PREFACE
1. Dave Richards, Once Upon a Time in Texas: A Liberal in the Lone Star State (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002), 179–181.
2. Cecile Richards, interview with Jesse Sublett, April 9, 2016.
INTRODUCTION
1. Mike Tolleson, interview with Jesse Sublett, August 27, 2015.
EARNING MY HIPPIE CARD
1. Thorne Dreyer, interview with Jesse Sublett, 2014; Jack Madigan, “Five Charged Here in Dope Possession,” Austin American-Statesman, January 28, 1966.
COSMIC JUSTICE
1. Mike Cox, “Wrecker Poised at Armadillo,” Austin American-Statesman, January 6, 1981.
2. Ibid.
3. “The Sportcenter: Owen Davis, Producer, Proudly Presents—Horace Logan and His Louisiana Hayride, Starring Elvis Presley,” August 25, 1955, collection of the author; “Sportcenter, Austin, TX,” Scotty Moore official website, accessed November 20, 2015, http://scottymoore.net/austinSportcenter.html; Ed Ward, “An Armadillo, So Survival-Minded, Succumbs,” Austin American-Statesman, August 26, 1980.
4. “The Sportcenter: Owen Davis, Producer, Proudly Presents—Horace Logan and His Louisiana Hayride, Starring Elvis Presley,” August 25, 1955, collection of the author.
5. Daily Texan, October 26, 1976; “M. K. Hage, Jr., Leader in Education, Real Estate, Dies at 82,” Austin American-Statesman, December 27, 2007.
6. Wikipedia, s.v., “Draft Lottery,” last modified February 23, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_lottery_(1969).
7. Gary Cartwright, The Best I Recall: A Memoir (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015).
8. Chet Flippo, “Uncle Zeke’s Rock Emporium,” Rolling Stone, October 12, 1972.
9. Bobby Hedderman, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2003.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Mike Tolleson, interview with Jesse Sublett, August 27, 2015.
14. Kaye Northcott, “The Life and Death of the Cosmic Cowboy: From Austin to Amarillo and Abilene, the Sound Moves On,” Mother Jones, June 16, 1981.
15. Rag, August 3, 1970.
HEAD HONCHO
1. Mike Tolleson, interview with Jesse Sublett, August 27, 2015.
2. Thorne Dreyer and Victoria Smith, “The Movement and the New Media,” originally published March 1, 1969, http://www.lns-archive.org/histories/1969RagArticle-by-ThorneDreyer-and-VictoriaSmith-LNS-and-NewMedia.htm.
3. Bobby Hedderman, interview with Jesse Sublett, September 3, 2015.
THE ARMADILLO ART SQUAD
1. Marc Savlov, “Violators Will Be Punished,” Austin Chronicle, September 12, 1997; Alan Schaefer, Homegrown: Austin Music Posters 1967 to 1982 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015).
A KING, A DOMINO, A CAPTAIN, AND A LEO
1. “Earl of Ruston,” C. C. Courtney official website, accessed September 23, 2015, http://www.cccourtney.com/Earl%20of%20Ruston.htm; “Earl of Ruston (1970–1971),” Internet Theatre Database, accessed September 23, 2015, http://www.theatredb.com/QShow.php?sid=s2326.
2. Jim Franklin, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2003.
1. Charles H. Sauer bio, Technologists.com, accessed September 23, 2015, http://technologists.com/sauer.
A CULTURAL REFINERY
1. Bud Shrake, “An Armored Force on the March,” Sports Illustrated, January 24, 1972, 1.
2. Sam Wood, “Mini-View,” Austin American-Statesman, March 24, 1971.
THINGS WERE LOOKING UP
1. Mike Tolleson, interview with Jesse Sublett, August 27, 2015.
2. Marc Crichton, “Armadillo Headquarters: C-W Music Center,” Daily Texan, August 11, 1972.
3. Ibid.
4. Ben King, “Austin Music Scene Varied,” Daily Texan, August 11, 1972.
5. Jim Farber, “Early All-Female Rock Band Fanny, Consisting of Sisters June and Jean Millington, Big on Girl Power,” New York Daily News, August 12, 2011, http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/early-all-female-rock-band-fanny-consisting-sisters-june-jean-millington-big-girl-power-article-1.950414.
6. Townsend Miller, “A Big Night at Armadillo HQ,” Austin American-Statesman, July 22, 1972.
THE GREAT REDNECK-HIPPIE MERGER
1. Joe Gracey, “Rock Beat: Willie and Mike Get Together,” Austin American-Statesman, August 19, 1972.
2. Townsend Miller, “Encore at Dripping Springs?,” Austin American-Statesman, August 19, 1972.
3. Ed Ward, “An Armadillo, So Survival-Minded, Succumbs,” Austin American-Statesman, August 26, 1980.
4. Chet Flippo, “Uncle Zeke’s Rock Emporium,” Rolling Stone, October 12, 1972.
5. Ibid.
6. Bobby Hedderman, interview with Jesse Sublett, September 3, 2015.
7. Ibid.
8. Display ad, Austin American-Statesman, March 26, 1973.
9. “James Atlee Phillips, 77,” Chicago Tribune, June 3, 1991, http://articles.chicago-tribune.com/1991-06-03/news/9102190460_1_mr-phillips-novels-edgar-award; Wikipedia, s.v. “Shawn Phillips,” last modified February 26, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn_Phillips.
10. “Thunder Road (1958),” Internet Movie Database, accessed July 5, 2015, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0052293.
11. Billy Joe Shaver, Honky Tonk Hero (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005).
A BREED APART
1. Bobby Hedderman, interview with Jesse Sublett, September 3, 2015.
2. Robert Gower, interview with Eddie Wilson and Jesse Sublett, 2015.
BEING THANKFUL FOR WHAT WE’VE GOT
1. Jim Franklin, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2004.
2. Ibid.
NOT YOUR DADDY’S BEER JOINT
1. Sid Griffin, Gram Parsons: A Music Biography (Etiwands, California: Sierra Records & Books, 1985), 158.
2. Peter Doggett, Are You Ready for the Country: Elvis, Dylan, Parsons and the Roots of Country Rock (New York: Penguin, 2000); Wikipedia, “Luckenbach, Texas,” last modified January 15, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luckenbach,_Texas.
THE FIRST WILLIE NELSON PICNIC
1. Mike Tolleson, interview with Jesse Sublett, August 27, 2015.
2. Eddie Wilson, Bobby Hedderman, Woody Roberts, and Mike Tolleson, interview with Jesse Sublett, September 4, 2015.
3. Mike Tolleson, interview with Jesse Sublett, August 27, 2015.
ARMADILLO TV, OR WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN
1. Joe Gracey, “Rock Beat,” Austin American-Statesman, July 7, 1973.
2. Ibid.
3. Jan Reid, The Improbable Rise of Redneck Rock (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004).
4. Eddie Wilson, Bobby Hedderman, Woody Roberts, and Mike Tolleson, interview with Jesse Sublett, September 4, 2015; Mike Tolleson, interview with Jesse Sublett, August 27, 2015.
5. Townsend Miller, “Country Music,” Austin American-Statesman, July 21, 1973.
6. “History of ACL on Austin City Limits.” Austin City Limits. Accessed November 28, 2016. http://acltv.com/history-of-acl.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Jan Reid, The Improbable Rise of Redneck Rock (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004).
10. Sam Roberts, “Bill Arhos, Founder of ‘Austin City Limits,’ Dies at 80,” New York Times, April 14, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/arts/television/bill-arhos-founder-of-austin-city-limits-dies-at-80.html.
11. Jason Mellard, Progressive Country: How the 1970s Transformed the Texan in Popular Culture (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2013), 2.
HOME WITH THE ARMADILLO
1. Joe Gracey, “Rock Beat,” Austin American-Statesman, November 1973.
2. Jan Reid and Don Roth, “The Coming of Redneck Hip,” Texas Monthly, November 1973, http://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/the-coming-of-redneck-hip.
3. Ibid.
4. Chet Flippo, “Uncle Zeke’s Rock Emporium,” Rolling Stone, October 12, 1972.
5. A. B. Gunter, “Musical ‘Boundaries’ Disappearing,” Daily Texan, December 7, 1972
6. A. B. Gunter, “Country-Rock Stirs Social Mix,” Daily Texan, December 8, 1972.
7. Jan Reid, The Improbable Rise of Redneck Rock (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004).
8. Jason Dean Mellard, “Home with the Armadillo: Public Memory and Performance in the 1970s Austin Music Scene,” Journal of Texas Music History, vol. 10 (2010): 1–14.
9. Gary P. Nunn, “London Homesick Blues.”
LONG LIVE LONGNECKS
1. Eddie Wilson, Bobby Hedderman, Woody Roberts, and Mike Tolleson, interview with Jesse Sublett, September 4, 2015.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Douglas Martin, “Hank Thompson Is Dead; Country Singer Was 82,” New York Times, November 8, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/08/arts/08thompson.html?_r=0.
6. Michael Ennis, “The Beer That Made Armadillos Famous,” Texas Monthly, February 1982, http://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/the-beer-that-made-armadillos-famous/; John Spong, “Bottle Rocket,” Texas Monthly, November 2014, http://www.texasmonthly.com/food/bottle-rocket.
POT, BIG RED, ACID, COKE, AND PUMPKINS
1. Roy Butler obituary, Houston Chronicle, November 16, 2009, http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/houstonchronicle/obituary.aspx?pid=135946886.
FEEDING THE LEGEND
1. Gordon Rayner, “Queen’s Birthday Honours: Van Morrison Knighted,” Telegraph, June 12, 2015, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/honours-list/11671979/Queens-Birthday-Honours-Van-Morrison-knighted.html.
2. Cory Graves, “Songs About Dallas: The Rolling Stones’ ‘Rip This Joint,’” Central Track, February 7, 2014, http://centraltrack.com/Music/4860/Songs-About-Dallas/The-Rolling-Stones-Rip-This-Joint.
CROSSTOWN COMPETITION
1. Michael Ventura bio, accessed November 11, 2015, http://michaelventura.org.
2. Dub Rose, interview with Jesse Sublett, July 15, 2015.
3. Wikipedia, s.v. “Asleep at the Wheel,” last modified January 8, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asleep_at_the_Wheel.
4. Leea Mechling, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2003.
5. The cover stories were, respectively, Maureen Orth, “The Making of a Rock Star,” Newsweek, October 27, 1975, and Jay Cocks, “Rock’s New Sensation,” Time, October 27, 1975; for more background, see Dave Lifton, “The Story of Bruce Springsteen’s Historic ‘Time’ and ‘Newsweek’ Covers,” Ultimate Classic Rock, October 27, 2015, http://ultimateclassicrock.com/bruce-springsteen-time-newsweek.
6. “Music: Groover’s Paradise,” Time, September 9, 1974.
7. Ibid.
TRAVELING ARMADILLO BLUES
1. “The John Hammond Years: Interview with John Hammond and Leonard Cohen, BBC, September 20, 1986,” Leonard Cohen Files, accessed July 22, 2015, http://www.leonardcohenfiles.com/jhammond.html.
DEAR LONE STAR
1. Information in the header of the letter-styled report is official TYNA/TACI letterhead, designed by Micael Priest.
2. American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA) Washington Square Theatre.
1. Gordon Fletcher, “Bongo Fury,” Rolling Stone, January 1, 1976, http://www.roll-ingstone.com/music/albumreviews/bongo-fury-19760101.
2. Denny Freeman, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2004.
3. Wikipedia, s.v. “The Pointer Sisters,” last modified March 1, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pointer_Sisters.
ONE LAST SWING FOR THE FENCES
1. Hank Alrich, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2004.
2. Jan Beeman, interview with Joe Nick Patoski 2004.
3. The Tomlinson Lone Star Book of Texas Records, 4th ed. (Fort Worth: Lone Star Book of Texas Records, 1980).
4. Bobby Hedderman, interview with Jesse Sublett, November 18, 2015.
5. Bobby Hedderman, interview with Jesse Sublett and Eddie Wilson, August 4, 2015.
EDDIE HAS LEFT THE BUILDING
1. “Dillo in Debt,” Texas Monthly, August 1976.
2. Betsy Stevens, “Armadillo Terminates 42,” Daily Texan, September 24, 1976.
3. Ibid.
4. Joe Nick Patoski, “Whose Armadillo?,” Texas Monthly, May 1976.
5. “Dillo Still Afloat—Wilson,” Texas Observer, November 4, 1976.
6. Henry Gonzalez, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2004.
7. Hank Alrich, e-mail to Eddie Wilson and Jesse Sublett, July 21, 2015.
8. “Dillo Still Afloat—Wilson,” Texas Observer, November 4, 1976; “Stormy Weather for the Armadillo,” Austin Sun, November 12, 1976.
9. Freddie King bio, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, accessed December 1, 2015, https://rockhall.com/inductees/freddie-king/bio/; Amy Van Beveren and Laurie E. Jasinski, “King, Freddie,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed December 1, 2015, https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fkimt.
THE ARMADILLO EMERGES
1. Several sources covered details of Armadillo Productions’ Chapter 11 and restructuring: Hank Alrich, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2004; “Austin Notes Interviews Hank Alrich,” Austin Notes, August 1977; Joe Frolick, “Armadillo Keeps Faith in Austin Music,” Austin American-Statesman, August 11, 1978; Brad Stribling, “Armadillo Refinances to Continue Operating,” Daily Texan, February 9, 1977.
2. Ed Miller, “Austin Notes Interviews Hank Alrich,” Austin Notes, August 1977.
3. US Inflation Calculator, accessed November 28, 2015, http://www.usinflationcalculator.com.
4. Hank Alrich, e-mail to Eddie Wilson and Jesse Sublett, July 21, 2015.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Vikki Barnhart, Daily Texan, November 27, 1978.
8. For an authoritative inside view of the Austin punk/new wave scene in the late 1970s, see Jesse Sublett, Never the Same Again: A Rock ’n’ Roll Gothic (Austin: Boaz/Tenspeed, 2004); Jeff Whittington, “New Wave Groups Rock Austin: Dictators, Skunks Punk Out Dillo,” Daily Texan, August 29, 1978.
9. Jan Beeman, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2004.
10. Dub Rose, interview with Jesse Sublett, 2015.
11. Erin Geiger Smith, “Joe Jamail, Pennzoil’s $13 Billion Man, Makes 80 Over 80 List,” Business Insider, October 22, 2009, http://www.businessinsider.com/joe-jamail-pennzoils-3-billion-man-makes-80-over-80-list-2009-10#ixzz34FdTDDW0; Wikipedia, s.v. “Joe Jamail,” last modified February 20, 2016; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Jamail; Joe Nick Patoski, “The Armadillo’s Last Waltz,” Texas Monthly, August 1980, 163.
12. “City of Austin Population History 1840 to 2015,” City of Austin, accessed August 24, 2015, http://www.austintexas.gov/sites/default/files/files/Planning/Demographics/population_history_pub.pdf.
13. “Wrecker Poised at Armadillo,” Austin American-Statesman, January 6, 1981.
14. Henry Gonzalez, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2003.
LAST CALL
1. Jan Beeman, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2004.
2. Ed Ward, “Thanks for the Memories,” Austin American-Statesman, January 1, 1981.
3. Ed Ward, “Thanks for the Memories,” Austin American-Statesman, January 2, 1981.
4. Leea Mechling, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2004.
5. Jan Beeman, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2004.
6. Leea Mechling, interview with Joe Nick Patoski, 2004.
7. Wikipedia, s.v. “Armadillo World Headquarters,” last modified February 12, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armadillo_World_Headquarters.
FUL CIRCLE
1. John Morthland made the statement in a story for the Los Angeles Times, and although we haven’t been able to find the article, John Morthland assured me via e-mail in 2015 that he did write that line and can’t remember the subject or title of the article, either.
2. Al Rose, I Remember Jazz: Six Decades Among the Great Jazzmen (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987).
3. Ibid.; Wikipedia, s.v. “Shake, Rattle and Roll,” last modified January 21, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shake,_Rattle_and_Roll.
4. Rory Burbeck, “SXSW 2015 Economic Impact Report,” September 15, 2015, http://www.sxsw.com/news/2015/economic-impact-report.
5. Wikipedia, “American Poster Institute,” last modified November 24, 2014, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Poster_Institute.
6. Alan Schaefer, Homegrown: Austin Music Posters 1967 to 1982 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015).
7. Omar Gallega, “New Braunfels Event Sold Pieces of Threadgill’s Owner Eddie Wilson’s Austin Treasures,” Austin American-Statesman, January 17, 2015, http://www.mystatesman.com/news/news/local/nostalgia-big-bids-send-off-armadillo-world-headqu/njqsf; Kevin Curtin, “Armadillos to the Highest Bidder,” Austin Chronicle, January 19, 2015.