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abortion, 6, 15, 157
Adelaide, empress, wife of Otto I, 23
Adelaide, queen, wife of Louis VI, 103
adultery, attitudes toward, 6, 13, 15, 18, 19, 42–46
Aethelbert of Kent, king, code of, 19
Aethelflaed, daughter of King Alfred, 23
Alberti, Leon Battista, 193, 197, 229
Albertus Magnus, 50–51, 52
Albigensian heresy. See Cathar heresy
ale-tasters, 161, 177
Alfred, King, 20, 23
Alphonse or Poitiers, 100, 109, 111, 113–114, 116, 118
Amalasuntha, queen, 22
anchoresses, 92
Andreas Capellanus, 46
Anna Comnena, 24, 25
annulment. See divorce
Aregund, queen, 17
Aristotle, 49–50, 51, 80
Arte di Calimala, 179, 198
Augustine, Saint, 53, 79
Barons’War, 136–140
Beaumanoir, Philippe de, 120–121, 125
beguines, 91–92
Benedictine Rule, 65, 66
Benyt, Alice, 147, 150, 155, 159–160, 161–162, 164
Benyt, Robert, 146, 147, 149, 159
Berkeley, Lady Isabel, 213
Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint, 81, 82, 87
Bernardine of Siena, Saint, 34, 55, 204, 231
betrothal, 31–32, 152, 210
birth control. See contraception
Black Death, 157, 181, 194, 201, 205, 206
Blackstone, William, 3–4, 30
Blanche of Castile, 97–119 (101, 108), 188, 231; marriage, 98–100; children, 100–101; coronation, 102; first re-
gency, 104–110; as dowager queen, 110–115; second regency, 115–118, 119; death, 118–119
Boinebroke, Jehan, 166–168, 170–173, 174
Bonaventure, Saint, 36
brewing, 161, 175–177
Brunhild, queen, 22
Bullough, Vern, 13
Busch, Johann, 71
Byzantium, women in, 24–25
Caesaria, abbess, 65
Caesarius, bishop of Aries, rule of, 65
Caister Castle, 218, 219, 222, 223, 226
Calle, Margery Paston, 223, 224–225
Calle, Richard, 215, 223, 224–225
Calpumia, wife of Pliny the Younger, 14
canonesses, 91
Canossa, 23
Cathar heresy, 94–96, 103, 123
Charlemagne, 18–19
Charles of Anjou, 100, 116, 118–119
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 52, 58–59, 75, 162, 16;, 214; son Thomas, 214
Chenduit, Ralph, 144
childbirth, 5–6, 9, 34, 42, 100, 101, 112, 157, 207–209
churching, 9, 128
Ciompi, 169–170
Cistercians, 87, 88, 113, 118, 132, 231
Clare, Saint, 72, 89–90
class conflict, 169–174
clothing, 127, 155, 156, 188–191, 206, 230
clothmaking, 155–156, 165–175, 179, 180, 181
Clovis, 17, 22
Cnut, king, code of, 20–21
common law, status of women under, 30, 31–32, 175
consanguinity, 33, 35
contraception, 6, 15, 54, 55–56, 157
corrody, 157
cottagers, 145, 146, 155–156, 157, 158, 160
courtly love, 41–42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 106, 120–121
courtship, 33–34
crafts, women in, 156, 165–181
Customs of Beauvais, 46, 120
Cuxham, 144–147, 149, 154–157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 164
Damietta, battle of, 116
Dante Alighieri, 79, 231
Dati, Gregorio, 207–209
Datini, Francesco, 184–188, 189, 191-
194, 196, 197–202, 205–207, 230
Datini, Ginevra, 201–202, 206
Datini, Margherita, 184–207, (195), 212, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232; marriage, 185–187; house, 184, 187–189, 191;
childlessness, 185, 186–187, 201;
household management, 185, 192, 193–197, 205–206; letters, 184–185, 199–200, 201; widowhood, 206; death, 206
De amore, 46
Dia, countess of (Beatriz de Dia), 45
The Diseases of Women, 5–6
Disibodenberg, abbey of, 63–64, 68, 76, 81
“The Divided Horsecloth,” 150
divorce, 6, 13, 18–19, 33
Dominicans, 39, 88, 90–91, 112–113, 140
Douai, 166–174, 187
double monastery, 66, 87–88
double standard, 6, 13, 46, 48
Dover Castle, 138–140
dower, 31–32, 98, 113, 122, 136, 140- 141, 158–159, 223, 232
dowry, 6–7, 13, 15, 31, 98, 113, 122, 129, 154, 185–186, 201, 202, 223
Drayton, manor of, 220, 221
Dryver, Henry le, 146, 155
Dulcetius, 67–68
Durazzo, battle of, 24
Edict of Chilperic, 18
Edith Matilda, queen, 105
education of women, 7, 10, 14–15, 22, 23, 63, 64, 66–67, 100–101, 112–113, (i) 198–199, 201–202, 212–213, (ii) 217, 223, 230, 231
Edward 1, king of England, 140, 141
Edward IV, king of England, 222, 226
Einhard, 19
Eleanor of Aquitaine, 84, 97–98, 99, 105
Elizabeth of Schonau, 85
Engels, Friedrich, 7
Epistre au dieu d’amour, 10–12
equity, legal doctrine of, 30–31
Esclarmonde de Foix, 95–96
Eugenius III, pope, 81
Euphemia, abbess of Wherwell, 68
Eve, 37, 38, 40, 41
Evesham, battle of, 139
fabliaux, 37, 42
family, size of, 100, 157, 215
famuli, 154–155, 156
Fastolf, Sir John, 219, 220, 222
femme sole, 175
Fontevrault, abbey of, 87, 99
food, 71, 131, 155, 157, 158, 161–162, (iii) 191–193, 202, 215–216, 230
(iv) Fortunatus, 22
Franciscans, 39, 72, 88, 89, 91, 132
Francis of Assisi, Saint, 88
Fredegund, queen, 22
Frederick I (Barbarossa), emperor, 84
Frederick II, emperor, 115, 116, 129, 135
Fugger, Barbara Baesinger, 183
Fugger, Jacob, 183
furniture, 155, 156, 188, 216
Galen, 51–52
Germain, Saint, 21
Gerson, jean, 55
Gilbert of Sempringham, Saint, order of
(Gilbertines), 87, 88, 142
Gilles d’Orléans, 39
Goodman of Paris (Ménagier de Paris), 190–191, 205–206
Gratian, 58
Gregory VII, pope, 23
Gregory IX, pope, 58
Gregory, bishop of Tours, 21–22
Grene, Matilda ate, 145, 155, 164
Grene, Robert ate, 145
Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln, 91, 132
Guibert of Nogent, abbot, 52–53
guilds, women in, 178–181
gynaeceum, 6, 13, 24
Harvey, William, 51
Hedwig, Saint, 56
Helfta, convent of, 85–86
Henry II, king of England, 26–27, 84, 97, 99
Henry III, king of England, 104, 107, 109. 115, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 131, 134–136, 137, 140, 141
Henry IV, emperor, 23
Henry of Almain, 141
Henry of Susa (Cardinal Hostiensis), 52
heriot, 159
Herlihy, David, 25–26
Herrad of Landsberg, 85
Hilda of Whitby, 66
Hildegarde of Bingen, 63–65, 68, 76–85
(77, 82, 83), 87, 231; birth, 63; education, 63; profession, 63; as abbess, 76–85; at Rupertsberg, 78–85; writings, 76–81, 82, 83, 85; as sage and prophet, 81–84; letters, 83–84; death, 85
household management, 131–132, 137-138, 185, 192, 193–197, 215–216, 228, 229, 232
houses, 68, 102, 113, 124–125, 126, 129–131, 133, 155–156, 166–167, 184, 187–188, 759, 191, 218, 227, 230
Hroswitha of Gandersheim, 67–68
Hugh, bishop of Lincoln, 100
Hugh de Lusignan, count of La Marche, 105, 114, 115
Huguccio, bishop, 53–54
Humbert de Romans, 39–41
Hundred Years’ War, 219
infanticide, 6
Ingund, queen, 17
inheritance, women’s rights of, 14, 18, 19, 27–30, 122, 147–150, 158–159, 161–162, 211, 227, 232
Innocent IV, pope, 115, 116, 117
Irene, Byzantine empress, 25
Isabella of Gloucester, 33
Isabelle of Angouleme, 136, 140
Isabelle of Bavaria, queen of France, 10, 11
Jehan et Blonde, 120–121
Jenney, William, 219–220
Jerome, Saint, 14–15, 112
Joan of Arc, 229
John, king of England, 28–29, 33. 97.
98, 101, 104, 115, 121, 124–125, 135
Joinville, Jean de, 48, 100–101, 111–112, 113–115
Justinian, Byzantine emperor, 24
Jutta, abbess of Disibodenberg, 63, 64, 68, 76
Juvenal, 14
Kempe, Margery, 92–94, 177
Kenilworth Castle, 126, 127, 129–131, ‘33, 135. 136. 137. 139. 140, 188
Langland, William, 162–164, 177
Las Huelgas, abbey of, 88
law codes, women in; Anglo-Saxon, 20–21 Burgundian, 18; English, 46;
Frankish, 17–19; French, 46; Lom-
bard, 17, 18; Saxon, 17; Spanish, 46;
Visigoth, 18
legal rights of women, 7, 13–14, 27–30
Lewes, battle of, 137
life expectancy, 100, 157, 230, 231
Lioba, abbess of Bischofsheim, 66–67
literacy, 7, 14–15, 64, 66–67, 143, 184-
185, 198–199, 202, 210, 212–213, 230, 231
Lothar I, king of the Franks, 16, 17, 18, (iv) 22
Louis VI, king of France, 103
Louis VII, king of France, 97
Louis VIII, king of France, 97, 100–102, 103–104, 105, 118
Louis IX, king of France (St. Louis), 48, 56, 57, 100–101, 103–104, 107, 108, III, 114, 115–116, 118, 119, 121, 136, 141
Magna Carta, 28, 121, 122
Mandeville, Geoffrey de, Earl of Essex, 28
manorial courts, 141, 143, 152, 159, 161–162
manorial system, 4, 75, 141–147, 159-161
Mansourah, battle of, 48, 116
Marbode, bishop of Rennes, 38–39
Margaret, Countess Marshal, 232
Marguerite of Provence, queen of France, 55–56, 110–112 (///), 116, 119
Marie de Bourbon, prioress, 90
Marozia, 22–28
marriage, 6, 13, 15, 18, 27–36 (32), 41, 97, 98, 110–112, 125–126, 150–154, 185–187, 199–200, 202, 203, 210, 211, 212, 213, 223–226, 232; age at, 98–99, 122, 150, 185; consent in, 6, 13, 20, 98
Marsh, Adam, 132–134
Marshal, Richard, 122
Marshal, William II, 122, 125
Mary, worship of, 37, 40–41, 42
Master of Hungaiy, 117
Matilda, abbess of Quedlinburg, 66
Matilda, countess of Tuscany, 23
Matilda, queen of England, 105
Mazzei, Ser Lapo, 198, 204
Mechtild of Magdeburg, 86–87
medical ideas about women, 7–9, 48–52
menstruation, 8–9, 51
merchants, women as, 182–183
merchet, 150
Merton College, 144–145, 150
Michael IV, Byzantine emperor, 57
Minnesingers, 37, 43, 44, 47
misogyny, 7–12, 37–50, 58–59, 87–88
Montfort, Amaury de, 132, 141, 142
Montfort, Eleanor de, Countess of
Leicester, 120–142, 162, 188, 216, 231; birth, 121; first marriage, 122; second marriage, 125–126; household, 131–132; seal, /27; dower litigation, 136, 140–141; in command of Dover
Castle, 139–140; banishment, 140-141; death, 141
Montfort, Eleanor de (daughter), 135, 140, 142
Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester, 121, 123–139
Montfort, Simon de (son), 128, 139, 140, 141
Montfort-1’Amaury, castle of, 128, 130
Morgengabe (male dowry), 15
mysticism, women and, 63, 76–87, 92–94
Notre-Dame-aux-Nonnains, Troyes, abbey of, 89
Notre-Dame-de-Paris, 111, 117–118
nunneries, 63–92, 154; buildings of, 68;
claustration in, 75–76; community and poverty in, 73, 74–75, 89–91; daily
routine, 70, 71, 73; early history of, 65–68; officers of, 68–79 (69)
Odiham Castle, 124–125, 131, 132, 137
Oxford University, 109–110, 144–145, 212, 217, 222, 223
Paris, Matthew, 91, 115, 116–117, “8, 126, 128, 129, 144
Paston, Agnes, 210, 211, 212, 217, 225–226
Paston, Clement, 211
Paston, John I, 210, 212, 213, 214–215, 217, 220
Paston, John II (Sir John), 212, 222, 226, 227
Paston, John III, 222, 223, 224, 226, 227
Paston, Margaret, 210–228, 229, 230, 231, 232; marriage, 210, 212; education, 212; character, 212; defense of
Paston property, 215, 219, 220; house-
hold management, 215–217; children, 215–217, 223–226; death, 227
Paston, Margery Brews, 226
Paston, Justice William, 210–212, 214
Patiniere, Agnes, 166, 170–172
Paul, Saint, 9, 37, 38, 52
peasant women, 143–164; marriage of, 150–154; property rights of, 147–150, 158–160, 161–162; unmarried, 154;
wages of, 154; work of, 146–147, 148, 149, 151, 153, 154–155. 164
Peter Lombard, 34
Peter Mauclerc, count of Brittany, 104, 105, 107, 109, 114
Philip II (Augustus), king of France, 28, 97, 98, 101–102, 103
Philip III (le Hardi), king of France, 119
physiology of women, 7–9, 48–52
Piers Plowman, 162–164, 177
Pisan, Christine de, 10–12 (//), 90–91, 162, 198
Pliny the Elder, 7–8
Pliny the Younger, 14
Plumpton, Dorothy, 217
Poissy, abbey of, 90–91
politics, women in, 7, 14, 21–23, 24–25
65–66, 97–119, 161, 231
polygamy, 16, 17, 18–19
Poor Clares, 73, 88, 89–90
Pougy, Odette de, abbess, 89
Poynings, Elizabeth Paston, 217, 226
Poynings, Robert, 226
Prato, 184, 187, 196, 197, 200, 201, 202, 205, 206, 228
Premonstratensians, 87–88
Procopius, 22
property rights of women, 6–7, 13, 18, 26, 27–31, 147–150, 157–159, 161- 162
prostitution, 56–58
Provisions of Oxford, 135–136
putting-out system, 166, 169–170, 173-‘75
Quinze Joyes de Manage, 42–45
Radegund, Saint, 21–22, 71
Raymond Berenger IV, count of Provence, 110
Raymond, count of Toulouse, 109
regents, women as, 23, 25, 66, 104–110, 115–119, 230
religion, role of women in, 7, 14, 21–22, 63–96
Richard, earl of Cornwall, 126, 129, 136, 141 145
Rigaud, Eudes, archbishop, 72–73, 76
Robert Guiscard, 24
Robert of Artois, 100, 110, 113, 114, 116, 118
Roman de la Rose, 42, 46
Romanus, Cardinal, 109, 110
Rome, women in, 13–15, 230
Rules of Marriage (Regole matrimoniale), 48
Rupertsberg, convent of, 78, 81, 84–85
Ste. Croix, abbey of, Poitiers, 22, 71
Salic law, 18
Salimbene, Fra, 38–39
Sandford, Cecily de, 123
servants, 73, 131–132, 154, 181–182, 193–194, 197, 206
sex, attitudes toward, 7–9, 34, 36, 48- 59, 94
Sichelgaita of Salerno, 24
Singer, Charles, 79
slaves, 193–197, 201, 206
Tacitus, 15
Taillebourg, battle of, 115
Tertullian, 37–38, 41
Theodora, Byzantine empress (d. 548), wife of Justinian, 24–25
Theodora, Byzantine empress (1050-1052), 25
Theophano, mother of emperor Otto III, Thibaut IV (le Chansonnier), count of
Champagne, 104, 105–107, 114
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 34–36, 41, 50, 51
troubadours and trouvères, 37, 41–42, 45, 46, 106
University of Paris, 50, 84, 109–110
Urban IV, pope, 89, 119
Urraca, queen of Portugal, sister of
Blanche of Castile, 97, 114
Villani, Giovanni, 231
villeins, 146, 160, 164
Vincent of Beauvais, 112–113
Vitry, Jacques de, 57, 75, 91
wages, women’s, 154, 181, 182
wardship, 13, 27–29
Wars of the Roses, 214, 222, 226–227
weddings, 31–33 (32), 98, 110–112, 125–127, 152, 186, 202, 203
wergild, 17
wet nurses, 202–204
widows, 28–29, 122, 149–150, 157–161, 174, 178, 179, 182, 231, 232; sale of
remarriage of, 28–29
wife-beating, 46, 48, 49
Wife of Bath, 52, 58–59, 165
William of St. Pathus, 56
wills, women’s, 6, 19–21, 29, 225, 227- 228
working women, city, 165–183; and class
conflict, 169–172; in crafts, 165–181;
in guilds, 178–181; housing of, 166-168; as merchants, 182–183; as ser-vants, 181–182; wages of, 181, 182;
working conditions of, 168–169
Wycliffe, John, 94, 207
Yelverton, Anne Paston, 226
Yelverton, Judge William, 219–220, 226
Yelverton, William (grandson), 226
Zoe, Byzantine empress, 25