamate in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The Lancet , 363(9402), 28-37.
[326] Barker-Haliski, M. and White, H.S. (2015). Glutamatergic Mechanisms Associated with Seizures and Epilepsy. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine , 015, 5(8): a022863.
[327] Abramov, A.Y., Scorziello, A., and Duchen, M.R. (2007). Three Distinct Mechanisms Generate Oxygen Free Radicals in Neurons and Contribute to Cell Death during Anoxia and Reoxygenation. Journal of Neuroscience , 27(5) 1129-1138.
[328] Martinez-Contreras, A., Huerta, M., Lopez-Perez, S., García-Estrada, J., Luquín, S., and Beas Zárate, C. (2002). Astrocytic and microglia cells reactivity induced by neonatal administration of glutamate in cerebral cortex of the adult rats. J Neurosci Res , 67(2): 200-210.
[329] Yu, T., Zhao, Y., Shi, W., Ma, R., and Yu, L. (1997). Effects of maternal oral administration of monosodium glutamate at a late stage of pregnancy on developing mouse fetal brain. Brain Res , 747(2), 195-206.
[330] Bawari, M., Babu, G.N., Ali, M.M., and Misra, U.K. (1995). Effect of neonatal monosodium glutamate on lipid peroxidation in adult rat brain. NeuroReport , 6(4), 650-652.
[331] Kubo, T., Ryutaro, K., Tadao, O., and Koichi, I. (1993). Neonatal glutamate can destroy the hippocampal CA1 structure and impair discrimination learning in rats.” Brain Research , 616(1–2), 311-314.
[332] Wong, P.T., Neo, L.H., Teo, W.L., Feng, H., Xue, Y.D., and Loke, W.H. (1997). Deficits in water escape performance and alterations in hippocampal cholinergic mechanisms associated with neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav , 57(1-2): 383-388.
[333] Johnston, M.V. (1995). Neurotransmitters and vulnerability of the developing brain. Brain and Development , 17(5): 301-306.
[334] P. Offit. (2011) Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All (p. 178). New York: Basic Books.
[335] Kazmi, Z., Fatima, I., Perveen, S., and Malik, S.S. (2017). Monosodium glutamate: Review on clinical reports. International Journal of Food Properties , 20(5): 1807-1815,
[336] Ibid.
[337] Ibid.
Chapter 20: Glyphosate – It’s everywhere
[338] Dewick, P.M. (2001). Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach (p. 121-166). England: John Wiley & Sons, ltd.
[339] Mir, R., Jallu, S., and Singh, T.P. (2015). The shikimate pathway: Review of amino acid sequence, function and three-dimensional structures of the enzymes. Crit Rev Microbio , 41(2): 172-189.
[340] Ahsan, N., Lee, D.G., Lee, K.W., Alam, I., Lee, S.H., Bahk, J.D., and Lee, B.H. (2008). Glyphosate-induced oxidative stress in rice leaves revealed by proteomic approach. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry , 46(12), 1062-1070.
[341] Chaufan, G., Coalova, I., and Rios de Molina Mdel, C. (2014). Glyphosate Commercial Formulation Causes Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Effects, and Apoptosis on Human Cells: Differences With its Active Ingredient. Int J Toxicol , 33(1): 29-38.
[342] Dreher, D. and Junod, A.F. (1996). Role of oxygen free radicals in cancer development. Eur J Cancer , 32A(1): 30-38.
[343] Bankson, D.D., Kestin, M., and Rifai, N. (1993). Role of free radicals in cancer and atherosclerosis. Clin Lab Med , 13(2): 463-480.
[344] Pham-Huy, L.A., He H., and Pham-Huy. C. (2008). Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health. International Journal of Biomedical Science , 4(2): 89–96.
[345] In Defence of Scientific Integrity: Examining the IARC Monograph Programme and Glyphosate Review, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology House of Representatives, 115 th Cong. 15 (2018). Retrieved from https://docs.house.gov/meetings/SY/SY00/20180206/106828/HHRG-115-SY00-20180206-SD004.pdf
[346] Samsel, A. and Seneff. S. (2017). Glyphosate pathways to modern diseases VI: Prions, amyloidoses and autoimmune neurological diseases. Journal of Biological Physics and Chemistry , 8-32.
[347] Ibid.
[348] Ibid.
[349] Broach, J.R. (2012). Nutritional Control of Growth and Development in Yeast. Genetics , 192(1), 73–105.
[350] Samsel, A. and Seneff. S. (2017). Glyphosate pathways to modern diseases VI: Prions, amyloidoses and autoimmune neurological diseases. Journal of Biological Physics and Chemistry , 8-32.
[351] Abraham, W. (n.d.). Glyphosate formulations and their use for the inhibition of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase . Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/US7771736
[352] Cattani, D., de Liz Oliveira Cavalli, V.L., Heinz Rieg, C.E., Domingues, J.T., Dal-Cim, T., Tasca, C.I., and Zamoner, A. (2014). Mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity induced by glyphosate-based herbicide in immature rat hippocampus: Involvement of glutamate excitotoxicity. Toxicology , 320: 34-45.
[353] Swanson, N.L., Leu, A., Abrahamson, J., and Wallet, B. (2014). Genetically engineered crops, glyphosate and the deterioration of health in the United States of America. Journal of Organic Systems , 9(2).
[354] Samsel, A. and Seneff. S. (2017). Glyphosate pathways to modern diseases VI: Prions, amyloidoses and autoimmune neurological diseases. Journal of Biological Physics and Chemistry , 8-32.
[355] Kruger, M., Schrödl, W., Neuhaus, J. and Shehata, A.A. (2013). Field Investigations of glyphosate in urine of danish dairy cows. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology , 3(5), 186-192.
[356] Ibid.
[357] Ibid.
[358] Ibid.
[359] Kruger, M., Schledorn, P., Schrödl, W., Hoppe, H-W., Lutz, W., and Shehata, A.A. (2014). Detection of glyphosate residues in animals and humans. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology , 4(2), 210-215.
[360] Ibid.
[361] N. Swanson, N.L., Leu, A.F., Abrahamson, J., and Wallet, B.C. (2014). Genetically engineered crops, glyphosate and the deterioration of health in the United States of America. Journal of Organic Systems , 9(2).
[362] Ibid. (Table 1).
[363] Hoy, J., Swanson, N., and Seneff, S. (2015). The High Cost of Pesticides: Human and Animal Diseases. Poult Fish Wildl Sci , 3:132.
[364] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). (2018, January 03 ). IARC Monograph on Glyphosate . Retrieved from https://www.iarc.fr/featured-news/media-centre-iarc-news-glyphosate/
[365] Monsanto (2017). Growing Better Together . [Sustainability report]. Retrieved from https://monsanto.com/app/uploads/2017/12/Sustainability_2017.pdf
[366] Monsanto (February 12). Response to Benbrook’s Paper “Trends in Glyphosate Herbicide Use in the United States and Globally” . Retrieved from https://monsanto.pr/response-to-benbrooks-paper-trends-in-glyphosate-herbicide-use-in-the-united-states-and-globally/
[367] https://monsanto.com/app/uploads/2017/12/Sustainability_2017.pdf
[368] Mundy, W.R.., Freudenrich, T.M., and Kodavanti, P.R. (1997). Aluminum potentiates glutamate-induced calcium accumulation and ironinduced oxygen free radical formation in primary neuronal cultures. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol , 32(1-3): 41-57.
[369] Seneff, S., Swanson, N. and Li, C. (2015). Aluminum and Glyphosate Can Synergistically Induce Pineal Gland Pathology: Connection to Gut Dysbiosis and Neurological Disease. Agricultural Sciences , 6(1): 42-70.
[370] Tauman, R., Zisapel, N., Laudon, M., Nehama, H., and Sivan, Y. (2002). Melatonin production in infants. Pediatr Neurol , 26(5):379-382.
Chapter 21: Glyphosate – Golden slumber
[371] CSAIL. (2018, January 18). Stephanie Seneff. Retrieved from https://www.csail.mit.edu/person/stephanie-seneff
[372] Seneff, S. (2014, March). A Role for the Pineal Gland in Neurological Damage Following Aluminum-adjuvanted Vaccination . [Power Point presented at the International Symposium on Vaccines, Nice, France]. Retrieved from https://people.csail.mit.edu/seneff/SeneffNice2014.pdf
[373] Ibid.
[374] Ibid.
[375] Seneff, S. (2018, March) Sulfate is the most common nutritional deficiency that you never heard of . [Power Point presentation in Toronto, Ontario Canada]. Retrieved from http://people.csail.mit.edu/seneff/2018/Toronto.pdf
[376] Ibid.
[377] Ibid.
[378] Powles, S.B. (2010). Gene Amplification Delivers Glyphosate-Resistant Weed Evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A , 107, 955–956.
[379] Sun, Y.M., Hsu, H.K., Lue, S.I., and Peng, M.T. (1991). Sex-specific impairment in sexual and ingestive behaviors of monosodium glutamate-treated rats. Physiol Behav , 50(5), 873-880.
[380] Yang, S.H., et al. (2002). Testosterone increases neurotoxicity of glutamate in vitro and ischemia-reperfusion injury in an animal model. J Appl Physiol , 92(1), 195-201.
[381] Ibid.
[382] Faria, M.A. (2015). Glyphosate, Neurological Diseases – and the Scientific Method. Surg Neurol Int , 6, 132.
[383] Samsel, A. and Seneff, S. (2015). Glyphosate, Pathways to Modern Diseases III: Manganese, Neurological Diseases, and Associated Pathologies. Surg Neurol Int , 6, 45.
[384] Faria, M.A. (2015). Glyphosate, Neurological Diseases – and the Scientific Method. Surg Neurol Int , 6, 132.
[385] Ibid.
[386] Ibid.
[387] In Defence of Scientific Integrity: Examining the IARC Monograph Programme and Glyphosate Review, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology House of Representatives, 115 th Cong. 15 (2018). https://docs.house.gov/meetings/SY/SY00/20180206/106828/HHRG-115-SY00-20180206-SD004.pdf
[388] Ibid.
[389] Committee on Science, Space, & Technology. (2018, February 6). Full Committee Hearing - In Defense of Scientific Integrity: Examining the IARC Monograph Programme and Glyphosate Review . Retrieved from https://science.house.gov/legislation/hearings/full-committee-hearing-defense-scientific-integrity-examining-iarc-monograph
[390] In Defence of Scientific Integrity: Examining the IARC Monograph Programme and Glyphosate Review, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology House of Representatives, 115 th Cong. 15 (2018). https://docs.house.gov/meetings/SY/SY00/20180206/106828/HHRG-115-SY00-20180206-SD004.pdf
[391] Ibid.
[392] Ibid.
Chapter 22: Prions & nanobacterium – Do you see me now?
[393] Zhu, B.T. (2005). Human and animal spongiform encephalopathies are the result of chronic autoimmune attack in the CNS: a novel medical theory supported by overwhelming experimental evidence. Histol Histopathol , 20(2), 575-592.
[394] Ibid.
[395] Garnick, R.L. (1998). Raw materials as a source of contamination in large-scale cell culture. Dev Biol Stand , 93, 21-29.
[396] World Health Organization, Quality Assurance and Safety of Biologicals. (2005, April). Report of the WHO Informal consultation on the application of molecular methods to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of vaccines . Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/biologicals/Molecular%20Methods%20Final%20Mtg%20Report%20April2005.pdf?ua=1
[397] Ibid.
[398] Ibid.
[399] Public Health England. (2013). “Porcine content in vaccines: faith communities and people with dietary restrictions.” Vaccine update . 206. Retrieved from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/244730/vaccine_update_206_19_9.pdf
[400] Ibid.
Chapter 23: Mycoplasma – It’s a sticky situation
[401] Thornton, D.H. (1986). A survey of mycoplasma detection in veterinary vaccines. Vaccine. 4(4), 237-240.
[402] Ryan, J. (2012). Understanding and Managing Cell Culture Contamination . [Technical Bulletin]. N.Y. Corning Incorporated. Retrieved from: https://safety.fsu.edu/safety_manual/supporting_docs/Understanding%20and%20Managing%20Cell%20Culture%20Contamination.pdf
[403] Ibid.
[404] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). (n.d.). Vaccine schedules in all countries of the European Union . Retrieved from https://vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu/
[405] Skinner, E. (2017, Dec). A quick look into important issues of the day (Vol. 25, No 48). [LegisBrief]. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/documents/legisbriefs/2017/lb_2548.pdf
[406] Klapdor, M. and Grove, A. (n.d.). ‘No Jab No Pay’ and other immunisation measures . [Budget Review 2015-26 Index]. Retrieved from https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/BudgetReview201516/Vaccination
Chapter 25: Diphtheria, tetanus & pertussis – Sudden death
[407] Srinivas, K., Preeti, G., and Pasula, S. (2015). DPT immunization and SIDS.” Int J Contemp Pediatr , 2(3), 202-207.
[408] Miller, N.Z., and Goldman, G.S. (2011). Infant Mortality Rates Regressed against Number of Vaccine Doses Routinely given: Is There a Biochemical or Synergistic Toxicity? Human & Experimental Toxicology , 30(9), 1420–1428.
[409] Ibid.
[410] Ibid.
[411] Ibid.
[412] Ibid.
[413] Moro, P.L., Perez-Vilar, S., Lewis, P., Bryant-Genevier, M., Kamiya, H., and Cano, M. (2018). Safety Surveillance of Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis (DTaP) Vaccines. Pediatrics , 142(1).
[414] Ibid.
[415] Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. (n.d.). Electronic Support for Public Health-Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (ESP:VAERS) . [Grant final report]. Retrieved from: https://healthit.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/publication/r18hs017045-lazarus-final-report-2011.pdf
[416] Menkes, J.H. and Kinsbourne, M. (1990). Workshop on Neurologic Complications of Pertussis and Pertussis Vaccination. Neuropediatrics , 21(4), 171-176.
[417] Domenech de Cellès, M., Magpantay, F.M.G., King, A.A., and Rohani, P. (2016). The Pertussis Enigma: Reconciling Epidemiology, Immunology and Evolution. Proc Biol Sci . 283(1822), 20152309.
[418] Ibid.
[419] Ibid.
Chapter 26: Diphtheria, tetanus & pertussis -- Controversy
[420] National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). (2010, Dec. 15 th ). Learning About Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS). National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) . Retrieved from: https://www.genome.gov/17516396/learning-about-antiphospholipid-syndrome/
[421] Cusick, M.F., Libbey, J.E., and Fujinami, R.S. (2012). Molecular Mimicry as a Mechanism of Autoimmune Disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol , 42(1), 102–111.
[422] Joyce, T., and Huecker, M.R. (2018). Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome). In B. Abai, et al (Eds.). StatPearls . Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499836/#article-28960.s1
[423] Innis, M. (2006). Vaccines, Apparent Life-Threatening Events, Barlowís Disease, and Questions about ‘Shaken Baby Syndrome’. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons , 11(1), 17-19. Retrieved from: https://www.jpands.org/vol11no1/innis.pdf
[424] Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU). (2016). Traumatic shaking – The role of the triad in medical investigations of suspected traumatic shaking . [Systematic review]. Retrieved from https://www.sbu.se/contentassets/09cc34e7666340a59137ba55d6c55bc9/traumatic_shaking_2016.pdf
[425] Locht, C. (2016). Pertussis: Where did we go wrong and what can we do about it? J Infect , 72, S34-S40.
[426] Althouse, B.M. and Scarpino, S.V. (2015) Asymptomatic transmission and the resurgence of Bordetella pertussis. BMC Med , 13, 146.
Chapter 27: Bias
[427] Cherry, J.D. (n.d.). James D. Cherry, M.D . Retrieved from https://www.uclahealth.org/james-cherry
[428] Krogstad, P.A. (2003). The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Annual Awards, 2003: Presentation of the Distinguished Physician Award to James D. Cherry, M.D. By Paul A. Krogstad, M.D. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , 22(9), 763-764.
[429] The Embryo Project Encyclopedia. (2017, April 13). Stanley Alan Plotkin (1932-) . Retrieved from https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/stanley-alan-plotkin-1932
[430] Cherry, J.D., Tan, T., von König, C-H., Forsyth, K.D., Thisyakorn, U., Greenberg, D., ... Plotkin, S. (2012). Clinical Definitions of Pertussis: Summary of a Global Pertussis Initiative Roundtable Meeting, February 2011. Clinical Infectious Diseases , 54(12), 1756-1764.
[431] Ibid.
[432] Ibid.
[433] Cherry, J.D. (2011, Deecmber 20). Why do Pertussis Vaccines Fail? [Presentation at the 9 th International Bordetella Symposium, September 30-October 3, 2010, Baltimore, MD]. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/47ad/93234b83563f503ec4a4a1fe661bc93ee5b8.pdf
[434] Ibid.
[435] Fine, P.E.M., and Chen, R.T. (1992). Confounding in Studies of Adverse Reactions to Vaccines. American Journal of Epidemiology , 136(2), 121-135. Retrieved from: http://vaccinepapers.org/wp-content/uploads/confounding_in_studies_of_adverse_reactions_to_vaccines.pdf
[436] Ibid. 133.
[437] Aaby, P., Ravn, P., and Benn, C.S (2016). The WHO Review of the Possible Nonspecific Effects of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J , 35(11), 1247-1257.
Retrieved from: https://journals.lww.com/pidj/Fulltext/2016/11000/The_WHO_Review_of_the_Possible_Nonspecific_Effects.21.aspx
[438] Mogensen, S.W., Andersen, A., Rodrigues, A., Benn, C.S., and Aaby, P. (2017). The Introduction of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Oral Polio Vaccine Among Young Infants in an Urban African Community: A Natural Experiment. EBioMedicine , 17, 192-198.
[439] Aaby, P., Benn, C., Nielsen, J., Lisse, I. M., Rodrigues, A., & Ravn, H. (2012). Testing the hypothesis that diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine has negative non-specific and sex-differential effects on child survival in high-mortality countries. BMJ open , 2(3), e000707. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000707
[440] Mogensen, S. W., Andersen, A., Rodrigues, A., Benn, C. S., & Aaby, P. (2017). The Introduction of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Oral Polio Vaccine Among Young Infants in an Urban African Community: A Natural Experiment. EBioMedicine , 17, 192-198.
[441] Ibid.
[442] Mooi, F.R. (n.d.). Person: Prof. Dr. F.R. (Frits) Mooi . Retrieved from: https://www.narcis.nl/person/RecordID/PRS1242218/Language/en
[443] Faryon, J. and Crowe, K. (2010, Dec. 14 th ). Immunized People Getting Whooping Cough, Experts Spar Over New Strain . Retrieved from: https://www.kpbs.org/news/2010/dec/14/immunized-people-getting-whooping-cough-experts-sp/
[444] Yinghua, X., Liu, B., Grondahl-Yli-Hannuksila, K., Tan, Y., Feng, L., Kallonen, Teemu...Zhang, S. (2015). Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals the Effect of Vaccination on the Evolution of Bordetella Pertussis . Scientific Reports , 5, 12888. DOI: 10.1038/srep12888
[445] Ibid.
[446] Ibid.
Chapter 28: Polio – Or is it?
[447] Mehndiratta, M. M., Mehndiratta, P., & Pande, R. (2014). Poliomyelitis: historical facts, epidemiology, and current challenges in eradication. The Neurohospitalist , 4(4), 223-229.
[448] The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. (2018). U.S. Polio Cases 1952-1962 . Retrieved from https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/us-polio-cases-1952-1962
[449] Post-Polio Health International. (n.d.). Incidence Rates of Poliomyelitis in US . Retrieved from http://www.post-polio.org/ir-usa.html
[450] Menkes, J.H. and Sarnat, H.B. (Eds.). (2000). Child Neurology (6 th ed., pp. 522-526). Philadelphia, PA: Lippinscott Williams & Wilkins.
[451] MOLNER, J. G., & AGATE, G. H. (1960). Final report of poliomyelitis epidemic in Detroit and Wayne County, 1958. Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1896) , 75(11), 1031-1043.
[452] Ibid.
[453] Ibid.
[454] Ibid.
[455] Ratner, H., Cox, H.R., Greenberg, B.G, Kleinman, H., and Meier, P. (1960). “The Present Status of Polio Vaccines.” Illinois Medical Journal , 118(2), 19
[456] Matysiak, A. (2005, Jul 1st.). The Myth of Jonas Salk . Retrieved from https://www.technologyreview.com/s/404390/the-myth-of-jonas-salk/
[457] Offit, P. (2005) The Cutter Incident: How America’s First Polio Vaccine Led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis (1 st ed.). U.S: Yale University Press.
[458] Ibid. p.86
[459] Smithsonian National Museum of American History. (n.d.). Understanding Historical Photos . Retrieved from https://amhistory.si.edu/polio/historicalphotos/index.htm
[460] Polio Survivors Association. (2018). Pictures of Polio . Retrieved from http://www.polioassociation.org/pictures.html
[461] Smithsonian National Museum of American History. (n.d.). Understanding Historical Photos . Retrieved from https://amhistory.si.edu/polio/historicalphotos/index.htm
[462] Smith, J.S. (1990). Patenting the sun: polio and the Salk vaccine (1 st ed.). New York, NY: W. Morrow .
Chapter 29: Polio – Syndromes
[463] ME Action. (2018). What is ME . Retrieved from https://www.meaction.net/about/what-is-me/
[464] Archard, L. C., Bowles, N. E., Behan, P. O., Bell, E. J., & Doyle, D. (1988). Postviral fatigue syndrome: persistence of enterovirus RNA in muscle and elevated creatine kinase. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine , 81(6), 326-329.
[465] The World Health Organization. (2018). ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (2018) . Retrieved from https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/569175314
[466] ME Action (2018, Nov. 6 th ). Coxsackie B virus . Retrieved from https://me-pedia.org/wiki/Coxsackie_B_virus
[467] Oxford Medicine Online. (2018). Oxford Textbook of Medicine . Retrieved from http://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780199204854.001.1/med-9780199204854-chapter-260504
[468] Post Polio Info. (n.d.). Welcome to the International Centre for Polio . Retrieved from http://www.postpolioinfo.com/bruno.php
[469] Bruno, R.L, Frick, N.M, Creange, S., Zimmerman, R., & Lewis, T. (1996). Polioencephalitis and the Brain Fatigue Generator Model of Post-Viral Fatigue Syndromes. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome , 2(2-3), 5-27
[470] The Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Vaccines and Preventable Diseases:
Polio Disease In-Short . Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20130713110546/http:/www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/polio/in-short-both.htm
[471] Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, July 25). What is Polio? Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/polio/about/
[472] Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, September 29). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/polio.html
[473] Allen, K.J. (2000) Construction and Application of flaA Sigma-28 Promoter Fusions to the Virulence and Ecology of Campylobacter Jejuni . (Master of Science Thesis, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada). Retrieved from http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ56299.pdf
[474] Laassri, M, Lottenbach, K., Belshe, R., Wolff, M., Rennels, M., Plotkin, S., and Churnakov, K. (2005). Effect of different vaccination schedules on excretion of oral poliovirus vaccine strains. J Infect Dis , 192(12), 2092-2098.
[475] Hull, H.F and Minor, P.D. (2005). “When Can We Stop Using Oral Poliovirus Vaccine?” The Journal of Infectious Diseases , 192(12), 2033–2035, https://doi.org/10.1086/498171
[476] Ibid.
[477] “a mutant gene, individual, or strain that regains a former capability (such as the production of a particular protein) by undergoing further mutation” https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/revertant
[478] Laassri, M, Lottenbach, K., Belshe, R., Wolff, M., Rennels, M., Plotkin, S., and Churnakov, K. (2005). Effect of different vaccination schedules on excretion of oral poliovirus vaccine strains. J Infect Dis , 192(12), 2092-2098.
[479] Yahya, M. (2007). Polio vaccines—“no thank you!” barriers to polio eradication in Northern Nigeria. African Affairs, 106(423), 185-204
[480] Jegede A. S. (2007). What led to the Nigerian boycott of the polio vaccination campaign?. PLoS medicine , 4(3), e73.
[481] Nature. (2018) Polio: Eradication . Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/nature/focus/polio/eradication.html
Chapter 30: SV40 scare
[482] National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC). (n.d.). NVIC Statement on Finding of PCV DNA Sequences in Rotavirus Vaccines . Retrieved from https://www.nvic.org/Downloads/barbara-loe-fisher-statement-may-7-2010.aspx
[483] Engels, E.A., Chen, J., Viscidi, R.D., Shah, K.V., Daniel, R.W., Chatterjee, N., and Klebanoff, M.A. (2004). Poliovirus Vaccination during Pregnancy, Maternal Seroconversion to Simian Virus 40, and Risk of Childhood Cancer. Am J Epidemiol, 160(4). DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwh219
[484] Ibid.
[485] Powers, A., Bocchetta, M., and Carbone, M. (2006). Viral factors in the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma. O’Byrne, K., and Rusch, V. (Eds.). Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (1 st ed., pp. 147-162). New York: Oxford University Press.
[486] Ibid
[487] Ibid.
[488] Ibid.
[489] Cutrone, R., Lednicky, J., Dunn, G., Rizzo, P., Bocchetta, M., Chumakov, K. … Carbone, M. (2005). Some oral poliovirus vaccines were contaminated with infectious SV40 after 1961. Cancer Res, 65(22), 10273-10279.
[490] Ibid.
[491] The Center of Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Vaccine Excipient & Media Summary
Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/appendices/B/excipient-table-2.pdf
[492] Cutrone, R., Lednicky, J., Dunn, G., Rizzo, P., Bocchetta, M., Chumakov, K. … Carbone, M. (2005). Some oral poliovirus vaccines were contaminated with infectious SV40 after 1961. Cancer Res, 65(22), 10273-10279.
[493] Corallini, A., Mazzoni, E., Taronna, A., Manfrini, M., Carandina, G. Guerra, G. … Tognon, M.G. (2012) Specific antibodies reacting with simian virus 40 capsid protein mimotopes in serum samples from healthy blood donors. Human Immunology , 73(5), 502-510 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2012.02.009
[494] Cutrone, R., Lednicky, J., Dunn, G., Rizzo, P., Bocchetta, M., Chumakov, K. … Carbone, M. (2005). Some oral poliovirus vaccines were contaminated with infectious SV40 after 1961. Cancer Res, 65(22), 10273-10279.
[495] Vilchez, R.A, Kozinetz, C.A, Arringtom, A.S, Madden, C.R., and Butel, J.S. (2003) Simian virus 40 in human cancers. Am J Med , 114(8) , 675 - 684
[496] Wikipedia. (2018, December 3). Ignaz Semmelweis . Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_Semmelweis
Chapter 31: Polio – The controversy continues
[497] Wikipedia. (2018, November 16). Paul Hermann Müller. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller
[498] The Nobel Prize. (n.d.). Award ceremony speech . Retrieved from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1948/ceremony-speech/
[499] Amazon. (n.d .). Jim West . Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Jim-West/e/B00KDKCBZY/ref=dp_byline_cont_ebooks_1
[500] West, J. (2000). DDT Must Be Bad . BMJ , 321: 1403. Retrieved from https://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/10/30/ddt-must-be-bad
[501] The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of the John Hopkins Medical Institutions. (n.d.). Henry W. Kumm Collection . Retrieved from http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/papers/kumm.html
[502] https://assets.rockefellerfoundation.org/app/uploads/20150530122203/Annual-Report-1951.pdf p.108
[503] The Center of Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, August 1). Surveillance Systems to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, 2015–2016 . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6613a3.htm#T1_down Table 1.
[504] The Center of Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, August 1). Surveillance Systems to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, 2015–2016 . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6613a3.htm#T1_down Table 2.
[505] The Center of Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, December 10). About Acute Flaccid Myelitis . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/about-afm.html
[506] Washington State Department of Health. (2018, October). Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM)/Poliomyelitis . Retrieved from https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/5100/420-068-Guideline-PolioAFM.pdf
[507] Ibid.
[508] The Center of Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, December 10). AFM Investigation . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/afm-surveillance.html
[509] Esteves-Jaramillo, A., Estívariz, C.F., Peñaranda, S., Richardson, V.L., Reyna, J., Coronel, D.L. …Pallansch, M.A. (2014). Detection of Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses in Mexico Using Environmental Surveillance. The Journal of Infectious Diseases , 210(suppl_1), S315–S323, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu183
[510] Haymann, D. (2017, December). Polio Eradication and Surveillance . Power Point Presentation presented at the 6 th PPG Polio Workshop on Transition Planning and Implementation, Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved from http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ppg-ws-presentation-heymann-20171208.pdf and http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ppg-workshop-report-20171208.pdf
[511] Guillot, S., Caro, V., Cuervo, N., Korotkova, E., Combiescu, M., Persu, A., Aubert-Combiescu, A., Delpeyroux, F., … Crainic, R. (2000). Natural genetic exchanges between vaccine and wild poliovirus strains in humans . J Virol , 74(18), 8434-8443.
Chapter 32: India’s polio
[512] Vashisht, N. and Puliyel, J. (2012). Polio programme: let us declare victory and move on. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics , 9(2), 114-117.
[513] John, T. J., & Vashishtha, V. M. (2013). Eradicating poliomyelitis: India's journey from hyperendemic to polio-free status. The Indian journal of medical research , 137(5), 881-94.
[514] G. Dunn. “Twenty-Eight Years of Poliovirus Replication in an Immunodeficient Individual: Impact on the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.” PLOS pathogens August 27, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005114
[515] Dunn, G., Klapsa, D., Wilton, T., Stone, L., Minor, P. D., & Martin, J. (2015). Twenty-Eight Years of Poliovirus Replication in an Immunodeficient Individual: Impact on the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. PLoS pathogens , 11(8), e1005114. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005114
[516] National Public Radio, Inc. (NPR). (2017, June 28). Mutant Strains Of Polio Vaccine Now Cause More Paralysis Than Wild Polio . Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/06/28/534403083/mutant-strains-of-polio-vaccine-now-cause-more-paralysis-than-wild-polio
[517] The Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (n.d.). Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated . Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/downloads/biologicsbloodvaccines/vaccines/approvedproducts/ucm133479.pdf
[518] Vashisht, N. and Puliyel, J. (2012). Polio programme: let us declare victory and move on. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics , 9(2), 114-117.
[519] Ibid.
[520] Ibid.
[521] Puliyel, J., Sathyamala, C., and Banerji D. (2007). Protective efficacy of a monovalent oral type 1 poliovirus vaccine. [Correspondence]. Lancet , 370(9582), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61075-7
[522] Yadav, K., Rai, S.K., Vidushi, A., and Pandav, C.S. (2009). Intensified pulse polio immunization: Time spent and cost incurred at primary healthcare centre. The National Medical Journal of India ,) 22(1), 13-17.
[523] Yadav, K., Rai, S.K., Vidushi, A., and Pandav, C.S. (2009). Intensified pulse polio immunization: Time spent and cost incurred at primary healthcare centre. The National Medical Journal of India ,) 22(1), 13-17.
[524] Mayo Clinic. (2017, December 9). Polio . Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polio/symptoms-causes/syc-20376512
[525] Ibid.
[526] All India Drug Action Network (AIDAN). (2008, August 12). Memorandum on Pulse Polio . Retrieved from https://aidanindia.wordpress.com/2008/08/12/memorandum-on-pulse-polio/
[527] True Democracy Party. (2013, March 28). PARALYSIS HAUNTS ‘POLIO FREE’ INDIA: 30 Scientific Studies Showing Link Between Vaccines And Autism . Retrieved from http://truedemocracyparty.net/2013/03/paralysis-haunts-polio-free-india-30-scientific-studies-showing-link-between-vaccines-and-autism/
[528] Sanofi Pasteur, (n.d.). Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/downloads/biologicsbloodvaccines/vaccines/approvedproducts/ucm133479.pdf
[529] CNN. (2011, February 4). Bill Gates: Vaccine-autism link 'an absolute lie' . Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/02/03/gupta.gates.vaccines.world.health/index.html
Chapter 33: Hepatitis B virus – Do babies need the vaccine?
[530] The World Health Organization (WHO). (2018, July 18). Hepatitis B . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b
[531] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2017, March 16). Hepatitis B . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hepb.html
[532] The Nobel Prize. (n.d.). Baruch S. Blumberg Biographical . Retrieved from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1976/blumberg/auto-biography/
[533] Blumberg, B.S. (1976, December 13). Australia Antigen and the Biology of Hepatitis B . Nobel Lecture presented at the Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. Retrieved from
[534] History of Vaccines. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/hepatitis-b-australia-antigen
[535] Blumberg, B. S., Friedlaender, J. S., Woodside, A., Sutnick, A. I., & London, W. T. (1969). Hepatitis and Australia antigen: autosomal recessive inheritance of susceptibility to infection in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 62(4), 1108-1115.
[536] Lakna. (2017, October 20). Difference Between Immunoglobulin and Antibody. Pediaa . Retrieved from http://pediaa.com/difference-between-immunoglobulin-and-antibody/
[537] Lymenet. (n.d.). Current Disease . Retrieved from http://www.lymenet.de/labtests/IgMIgGtimes.htm
[538] MacDonald, P.N (Ed.). (2001). Two-Hybrid Systems: Methods and Protocols . New Jersey: Humana Press Inc.
[539] The World Health Organization (WHO). (2017). Global Hepatitis Report, 2017 . Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255016/9789241565455-eng.pdf;jsessionid=4243B9466E2F2681367C7A9561F0A126?sequence=1
[540] Ibid
[541] Ibid.
[542] Ibid.
[543] The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2017, August 11). Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions – United States, 2015 . [SeeTable 4]. Retrieved at https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/64/wr/pdfs/mm6453.pdf
[544] United States Census Bureau. (2016, June). Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Single Year of Age and Sex for the United States: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015. 2015 Population Estimates . Retrieved from https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=PEP_2015_PEPSYASEXN&prodType=table
[545] Ibid.
Chapter 34: Hepatitis B virus vaccine – Syndromes
[546] Bonnefont-Rousselot, D., Chantalat-Auger, C., Teixeira, A., Jaudon, M.C, Pelletier, S., and Cherin, P. (2004). Blood oxidative status in patients with macrophagic myofasciitis. Biomed Pharmacol , 58(9), 516-519.
[547] Authier, F.J., Cherin, P., Creange, A., Bonnotte, B., Ferrer, X., Abdelmoumni, A., …Gherardi, R.K. (2001). Central nervous system disease in patients with macrophagic myofasciitis. Brain , 124(Pt 5), 974-983
[548] Faure, E. (2005). Multiple sclerosis and hepatitis B vaccination: could minute contamination of the vaccine by partial hepatitis B virus polymerase play a role through molecular mimicry? Med Hypotheses , 65(3), 509-520.
[549] Rougé-Maillart, C.l., Guillaume, N., Jousset, N., and Penneau, M. (2007). Recognition by French courts of compensation for post-vaccination multiple sclerosis: the consequences with regard to expert practice. Med Sci Law , 47(3), 185-190.
[550] Vogel, G. (2017, June 27). Decision by Europe’s top court alarms vaccine experts. Science . Retrieved from http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/06/decision-europe-s-top-court-alarms-vaccine-experts
[551] Schipani, V. (2017, July 3). Scientific Evidence and the EU Court. FactCheck.org . Retrieved from https://www.factcheck.org/2017/07/scientific-evidence-eu-court/
[552] Schauttauer, G. (2004, October 18). Tod in 48 Stunden. Focus Magazin Nr. 43. Retrieved from https://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/studie-tod-in-48-stunden_aid_201268.html
[553] Ibid.
[554] Yang, J ., Qi, F ., Yang, Y ., Yuan, Q ., Zou, J ., Guo, K ., and Yao, Z . (2016). Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination impaired the behavior and neurogenesis of mice transiently in early adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology , 73, 166-176.
[555] Hewitson, L., Houser, L.A, Carol, S., Sackett, G., Tomko, J.L, Atwood, D., …White, E.R. (2010). Delayed acquisition of neonatal reflexes in newborn primates receiving a thimerosal-containing Hepatitis B vaccine: Influence of gestational age and birth weight. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A , 73(19), 1298-1313
[556] Ibid.
[557] Curtis, B., Liberato, N., Rulien, M., Morrisroe, K., Kenney, C., Yutuc, V., Ferrier, C., Marti, C. N., Mandell, D., Burbacher, T. M., Sackett, G. P., … Hewitson, L. (2015). Examination of the safety of pediatric vaccine schedules in a non-human primate model: assessments of neurodevelopment, learning, and social behavior. Environmental health perspectives, 123(6), 579-589.
[558] Wakefield, A.J., Murch, S.H., Anthony, A., Linnell, J., Casson, D.M., Malik, M., ... Walker-Smith, J.A. (1998). Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. The Lancet , 351(9103), P637-641.
[559] Mikaeloff, Y., Caridade, G., Suissa, S., and Tardieu, M. (2009). Hepatitis B vaccine and the risk of CNS inflammatory demyelination in childhood. Neurology , 72(10), 873-880. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000335762.42177.07.
[560] Gallagher, C.M. and Goodman, M.S. (2010). Hepatitis B vaccination of male neonates and autism diagnosis, NHIS 1997-2002. J Toxicol Environ Health A , 73(24), 1665-1677.
[561] Gallagher, C. and Goodman, M. (2008). Hepatitis B triple series vaccine and developmental disability in US children aged 1-9 years. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry , 90(5), 997–1008.
[562] The Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (n.d.). Recombivax Hepatitis B vaccine . Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM110114.pdf
[563] John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (2017, October 18). Preservative-Free Hepatitis B Vaccine. Retrieved from http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/news-SKB%20no-preserv-hepb-vax.htm
[564] Burbacher, T. M., Shen, D. D., Liberato, N., Grant, K. S., Cernichiari, E., & Clarkson, T. (2005). Comparison of blood and brain mercury levels in infant monkeys exposed to methylmercury or vaccines containing thimerosal. Environmental health perspectives , 113(8), 1015-1021.
Chapter 35: Hepatitis A virus vaccine – how badly do we need it?
[565] Carolla, A. and Kimmel, J. (1999-2014) The Man Show. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0202741/characters/nm0453994
[566] Sattar, S. A., Jason, T., Bidawid, S., & Farber, J. (2000). Foodborne spread of hepatitis A: Recent studies on virus survival, transfer and inactivation. The Canadian journal of infectious diseases = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses , 11(3), 159-163.
[567] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2016, July 20). Hepatitis A VIS . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-a.html
[568] World Health Organization (WHO). (2018, September 19). Hepatitis A . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a
[569] Department of Health and Human Services. (2004, December 1). National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Inclusion of Hepatitis A Vaccines in the Vaccine in the injury Table . [Vol. 69, No. 230]. Retrieved from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2004-12-01/pdf/04-26273.pdf
[570] National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. (2017, November 28). Data & Statistics . [Monthly Statistics Report]. https://www.nvic.org/cmstemplates/nvic/pdf/vicp/vicp-monthly-report-12-2017.pdf
Chapter 36: H. influenzae type b vaccine – No, it’s not the flu
[571] Riberio, G.S., Reis, J.N., Cordeiro, S,M., Lima, J.B., Gouveia, E.L., Petersen, M., …Ko, A.l. (2003). Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Meningitis and Emergence of Serotype Replacement with Type a Strains after Introduction of Hib Immunization in Brazil. The Journal of Infectious Diseases , 187(1), 109-116 ·
[572] National Reference Laboratory. (n.d.). About Us . Retrieved from https://nrl.ae/en/contents/view/about-us.html
[573] Zanella, R.C., Bokermann, S., Andrade, A.L., Flannery, B., and Brandileone, M.C. (2011). Changes in serotype distribution of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis isolates identified through laboratory-based surveillance following routine childhood vaccination against H. influenzae type b in Brazil. Vaccine , 29(48), 8937-8942.
[574] Bruce, M.G., Zulz, T., DeByle, C., Singleton, R., Hurlburt, D., Bruden, D., ...Wenger, J.D. (2013). Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a Invasive Disease, Alaska, USA, 1983–2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases , 19(6), 932-937.
[575] Adams, H.J., Richardson, S.E., Jamieson, F.B., Rawte, P., Low, D.E., and Fisman, D.N. (2010). Changing epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Ontario, Canada: evidence for herd effects and strain replacement due to Hib vaccination. Vaccine , 28(24), 4073-4078.
[576] Rubach, M. P., Bender, J. M., Mottice, S., Hanson, K., Weng, H. Y., Korgenski, K., Daly, J. A., … Pavia, A. T. (2011). Increasing incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in adults, Utah, USA. Emerging infectious diseases , 17(9), 1645-1650.
[577] Frasier, H.A. (2011). The peanut allergy epidemic: what’s causing it and how to stop it . [p. 7.]. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub.
[578] Classen, J.B. and Classen, D.C. (2002). Clustering of cases of insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) occurring three years after hemophilus influenza B (HiB) immunization support causal relationship between immunization and IDDM. Autoimmunity , 35(4), 247-253
[579] Wahlberg, J., Fredriksson, J., Vaarala, O., Ludvigsson, J., and Abis Study Group. (2003). Vaccinations may induce diabetes-related autoantibodies in one-year-old children. Ann N Y Acad Sci , 1005, 404-408.
[580] National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance. (2009, December). Diabetes and vaccines . [Fact Sheet]. Retrieved from http://www.ncirs.org.au/sites/default/files/2018-12/diabetes-and-vaccines-fact-sheet.pdf
[581] Ibid.
Chapter 37: Meningococcal vaccine – The many shades
[582] World Health Organization. (2018, February 19). Meningococcal meningitis . [Fact sheet]. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/meningococcal-meningitis
[583] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2017, September). Enhanced Meningococcal Disease Surveillance Report, 2016 . [Surveillance Report]. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/downloads/NCIRD-EMS-Report.pdf
[584] The World Bank. (2017). Population ages 0-14 (% of total) . Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS
[585] Immunization Action Coalition (IAC). (n.d.). Meningococcal ACWY . Retrieved from http://www.immunize.org/askexperts/experts_meningococcal_acwy.asp
[586] World Health Organization (WHO). (n.d.). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/gho/epidemic_diseases/meningitis/en/
[587] Ibid.
[588] World Health Organization (WHO). (n.d.). Emergency preparedness, response . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/disease/meningococcal_disease/en/
[589] World Health Organization (WHO). (2005, June 14). Global Alert and Response (GAR) . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2005_06_14/en/
[590] World Health Organization (WHO). (2005, January 28). Emergency preparedness, response . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2005_01_28a/en/
[591] World Health Organization (WHO). (2000, May 03). Emergency preparedness, response . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2000_05_03/en/
[592] World Health Organization (WHO). (2000, April 26). Emergency preparedness, response . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2000_04_26/en/
[593] World Health Organization (WHO). (2000, April 21). Emergency preparedness, response . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2000_04_21b/en/
[594] Stratton, K., Ford, A., Rusch, E., and Clayton, E.W. (2011). Meningococcal Vaccine. In Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines; Institute of Medicine (Eds.). Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality . Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). ISBN-13: 978-0-309-21435-3ISBN-10: 0-309-21435-1 Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/read/13164/chapter/1
[595] Stratton, K., Ford, A., Rusch, E., and Clayton, E.W. (2011). Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality . Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines; Institute of Medicine (Eds.). (p. 611). Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). ISBN-13: 978-0-309-21435-3ISBN-10: 0-309-21435-1 Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/read/13164/chapter/13#611
[596] Ibid.
[597] Stratton, K., Ford, A., Rusch, E., and Clayton, E.W. (2011). Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality . Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines; Institute of Medicine (Eds.). (p. 610). Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). ISBN-13: 978-0-309-21435-3ISBN-10: 0-309-21435-1 Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/read/13164/chapter/13#609
Chapter 38: Pneumococcal vaccine – The many shades of Prevnar
[598] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, December 6). Pneumococcal Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know . Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pneumo/public/index.html
[599] Ibid.
[600] Mount Sinai Hospital. Department of Microbiology. (n.d.). What is Streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococcus? . Retrieved from https://eportal.mountsinai.ca/Microbiology/faq/pneumofaq.shtml
[601] Ibid.
[602] Ibid.
[603] Pfizer. (2016, November 16). National Advisory Committee on Immunization (Naci) Gives Prevnar® 13 Grade a Recommendation . Retrieved from https://www.pfizer.ca/national-advisory-committee-immunization-naci-gives-prevnar%C2%AE-13-grade-recommendation
[604] Pfizer. (n.d.). Vaccines . [2016 Annual Review]. Retrieved from https://www.pfizer.com/files/investors/financial_reports/annual_reports/2016/scientific-innovation/vaccines/index.html
[605] Ibid.
[606] Ibid.
[607] Pichichero, M.E. and Cary, J.R. (2007). Emergence of a multiresistant serotype 19A pneumococcal strain not included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine as an otopathogen in children. JAMA , 298(15), 1772-1778
[608] Ibid.
[609] Tan T. Q. (2012). Pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in the United States in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Clinical microbiology reviews , 25(3), 409-419.
Chapter 39: MMR, the viral riot
[610] Kubota, Y., Iso, H., Tamakoshi, A., and JACC Study Group. (2015). Association of measles and mumps with cardiovascular disease: The Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) study. Atherosclerosis , 241(2), 682-686.
[611] Pesonen, E., Andsberg, E., Ohlin, H., Puolakkainen, M., Rautelin, H., Sama, S., and Persson, K. (2007). Dual role of infections as risk factors for coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis , 192(2), 370-375
[612] Kerdile, Y.M., Sellin, C.I., Druelle, J., and Horvat, B. (2006). Immunosuppression by measles virus: role of viral proteins. Rev Med Virol , 16(1), 49-63
[613] Corning. (2007). Falcon Product Selection Guide . Retrieved from https://www.corning.com/media/worldwide/cls/documents/selection-guides/CLS-F-PSG-001%20REV2.pdf
[614] World Health Organization (WHO). (n.d.). M-M-R II . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/immunization_standards/vaccine_quality/PQ_168_MMR_MSD_PI_July2008.pdf
[615] Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (n.d.). ProQuad . Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/downloads/biologicsbloodvaccines/vaccines/approvedproducts/ucm123796.pdf
[616] Tanaka, Y., Ueda, Y., Yoshino, K., & Kimura, T. (2017). History repeats itself in Japan: Failure to learn from rubella epidemic leads to failure to provide the HPV vaccine . Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics , 13(8), 1859-1860.
[617] Odisseev, H.1. and Gacheva, N. (1994). Vaccinoprophylaxis of mumps using mumps vaccine, strain Sofia 6, in Bulgaria. Vaccine , 12(14), 1251-1254
[618] The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. (2018, January 19). Human Cell Strains in Vaccine Development , Retrieved from https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/human-cell-strains-vaccine-development
[619] Ibid.
[620] Deisher, T.A., Doan, N.V., Koyama, K., and Bwabye, S. (2015). Epidemiologic and Molecular Relationship Between Vaccine Manufacture and Autism Spectrum Disorder Prevalence. Issues Law Med , 30(1), 47-70.
[621] The World Bank. (2018). Countries and Economies . Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/country
[622] World Health Organization (WHO). (2018, July 19). Global Health Observatory data repository . Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A826
[623] The Washingtom Post. (2015, February 3). Map: 113 countries have higher measles immunization rates than the U.S. for 1-year-olds . Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/02/03/map-113-countries-have-higher-measles-immunization-rates-than-the-u-s-for-1-year-olds/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.b3085a84b682
[624] https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/02/06/384068229/measles-vaccination-rates-tanzania-does-better-than-u-s
[625] Singh, V.K., Lin, S.X., Newell, E., and Nelson, C. (2002) Abnormal measles-mumps-rubella antibodies and CNS autoimmunity in children with autism. J Biomed Sci , 9(4), 359-364.
[626] Mondello, S. and Hayes, R. (2015). Chapter 16 –Biomarkers. Traumatic Brain Injury [Vol.1, Part 1, pp. 245-265]. Waltham, MA: Elsevier B.V .
Chapter 40: MMR – Autism and a ravaged immune system
[627] Cell Culture DISH. (2012, June13). FDA Issues Guidance for Warning Labels on All Drugs Produced Using Blood Products including Plasma-derived Albumin . Retrieved from https://cellculturedish.com/fda-issues-guidance-for-warning-labels-on-all-drugs-produced-using-blood-products-including-plasma-derived-albumin/
[628] Ratajczak, H.V. (2010). Theoretical aspects of autism: Causes—A review. Journal of Immunotoxicology , 8(1), 68-79
[629] Ibid.
[630] Ibid.
[631] Arumugham, V. (2017). Role of MMR II vaccine contamination with GAD65 containing chick embryo cell culture in the etiology of type 1 diabetes . [Technical Report]. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1034770
[632] ResearchGate. (n.d.). Vinu Arumugham. Retrieved form https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vinu_Arumugham2
[633] Roep, B. O., & Peakman, M. (2012). Antigen targets of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2(4), a007781.
[634] Gatti, A.M. and Montanari, S. (2016). New Quality-Control Investigations on Vaccines: Micro- and Nanocontamination. Int J Vaccines Vaccin , 4(1): 00072.
[635] Singh, V.K., Lin, S.X., Newell, E., and Nelson, C. (2002) Abnormal measles-mumps-rubella antibodies and CNS autoimmunity in children with autism. J Biomed Sci , 9(4), 359-364.
[636] Ibid.
[637] Ibid.
[638] Wikipedia. (2018, October 6). Vijendra K. Singh . Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijendra_K._Singh
[639] Singh, V.K. (2009). Phenotypic expression of autoimmune autistic disorder (AAD): a major subset of autism. Ann Clin Psychiatry , 21(3), 148-161.
[640] Offit, P.A. and Hackett, C.J. (2003). Addressing Parents’ Concerns: Do Vaccines Cause Allergic or Autoimmune Diseases?. Pediatrics , 111(3), 653-659
[641] Honda, H., Shimizu, Y., and Rutter, M. (2005) No effect of MMR withdrawal on the incidence of autism: a total population study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry , 46(6), 572-579.
[642] Ibid.
[643] Thomas, P. and Margulis, J. (2016). The Vaccine-Friendly Plan: Dr. Paul's Safe and Effective Approach to Immunity and Health-from Pregnancy Through Your Child's Teen Years . New York, N.Y: Ballantine books
[644] Dr. Paul Approved. (n.d.). The Dr. Paul Approved Vaccine Plan . Retrieved from http://www.drpaulapproved.com/uploads/6/4/8/3/64831775/dr_paul_approved_vaccine_plan.pdf
[645] Global Research. (2015, February 25). Vaccines Linked to Autism – Preserve Medical Freedom: Dr. Paul Thomas, M.D. . Retrieved from https://www.globalresearch.ca/vaccines-linked-to-autism-preserve-medical-freedom-dr-paul-thomas-m-d/5433505
[646] Ibid.
[647] Yilmaz, D., Aydin, O.F., Senbil, N., and Yuksel, D. (2006). Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: Is there something different in the younger children? Brain and Development , 28(10), 649-652 .
Chapter 41: Varicella – The chicken itch
[648] Ballabio, C., Bertino, E., Coscia, A., Fabris, C., Fuggetta, D., Molfino., … Restani, P. (2007). Immunoglobulin-A Profile in Breast Milk From Mothers Delivering Full Term and Preterm Infants. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacologoy , 20(1), 119-128
[649] Mayo Clinic. (2018, May 16). Shingles . Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/shingles/symptoms-causes/syc-20353054
[650] Edmunds, W.J. and Brisson, M. (2002). The effect of vaccination on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus. J Infec t, 44(4), 211-219.
[651] Cision PR Web. (2003, October 2). DATA REVEALS THREAT OF SHINGLES EPIDEMIC FROM VACCINE USE Health Officials Threaten Legal Action Against Researcher . Retrieved from http://www.prweb.com/releases/2003/10/prweb82645.htm
[652] Merck. (2018, October). Varivax . Retrieved from https://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/v/varivax/varivax_pi.pdf
[653] Ibid.
[654] Ibid.
Chapter 42: Rotavirus – The runs
[655] Soares-Weiser, K., Maclehose, H., Bergman, H., Ben-Aharon, I., Nagpal, S., Goldberg, E., … Cunliffe, N. (2012). Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , 11, CD008521
[656] Food and Drug Administration. and Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. (2010, May 7). FDA Vaccine and Related Biological Product Advisory Committee Meeting . [Transcript]. Retrieved from https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170405194334/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics/VaccinesandRelatedBiologicalProductsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM215266.pdf
[657] NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2015, October 5). Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST)(V260-006) . Retrieve from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT00090233
[658] https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00480324
[659] NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2018, June 8). Efficacy, Safety, Reactogenicity & Immunogenicity of the Rotarix Vaccine in Japanese Infants . Retrieved from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00480324
[660] Food and Drug Administration. (2017, February). RotaTeq . Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/downloads/biologicsbloodvaccines/vaccines/approvedproducts/ucm142288.pdf
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[662] Food and Drug Administration. and Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. (2010, May 7). FDA Vaccine and Related Biological Product Advisory Committee Meeting . [Transcript. p. 15]. Retrieved from https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170405194334/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics/VaccinesandRelatedBiologicalProductsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM215266.pdf
[663] Food and Drug Administration . (n.d.). Rotarix . Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/downloads/biologicsbloodvaccines/vaccines/approvedproducts/ucm133539.pdf
[664] Martin, M. and Badalyan, V. (2012). Vaccination practices among physicians and their children. Open Journal of Pediatrics , 2, 228-235.
Chapter 43: Rotavirus and the porcine invaders
[665] Mercola. (2019, January 19). Mercola. Take Control of Your Health . Retrieved from https://www.mercola.com/
[666] National Vaccine Information Center. (2010, May 20). Vaccine Safety Critics Call For RotaTeq Vaccine Recall & Clean-Up . Retrieved from https://www.nvic.org/NVIC-Vaccine-News/May-2010/Vaccine-Safety-Critics-Call-For-RotaTeq-Vaccine-Re.aspx
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[669] Ibid.
[670] FDA Vaccine and Related Biological Product Advisory Committee Meeting . (2010 May 7). (Testimony of Dr. Barbara Howe). [Transcript. p. 33]. Retrieved from https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170405194334/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics/VaccinesandRelatedBiologicalProductsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM215266.pdf
[671] FDA Vaccine and Related Biological Product Advisory Committee Meeting . [Transcript. pp. 33-34]. Retrieved from https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170405194334/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics/VaccinesandRelatedBiologicalProductsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM215266.pdf
[672] Federal Pay. (n.d.). Federal Employee Profile – Andrew K. Cheung . Retrieved from https://www.federalpay.org/employees/agricultural-research-service/cheung-andrew-k
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[675] FDA Vaccine and Related Biological Product Advisory Committee Meeting . [Transcript. p. 39]. Retrieved from https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170405194334/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics/VaccinesandRelatedBiologicalProductsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM215266.pdf
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[678] FDA Vaccine and Related Biological Product Advisory Committee Meeting . [Transcript. p. 44]. Retrieved from https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170405194334/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics/VaccinesandRelatedBiologicalProductsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM215266.pdf
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[681] FDA Vaccine and Related Biological Product Advisory Committee Meeting . [Transcript. pp. 78-79]. Retrieved from https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170405194334/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics/VaccinesandRelatedBiologicalProductsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM215266.pdf
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[683] FDA Vaccine and Related Biological Product Advisory Committee Meeting . (2010 May 7). (Testimony of Dr. Gordon Allan). [Transcript. p. 112]. Retrieved from https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170405194334/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics/VaccinesandRelatedBiologicalProductsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM215266.pdf
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Chapter 44: The gut and the brain
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[719] World Health Organization. (2017, April 4). Autism spectrum disorders . Retrieved from http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders
[720] Focus for Health (2017, August 28). Autism Rates across the Developed World . Retrieved from https://www.focusforhealth.org/autism-rates-across-the-developed-world/
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