NOTES
11 The boys rode down: Ints. Larry Taunton, March 12, 1993; Daniel O’Connor, April 6, 1993; and Jack Mercier, April 6, 1993.
12 They made no secret: Int. Richard Stratton, April 5, 1993.
12 O’Connor knew: Int. Daniel J. O’Connor, April 6, 1993.
14 In his speeches: Int. Thomas McLarty, April 19, 1993.
15 “It’s the biggest thrill”: Hot Springs Sentinel-Record, June 1963.
15 Amid the excitement: Int. Larry Taunton, March 12, 1993.
15 She loved to tell: Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992.
15 The eighteenth annual: Boys Nation program, July 19-26, 1963, The American Legion.
15 The official politicking: Senior Scholastic, Sept. 23, 1963.
16 The looming danger: The Washington Post (cited hereafter as WP), July 24, 1963.
16 where the local Lions: Int. Ron Cecil, Jan. 3, 1994.
16 His mother would: Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992.
16 Most of the boys: Int. O. L. Johnson, March 10, 1993.
16 With both parties: Senior Scholastic, Sept. 23, 1963.
17 The Arkansas luncheon quartet: Int. Larry Taunton, March 12, 1993.
17 “the cat’s meow”: Int. Bill Clinton, Aug. 6, 1992.
17 Clinton wanted to be vice president: Int. John E. Mills, March 11, 1993.
18 Fred Kammer squirmed. Int. Fred Kammer, Feb. 26, 1993.
18 A year later: Int. Richard Stratton, April 5, 1993.
18 It got quiet: Ints. Richard Stralton, April 5, 1993, and Larry Taunton, March 12, 1993.
19 At quarter to ten: Transcript and tape of President Kennedy’s speech to Boys Nation, July 24, 1963, JFK Library.
20 After an early lunch: Int. O. L. Johnson, March 10, 1993.
20 The next morning: Ints. Larry Taunton, March 12, 1993, and Jack Mercier, April 6, 1993.
21 Details of William J. Blythe Ill’s birth from Edith Cassidy’s records, in possession of her niece, Myra Irvin, and from Hope Star, Aug. 20, 1946.
22 one of Hope’s dazzling characters: Ints. Myra Irvin, Feb. 9, 1993; Falba Lively, Feb. 8, 1993; Jack and Jimmy Hendrix, Feb. 10, 1993; and Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992, and July 12, 1993.
22 He came off the farm: Ints. Mary Nell Turner, Feb. 9, 1993; Dale Drake, Aug. 3, 1994; Jack and Jimmy Hendrix, Feb. 10, 1993; and Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992, and July 12, 1993.
23 Virginia worked: Hope Star, Hope High School tabloid edition, May 28, 1941.
24 “There was a sense”: Int. Jack Hendrix, Feb. 10, 1993.
24 Virginia got away: Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992.
24 in his military records: Obtained in FOIA request from National Personnel Records Center, Military Personnel Records, St. Louis. Also, W. J. Blythe military discharge records on file at Hempstead County Courthouse, Hope, Arkansas.
24 Blythe was “a handsome man”: Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992.
25 She flirted through eye contact: Virginia Kelley, Leading with My Heart (cited hereafter as Leading), pp. 40-42.
25 There is a contradiction: W, J. Blythe Army discharge papers filed at Hempstead County Courthouse, Dec. 13, 1945, and Military Personnel Records in St. Louis.
25 Anyone doubting: Leading, p. 45.
25 She knew that he had: lnts. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992, and July 12, 1993.
26 She did not know about the December…: Blythe’s marital past is documented in courthouse records in Medill, Oklahoma; Oklahoma City; Dallas and Austin, Texas; and Ardmore, Oklahoma. Bill Clinton and Virginia Kelley were first told about Blythe’s history during the 1992 presidential campaign, after Clinton’s campaign office received inquiries from possible relatives. They said nothing publicly until an article by Gene Weingarten in The Washington Post dated June 20, 1993, revealed the possibility that Henry Leon Ritzenthaler was fathered by W. J. Blythe.
26 sailing away on a troopship: Blythe’s wartime experiences are based on historical records of the 125th Ordnance Base Auto Maintenance Battalion, stored at the National Archives.
27 Hometown News: Anderson’s letters were later compiled by Hope historian Mary Nell Turner and reprinted by the Hempstead County Historical Society journal in 1991.
27 no plans to stay: Leading, pp. 54-55, has Virginia Kelley’s version. Military records, with dates that conflict with Kelley’s, are taken from Blythe discharge papers filed at Hempstead County Courthouse on Dec. 13, 1945, and from Military Personnel Records in St. Louis.
28 little time to get to know. Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992, and Leading, pp. 56-59.
28 May 17 was a Friday: Descriptions of Blythe’s trip home and his fatal automobile accident come from interviews with Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992; Buddy Grisham, Feb. 11, 1993; and Elmer Greenlee, Jan. 14, 1992, and July 20, 1993. Also articles in Hope Star, May 18, 1946; Sikeston Standard, May 20, 1946; and WP, June 20, 1993.
29 day that Billy Blythe was born: Arkansas Gazette, Aug. 20, 1946.
29 the race issue still defined Hope: lnts. Mary Nell Turner, Feb. 9, 1993; Al Graves, Sr., Feb. 9, 1993; George Wright, Feb. 11, 1993; and Dale Drake, Aug. 3, 1994.
30 His days as the iceman: lnts. Virginia Kelley, July 12, 1993; Margaret Polk, Feb. 22, 1993; and Dale Drake, Aug. 3, 1994. Leading, pp. 74-75.
30 Edith kept him occupied: lnts. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992, and Myra Irvin, Feb. 9, 1993. Leading, p. 74.
31 Clinton had a wife and two stepsons: From records of Ina Mae Clinton’s divorce from Roger Clinton, filed at Garland County Courthouse in Hot Springs, Aug. 17, 1948.
31 that he was a philanderer: Leading, p. 85.
31 “I’m fixin’ to marry”: Int. Buddy Grisham, Feb. 11, 1993.
32 Billy would “light up”: Int. Donna Taylor Wingfield, Feb. 10, 1993.
32 He called Roger Clinton “Daddy”: The fact that Roger Clinton did not legally adopt Bill Clinton is established in the papers Bill filed on June 12, 1962, at the Garland County Courthouse to change his name from William Jefferson Blythe to William Jefferson Clinton.
32 he hauled out a gun: lnts. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992; Margaret Polk, Feb. 22, 1993; Dale Drake, Aug. 3, 1994; and Donna Taylor Wingfield, Feb. 10, 1993.
33 Virginia hated the farm. Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992. Leading, pp. 93-94.
33 it belonged to big brother Raymond: Raymond Clinton’s ownership of the Park Avenue house is documented in divorce papers Virginia Clinton filed against Roger Clinton on May 15, 1962. Roger’s financial troubles are detailed in Leading, p. 90.
34 The Clintons had arrived: From oral history of Raymond Clinton conducted by Dorothy Wise, Oct. 24, 1980, as part ol’the Leo P. McLaughlin project.
34 He spent much of his time drinking: Leading, pp. 110-12. Ints. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13. 1992, and Judy Ellsworth, April 24, 1994.
35 Billy tried to carve out: Int. Bill Clinton, May 14, 1992.
36 Every boy in the school: Int. Ron Cecil, Jan. 3, 1994.
37 To open the side door: Ints. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, Jan. 14, 1992, and June 8, 1993.
37 an olfactory sensation: Int. David Leopoulos, June 9, 1993.
38 After secretly saving money: Leading, p. 119.
39 In seeking to end the marriage: The account of events leading to their divorce is taken from divorce records and affidavits filed at Garland County Courthouse, May 15, 1962. Also Ints. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992, and June 12, 1993, and Bill Clinton, Jan. 20, 1992.
40 “Mother,” he said: Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992.
40 The only Roger Clinton: Records filed at Garland County Courthouse, June 12, 1962. Also Int. Bill Clinton Jan. 20, 1992.
41 But it was not his castle: Ints. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, Jan. 14, 1992, and June 8, 1993; Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992; and David Leopoulos, June 9, 1993.
41 He had planned to run: Ints. Phil Jamison, Feb. 21 and April 2, 1993.
42 He ran for it: Ints. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, Jan. 14, 1992, June 8, 1993, and July 12,1993. 42 Mrs. Mackey turned down some requests: Ints. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992, and David Leopoulos, June 9, 1993.
42 When Root assigned: Int. Paul Root, July 13, 1993.
42 During his sophomore year: Int. Phil Jamison, April 2, 1993.
43 cadre of teachers: Ints. Elizabeth Buck, July 29, 1993; Ron Cecil, Jan. 3, 1994; Phil Jamison, Feb. 21, 1993; and Carolyn Yeldell Staley, June 8, 1993.
44 His speech to the Civitan Club: Hot Springs Sentinel-Record, Dec. 6, 1963.
44 Band teacher Virgil Spurlin: Ints. Virgil Spurlin, July 14, 1993; John Hilliard, July 12, 1993; and David Leopoulos, June 9, 1993.
45 “the opportunity to create something”: Arkansas Democrat, Sept. 27, 1977.
45 He toted his saxophone: Int. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, June 8, 1993.
45 Virgil Spurlin saw in young Clinton: Int. Virgil Spurlin, July 14, 1993.
46 more like fraternity brothers: lnts. Carolyn Staley, July 12, 1993, and John Hilliard, July 12, 1993.
47 He never wanted to be alone: Int. David Leopoulos, June 9, 1993.
47 Graduation for the Hot Springs: The account of commencement events is drawn from Hot Springs High Torchlight, May 29, 1964. Also ints. with David Leopoulos, June 9, 1993; Carolyn Yeldell Staley, June 8, 1993: Phil Jamison, Feb. 21, 1993; Virgil Spurlin, July 13, 1993; and Edith Irons, Jan. 14, 1992.
48 He had the last word: Copy of Clinton’s speech and Virginia’s letter about it saved by Edith Cassidy, in possession of her niece, Myra Irvin.
50 “Remember, at Georgetown”: The Courier (October 1964), p. 22.
50 there were women around: Demographics from Georgetown University Registrar provided by Georgetown University archivist Jon K. Reynolds.
51 the freshman dean mused: Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992.
51 Clinton’s roommate reached: Ints. Tom Campbell, Jan. 22 and Feb. 3, 1993.
52 There was inevitable posturing: Ints. Tom Campbell, Jan. 22, 1993; John Dagnon, Feb. 26, 1993; and Tom Caplan, Feb. 27-28, 1993.
52 While another southern freshman: Int. Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993.
52 “Dear Mammaw”: Postcard to Edith Cassidy, Sept. 21, 1964.
52 He and roommate Campbell: lnts. Tom Campbell, Jan. 22 and Feb. 3, 1993.
53 Clinton returned to the dorm: Int. Tom Campbell, Jan. 22, 1993.
53 “One thing I really want”: Letter to Edith Cassidy, Oct. 9, 1964.
53 Tommy Caplan had met Kennedy: Int. Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993.
55 His candidacy was nonideological: The account of Clinton’s campaign for freshman president is based on interviews with Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993; Judith Bacher, Feb. 3, 1993; Tom Campbell, Jan. 22, 1993; Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993; John Dagnon, Feb. 26. 1993, David Kammer, Feb. 6, 1993: Paul Maloy, March 2, 1993; and David Matter, Feb. 5, 1993. Also The Hoya, Oct. 25 and Nov. 6. 1964, and The Courier (December 1964).
56 “I know I’m late”: Letter to Edith Cassidy, Nov. 7, 1964.
56 Robert Irving, the English professor: Int. Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993.
57 under Father Joseph S. Sebes. lnts. Bill Clinton, May 14, 1992; Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993; Joe Baczko, Feb. 8, 1993; and Father James Walsh, SJ., Jan. 25, 1993.
57 Hentz championed the philosophy: Int. Otto Hentz, Jan. 25, 1993.
58 “I think you should”: This conversation was recalled similarly by Hentz, Jan. 25, 1993, and Bill Clinton, May 14, 1992.
58 “Half the people at Georgetown”: Clinton gubernatorial inaugural speech in Little Rock, Jan. 13, 1987.
58 his course was mandatory: Description of Carroll Quigley based on interviews with Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993; Tom Campbell, Jan. 22, 1993; Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993; Phil Verveer, Feb. 2, 1993; Jim Moore, Jan. 21, 1993; Jon R. Reynolds, Jan. 22, 1993, and David Matter, Feb. 5, 1993. Also Quigley documents at Lauinger Library Archives, Georgetown University.
60 From the nursing home: Int. Myra Irvin, Feb. 1993. Irvin saved Edith Cassidy’s possessions, including address book, envelopes, and letters from her grandson. Letters from Bill Clinton, Oct. 9, Nov. 8, and Nov. 25, 1964.
60 He went to a dance: Int. Phil Jamison, Feb. 21, 1993.
61 “Everybody else has moods”: Int. Jim Moore, Feb. 1. 1993.
61 Among his fellow student politicians: The account of Clinton in student government is taken from interviews with Phil Verveer, Feb. 2, 1993; David Kammer, Feb. 6, 1993; and Paul Maloy, March 2, 1993.
63 A letter to the editor: The Hoya, Feb. 18, 1965.
64 still supportive of the president: Int. Tom Campbell, Jan. 22, 1993.
64 Denise Hyland left: The account of Clinton’s friendship with Denise Hyland is drawn from interviews with Denise Hyland, March 4, May 14, and July 12, 1993.
65 “I met some awfully cute kids”: Letter to Denise Hyland, June 1965.
65 “My grandfather is dying”: Letter to Denise Hyland, June 10, 1965.
66 After the funeral: Letter to Denise Hyland, June 18, 1965.
66 “I remember the blackness”: Int. Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993.
67 Carolyn Yeldell was home: Int. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, June 8, 1993.
67 “What feedback are you getting”: Letter to Denise Hyland, Aug. 11, 1965.
67 “Just searching”: Letter to Denise Hyland, Aug. 11, 1965.
68 “This one tall proud Texas boy”: Int. Denise Hyland, March 4, 1993.
69 For the start: Int. Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993.
70 “Bill, you’ve got your nose”: Int. Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993.
70 A medical student had once: Im. Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993.
70 the most exacting course: The account of Walter I. Giles is drawn from interviews with Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993; Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993; John Dagnon, Feb. 26, 1993; John Spotila, Jan. 12, 1994; Phil Verveer, Feb. 2, 1993; and David Kammer, Feb. 6, 1993.
72 He was, in the football realm: lnts. Phil Jamison, April 2, 1993, and Denise Hyland, March 4, 1993.
72 When his grandmother mailed: Postcard to Edith Cassidy, Feb. 2, 1966.
73 “A small price to pay”: Int. Denise Hyland, May 14, 1993.
73 “All males harbor fears”: The Courier (April 1966), p. 7.
73 Alpha Phi Omega: Ints. Tom Campbell, Jan. 22, 1993, and Donald Pattee, Jan. 22, 1993.
74 They flew out to Little Rock: Int. Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993.
74 he decided not to run: Int. David Matter, Feb. 5, 1993.
75 Lyda Holt was seated: Int. Lyda Holt, June 8, 1993.
75 Clinton had relied on: Int. Jack Holt, Jr., June 4, 1993.
75 Holt was immediately put on the defensive: Undated Arkansas Gazette articles in Lyda Holt scrapbook.
76 He surrounded himself with young people: Descriptions of the Holt Generation from interviews with Lyda Holt, June 8, 1993; Paul Fray, April 25, 1994; David Glover, June 4, 1993; Richard King, June 5. 1993; and Jack Holt, Jr., June 4, 1993.
76 “and warming the bench, me”: Letter to Denise Hyland, June 29, 1966.
77 They were quite a quartet: Int. Lyda Holt, June 8, 1993.
77 “I never took orders”: Letter to Denise Hyland, July 8, 1966.
77 His letters to Denise: Int. Denise Hyland. May 14, 1993.
77 As the fire engines: Int. Lyda Holt, June 8, 1993.
77 “I hope you saw me”: Letter to Edith Cassidy, July 1, 1966.
78 Clinton made a special plea: Int. Lyda Holt, June 8, 1993.
78 “Last night I spoke for”: Letter to Denise Hyland, July 8, 1966.
78 The day after the speech: Int. Lyda Holt, June 8, 1993.
79 “a good reminder”: Letter to Denise Hyland, Aug. 8, 1966.
79 It was a scorching day: Int. David Pryor, June 29, 1993.
79 “I think the heat”: Letter to Denise Hyland, July 14, 1966.
79 “Boy, you meet all kinds”: Letter to Denise Hyland, July 14.
80 “The Holts travel”: Memphis Commercial-Appeal, July 12, 1966.
80 In his letters: Int. Denise Hyland, May 14, 1993.
81 “Denise, he’s never lost”: Letter to Denise Hyland, June 29, 1966.
81 “All I can do is pray”: Letter to Denise Hyland, Aug. 8, 1966.
81 “He sweet and nice”: Int. Lyda Holt, June 8, 1993.
81 He told Jack Holt, Jr.: Int. Jack Holt, Jr., June 4, 1993.
82 Lee Williams was always looking: Int. Lee Williams, May 12, 1993.
82 Virginia Clinton wrote Denise: Int. Denise Hyland, May 14, 1993.
82 “one of my happiest birthdays”: Letter to Denise Hyland, Aug. 19, 1966.
83 “I am well settled”: Letter to Edith Cassidy. Sept. 26, 1966.
84 They sorted the mail: Description of the back room boys comes from interviews with Lee Williams, May 12, 1993; Norvill Jones, May 12, 1993; Bertie Bowman, May 26, 1993; Charles Parks, June 4, 1993; Phil Dozier, June 22, 1993; and Buddy Kendrick. May 29, 1993.
84 “People dumped on our state”: Clinton tribute to Senator J. William Fulbright, Washington, D.C., May 5, 1993.
85 Soon the fissure: The description of Fulbright’s relationship with Johnson is drawn largely from Haynes Johnson and Bernard M. Gwertzman, Fulbright: The Dissenter, Lee Riley Powell, J. William Fulbright and America’s Lost Crusade; J. William Fulbright, The Arrogance of Power; and J. William Fulbright, The Price of Empire.
85 “for the war”: Int. Bill Clinton, August 6, 1992.
85 It was difficult to work: Ints. Norvill Jones, May 12, 1993, and Lee Williams, May 12, 1993.
86 Clinton and Dozier: Int. Phil Dozier, June 22, 1993.
87 If Campbell carried: Int. Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993.
87 One Saturday morning: Int. Lyda Holt, June 8, 1993, and letter to Edith Cassidy, Oct. 11, 1966.
87 “Last week Frank Holt”: Letter to Edith Cassidy, Feb. 6, 1967.
87 They headed back to school: Ints. Denise Hyland May 14, 1993, and Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993.
88 “My grades for the first semester”: Letter to Edith Cassidy, Feb. 6, 1967.
88 Matter realized: Int. David Matter, Feb. 5, 1993.
88 His obsession was so great: Int. Terry Modglin, Feb. 18, 1993.
89 “A Realistic Approach”: Copy of Clinton platform saved by Denise Hyland.
89 “He wanted to co-opt the management”: Int. Jim Moore, Feb. 2, 1993.
89 “Bill never wanted to say”. Int. Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993.
90 He struck an alliance: Int. Terry Modglin, Feb. 18, 1993.
90 Clinton’s allies worked tirelessly: Ints. Denise Hyland, March 4, 1993, and Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993.
90 “The Spirit of ’67”: The Hoya, March 16, 1967.
90 The second episode: Ints. David Matter, Feb. 5, 1967, and John Dagnon, Feb. 26, 1993.
90 The election was on a Friday: The account of this election night is based on interviews with Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993; Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993; Terry Modglin, Feb. 18, 1993; David Matter, Feb. 5, 1993; Denise Hyland, March 4, 1993; and Lyda Holt, June 8, 1993. Also The Hoya, March 13-16, 1967.
92 “Roger, your neck”: Ints. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992, July 12, 1993.
92 Bill visited Roger Clinton: Int. Denise Hyland, May 14, 1993.
92 Lyda Holt visited: Int. Lyda Holt, June 8, 1993.
92 “I know I have never”: Leading, p. 165.
92 “Daddy has been so sick”: Letter to Denise Hyland, 1967.
93 he and Tommy Caplan: Int. Tom Caplan, Oct. 3, 1994. Letter to Denise Hyland, June 1967.
93 The binge left Clinton wallowing: Letter to Denise Hyland, June 1967.
93 It was a summer of uncertainty: Letter to Denise Hyland, July 29, 1967.
94 Clinton was assigned a rather odd diversion: Int. Sharon Ann Evans, June 9, 1993. Letter to Denise Hyland, August 31, 1967.
95 He stayed that summer: Int. Jim Moore, Feb. 2, 1993.
95 Duke Watts was about to leave: Int. Duke Watts, May 6, 1993.
96 The five young men: Int. Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993. 96 Allen Ginsberg: The Hoya, Feb. 29, 1968.
96 It was an elegant affair: Ints. Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993; Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993; and Jim Moore, Feb. 2, 1993.
97 Robert Lowell’s “October and November”: Robert Lowell, Notebook 1967-68, p. 27.
97 Clinton shared the conviction: Ints. Bill Clinton, Aug. 6, 1992, and Lee Williams, May 12, 1993.
97 “To criticize one’s country”: Fulbright, J. William, Arrogance.
98 “Sometimes he’d bring a friend”: Int. David Pryor, June 29, 1993.
98 His closest friend at work: Int. Bertie Bowman, May 26, 1993.
98 His friends would plan: Int. Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993.
99 Clinton not only informed Lowe: Int. Rudiger Lowe, April 8, 1993.
99 Every morning that November: Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992.
100 “somewhere deep down inside”: Ints. Bill Clinton, Jan. 20, 1992, and Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992, July 12, 1993.
100 Roger looked pitiful: The account of Roger Clinton’s death is drawn from interviews with , June 9, 1993; Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992, and July 12, 1993. Also Leading pp. 169-70.
100 The notion that Bill Clinton: Int. Tom Campbell, Feb. 2, 1993.
101 George Butte in the Southwest: Ints George Butte, Feb. 24, 1993, and Robert Reich, April 15, 1993.
101 The interview process: Ints. Darryl Gless, March 10, 1993; Strobe Talbott, April 19, 1993 ; Mike Shea, April 6, 1993; Keith Marshall, Feb. 2, 1993; and Daniel Singer, March 5, 1993.
102 Good fortune came to Bill Clinton: Ints. Tom Ward, June 18, 1993, and Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993.
103 At the South regional: Ints. Keith Marshall, Feb. 2, 1993; Walter Pratt, April 28, 1993, and Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993.
103 Some young men: Ints. Walter Pratt, April 28, 1993; Robert Reich, April 15, 1993; and William Fletcher, Nov. 23, 1993.
104 Sobbing, he spoke lovingly: Int. Keith Marshall, Feb. 2, 1993.
104 He finally called: Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992.
104 The house on Potomac: Ints. Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993, and Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993.
104 Supper at the kitchen table: Int. Jim Moore, Feb. 2, 1993.
105 He chided Tom Campbell: Ints. Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993; Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993; and Jim Moore, Feb. 2, 1993
105 On the war in Vietnam: Ints. Jim Moore, Oct. 20, 1992, and Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993.
106 Two weeks after Tet: WP, Feb. 17, 1968, p. 1.
106 now it came up constantly: Ints. Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993; Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993; Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993; and Jim Moore, Feb. 2, 1993.
107 He often spoke of a high school friend: Int. Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993.
107 In a paper he had written: Clinton describes the paper in a letter to Colonel Holmes, Dec. 3, 1969.
107 On the first day of March: Ints. Tom Campbell, Jan. 22, 1993, and Jim Moore, Feb. 2, 1993.
108 Within two weeks: Facts on File, March 14-20, 1968.
108 “a sort of never-never-land”: Int. Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993.
108 One Sunday morning: Ints. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, Jan. 14, 1992, and June 8, 1993.
109 A few days later: Int. Phil Jamison, Feb. 21, 1993.
110 Early on morning of June 5: WP, June 6, 1968.
110 Another senior, who had just: Int. John Dagnon, Feb. 26, 1993.
110 Tommy Caplan learned the news: Int. Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993.
111 The following day: The account of the 1968 Georgetown graduation is drawn from interviews with Kit Ashby, Jan. 20. 1993; Tom Campbell, Jan. 22, 1993; Tom Caplan, Feb. 27, 1993; Dave Kammer Feb. 6, 1993; David Matter, Feb. 5, 1993; and Jim Moore, Feb. 2, 1993.
111 But one member of the class Int. Jim Moore, Feb. 2. 1993.
112 Clinton and Moore used Little Rock: Int. Jim Moore, Feb. 2, 1993.
114 Clinton went to work full time: Ints. Lee Williams, May 14, 1993, and Jim McDougal, April 23, 1993.
115 “Lately I have returned”: Letter to Denise Hyland, August 1968.
115 The Frays had known Clinton: Ints. Paul and Mary Lee Fray, April 25, 1993.
116 Late in the summer: Ints. Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993, and Sharon Ann Evans, July 13, 1993.
116 Clinton was a cool customer: Ints. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, July 12, 1993, and , July 13, 1993.
117 “From then on Sharon”: Int. Carolyn Yeldell Staley,July 12, 1993.
117 “The woman I marry”: Ibid.
117 When they reached Hot Springs: Int. Phil Jamison, Feb. 21, 1993.
118 Raymond Clinton took it upon himself: Int. Henry Britt, July 14, 1993. Los Angeles Times reporter William C. Rempel was the first to present an account of Raymond Clinton’s efforts, Sept. 2, 1992.
118 He belonged to the local chapter: Int. Henry Britt, July 14, 1993.
118 They were unlikely associates: Ints. Henry Britt, July 14, 1993, and Ray Smith, Jr., April 25, 1994.
119 Raymond paid a visit: Int. Henry Britt, July 14, 1993.
119 The first relief. Int. Henry Britt, July 14, 1993. L.A. Times, Sept. 2, 1992.
119 Britt called draft board: Ibid.
120 The draft board in Alameda: Int. Tom Williamson, April 15, 1993.
120 they strung a banner: Int. Darryl Gless, March 10, 1993.
120 Dartmouth scholar John lsaacson: Int. John Isaacson, March 5, 1993.
120 University of Iowa scholar: Int. Mike Shea, April 6, 1993.
120 Paul Parish’s mother: Int. Paul Parish, Oct. 23-25, 1993.
120 He cut a deal: Int. Willie Fletcher, Nov. 23, 1993.
120 Vanderbilt’s Walter Pratt: Int. Walter Pratt, April 28, 1993.
120 Clinton was less certain: Int. Denise Hyland, May 14, 1993. Letter to Denise Hyland, September 1968.
122 He arrived wearing a gray suit: Int. Denise Hyland, May 14, 1993.
122 She was known as “The Big U”: Kludas, Arnold, Great Passenger Ships, p. 52; S.S. United States, p. 15.
123 “Anybody know what this song?”: lnts. Keith Marshall, Feb. 2, 1992, and Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993.
123 “felt like an outsider”: Int. George Butte, Feb. 24, 1993.
123 “something of the provincial”: Int. Darryl Gless, March 10, 1993.
123 “overwhelmed by the intellectual”: Int. Robert Reich, April 15, 1993.
124 “At that age”: Int. John Isaacson, March 5, 1993.
124 Clinton was different: lnts. George Butte, Feb. 24, 1993; Darryl Gless, March 10, 1993; Strobe Talbott, April 19, 1993; Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993; and Doug Eakeley, Dec. 19, 1993.
124 The first day at sea: Int. George Butte, Feb. 24, 1993.
124 “What a relief.” Int. Robert Reich, April 15, 1993.
124 stunted by Fairbanks Disease: Int. Robert Reich, Sept. 16, 1994.
124 “you put his size aside”: Int. Tom Williamson, April 15, 1993.
124 “He was a cartoonist”: Int. John Isaacson, March 5, 1993.
125 They were quite a pair: lnts. John Isaacson, March 5, 1993, and Robert Reich, April 15, 1993.
125 Time magazine cover story: Time, June 7, 1968.
125 By the second morning: lnts. Robert Reich, April 15, 1993; George Butte, Feb. 24, 1993; Daniel Singer, March 5, 1993; and Darryl Gless, March 10,1993. Also, American Oxonian(October 1978).
126 “It’s wrong for me to be scared”: Clinton radio interview by Christopher Matthews, May 29, 1993, simulcast on KCBS Newsradio, San Francisco. 126 “A lot of us”: Int.Doug Eakeley, Dec. 19, 1993.
126 “all the boys were scared:” Int. Hannah Achtenberg, June 1, 1993.
127 Talbott was the cautious: Int. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993. Also Talbott Class Day Speech, Yale University, 1987, reprinted in Yale Alumni Magazine (Summer 1987).
127 “Reich saw nothing but forests”: Int. John Isaacson, March 5, 1993.
127 He and his best friend: Int. Derek Shearer, Jan. 5, 1994.
127 “Many of us simply”: Strobe Talbott Class Day Speech, June 1968.
128 “The whole scene was bizarre”: Int. John Isaacson, March 5, 1993.
129 “raw political talent”: lnts. Robert Reich, April 15, 1993, and Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993.
129 “Look at him!”: Int. Darryl Gless, March 10, 1993.
129 Singer lost the caravan: Int. Daniel Singer, March 5, 1993.
129 Four of them: Ints. Robert Reich, April 15, 1993, and Doug Eakeley, Dec. 19, 1993.
130 “They told me”: lnts. Robert Reich, April 15, 1993, and John Isaacson, March 5, 1993.
131 He had a sitting room: Int. Doug Eakeley, Dec. 19, 1993.
132 Every morning during his first week: lnts. Robert Reich, April 15, 1993; Doug Eakeley, December 1993; and Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993.
132 “Sore and exhilarated”: Bill Clinton interview by John Pagan, Merton College Postmaster, 1992.
132 “We were suddenly within ruins!”: Int. Robert Reich, April 15, 1993.
132 It turned out that this boast: John R. Thackrah, The University and Colleges at Oxford, pp. 67-69.
132 “I am happy if lonely”: Letter to Denise Hyland, Oct. 14, 1968.
133 America seemed very far away: lnts. Robert Reich, April 15, 1993, and John Isaacson, March 5, 1993. Also Aldon D. Bell, London Impressions, and The American Oxonian (1968).
133 “the wind that blows”: From Peter Snow, Oxford Observed, p. 10.
133 “our cities were burning”: Int. Tom Williamson, May 26, 1993.
133 “always the character”: Int. Doug Paschal, March 3, 1994.
133 The cultural gap: lnts. George Butte, Feb. 24, 1993; Tom Williamson, May 26, 1993; and John Isaacson, March 5, 1993.
134 “People were starting:” Int. Nick Browne, April 16, 1993.
134 “We knew about the barricades”: Int. Wilf Stevenson, March 29, 1993.
134 The protests at Oxford: Martin Amis, My Oxford, p. 206; Report of the Committee on Relations with Junior Members, Appendix A: Student Radicalism in Oxford, May 1969.
134 The most ferocious Oxford Union: Cherwell, Oct. 30, 1968.
135 “They assumed that because”: Int. Darryl Gless, March 10, 1993.
135 Clinton’s reaction was similar: Int. Martin Walker, Feb. 19, 1993.
135 “Got results at Rhodes House”: Telegram to J. William Fulbright, Nov. 6, 1968. Note from Fulbright to Clinton, Dec. 3, 1968. From J. William Fulbright Papers, Special Collections Division, University of Arkansas Libraries.
136 British students at Oxford: Cherwell, Oct. 23, Oct. 30, 1968.
136 “It was easy for us”: Int. Martin Walker, Feb. 19, 1993.
136 Later in his life: In the 1992 interview with John Pagan, an American who had studied at Merton College, Clinton said: “I started off studying PPE….” Merton College Postmaster, 1992.
136 He began in what was called B. Litt.: Clinton’s records at Oxford as described by his former tutor, Zbigniew Pelczynski.
137 He also changed supervisors: Int. Zbigniew Pelczynski, March 23, 1993.
138 First was the Totalitarian school: “Political Pluralism in the USSR” by William J. Clinton.
139 Oxford, he later wrote: Amis, My Oxford, p. 203.
139 Clinton lingering: Int. Doug Eakeley, Dec. 19, 1993.
140 The informal club: Int. George Cawkwell, March 24, 1993.
140 The floating seminar: Int. Maurice Shock, March 24, 1993.
140 “quite fanatically political”: Int. Doug Paschal, March 3, 1994.
140 He intimidated everyone: lnts. Wilf Stevenson, March 29, 1993; Nick Browne, April 16, 1993; and John Isaacson, March 5, 1993.
141 Clinton “wasn’t very good”: Int. Chris McCooey, April 2, 1993.
142 He was partial to the shandy: Int. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993.
142 Rick Stearns had soft spot: Int. Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993.
142 “ Oh, no thank you’”: Int. Jarnes Shellar, Feb. 26, 1994.
142 He was an actor. Int. Robert Reich, April 15, 1993.
142 “Small and twinkly”. Int. John Albery, March 25, 1993.
142 Reich and Clinton were viewed: lnts. Chris McCooey, April 2, 1993, and Wilf Stevenson, March 29, 1993.
143 They hitchhiked everywhere: Int. Mike Shea, April 6, 1993.
143 At Clinton’s suggestion: Int. Tom Williamson, April 15, 1993.
143 Clinton talked to him: Int. Darryl Gless, March 10, 1993.
144 Clinton had a fascination: Ints. Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993, and John lsaacson, March 5, 1993.
144 Clinton pondered that question: Letter to Denise Hyland, Dec. 13, 1968.
145 it had been damp and cold: Ints. Wilf Stevenson, March 29, 1993; Darryl Gless, March 10, 1993; and Daniel Singer, March 5, 1993.
145 Strobe Talbott ventured the other way: Int. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993.
146 Clinton made the longest journey: Ints. Hannah Achtenberg, June 1, 1993, and Virginia Kelley,July 12, 1993.
146 Dwire, in fact: Ints. Inez Cline, Sept. 15, 1992, and Virginia Kelley, July 12, 1993. Also Leading, p. 178.
146 “The surprise came off”: Letter to Denise Hyland, Jan. 1, 1969.
146 “I had no earthly idea”: Int. Virginia Kelley, July 12, 1993.
147 “Bill, you are still really interested”: Int. Carolyn Yaldell Staley, July 12, 1993.
147 “Thank you for having me”: Letter to Winthrop Rockefeller, Jan. 8, 1969. Winthrop Rockefeller Archives, University of Arkansas-Little Rock Library.
147 Few of the boys: Ints. David Leopoulos, June 9, 1993; Ron Cecil, Jan. 3, 1994; Herman Thomas, May 3, 1993; A. B. Jeffries, May 3, 1993; and Duke Watts, May 6, 1993.
149 “Looks like I will finish”: Letter to Denise Hyland, Jan. 1, 1969.
149 On January 13: Letter to Denise Hyland, Jan. 27, 1969.
150 For Frank Aller: Ints. Hannah Achtenberg, June 1, 1993; Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993; and Brooke Shearer, July 1, 1993.
150 “I believe there are times”: Quoted in NYT Magazine, Nov. 22, 1992, by Alessandra Stanley.
150 “When I decided to refuse”: Letter to Brooke Shearer, Nov. 3, 1970.
150 His friends held a party: Ints. Willie Fletcher, Nov. 23, 1993; Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993; Hannah Achtenberg, June 1, 1993; and John lsaacson, March 5, 1993.
151 “I remember it was drizzling”:American Oxonian (October 1978).
151 “We all knew how”: Int. Daniel Singer, March 5, 1993.
151 “there was very much the feeling”: Int. Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993.
151 “All of us”: Int. Willie Fletcher, Nov. 23, 1993.
152 he “failed to fail”: Int. Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993.
152 Butte even got permission: Int. George Butte, Feb. 24, 1993.
152 But every local board: Ints. Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993, and Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993.
152 Late at night: Int. Paul Parish, Oct. 25, 1993.
153 at Oxford she began rebelling. Int. Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993.
153 “by how well they all spoke”: Bill Clinton interview by John Pagan, Merton College Postmaster, 1992.
153 “It was a very good way”: Int. Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993.
153 They often discussed books: Ints. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993; Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993; and Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993.
153 “a very enthusiastic dancer”: Int. Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993.
154 Cannabis was “incredibly easy”: Cherwell, Jan. 29, 1969.
154 “We would scramble it”: Int. Martin Walker, Feb. 19, 1993.
154 blacked out on the way: Int. Paul Parish, Sept. 6, 1994.
154 “We spent enormous amounts of time”: Int. Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993. (Clinton’s marijuana use at Oxford became an issue during the 1992 presidential campaign largely because of the way he acknowledged it after previously refusing to answer questions about drug use or answering in technically correct but elusive ways. On March 29, 1992, in a debate at WCBS-TV in New York, Clinton said: “I’ve never broken any state laws and when I was in England I experimented with marijuana a time or two and I didn’t like it. And I didn’t inhale and I didn’t try it again.” Typical of his answers before that was one he gave to Fox television on March 2, 1992: “I said I’ve never violated the drug laws of our country, and I haven’t.”) 154 “He was technically correct”: Int. Martin Walker, Feb. 19, 1993.
154 “this delightful, cheery”: Int. Charlene Prickelt, June 24, 1993.
155 Jackson knew Clinton: Int. Cliff Jackson, June 7, 1993.
155 “I was toddling to the train station”: Int. Charlene Prickelt, June 24, 1993.
155 All three British women: Int. Charlene Prickelt, June 24, 1993.
155 Waugh was in a singular position: Int. Jim Waugh, June 25, 1993.
155 Jackson had sailed: Int. Cliff Jackson, June 7, 1993.
156 “I am an ambitious person”: Letter to Leslie Campbell, May 8, 1969.
156 Those were the questions: Int. Cliff Jackson, June 7, 1993.
156 When Jackson got back to Oxford: Int. Cliff Jackson, June 7, 1993.
156 “Cliff had a personality”: Int. Jim Waugh, June 25, 1993.
157 Waugh spent many evenings: Int. Jim Waugh, June 25, 1993.
157 “I was scared and anxious”: Int. Cliff Jackson, June 7, 1993, Nov. 1, 1993.
158 “over a hundred politically inspired”: Gitlin, The Sixties, p. 342.
158 “I was naive”: Int. Darryl Gless, March 10, 1993.
159 Clinton would open: Int. Strobe Talbott, April 19, 1993.
159 “an end in itself”: Ronald Steel, Pax Americana, p. 13.
159 “What we need”: Ibid., p. 353.
159 Another scholar at Oxford; Int. Rick Stearns. March 4, 1993.
160 When the middle term at Oxford ended: Ints. Rick Slearns, March 4, 1993, and Rudiger Lowe, April 23, 1993.
160 “Have been in Bavaria”: Poslcard to Denise Hyland, March 27, 1969.
160 He had been speed-skating: Int. Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993.
161 Then the tempestuous relationship: Int. Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993- (Markesun declined interview requests.)
161 Clinton headed north: Int. Rudiger Lowe, April 23, 1993.
161 She landed at Heathrow: Int. Sharon Ann Evans, July 13, 1993.
161 They spent the first five days: Ibid. Also, Clinton calendar of ten-day Evans trip.
162 “Times are getting tough”: Letter to Denise Hyland, April 7, 1969.
162 “My friends just don’t understand”: Int. Sharon Ann Evans, July 13, 1993.
163 “I heard about Bert just yesterday”: Letter to A. B. Jeffries, April 10, 1969.
163 Bert had lived a different life: Int. A. B. Jeffries, May 3, 1993.
163 At just after ten: U.S. Marine Corps Western Union Telegram, received by A. B. Jeffries March 24, 1969. Also letter to Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Jeffries from USMC Lt. D. T. Stevens.
163 “The thing about Vietnam”: Int. Duke Watts, May 6, 1993.
164 The tutor Clinton thought so much of: Int. Zbigniew Pelczynski, March 23, 1993.
164 One week his reading list: Int. Denise Hyland, July 12, 1993.
164 They had toured Manhattan: Willie Morris, New York Days, pp. 137-38.
164 he had asked five people: Int. Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993.
164 Sir Edgar took delight: Int. Edgar Williams, March 23, 1993.
164 “The Rhodent”: Ints. Mike Shea, April 6, 1993; Willie Fletcher, Nov. 23, 1993, and Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993.
165 “explaining what it was”: Int. Edgar Williams, March 23, 1993.
165 Clinton spent days: Ints. Paul Parish, Oct. 25, 1993, Sept. 5, 1994.
165 It was a glorious spring: Ints. Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993, and Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993.
165 Clinton would fail to mention: In the early days of his presidential campaign, Clinton omitted mention of the draft notice in interviews with several journalists writing about candidates and the Vietnam War. They included David Kern, Arkansas Democrat, Oct. 28, 1991, and Dan Balz, WP, Dec. 16, 1991. The first story raising serious questions about Clinton’s version of events was by Jeff Birnbaum of the Wall Street Journal, Feb. 6, 1992.
165 He called his mother and stepfather: Int. Betsey Wright, Nov. 4, 1993. (In the 1992 presidential campaign, Betsey Wright, at Clinton’s request, examined his private documents related to his draft situation. Wright said her examination revealed that Clinton called his stepfather, Jeff Dwire, who was in contact with the draft board secretary, Opal Ellis.)
165 A study by the Scientific Manpower Commission: New York Times (cited hereafter as NYT), May 20, 1969, p. 6.
166 “You may have heard”: Letter to Denise Hyland, Spring 1969.
166 “I really hate”: Cliff Jackson letter to mother, May 7, 1969.
166 Paul Parish carried one image: Int. Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993.
167 a leatherbound diary: Int. Denise Hyland, March 4, 1993.
167 “The diary you gave me”: Letter to Denise Hyland, May 1969.
167 “I do hope you are finding”: Int. Denise Hyland,July 12, 1993.
168 “Maintaining viability”: Int. Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993.
168 “completely inconsistent”: Int. Strobe Talbott, April 19, 1993.
168 “Clinton and Talbott wanted to solve”: Int. Daniel Singer, March 5, 1993.
168 In telephone conversations: Ints. Betsey Wright, Nov. 4, 1993; John Spotila, Jan. 12, 1994; and Paul Fray, April 25, 1994.
168 As Jackson later recollected: Int. Cliff Jackson, June 7, 1993.
168 “I got a letter from Bill Clinton”: Cliff Jackson letter, May 27, 1969.
169 “I was ambivalent”: Int. Cliff Jackson, June 7, 1993.
169 “thought he was going”: Quoted by Associated Press, February 1992.
169 Clinton’s friends bade farewell: Ints. Doug Eakeley, Dec. 19, 1993; Darryl Gless, March 10, 1993; Rudiger Lowe, April 8, 1993; and Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993.
170 When Clinton arrived in America: Int. Denise Hyland, July 12, 1993.
170 “All the light is out”: Letter to Denise Hyland, July 2, 1969.
170 On his way to Arkansas: Int. Rick Stearns, Dec. 12, 1993.
170 “They came to us in droves”: Int. Lee Williams, May 12, 1993.
171 The scene awaiting Clinton: Int. Sharon Ann Evans, July 13, 1993.
171 “Bill and Jeff”: Int. Virginia Kelley, July 12, 1993.
172 “ ‘I could do this’”: Int. Paul Parish, Oct. 25, 1993.
172 “I am home now”: Letter to Denise Hyland, July 8, 1969.
172 “I was just under the maximum size”: Clinton interview with Dan Balz, Dec. 16, 1991.
172 On July 10: Int. Cliff Jackson, June 7, 1993. Also, Jackson letter, July 11, 1969.
173 Jackson asked his boss: Int. Cliff Jackson, June 7, 1993. Also Arkansas Democrat, Sept. 17, 1992, p. 13.
173 “We were used to guys:” Int. Ed Howard, July 19, 1993.
173 His papers indicate: J. William Fulbright Papers, Special Collections Division, University of Arkansas Libraries.
174 He met with Colonel Holmes: Holmes statement, Sept. 17, 1992.
174 “On the 17th”: Letter to Denise Hyland, July 20, 1969.
175 Now that he was protected. AP account of letter to Tamara Kennerley, Aug. 15, 1969.
175 Clinton drove to Houston: Ints. Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993, and Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993.
175 Strobe Talbott traveled to Arkansas: Int. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993.
176 His “gimpy knee”: Time, April 6, 1992.
176 And so it was: Ints. Boisfeuillet Jones and Robert Reich, Sept. 16, 1994; John Isaacson, March 5, 1993; and Doug Eakeley, Dec. 19, 1993. Statistics from Vietnam Draft Almanac.
177 The extent to which: DOD-Gorham study on ROTC, Senate Judiciary Committee, Fall 1969.
177 Mike Shea spent his first year: Int. Mike Shea, April 6, 1993.
178 “in direct proportion”: Int. Tom Ward, June 18, 1993.
178 In mid-August: Int. Rick Stearns, Dec. 12, 1993.
178 He was on the outer edge: Int. David Mixner, Jan. 31, 1994.
179 “therapy for a sick man”: Letter to Rick Stearns, Aug. 20, 1969.
179 “Bill was a lot more revealing”: Int. Rick Stearns, Dec. 12, 1993.
179 “I am home now”: Letter to Rick Stearns, Aug. 20, 1969.
179 Stearns called Clinton: Int. Rick Stearns, Dec. 12, 1969.
179 “My mind is every day”: Letter to Rick Stearns, Sept. 9, 1969.
180 Clinton stayed up all night: Recounted in Clinton letter to Colonel Holmes, Dec. 3, 1969.
180 “a month or two”: Holmes statement, Sept. 17, 1992.
180 “I know I promised”: Clinton letter to Colonel Holmes, Dec. 3. 1969.
180 “A lot of people”: Int. Ed Howard, July 19, 1993.
181 Cliff Jackson was among: Int. Cliff Jackson, June 7, 1993. Also, Jackson letters, Aug. 27, and Sept. 14, 1969.
181 a scrappy little fellow: Ints. Jim French, April 14, 1993, and Bill High, April 24, 1994.
181 “Mike was in a fraternity”: Int. Herman Thomas, May 3, 1993.
181 His platoon loved Mike Thomas: Int. Greg Schlieve, May 3, 1993.
182 In Saigon that morning: WP and NYT, Sept. 15, 1969, both p. 1.
182 Lieutenant Thomas put on his pack: Ints. Herman Thomas, May 3, 1993, and Greg Schlieve, May 3, 1993, drawn from unit history records.
182 The Army posthumously: Letter to Herman Thomas from Maj. Gen. E. B. Roberts, Department of the Army, Nov. 24, 1969.
182 took other casualties as well: Ints. Herman Thomas, May 3, 1969, and Greg Schlieve, May 3, 1969.
183 Clinton and Stearns were there: Int. Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993.
183 “The Executive Committee”: Int. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993.
184 Mixner confided to Clinton: Int. David Mixner, Jan. 31, 1994.
185 Rick Stearns rented a spacious: Ints. Rick Stearns, March 4 and Dec. 12, 1993.
185 When the American Oxonian: American Oxonian (Fall 1969).
185 “I was under the impression”: Int. Zbigniew Pelczynski, March 23, 1993.
186 a fullblown antiwar organizer: Ints. David Mixner, Jan. 31, 1994, and Randall Scott, June 30, 1993.
186 “My friend said”: nt. Steve Engstrom, May 14, 199.3.
187 A Gallup Poll: WP, Oct. 5, 1969, p. 21.
187 a broad range of support: WP, Oct. 4, p. 1; Oct. 8, p. 3; Oct. 10, p. 1.
187 “And I can express”: Randall Scott letter, Oct. 19, 1969.
187 “Mr. Newman Supports Students”: The Guardian, Oct. 16, 1969, p. 3.
187 “soulmates in opposition”: Int. Tom Williamson, May 26, 1993.
188 On the eve of the demonstration: Ints. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993, and Steve Cohen, May 11, 1993. Ayers confrontation reported in WP, Nov. 18, 1969, p. 1: “Weathermen Accused of Shakedown,” by Aaron Latham.
188 The day of the Mobe: WP, Nov. 16, p. 1.
188 In London that day: Ints. Rick Stearns, Dec. 12, 1993: Tom Williamson, May 26, 1993; and Father Richard McSorley, Nov. 17, 1993.
189 “After my prayer”: McSorley, Peace Eyes, p. 22.
189 After the service: Ints. Richard McSorley, Nov. 17, 1993, and Richard Stearns, Dec. 12, 1993.
189 among the Rhodes Scholars who came: Ints. Willie Fletcher, and J. Michael Kirchberg, Nov. 23, 1993. Also, The Guardian, Oct. 16, 1969. (Michael Boskin, interviewed Dec. 18, 1993, said that although the Guardian article identified him among a group of American students trying to close the American Embassy, he was not an antiwar protester. He explained: “My sole recollection of it was there were a lot of Americans arguing different points of view. The London police asked us not to flow into the streets so much from where the discussion was. I and a number of other people started shepherding people back onto the sidewalk. A reporter came up and asked me what was going on. I tried to explain the debate.”)
190 His draft records: Draft records, Garland County Draft Board.
190 His answer was largely accepted: “Ex-officer Accuses Clinton; It’s Baseless, Official Says,” Arkansas Gazette, Oct. 28, 1978.
191 the only letter Clinton wrote Holmes: Clinton letter to Colonel Holmes, Dec. 3, 1969.
191 “I expected to be called”: Bill Clinton interview with Dan BaIz, Dec. 16, 1991.
192 The best estimate of when: Int. Randall Scott, June 30, 1993.
193 “I didn’t see, in the end”: Letter to Colonel Holmes, Dec. 3, 1969.
193 This became possible because: NYT, Oct. 2, 1969: “Nixon Eases Rule on Draft.”
193 In the weeks before: Sept. 14 front-page stories in NYT, WP, and Arkansas Gazette cited sources saying the draft would be cut. The NYT article began: “The Nixon Administration is considering a series of major reforms in the military draft intended to defuse domestic political opposition to the war in Vietnam.”
194 “I didn’t know anything about any lottery”: Bill Clinton interview with Dan Balz, Dec. 16, 1991. (The lottery was headline news during that period. Lead headline in WP, Sept. 20, 1969: “Nixon Trims Draft, Presses for Lottery.”)
194 they both loved Dylan Thomas: Ints. Rick Stearns, March 4 and Dec. 12, 1993.
195 “that you and I are queer”: Letter to Rick Stearns, Nov. 19, 1969.
196 “He basically said that”: Ints. Rick Stearns, March 4 and Dec. 12, 1993.
196 He had been invited. Int. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993. 196 “particularly shambolic”: Int. Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993.
196 “graduate student bohemian”: Int. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993.
197 She and Talbott rode bicycles: Int. Brooke Shearer, July 1, 1993.
197 “Frank and Bill shared”: Time, April 6, 1992.
197 “I may never pick up a parchment”: Letter to Denise Hyland, Nov. 27, 1969.
198 The first draft lottery: The account of the lottery is drawn from WP, Dec. 1-2, 1969; Boston Globe, Dec. 2, 1969; and Vietnam War Almanac, 1988.
198 “It was just a fluke”: Bill Clinton interview with Dan Balz, Dec. 16, 1991.
199 “I am sorry to be so long”: Letter to Colonel Holmes, Dec. 3, 1969. The letter resurfaced twenty-three years later when ABC News obtained a copy while Clinton was campaigning in the 1992 New Hampshire presidential primary. ABC producer Mark Halperin, working with correspondent James Wooten, showed the letter to Clinton aides at the Nashua, New Hampshire, airport on Feb. 10 and requested an interview with the candidate. After reading the letter, consultant James Carville said, “This letter exonerates us. We want to publish this god damn thing in the [Manchester] Union-Leader tomorrow!”
204 “The letter was the talk”: Int. Ed Howard, July 19, 1993.
204 A dissident file was kept: Ibid.
204 Holmes’s reactions fluctuated: Arkansas Gazette, Oct. 28, 1978; Arkansas Democrat, Oct. 29, 1991; Wall Street Journal, Feb. 6, 1992; and Holmes statement, Sept. 16, 1992.
205 “full of rhetoric”: Int. David Tell, Dec. 13, 1993.
205 “At no time”: Holmes statement, Sept. 16, 1992.
205 not above enrolling law students: Int. Ed Howard, July 19, 1993.
206 “a modern version of the old”: Int. Edgar Williams, March 23, 1993.
206 Not a nobleman’s holiday: Ints. Richard McSorley, Nov. 17, 1993; Richard Shullaw, Feb. 2, 1993; Charlie Daniels, June 29, 1993; Rudiger Lowe, April 23, 1993; and Jirina Kopoldova, June 1993.
206 As he was ambling down: Int. Richard McSorley, Nov. 17, 1993.
207 It was from McSorley’s account: In early October 1992, in the final month of the presidential campaign, a group of Republican congressmen led by Robert K. Dornan of California gave nightly “special order” speeches on the House floor, televised by C-Span, which questioned Clinton’s Moscow trip. Dornan said that Clinton rode a “peace train” and, though he had no evidence, suggested Soviet agents were involved in arranging the trip. This sinister scenario caught the attention of George Bush, who asked his negative research team to investigate. David Tell, the head of Bush’s research team, said he interviewed Dornan and listened to his “free associative lecture on the Peace Train,” but found that it was riddled with suppositions and “factual inconsistencies.”
208 James Durham was another: Int. James Durham, July 1, 1993.
208 Over the years: Ibid.
209 Again he had no schedule: Int. Richard Shullaw, Feb. 2, 1993.
209 “I have found the world’s winter”: Postcard to Denise Hyland, Dec. 24, 1993.
209 “Pelle did not care for Bill”: Int. Richard Shullaw, Feb. 2, 1993.
209 One was H. Ross Perot: NYT, Jan. 1, 1970, “Soviet Denies Perot a Visa to Send Gifts.”
210 “Upon entering Russia”: Daily Journal of Charlie Daniels.
210 Their view of the Soviet Union: Int. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993.
211 He had one friend: Int. Tom Williamson, May 26, 1993.
211 Daniels was in Moscow: The account of Daniels’s trip to Moscow with Henry Fors and Carl McAfee is drawn from interview with Charlie Daniels, June 29, 1993. Also Daniels’s daily journal of the trip.
212 “You wonder why Bill”: Int. Charlie Daniels, June 29, 1993.
213 Senator Eugene McCarthy arrived: NYT, Jan. 7, 1970.
213 “That figures!”: Daniels’s daily journal.
213 “We were all very moved”: Int. John Albery, March 25, 1993.
213 “My friend Bill Clinton”: Jan Kopold letter to his parents, December 1969.
214 Clinton stayed with the Kopolds: The account of Clinton’s stay in Prague is based on interviews with Jirina Kopoldova and Bedrich Kopold, May 1993, and letters from Jan Kopold and Bill Clinton to the Kopold family. Also on the description of the apartment complex in Strana magazine, pp. 46-48.
215 “I still have a picture”: Int. Rudiger Lowe, April 23, 1993.
215 The first telephone call: Int. Charlie Daniels, June 29, 1993.
215 “I would like to take”: Letter from Virginia Dwire, Jan. 22, 1970.
216 with his baggy tweed jackets: Ints. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993; Brooke Shearer, July 1, 1993; and Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993.
216 Frank Aller counterbalanced: Ints. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993; J. Michael Kirchberg, Nov. 23, 1993; and Willie Fletcher, Nov. 23, 1993.
216 “looked like a lumberjack”: Int. Brooke Shearer, July 1, 1993.
217 “old and heavy-lidded”: Int. Mandy Merck, May 14, 1993.
217 “Frank was describing the effect”: Int. Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993.
217 “As you know”: Int. Tom Campbell, Feb. 3, 1993.
218 “Senator Clinton will see you”: Int. Mandy Merck, May 14, 1993.
218 “Politics gives guys so much power”: Ibid.
218 “Five of us were in the game”. Ibid.
218 The highlight of her lecture: Ints. Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993; Mandy Merck, May 14, 1993; and Rick Stearns, Dec. 12, 1993.
219 “I thought I was going”: Int. Mandy Merck, May 14, 1993.
219 Mixner was gay: Int. David Mixner, Jan. 31, 1994.
220 The breakup of the relationship: Ints. Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993, and Sara Maitland, May 11, 1993.
220 When the Hilary term ended: Int. Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993, Dec. 12, 1993.
220 Waiting to see them: The account of Clinton’s trip to Spain is based on interviews with Lyda Holt, June 8, 1993; Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993; Peggy Freeman, June 4, 1993; and Jack Holt, Jr., June 4, 1993.
222 Leopoulos was always hungering: Int. David Leopoulos, June 9, 1993.
222 He attended special cram courses: Ints. Maurice Shock, March 24, 1993, and Alan Ryan, Dec. 14, 1993.
223 “I didn’t take any kind”: Int. Maurice Shock, March 24, 1993.
223 “If you were an American”: Int. Edgar Williams, March 23, 1993.
223 In the end: Ints. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993; Doug Eakeley, Dec. 19, 1993; and Paul Parish, Oct. 23, 1993.
224 he drove to Springfield: Ints. Amy and Kit Ashby, June 19, 1993.
226 One of the candidates: Ints. Joseph Duffey, Feb. 7, 1994, and Anne Wexler, May 11, 1993.
227 They had worked together: Ints. Tony Podesta, May 5 and May 10, 1993, and Carl Wagner, June 28, 1993.
227 “he had a baby face”. Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992.
227 Many from the Pursestrings contingent: Int. Tony Podesta, May 5, 1993.
228 “Bill Clinton was an unusual choice”: Ibid
229 “Oh, my God!”: Int. Mickey Donenfeld, May 13, 1993.
229 “one of the few Yalies”. Int. Irv Stolberg, May 12, 1993.
229 “I was told the new guy”: Int. Chuca Meyer, May 12, 1993.
229 “He’d come over”: Int. Mickey Donenfeld, May 13, 1993.
230 Wexler realized: Int. Anne Wexler, May 11, 1993.
230 “We had a lot of students”: Int. Joseph Duffey, Feb. 7, 1994.
231 with his adaptability: Int. Anne Wexler, May 11, 1993.
231 “could never bridge the gap”: Int. John Spotila, Jan. 12,1994.
231 The irony here: Int. Joseph Duffey, Feb. 7, 1994. Also Eric Rennie, From a Campaign Album, 1973.
231 “but we couldn’t get”: Int. Larry Kudlow, May 13, 1993.
231 When one critic: Rennie, From a Campaign album.
232 The Duffey crew worked hard: Ints. Joseph Duffey, Feb. 7, 1994; Anne Wexler, May 11, 1993; Judi Gold, June 23, 1993; and Tony Podesta, May 10, 1993.
232 “It is always tempting”: Rennie, From a Campaign Album.
233 Once during the campaign: Int. Anne Wexler, May 11, 1993. 233 “Hi, I’m BillRogue Clinton”: Int. Nancy Bekavac, June 29, 1993.
233 “as nonchalant about it”. Int. Bill Coleman, May 29, 1993.
234 “He was very quick”: Int. Don Pogue, June 2, 1993.
234 entered Yale law in 1968: Int. Steve Cohen, Feb. 3,1994.
234 “In exams the concern”: Int. Robert Borosage, Jan. 10, 1994.
234 “He never went to class”: Int. James Blair, July 15, 1993.
234 He was “flabbergasted”: Int. Don Pogue, June 2, 1993.
236 It is hardly surprising: Ibid.
237 In the law school corridor: Int. Robert Borosage, Jan. 10, 1994.
237 Bands of students: Int. Don Pogue, June 2, 1993.
237 Clinton moved easily: Int. Bill Coleman, May 29, 1993.
238 “Oh, you poor bastard”: Int. Nancy Bekavac, June 29, 1993.
239 “Politics… was a natural part”: Int. Bill Coleman, May 29, 1993.
239 “If you scratched the surface”: Int. David Schulte, Jan. 27, 1994.
239 “About the White House”: Letter to Cliff Jackson, Nov. 17, 1971.
240 Clinton thrived on what politics: Int. Nancy Bekavac, June 29, 1993.
240 His living quarters: The account of the Fort Trumbull beach house is based on interviews with Doug Eakeley, Dec. 19, 1993; Bill Coleman, May 29, 1993; Don Pogue, June 2, 1993; Nancy Bekavac, June 29, 1993; and Robert Reich, April 15, 1993.
242 “New Haven is the vile crotch”: American Oxonian (Spring 1971). Also int. Robert Reich, Sept. 16, 1994.
242 “Robert Reich is now less confident”: Time, May 17, 1971, “Class of 1968 Revisited.”
243 The Rhodes Scholars had scattered: American Oxonian (Spring 1971 ).
243 Aller went to Spain: Ints. Strobe Talbott, June 2, 1993, and Brooke Shearer, July 1, 1993. Also letter to Brooke Shearer, Nov. 3, 1971, and a richly textured article on Aller’s final troubled years in NYT Magazine, Nov. 22, 1992, by Alessandra Stanley.
244 Clinton went out to California: Ints. Brooke Shearer, July 1, 1993, and Derek Shearer, Jan. 5, 1994.
246 “Bill, this is Hillary”: Int. Robert Reich, Sept. 16, 1994.
246 Struggling to hold Clinton’s: Int. Jeff Glekel, Sept. 21,1994.
247 On their first outing: ART news (September 1994), p. 141.
247 It took a little time: Int. Don Pogue, June 2, 1993.
247 “He cared deeply”: Int. Hillary Clinton, Jan. 16, 1992, (Hillary Clinton declined inter-view requests for this book, but was interviewed by the author during the 1992 presidential campaign. )
247 “They were funny together”: Int. Don Pogue, June 2, 1993.
247 “Come off it, Bill!”: Int. Doug Eakeley, Dec. 19, 1993.
248 Emerson kept private numerical grades: The Nation, Nov. 2, 1992, Andrew L. Shapiro.
248 “Clinton had the charm”: Int. Steve Cohen, Feb. 3, 1994.
248 “The story of what”: Int. Carolyn Ellis, Jan. 28, 1994.
248 “mainstream, conscientious”: Int. Greg Craig, Jan. 27, 1994.
248 She kept her hair long: Int. Carolyn Ellis, Jan. 28, 1994.
249 Rodham served as a commentator: Ints. James Blumstein, June 22, 1993, and Jack Petranker, Feb. 7, 1994. (“Jamestown 70” inspired an article in Playboy, April 1972, headlined “Taking Over Vermont—get 225,000 counterculturalists to settle in the green mountain state and exercise their franchise—and you’ve begun a unique social experiment.”)
249 “You couldn’t get away with that”: Int. Rick Ricketts, June 22, 1993.
249 Dorothy Rodham often told: A First Lady, p. 35.
250 when one marriage disIntegrated: Int. Rick Ricketts, June 22, 1993.
251 “conservative but not paranoid”: Int. Hillary ClInton, Jan. 16, 1992.
251 “a much more Intellectual view”: Int. Sherry Heiden, March 16, 1993.
251 “We’d get our Weekly Reader”. Int. Rick Ricketts, June 22, 1993.
251 He considered himself a liberal realist: The account of Don Jones is based on Interviews with Don Jones, April 14, 1993 and May 17, 1993, and with Rick Ricketts, June 22, 1993, and Sherry Heiden, March 16, 1993.
253 The most overt case for Hillary: R. E. Levin, Inside Story, p. 15; Rodham, A First Lady, p. 42. Also NYT, Feb. 18, 1994, Maureen Dowd.
254 “let’s-keep-it-clean”: Letter to Don Jones, May 17, 1964.
254 Hugh Rodham did not spoil: Ints. Hillary ClInton, Jan. 16, 1992, and Rick Ricketts, June 22, 1993. Also WP, Jan. 11, 1993: “The Education of Hillary ClInton,” Martha Sherrill.
254 Hillary kept up a running: Int. Rick Ricketts, June 22, 1993.
255 “a clean slate”: Int. Geoffrey Shields, Feb. 23, 1994.
255 “See how liberal I’m becoming”: Letter to Don Jones.
256 “We saw everything”: Int. Betsy Johnson Ebeling, Sept. 27, 1994.
256 “try out different personalities”: Letter to Don Jones. Int. Don Jones, May 17, 1993.
256 “personally pretty conservative”: Int. Geoffrey Shields, Feb. 23, 1994.
257 “You can’t accomplish anything”: Ibid.
257 “started out thinking”: Int. Alan Schechter, Sept. 8, 1994.
257 “someone can be a Burkean realist”: Int. Don Jones, May 17, 1993.
257 reluctantly acquiesced: A First Lady, p. 79.
257 Adams described her: Transcript of Adams’s Introduction, Wellesley College files.
258 “I find myself in a familiar position”: Transcript of “Remarks of Hillary D. Rodham, President of the Wellesley College Government Association and member of the Class of 1969, on the occasion of Wellesley’s 91st Commencement, May 31, 1969.”
259 “She said it had been hard”. Int. Geoffrey Shields, Feb. 23, 1994.
259 21 Edgewood Avenue: Ints. Greg Craig, Jan. 27, 1994, and Carolyn Ellis, Jan. 28, 1994.
259 “I am trying to at least”: Letter to Denise Hyland, Fall 1971.
259 eating breakfast at the Blue Bell: NYT Magazine, Nov. 22, 1992.
259 The call was from Brooke Shearer: Ints. Brooke Shearer, July 1, 1993, and Strobe Talbott june 2, 1993.
260 They all had their own perspectives: Ints. Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993; John lsaacson, March 5, 1993; Brooke Shearer, July 1, 1993; Mike Shea, April 6, 1993; and Willie Fletcher, Nov. 23, 1993.
261 “His politics are probably closer”: Letter to Cliff Jackson, Nov. 17, 1971.
262 “As to the ‘disturbing undercurrents’ ”: Letter to Cliff Jackson, December 1971.
262 “the pluralist model”: Int. Greg Craig, Jan. 27, 1994.
263 there was a Prize Trial: The account of Rodham and ClInton’s performance at the Prize Trial is based on Interviews with Robert and Sarah Alsdorf, April 7, 1993; Mike Con-way, April 1, 1993; Elliot Brown, April 1, 1993; Mark Klugheit, April 1, 1993; and Nancy Bekavac, June 29, 1993.
265 “You said you were sending”: Ints. Billie Carr, Dec. 15, 1992, Feb. 16, 1994.
265 which was how Hart wanted it: Int. Gary Hart, March 1993.
265 Despite the admonition: Ints. Robert Hauge, Dec. 8, 1992; Sissy Farenthold, February 24, 1993; and Billie Carr, Feb. 16, 1994.
266 At a reunion of Duffey workers: Ints. Anne Wexler, May 11, 1993, and Tony Podesta, May 10, 1993.
266 Stearns had sent ClInton: Ints. Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993; Steve Smith, July 15, 1993; Don O’Brien, Dec. 16, 1992; and Gary Hart, March 1993.
266 Taylor Branch brought his own share: Ints. Taylor Branch, Jan. 11, 1992, Feb. 28, 1993, and Feb. 14, 1994.
268 The McGovern headquarters: Ints. Joyce Sampson, Jan. 10, 1993; Lisa Hazel, Jan. 8, 1993; and Nancy Williams jan. 7, 1993.
268 from a hippie commune: Int. Mark Blumenthal, Jan. 9, 1993.
269 Branch took finances: Int. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993.
269 The Texans viewed the newcomers: Ints. Mark Blumenthal, Jan. 9, 1993; Lisa Rogers, Jan. 9, 1993; Carrin Patman, Jan. 5, 1993; and Anne McAfee, Dec. 19, 1992. 269 “good cop-bad cop routine”: Int. Billie Carr, Dec. 15, 1992.
269 “Who’s Linda Ronstadt”: Int. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993.
270 One of his first acts: McGovern archive at Seeley G. Mudd Manuscripts Center at Princeton University. In his return telegram, LBJ wrote: “Have just returned home from hospital. Thank you for your wire and your concern. Will be delighted to see you and senator Eagleton at any time convenient to you.”
270 Clinton and Branch helped the national staff: Ints. Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993, and Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993.
270 sometimes with disdain: The LBJ Library file on McGovern campaign shows Johnson’s annotations to a McGovern fundraising letter. One sentence in the letter begins: “In having stubbornly pursued an unpopular, unjust war in Vietnam for nearly ten years….” Johnson scrawled the words “yes” over “unpopular” and “no” over “unjust.”
271 greatly disappoInted ClInton and Branch: Int. Taylor Branch, Feb. 27, 1993.
271 “a great man”: Arkansas Democrat, Sept. 27, 1977.
271 One week before the meeting: LBJ Library. Statement was released Aug. 16, 1972. One paragraph in the statement read: “It is no secret that Senator McGovern and I have widely differing opinions on many matters, especially foreign policy. Impelled by his conscience, Senator McGovern has not refrained from criticizing policies of mine with which he has disagreed. Neither shall I refrain from stating my disagreements with any positions of his if and when I believe, in my own conscience, that the public Interest, as I see it, demands such action.”
271 The day after the announcement: Memo to LBJ from aide Joan Kennedy, LBJ Library.
271 The boisterous crowd: Austin American-Statesman, Aug. 22, 1972: “McGovern Cheered by Huge Crowd,” p. 1.
272 McGovern was startled: The account of the meeting with LBJ is drawn from an Interview with George McGovern, March 10, 1994.
273 “a donnybrook of a family feud”: Dallas Times Herald, Aug. 27, 1972, Ernest Stromberger.
273 to express their “ill feeling”: Austin American-Statesman, Aug. 23, 1972.
273 It is clear from a series of letters: Letters from McGovern to Barrientos and Bullock are part of the McGovern Archive at Seeley G. Mudd Manuscripts Center, Princeton University.
274 “Bullshit—we’re Democrats”: Int. Bob Armstrong, Jan. 6, 1992.
274 “a damn good IRS audit”: Int. John C. White, March 10, 1994.
274 “I cannot see a win here”: Ibid.
274 “you had to be an optimist”: Int. Gary Hart, Dec. 17, 1992.
274 “He had this bootleg cellar”: Int. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993.
275 “politics as “an art form”: Int. John C. White, March 10, 1993.
275 “They were right out front”: Ibid.
275 “I’m taking some sick leave”: Int. Bob Armstrong, Jan. 6, 1992.
275 He shared Clinton’s political obsession: Int. Garry Mauro, Dec. 16, 1992.
275 Wright lived two blocks: Int. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15, 1993.
276 “our moral pulse”: Int. Lisa Rogers, Jan. 9, 1993.
276 Many of the women: Ints. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15, 1993; Lisa Hazel, Jan. 8, 1993; Lisa Rogers, Jan. 9, 1993; and Ruth Fischer Jan. 10, 1993.
276 There “was dope around”: Int. Lisa Rogers, Jan. 9, 1993.
276 “Stories of who slept”: Int. Bebe Champ, Jan. 10, 1993.
276 “women were very attracted”: Int. John C. White, March 10, 1994.
276 “Where’s Hillary?”: Int. Ruth Fischer Jan. 10, 1993.
276 “in awe of young women”: Int. Joyce Sampson, Jan. 10, 1993.
277 aloof but Intelligent: Int. Mark Blumenthal Jan. 9, 1993.
277 “not particularly warm”: Int. Bebe Champ, Jan. 10, 1993.
277 “like a little sister”: Int. Ruth Fischer Jan. 10, 1993.
277 Taylor Branch welcomed Rodham’s: Int. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993.
277 The two women would sit: Int. Betsey Wright. Feb. 15, 1993.
277 It was not at all certain: Ints. Ruth Fischer, Jan. 10, 1993, and Roy Spence, Feb. 8, 1993.
277 The public lack of Interest: Int. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993.
278 When the Texas staff: The account of the McGovern campaign debate over the Connally fundraiser and rice-and-beans rally is based on Interviews with Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993; Tony Podesta, May 10, 1993; Gary Hart, March 1993; John C. White, March 10, 1994; and Bob Armstrong, Jan. 6, 1993.
279 A few miles away: Ann Crawford and Jack Keever, Portrait in Power, p. 362. Also Austin American-Statesman, Sept. 23, 1972.
279 “When he arrived”: Int. Bebe Champ Jan. 10, 1993.
280 “Billie Carr—Bitch”: Int. Billie Carr, Dec. 15, 1992.
280 “Bill liked going out”: Ibid.
280 “I’m gonna tell you something”: Ibid.
281 “an endless fight”: Int. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993.
281 “They were furious”: The account of the dispute with Barbara Jordan is based on Interviews with Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993, and Feb. 14, 1994, and Tony Podesta, May 10, 1993. Barbara Jordan declined to be Interviewed and said, through her secretary, that she had no recollection of the incident.
281 “He liked what we were doing”: lnts. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993, Jan. 11, 1992.
282 In Shaver’s last visit:. Int. Roy Spence, Feb. 8, 1993.
282 Branch and Clinton walked: Ibid. Also Int. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993.
282 “We had this huge cadre”: Int. Tony Podesta, May 10, 1993.
283 “It was unbelievable”: Int. Roy Spence, Feb. 8, 1993.
283 Judy Trabulsi, camped out: Int. Judy Trabulsi, Feb. 2, 1993.
283 The lights were off: Int. Bebe Champ, Jan. 10, 1993.
283 A few days after the election: The account of the party at Armstrong’s ranch is based on Interviews with Bebe Champ, Jan. 10, 1993; Bob Armstrong, Jan. 6, 1993; Mark Blumenthal, Jan. 9, 1993; and Lisa Rogers, Jan. 9. 1993.
283 “You need to go hunting”: Int. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993.
284 Wright headed up to Washington: Int. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15, 1993.
284 a six-year-old guru: Int. Mark Blumenthal, Jan 9, 1993.
284 “Aren’t you worried”: Int. Bebe Champ, Jan. 10, 1993.
284 “Coming down to Texas”: Int. Pat Robards, Dec. 19, 1992.
284 “When he was traveling”: Int. Mark Blumenthal, Jan. 9, 1993.
284 “He learned from that race”: Int. Roy Spence, Feb. 8, 1993.
285 “He seemed to take away”: Int. George McGovern, March 10, 1993.
285 “I wonder what’s going on”: Letter to Creekmore Path, Nov. 25, 1972.
285 He sat in the living room: Int. Nancy Bekavac, May 29, 1993.
285 according to a summary: Int. Dean Wylie Davis, University of Arkansas Law School, March 31, 1994.
286 Bill Coleman felt “a sense of hope”: Int. Bill Coleman, May 29, 1993.
286 “Let me know when you’re running”: Int. Robert Alsdorf, April 7, 1993.
287 “a pure accident”: Charles Flynn Allen, Governor William Jefferson ClInton, p. 50: “He had no plans to make a career of teaching, but found himself applying for a faculty position at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville when he returned to Arkansas from Yale. ClInton said his teaching there was ’a pure accident.’… Clinton was driving home from New Haven, Connecticut, to Hot Springs when he stopped along the Interstate in Little Rock and called the university. He spoke to Wylie Davis…. He was granted an Interview and soon found himself a member of the U of A School of Law faculty.” See also Levin, Bill Clinton: The Inside Story, p. 97.
288 “amusingly inaccurate”: Int. Wylie Davis, March 31, 1994. Also Arkansas Law Record (Fall 1993).
288 He recruited a political friend: Int. Steve Smith, July 15, 1993.
288 “the entire process was”: Int. Wylie Davis, March 31, 1994.
288 a curious first impression: Int. David Newbern, April 6, 1994.
288 “He charmed us all”: Int. Wylie Davis, March 31, 1994. Also Arkansas Law Record (Fall 1993).
289 “It was very clear”: Int. Mort Gitelman, June 21, 1993.
289 Clinton was offered the job: Int. Wylie Davis, March 31, 1994.
289 rented a contemporary stone: lnts. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993; Steve Smith, July 15, 1993; and Doug Wallace, April 14, 1994.
289 On August 23: Int. Ann Henry, July 16, 1993.
290 He filed an amicus brief: Int. Steve Smith, July 15, 1993.
290 “Clinton came up”: Int. Brenda Blagg, July 29, 1993.
290 Clinton called Moore: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993.
291 Whillock had previously served: Int. Carl Whillock, July 19, 1993.
291 It was not unusual: Ints. Wylie Davis, March 31, 1994, and Mort Gitelman, June 21, 1993.
291 “We had long discussions”: Int. Moril Harriman, July 15, 1993.
292 “shooting the breeze”: Int. Woody Bassett, June 21,1993.
292 “There was some grumbling”: Int. Rafael Guzman, April 4, 1994. Also Arkansas Law Journal (Fall 1993).
292 Once he accidentally: Int. Wylie Davis, March 31,1994.
293 “ wasn’t terribly kind to Bill”: Int. Mort Gitelman, June 21,1993.
293 In the constitutional law: Ints. Woody Bassett, June 21, 1993, and Jesse Kearney, June 2, 1992.
293 part of the first wave: Ints. L. T. Simes, July 9, 1993, and Carol Willis, June 30, 1993.
294 perpetuating the myth: Allen. Governor William Jefferson Clinton, p. 53: “About his decision to run after only three months of teaching, Clinton said, ‘The only reason I ran for Congress is they couldn’t get anybody else to do it. I asked Diane Blair and her then husband Hugh Kincaid and Rudy Moore … and two or three other people…. I didn’t intend to get into politics that early.ߣ”
294 “He felt he had to go bigger”: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993.
295 “What if you don’t win?”: Int. Thomas McLarty, April 19, 1993.
295 In early December: Int. Paul Fray, April 25, 1994.
296 “I’ve been thinking about running”: Ints. Carl Whillock, July 19, 1993, and Margaret Whillock, July 28, 1993.
296 “I don’t see how”: Int. James Blair, June 10, 1993. 296 “a wonderful man”: Int. Thomas McLarty, April 19, 1993.
296 “looked like a congressman”: Int. Diane Kincaid Blair, June 10, 1993.
297 The political folk wisdom: Int. James Blair, June 10, 1993.
297 “‘Is that a good idea?ߣ”: Int. David Pryor, June 29, 1993.
297 “Why don’t you come over”: Int. Ron Addington, March 29, 1994.
298 The journey ended in embarrassment: Ibid.
298 Addington was in Little Rock: Ibid.
298 They agreed to meet: Ints. Doug Wallace, April 14, 1994, and Ron Addington, March 29, 1994.
299 At eight o’clock on Monday morning: The account of the Clinton announcement is based on Doug Wallace papers from the 1974 congressional campaign, archived at University of Arkansas-little Rock Library (UALR).
299 “All smiles”: Int. Ron Addington, March 29, 1993.
299 “Billie, I’m on my way!”: Int. Billie Carr, Dec. 15, 1992.
300 he responded by contributing: Federal Election Commission reports, Clinton for Congress, 1974.
300 “Dear Charlie,”: Letter to Charlie Daniels, Jan. 7, 1974.
300 The return rate: FEC reports, Clinton for Congress, 1974.
301 They left at dawn: Int. Carl Whillock, July 19, 1993.
301 At the Berryville courthouse: Int. Eileen Harvey, July 30, 1993.
302 “We sat around”: Ints. Carl Whillock, July 19, 1993, and Victor Nixon, Aug. 2, 1994.
302 The cattle farmer contributed: FEC reports, Clinton for Congress, 1974.
302 “One candidate has already”: Harrison Daily Times, March 6, 1974.
302 “These two men walk in”: Int. Vada Sheid, July 28, 1993.
303 “You do that”: Int. Carl Whillock, July 19, 1993.
304 “You really missed it!”: Int. Margaret Whillock, July 28, 1993.
304 “It’s a little extreme” Associated Press article in Hope Star and Arkansas Gazette, April 11, 1974. Notations from Mack McLarty on copy sent to campaign and archived in Doug Wallace papers at UALR.
304 Schneider’s friends gathered: Ints. James Blair, June 10, 1993; Ron Addington, March 31, 1994; and David Pryor, June 29, 1993.
305 “You and Bill get your butts”: Int. Ron Addington, March 31, 1994.
305 They left on the morning: Ibid.
306 “God damn it!”: Ibid.
307 More than twelve hours a day: Ints. Michael Conway, June 18, 1993, and Tom Bell, July 28, 1993.
307 She did not have her own: Int. Sara Ehrman, Jan. 31, 1993.
307 She and Doar had met: Int. Michael Conway, June 18, 1993.
308 He had barely settled: Ibid.
308 Their windows looked out on: Int. Tom Bell, July 28, 1993.
308 Rodham’s section analyzed: Int. Terry Kirkpatrick, April 5, 1994.
308 Their report concluded: Report of impeachment inquiry staff, Feb. 21, 1974.
309 Doar was a seemingly: Ints. Fred Altshuler, June 24, 1993; Robert Sack, June 22, 1993; Michael Conway, April 1, 1993; and Robin Johansen, June 23, 1993.
309 Cates and Doar respected: Int. Richard Cates, July 13, 1993.
310 “He is looking for detail”: Int. Tom Bell, July 28, 1993.
310 “On occasion he would call her”: Ibid.
310 The way she would later: Radcliffe, A First Lady, p. 124; Warner, Hillary Clinton, p. 74.
310 Donaldson has no such memory: Int. Sam Donaldson, March 4, 1994.
310 “There were some tensions”: Int. Tom Bell, July 28, 1993.
311 “she wasn’t as ideologically pure”: Ibid.
311 “We’re lawyers, not historians”: Ints. Fred Altshuler, June 24, 1993, and Michael Conway, June 18, 1993.
311 “a small but nasty”: Ints. Robert Sack, June 22, 1993, and Fred Altshuler, June 24, 1993.
311 Doar was obsessive: Ints. Sandy Boone, July 8, 1993; Jeff Branchero, July 7, 1993; and Tom Bell, July 28, 1993.
312 At one point the women: Ints. Terry Kirkpatrick, April 5, 1993, and Robin Johansen, June 23, 1993.
312 “I remember that”: Int. Jeff Branchero, July 7, 1993.
313 “I’m following Phil’s example”: Int. Phil Verveer, Feb. 2, 1993.
313 “She was absolutely, totally”: Int. Terry Kirkpatrick, April 5,1994.
313 “This is the honest-to-God”: Int. Tom Bell, July 28, 1993.
313 “a little crazy”: WP, July 1, 1993: “The Man Behind the President,” Ruth Marcus.
314 They spent one week: Int. Bob Sack, June 22, 1993.
314 “It was Nixon taping himself”: New York Review of Books, Oct. 22, 1992: “A Doll’s House?”, Carry Wills.
315 They developed case histories: Int. Fred Altshuler, June 24, 1993.
315 The room was somber: Ints. Michael Conway, June 18, 1993, and Robert Sack, June 22, 1993.
315 She stood in the back: Int. Terry Kirkpatrick, April 5, 1994.
316 she was “at sea”: Int. Taylor Branch, Feb. 28, 1993.
316 “You have to be three hundred percent”: Int. Terry Kirkpatrick, April 5, 1994.
316 She went to dinner: Int. Fred Altshuler, June 24, 1993.
316 She and Clinton had even worried: Int. Paul Fray, May 3, 1994.
317 “I mentioned to her”: Int. Wylie Davis, March 31, 1994.
317 “Hillary came in dressed”. Int. Mort Gitelman, June 21, 1993.
317 Ehrman was horrified: Int. Sara Ehrman, Jan. 31, 1993.
318 She persuaded Alan Stone: Int. Alan Stone, March 7, 1994.
318 Stone would remember: Ibid.
318 “Kind of frantic”: Ibid.
319 One morning during the spring: Ints. Ron Addington, March 31, 1994, and April 23, 1994; Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
319 In the early stages: Int. Ron Addington, April 23, 1994.
319 “Well, how long”: Ibid.
320 “why he was down there”: Int. Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
320 But there were stacks of: Ints. Ron Addington, April 23, 1994; Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994; and Neil McDonald, May 4, 1994.
320 “the staff tried to ignore it”: Int. Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
320 “Hillary had put the hammer”: Ints. Paul Fray, April 25, May 3, and May 23, 1994.
321 “about broke down and cried”: Ibid.
321 He began with 12 percent: Ints. Ron Addington, April 23, 1994, and Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
321 “Bill’s knowledge and facility”: Int. J. Bill Becker, Jan. 7, 1992.
321 “more interested in finishing”: Int. Jim Daugherty, April 6, 1994.
321 At the “Y” City Café: Int. Diane Kincaid Blair, June 10, 1993.
321 On the road between stops: Ints. Ron Addington, April 23, 1994, and Harry Truman Moore, June 15, 1994.
322 “Do we really have to go?”: Int. Morriss Henry, July 16, 1993.
322 Fulbright had raised and spent: Ints. James Blair, June 10, 1993, and Lee Williams, May 12, 1993.
322 Clinton intended to assist: Int. James Blair, June 10, 1993.
323 The theme of the reunion: Int. Phil Jamison, May 13, 1994.
323 “the most prominent graduate”: Hot Springs Sentinel-Record, July 11, 1974.
323 “Lots of them”. Ibid.
324 Jamison was cornered: Int. Phil Jamison, May 13, 1994.
324 The documentary record: Int. Ed Howard, July 19, 1993.
324 “He told me what he said”: Int. Paul Fray, April 25, 1994.
324 He called the unit commander: Int. Ed Howard, July 19, 1993.
325 According to Fray: Ints. Paul Fray, April 25 and May 23, 1994.
325 He did not know: Int. Ed Howard, July 19, 1993.
325 The Lees were old friends: Ints. Mike Lee, May 13, 1994, and Suzanne Lee, May 25, 1994.
325 “went into a stall”: Int. Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
326 Clinton’s mother came home: Leading, p. 205.
326 Everyone at campaign headquarters: Ints. Doug Wallace, April 14, 1994, and Paul Fray, April 25, 1994.
326 When Clinton told Diane Kincaid: Int. Diane Kincaid Blair, June 10, 1993.
326 “Virginia loathed Hillary then”: Ints. Mary Lee Fray, April 25 and May 3, 1994.
327 “She was someone you had”: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993.
327 he was still involved: Ints. Doug Wallace, April 21, 1993; Paul Fray, April 25, 1993; and Mary Lee Fray, April 25, 1993.
327 “‘Go take her somewhereߣ”: Ints. Mary Lee Fray, April 25 and May 3, 1993.
327 Rodham took her own place: Ints. Rafael Guzman, April 4, 1994, and Terry Kirkpatrick, April 5, 1994.
327 To some Arkansans: Int. Woody Bassett, June 21, 1993. Also Arkansas Law Journal (Fall 1993).
328 “unusual ability to absorb”: Int. Woody Bassett, June 21,1993.
328 Most members of the law school: Ints. Wylie Davis, March 31, 1994; Mort Gitelman, June 21, 1993; and Rafael Guzman, April 4, 1994.
328 “She would not sit for idle”: Int. Mort Gitelman, June 21, 1993.
328 “a prodigious worker”: Int. David Newbern, April 6, 1994.
328 “If you are looking for a battleground”: Copy of Clinton speech, Sept. 13, 1974, in Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
329 Clinton packed the fall convention: Ints. Paul Fray, April 25, 1994; Doug Wallace, April 14, 1994; and Steve Smith, July 15, 1993.
329 “We have come together”: Clinton speech, Sept. 13, 1974.
330 “It was wonderful to work”: Int. Steve Smith, July 15, 1993.
330 “If we do not reverse”: Sept. 23, 1974. From Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
330 “Bill planed more blocks”: Int. Ron Cecil, Jan. 3, 1994.
330 Powell came to Fayetteville: Ints. Steve Smith, July 15, 1993; Jody Powell, Sept. 8, 1994; and Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
331 “Find a dramatic way”: Notes of Powell meeting, Sept. 5, 1974, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
331 He wore the khaki work uniform: WP, March 22, 1992: “In Arkansas, the Game Is Chicken,” David Maraniss and Michael Weisskopf.
331 But 1974 was a difficult year: Schwartz, From Farm to Market, p. 23.
331 Don Tyson stayed in the shadows: Ints. Paul Fray, April 25, 1974, and Doug Wallace, April 21, 1974.
332 “certainly not Bill Clinton”: Int. Brenda Blagg, July 29, 1993.
332 “We’re trying to get a copy”: Ints. Steve Smith, July 15, 1993; Neil McDonald, May 4, 1994; and Ron Addington, April 23, 1994.
332 “This was his first race”: Int. Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
333 “butt prints”: Int. Brenda Blagg, July 29, 1993.
333 heard rumors at his church: Int. John Baran, April 25, 1994.
333 “some conservative preachers”: Ints. Mary Lee Fray, April 25 and May 3, 1994.
333 “They were trying to pin Bill”: Int. Neil McDonald, May 4, 1994.
333 “Paul wanted to play hardball”: Int. Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
333 When he entered the apartment: Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
334 “Bill … tried to lecture him”: Int. Neil McDonald, May 4, 1994.
334 forgotten to pay his utility bills: Ints. Ron Addington, March 31 and April 23, 1994.
334 “The damage done”: Undated campaign memo, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
334 “It’s like the widow’s mite”: Int. David Matthews, May 24, 1994.
335 His temper was an accepted part: Ints. Ron Addington, March 29, 1994; Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994; B. A. Rudolph and Neil McDonald, May 4, 1994.
335 “He’d say, ‘Don’t everߣ”: Int. Harry Truman Moore, June 15, 1994.
335 “They’d have the biggest damn fights”: Int. Ron Addington, April 23, 1994.
335 “Our organization went to shit”: Ibid.
335 “She … rubs people the wrong way”: Undated Wallace memo, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
336 “Paul was rough around”: Ints. Doug Wallace, April 21 and May 11, 1994.
336 Rodham took the ethical high ground: Ints. Paul Fray, April 25 and May 23, 1994; Doug Wallace, May 11, 1994; and Neil McDonald, May 4, 1994.
336 “The attorney already had”: Ints. Paul Fray, April 25 and May 23, 1994.
336 “She got adamant”: Ibid.
336 the mood was buoyant: The account of this election night is drawn from interviews with Harry Truman Moore, June 15, 1994; Paul Fray, April 25, 1994; Mary Lee Fray, April 25, 1994; Steve Smith, July 14, 1993; B. A. Rudolph and Doug Wallace, April 21, 1993; and Neil McDonald, May 4, 1994.
337 He then sent a telegram: Copy of telegram in Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
338 Clinton drove to the square: Ints. Paul Fray, April 25, 1994; Mary Lee Fray, April 25, 1994; and Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
340 “The office of attorney general”: Wallace memo on 1976 elections, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
340 This convenient assignment: Clinton News Release No. 6, April 13, 1976, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR: “Clinton has traveled extensively throughout the state speaking to groups about the Arkansas presidential primary law and the Democratic Party rules concerning delegate selection.”
341 At the legal clinic: Arkansas Law Journal (Fall 1993).
341 “People need the Lord”: New York Review of Books, Oct. 22, 1992. “A Doll’s House.” Also, conversation with author, Aug. 6, 1992.
341 It was left to Newcomb: Int. Robert Newcomb, May 7, 1994.
342 they would buy yogurt: Int. Diane Kincaid Blair, Aug. 19, 1994.
342 “a burst of patriotism”: Ibid.
342 They shared an apartment: Int. Neil McDonald, May 4, 1994.
342 Rodham and Clinton: Ints. Diane Kincaid Blair, June 10, 1993; James Blair, June 10, 1983; and Ann Henry, July 16, 1993.
342 “All we ever do”: Int. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, June 8, 1993.
342 She had heard Clinton complain: Int. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15, 1993.
342 Rodham and Clinton came over: Int. Diane Kincaid Blair, Aug. 19, 1994.
343 “Hillary was very curious”: Int. Ann Henry, July 16, 1993.
343 “‘Look at Eleanor Roosevelt!ߣ”: Ibid.
344 Ellis encouraged her: Int. Carolyn Ellis, Jan. 28, 1994.
344 When Rodham arrived back: Radcliffe, A First Lady, p. 147.
344 “was looking more at life”: Int. Ann Henry, July 16, 1993.
344 The one concession: Int. Bettie Lu Lancaster, July 27, 1994.
344 It was a traditional: Int. Victor Nixon, Aug. 2, 1994.
344 Hughie Rodham’s vast underestimation: Int. Betsy Johnson Ebeling, Sept. 27, 1994.
345 That morning at the Fayetteville: Leading, p. 219.
345 “the gregariousness of Bill”: Int. Ann Henry, July 27, 1994.
345 Clinton took along a copy: Int. Bill Clinton, January 20, 1992.
345 Clinton also wrote thank-you: Int. Bettie Lu Lancaster, July 27, 1994.
345 The old boys: Rhodes class letter, American Oxonian (1975), Bob Reich, secretary.
346 Clinton took an unpaid leave: University of Arkansas Law School records.
346 “My opponent in the last election”: Copy of letter to Patricia M. Garlid, Denver, April 28, 1976, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
346 He made his formal campaign announcement: Int. Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994. Copy of press announcement, March 17, 1976, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
346 He was relieved when: Int. Doug Wallace, April 21, 1993.
347 Clinton turned to Governor Pryor: Int. David Pryor, June 29, 1993. Also, Jernigan, As They Know Him, p. 75.
347 Newspaper ads listed: Materials used in ads in Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
347 Jernigan later acknowledged: As They Know Him, p. 74.
347 “This morning as I drove up”: Speech transcript, April 10, 1976, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
348 State labor leaders: Int. J. Bill Becker, Jan. 7, 1992. Also, Arkansas Democrat, April 18, 1976, p. 1: “Clinton won’t get labor’s backing this time around.”
348 “And we had to move away”: Int. Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
348 In one labor questionnaire: Response to Arkansas Advocate questionnaire, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR. When he appeared before the AFL-CIO, Clinton said: “I know what is uppermost in your minds is the conflict between your efforts to amend the right-to-work law and my statements about it. From our past experience together, you know I am not inclined to dodge an issue and I did not dodge that one.”
348 At the graduation ceremonies: 1976 campaign document, April 27, 1976, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
349 “More and more”: Keynote speech at Little River Bi-Centennial Celebration, May 2, 1976, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
349 He thought he might take every ballot: Int. Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
349 As his thirtieth birthday approached: Int. Bill Clinton, January 20, 1992.
349 If he was not obsessed: Ibid
349 “All is madness here”: Letter to Betsey Wright, no date.
350 When Carter visited Little Rock: Copy of list of Arkansans Carter was to write thank-you letters to after visit, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
351 “Divorce him and stay here!”: Int. Mort Gitelman, June 21, 1993.
351 “get on board early”: “Greene County Citizens for Clinton committee mailing. H. T. Moore.
351 The attorney general’s job: Ints. David Newcomb, May 7, 1994; Terry Kirkpatrick, April 5, 1994; and Steve Smith, July 15, 1993.
352 fleshily abundant Dolly Parton: Ints. Richard Morris, July 27, 1994, and Joe Purvis, September 1994.
352 “He was just walking around”: Ints. Terry Kirkpatrick, April 5, 1994, and Joe Purvis, September 1994.
352 Elvis’s death left Clinton: Ibid.
352 Morris flew down: Int. Richard Morris, July 27, 1994.
353 Morris agreed to do a poll: ibid.
353 A few weeks later: Int. David Pryor, June 29, 1993.
353 “you could run for governor”: Ibid.
354 “the only truly distinguished”: Arkansas Gazette, May 10, 1978.
354 Internal campaign news: 1978 campaign daily news summaries, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
354 “If people knew how old-fashioned”: Nelson, Hillary Factor, p. 209.
354 plotting how Pryor could beat Tucker: Int. Richard Morris, July 27, 1994.
355 Clinton, the back room political consultant: Ibid.
355 Pryor’s wife, Barbara: Ibid
355 They were determined: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993.
356 Geren charged that Clinton: Arkansas Gazette, Oct. 28, 1978.
356 Clinton easily rebuffed the charge: Ibid
356 Geren called him at home: Int. Ed Howard, July 19, 1993.
356 “I was disappointed with Bill”: Ibid.
357 The pain came: Int. Veta Ranchino, April 23, 1994.
357 The omen of future trouble: Carter note to Clinton, Doug Wallace Papers, UALR.
358 At his side was Dave Matter: Int. David Matter, Feb. 5, 1993.
359 “this was a good time”: Int. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, June 8, 1993.
359 Arriving by private jet: Int. Charlie Daniels, Jan. 27, 1994.
359 “Well, what do you think?”: Int. Steve Cohen, Feb. 3, 1994.
359 “For as long as I can”: Text of Governor Clinton’s Inaugural Address, Jan. 9, 1979.
360 Craig returned to Washington: Int. Greg Craig, Jan. 27, 1994.
360 Two promises were unmet: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993.
360 Clinton asked Dick Morris: Int. Richard Morris, July 27, 1994.
361 Clinton directed Morris: Ibid.
361 The administration drafted: Ints. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993, and James McDougal, April 22, 1994.
361 the poultry industry: WP, March 22, 1992, David Maraniss and Michael Weisskopf. “The chicken connection is symbolized by the fact that a legislator, Sen. Joe Yates, is on the payroll of the poultry federation as director of industrial relations. Six lawmakers last year were guests of the federation for an all-expenses-paid golf outing out of state, state ethics records show, and four more were hosted by Don Tyson at a marlin-fishing vacation in Mexico.”
361 When he arrived at the terminal: Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
362 As Clinton “pounded like crazy”: Ibid.
362 “Whenever we’d pass”: Ibid.
363 Labor leader J. Bill Becker groused: Int. J. Bill Becker, Jan. 7, 1992.
363 “Clinton was so friendly”: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993.
363 “I have no time to be governor!”: Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
363 Clinton’s staff arranged a summit: Int. Rudy Moore, July 16, 1993.
364 “Will you commit larceny today?”: Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
364 “RW—see if you can work him in”: Rudy Moore note in White’s files.
364 he now occasionally answered to “Baby”: Int. Harry Truman Moore, June 15, 1994.
364 “It was not easy for a boy”: Int. Ray Smith. Jr., April 25, 1994.
364 Three executive assistants: Ints. Rudy Moore, June 10 and July 15, 1993; Steve Smith, July 15, 1993.
365 As Clinton came to power: The account of the clear-cutting debate is drawn largely from a WP article, May 26, 1992: “Clinton’s Hard Lesson In Pragmatism,” Michael Weisskopf and David Maraniss.
365 On a helicopter tour: Int. Steve Smith, July 14, 1993
366 The task force held thirteen hearings: Ibid
366 In private meetings: Int. John Ed Anthony, April 1992.
366 “Every log driver”: Ibid.
366 “Every time I go south”: Ibid Also int. Steve Smith, July 14, 1993.
367 It was also around that time: Int. Steve Smith, July 15, 1993.
367 Smith had mostly loved working: Ibid.
367 “Bill never really bothered us” Int. John Ed Anthony, April 1992.
368 he played golf at a country club: Int. Duke Watts, May 6, 1993. (Although Clinton later developed a penchant for mulligans when his tee shots strayed, as a teenager, according to Watts, he was more honest than many of his friends. Watts said that in tournaments most of the boys would try to get in flights below their true abilities, whereas Clinton would always play in a more difficult flight. His golf talents outshone his abilities in the country club pool. Pat Parker, a lifeguard at Belevedere Country Club, once had to save a struggling Clinton who had knocked himself out doing a bellyflop off the high dive.)
368 Rudy Moore often told the story: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993.
369 Rodham’s father taught her how: Hillary Clinton White House press conference, April 22, 1994.
369 “our prevailing, acquisitive”: Transcript, Hillary Rodham Commencement Address, May 31, 1969. From Wellesley College archives.
369 Blair, a Springdale lawyer: Int. Jim Blair, Sept. 6, 1994.
370 They had all read Joan Didion’s: Int. Diane Blair, June 10, 1993.
370 Blair was abandoned: Int. Jim Blair, Sept. 6, 1994.
370 By the time he recruited Rodham: Ibid.
370 Clients were plentiful: WP, April 10, 1994, Sharon LaFraniere and Charles R. Babcock; Wall Street Journal, April 1, 1994, Jeffrey Taylor and Bruce Ingersoll.
371 Blair could have kept: Int. Jim Blair, Sept. 6, 1994.
371 Playing the commodities market: Perhaps the clearest essay on the subject was James K. Glassman’s “Hillary’s Cows,” The New Republic, May 16, 1994.
372 “I thought it was terrible”: Int. Diane Blair, Aug. 19, 1994.
372 She seemed to get a break: WP, May 27. 1994: “Hillary Clinton Futures Trades Detailed,” Charles R. Babcock.
372 “They weren’t going to hassle me”: Int. Jim Blair, Sept. 6, 1994.
373 She had less good fortune that year: The first national article detailing the Whitewater land deal was by New York Times investigative reporter Jeff Gerth, March 8, 1992. There had been less detailed articles in Little Rock newspapers earlier. Clinton critic Roy Drew, a stock market consultant, would later claim that he pointed Gerth in the direction of McDougal. Another Clinton antagonist, Sheffield Nelson, also pushed the story to national reporters during the early stages of the presidential campaign.
373 He could often be found: Ints. Steve Smith, April 26, 1994; Rudy Moore, April 27, 1994; and Randy White, April 11, 1994.
373 McDougal had encountered them: Int. Jim McDougal, April 22, 1994.
373 He had been making land deals: Ibid
374 “It was a beautiful development”: Int. Susan McDougal, March 10, 1992.
374 One day they were invited to tea: Int. Mandy Merck, May 14, 1993.
375 “I’m beginning to think”: Ibid.
375 “He walked all over”: Arkansas Gazette, Feb. 29, 1980: “Girl Born to Clinton and Wife.”
375 “That’s a nice song”: Int. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, July 12, 1993.
376 Clinton told Rodham that White: Int. Bill Clinton, Jan. 20, 1992.
376 a bad situation deteriorated: The account of Clinton’s handling of the Fort Chaffee crisis is drawn largely from WP, Oct. 22, 1992: “Cuban Refugee Uprising Offers View of Clinton’s Reaction to Crisis,” David Maraniss. Also from documents at the Carter Library, and interviews with Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993; Ron Addington, April 5, 1994, and Jody Powell, Sept. 8, 1994.
378 Eidenberg, the White House official: Int. Eugene Eidenberg, October 1992.
378 “Don’t answer it”: Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
379 “Rudy, they’re killing me”: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993.
379 White was in the room: Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
379 Clinton nonetheless promised: Transcript of Clinton conversations with White House aide Gene Eidenberg, Carter Library, Atlanta, Georgia.
380 “kick and fuss and holler”: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993.
380 On the afternoon of August 4: Int. Eugene Eidenberg, October 1992. Also Carter Library documents on conversation with Jimmy Carter.
381 “I understand”: Transcript of Eidenberg statement at Fort Chaffee, Carter Library.
381 Rodham derided him: Int. Fred Altshuler, June 24, 1993.
381 Wagner understood: Int. Carl Wagner, June 28, 1993.
382 Merck was covering the convention: Int. Mandy Merck, May 14, 1993.
382 Clinton changed the subject. Ibid.
382 “Energize us”: Int. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, June 8, 1993.
382 Simply putting together: Transcript, Address by Bill Clinton, Democratic National Convention, 1980. From governor’s archives.
383 “What else”: Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
383 A child had broken his record: Int. Rudy Moore, July 16.
383 To Moore, he seemed distracted: Ints. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993, and Randy White, April 11, 1994.
384 Clinton could not believe: Ibid.
384 which so enraged Virginia Dwire: Int. Melinda Gassaway, Sentinel-Record editor, April 25, 1994.
384 The marks against Morris: Int. Rudy Moore, Aug. 18, 1994.
385 “had gone from being”: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 1, 1994.
385 “We need Dick”: Ibid.
385 “the last straw”: Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
385 “God, I’m an idiot!”: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 1, 1994.
386 He found a deck of cards: Int. Richard Mason, June 30, 1994.
387 They had an open line: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993.
387 she was trembling slightly: Int. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
388 He phoned Bill Simmons: Int. Bill Simmons, Jan. 12, 1992.
388 although when David Broder: Int. David Broder, July 2, 1993.
388 “The guy screwed me”: Int. Rick Stearns, March 4, 1993.
388 One day he invited several aides: Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
389 Brown offered him a job: Int. Mickey Kantor, Sept. 14, 1994.
390 During a trip to Fayetteville: Int. Diane Blair, June 10, 1993.
390 “It’s the only track”: Ibid.
390 Then he called her one night: Int. Billie Carr, Dec. 15, 1992.
390 “Woody! Hey, Woody!”: Int. Woody Bassett, June 21, 1993.
390 “Here’s an idea”: Ints. Rudy Moore, July 16, 1993, and Randy White, April 11, 1994.
391 Rodham called Dick Morris: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 1, 1994.
391 And Clinton called Betsey Wright: Int. Betsey Wright, June 27, 1993.
391 She had assumed the role of bad cop: Int. Rudy Moore, July 16, 1993.
391 He told Wright that he needed: Int. Betsey Wright, June 27, 1993.
391 Within days of taking the call: Ints. Betsey Wright, June 27, 1993, and Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
392 The youngest former governor: Ints. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, July 12, 1993; Betsey Wright, June 27, 1993: and Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
392 He looked pathetic: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 1, 1994.
393 “I’ve been thinking a lot”: Letter to Don Jones, 1981.
393 Rodham offered a more political: Arkansas Gazette, Feb. 22, 1981.
393 “I knew what she had gone”: Int. Fred Altshuler, June 24, 1993.
395 The traveling show of 1981: Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
395 The AFL-CIO summer convention: Arkansas Gazette, June 18, 1981, John Brummett, p. 1.
396 “When someone is beating you”: Int. Doug Wallace, April 21, 1994.
396 “The rug had been pulled out”: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993. Also, Bill Clinton letter to Rudy Moore, no date.
397 Jack Germond and Jules Witcover: Arkansas Gazette, July 10, 1981: “Columnists Are Wrong, Clinton Says.”
397 It did not start out as a pleasant: Ints. Dick Morris, Aug. 1, 1994, and Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994.
397 Morris and Wright began to construct: Ibid.
398 “You have to recognize your sins”: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 1, 1994.
399 The ads began running: Arkansas Gazette, Feb. 9, 1981: “Clinton Makes It Official, Uses Taped Television Ad,” p. 1.
399 “Hillary’s gonna have to”: Int. Ray Smith, April 25, 1994.
399 “What were people wearing?”: Int. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, June 8, 1993.
399 Clinton recalled a conversation: “Hillary the Pol,” The New Yorker, May 30, 1994, Connie Bruck.
400 All that changed: Arkansas Gazette, Feb. 28, 1981: “Rodham Takes Leave to Join Campaign as ‘Mrs. Bill Clinton.ߣ” 400 “‘No,’ came the ice cold answer”: Times-News editorial reprinted in Arkansas Gazette, March 7, 1982.
400 People hated it: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 1, 1994.
401 “Bill Clinton on the Low Road”: Arkansas Gazette, April 28, 1982.
401 “said he would tear our heads off”: Arkansas Gazette, May 16, 1982.
401 “The polls showed a tremendous”: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 1, 1994.
402 “Tucker had a record”: Int. Betsey Wright, June 27, 1993.
402 “Hell, he knew what was at stake”: Int. Woody Bassett, June 21, 1993.
402 Young black professionals: Ints. Carol Willis, June 30, 1993, and Rodney Slater, Aug. 7, 1992.
403 “We felt like we were behind”: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 1, 1994.
403 “They’re about ready”: Int. Carol Willis, June 30, 1993.
404 They set up a stage: Ints. Betsey Wright, June 27, 1993, and Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
405 Already that day: Arkansas Gazette, Jan. 12, 1983: “Inaugurated Before Huge Crowd,” p. 1; “Religious Service Starts Inaugural,” p. 18. Also, int. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25. 1994.
405 “He realized that he needed”: Int. Paul Root, July 13, 1993.
406 They were freewheeling: Int. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
406 The bad news had started: Int. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994.
406 In the end, he worried: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
407 “an almost Catholic splitting”: Ibid.
408 Clinton had called Starr: Int. John Robert Starr, Jan. 12, 1992.
408 “His entire strategy in governing”: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
408 Although Morris conducted the polls: lnts. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994, and Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
409 “one of the most embarrassing defeats”: Arkansas Gazette, Feb. 20, 1983: “Clinton Wants Others to Lead,” Ernest Dumas.
409 The state highway director was now shocked: Arkansas Gazette, March 3, 1983: “Called Double-crosser by Henry Gray.”
409 “Wasn’t Weak, Vacillating”: Arkansas Gazette, March 25, 1983.
409 Clinton was eager to become known: lnts. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994, and Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
410 “He knew he couldn’t succeed”: Ibid
410 Trotter bitterly cited: Arkansas Gazette, Aug. 16, 1983.
410 In some schools: Int. Paul Root, July 13, 1993, and Root documents as governor’s education aide.
411 There was a national context: Arkansas Gazette, April 23, 1983: “National Report Blueprint for Arkansas.”
411 “This guarantees that I will have”: Arkansas Gazette, April 23, 1983.
411 The inadequacies the committee members found: From report of Education Standards Committee, 1983. Also documents of Paul Root, education aide.
411 “I think we’ve elected the wrong Clinton!”: Arkansas Gazette, July 29, 1983.
411 Clinton and Morris experimented: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
412 It was a concept: lnts. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994, and Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994. (Gloria Cabe’s daughter had a teacher who marked wrong student test answers that gave a precise number to the question of how old the United States was rather than parroting the imprecise answer in their textbook, “about 200 years.”)
412 Frank White, the former governor: Arkansas Gazette, Sept. 8, 1983. Also int. Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
412 When Morris polled on the teacher tests: lnts. Dick Morris, Aug. 1 and 4, 1994.
412 On the day before: Int. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994.
413 Clinton formed a finance committee: Arkansas Gazette, Sept. 29, 1993.
413 “In the life of our state”: Transcript, Governor Bill Clinton Address to Joint Session, Oct. 4, 1983.
414 Carol Willis and other black: Int. Carol Willis, June 30, 1993.
414 He cornered Vada Sheid: Int. Vada Sheid, July 28, 1993.
415 At a meeting in the governor’s office: Int. J. Bill Becker, Jan. 7, 1992. Also Arkansas Gazette, Nov. 9, 1983, John Brummett.
415 “Clinton’s lying to you!”: Int. J. Bill Becker, Jan. 7, 1992.
415 The substantive results: From Paul Root documents on Arkansas education. Also numerous Arkansas Gazette articles 1986-87.
416 Jogging was the craze: Int. Jim Blair, June 10, 1993.
416 Clinton had focused: Int. Bill Clinton, Jan. 20, 1992.
417 Clinton asked one of his colleagues: Arkansas Gazette, Aug. 12, 1984, based on New York magazine article by Richard Reeves.
417 “Harry Truman would tell us”: Transcript, Speech honoring Harry Truman by Governor Bill Clinton, Democratic National Convention, July 16, 1984.
419 This time it began: lnts. Robert Gibbs, Aug. 11, 1994, and Larry Gleghorn, Aug. 11, 1994.
419 both Gibbs and Gleghorn knew the Clintons: Ibid
419 though he detested the memory: Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992. Also WP, Jan. 24, 1993. “Oh, Brother,” Laura Blumenfeld.
420 One day soon after: lnts. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25. 1994; Hillary Clinton, Jan. 16, 1992; and Bill Clinton, Jan. 20, 1992.
420 he wrote a note: Int. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994.
420 “got so wrapped up in”: Im. Bill Clinton, Jan. 20, 1992.
420 Clinton occasionally had asked: Int. Larry Gleghorn, Aug. 11. 1994.
420 “not the first time”: Int. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994.
420 With Officer Gibbs hiding: Int. Robert Gibbs, Aug. 11, 1994.
420 Four more deals: Ibid.
421 Clinton talked to both Roger and his mother: Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992. Also transcript, Roger Clinton conversations with informant Rodney Myers, obtained in FOIA request. Case File 50-053-84. U.S. District Court, Little Rock.
421 “Do you think they are ever”: Int. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994.
421 It was an emotional scene: Leading, pp. 250-51.
421 a period of intense introspection began: Ints. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992, and Bill Clinton, Jan. 20, 1992. Also Leading, p. 252.
422 “He did a lot of introspection”: Int. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994.
422 “I think we’re all addicted to something”: Ints. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, June 8 and July 12, 1993.
422 Roger agreed to testify: Int. Larry Gleghorn, Aug. 11, 1994.
422 The connections: Arkansas Gazette, Oct. 25, 1986. Also Newsweek, Jan. 24, 1994: “The Fall of a Bond Daddy.”
423 “Here the brother of the governor”: Int. Asa Hutchinson, Aug. 2, 1994.
423 “We’re closer than any brothers”: Transcript, Roger Clinton conversations with informant Rodney Myers, obtained in FOIA request. Case File 50-033-84.
423 Minutes before: Ibid.
424 Virginia had taken down: Int Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992.
425 Edith Cassidy constantly accused: Leading, p. 23.
425 she developed a reputation: Int. Myra Irvin, Feb. 9, 1993.
425 During the 1978 gubernatorial campaign: Int. Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993.
425 Clinton’s table attracted a crowd: Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
425 Trooper L. D. Brown: WP, April 11, 1994, p. 6, Michael Isikoff, following an article in American Spectator by Daniel Wattenberg.
426 Hillary said she could never: Int. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, June 8 and July 12, 1993.
426 “I wonder how history”: Ibid.
427 a bossy big sister: Ints. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15 and June 28, 1993; Aug. 25, 1994.
427 “I won’t have it!”: Int. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994.
427 Wright swatted it: Int. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15, 1993.
428 Hillary felt the need: Ints. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15, 1993, and Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
428 She told Drew: Int. Roy Drew, April 22, 1994.
428 wanted to build a swimming pool: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
429 she would devote hours to courting: Int. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994. Also The New Yorker, May 30, 1994: “Hillary the Pol,” Connie Bruck.
429 “She’s got to be out”: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
429 During the 1986 gubernatorial race: Arkansas Gazette, Sept. 18, 1986: “White Says Clinton Lied About Rose Law.”
429 The Clinton team’s political response: Ints. Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994, and Betsey Wright, June 28, 1993.
429 Dan Lasater, the bond broker: Newsweek, Jan. 24, 1994.
430 she helped represent Jim McDougal: NYT, March 8, 1992.
430 According to McDougal and his wife: Ints. Susan McDougal, March 10, 1992, and Jim McDougal, April 22, 1994.
430 McDougal was feeling regret: Ibid.
431 Wright viewed the event: Int. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994.
431 They were discussing the works: Int. Don Jones, April 14, 1993.
432 “As a member of the British”: Hillary Clinton gave speeches throughout Arkansas churches on why she was a Methodist. She included segments of the speech in her commencement address at Hendrix College, May 30, 1992.
432 Hillary’s church in downtown Little Rock: Ints. Reverend Ed Matthews, July 13, 1993, and Clinton Burleson, July 13, 1993.
433 “One of her favorite thoughts”: Int. Reverend Ed Matthews, July 13, 1993.
433 “not going to tote her Bible”: Ibid.
433 “would get up there and act”: Int. Mary Frances Vaught, May 1992.
433 Clinton did not go to church: The account of Clinton at lmmanuel Baptist Church and his relationship with W. O. Vaught is drawn from interviews with Bill Clinton, May 14, 1992; Carl Vaught and Mary Frances Vaught, May 1992; Betsey Wright, May 1992; and Rudy Moore, June 10, 1993. Also WP, June 29, 1992: “Roots of Clinton’s Faith Deep, Varied,” David Maraniss, p. 1.
436 “The latest polls”: American Oxonian (Winter 1986).
436 poor southern forebears: New England Historical Genealogical Society newsletter, Dec. 12, 1992.
437 one week after he turned forty: Arkansas Gazette, Aug. 27, 1986, p. 1.
437 “always standing, never sitting”: Int. Harry Hughes, June 10, 1994.
438 “Nobody ever told me”: Int. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
438 After the election: Ints. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994, and Moril Harriman, July 15, 1993.
438 Early on the evening: WP, March 21, 1987.
438 Clinton had talked to friends: Int. Kit Ashby, Jan. 20, 1993.
439 Gloria Cabe ventured up: Int. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
439 “Your willingness to help us”: Letter to Charlie Daniels, May 20, 1987.
440 “a statute of limitations”: Int. Bob Armstrong, Jan. 6, 1993.
440 Clinton “wanted to believe”: Ints. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15 and June 28, 1993, Aug. 25, 1994.
440 “a tremendous terror”: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
440 He traveled to Washington: Int. Steve Cohen, Feb. 3, 1994.
440 Their first choice was: Int. Betsey Wright, June 28, 1993.
440 A few days before the announcement: Ints. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15 and June 28, 1993, and Aug. 25, 1994.
441 Wagner was a generational cohort: Ints. Carl Wagner, June 28, 1993, Feb. 4, 1994.
441 “So what’s the bottom line?”: Ibid.
441 “this guy doesn’t know”: Int. Steve Cohen, Feb. 3,1994.
442 Kantor took the lead: Int. Mickey Kantor, Sept. 14, 1994.
442 on a Sunday morning: Int. Paul Root, July 14, 1993.
443 “It was the turning point”: Int. Mickey Kantor, Sept. 14, 1994.
443 Clinton faced the gathering: Ints. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994; Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994; Mickey Kantor, Sept. 14, 1994; Carl Wagner, Feb. 4, 1994; John Holum, June 1992; and Billie Carr, Dec. 15, 1992.
443 “I need some family time”: Statement by Governor Bill Clinton on his decision not to seek the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination, July 15, 1987.
443 “this reminds me of the Fuhgawe”: Int. David Leopoulos, June 9, 1993.
444 “the conflict between”: Felix B. Arnold Lecture, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Feb. 9, 1988.
444 Clinton had stayed up all night: Ints. Betsey Wright, July 1992, and Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
445 “No matter what happens”: Arkansas Gazette, July 22, 1988.
445 Betsey Wright stood at the back: Ints. Betsey Wright, July 1992; Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994; and Harry Truman Moore, June 15, 1994. Also, Arkansas Gazette, July 21-22, 1988.
446 “God, Lindsey,”: Int. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
447 The Clintons tried to defuse: Arkansas Gazette, July 22, 1988: “I Just Fell On My Sword.”
447 “We felt like we had made”: Int. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
447 Betsey Wright had flown back: Int. Betsey Wright, July 1992.
447 “So this is the guy”: Int. Judy Trabulsi, Feb. 2, 1993.
447 Friends in Hollywood: Ints. Harry Thomason, July 16, 1992, and Mickey Kantor, Sept. 14, 1994.
448 Gloria Cabe said there were times: Int. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
448 “He was upset that Dukakis”: Int. Woody Bassett, June 21, 1993.
448 Not long after Dukakis lost: Rhodes class of 1968 annual letter, American Oxonian (Winter 1988).
448 White left the meeting: Int. Randy White, April 14, 1994.
449 “The Great Communicator in Washington”: An Address to a Joint Session of the 77th General Assembly, Jan. 9, 1989.
450 Major Betsey: Int. Carol Willis, June 30, 1993.
450 Now she was exhausted: Ints. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994; Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994; and Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
450 They had argued over the death penalty: Int. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15, 1993.
450 He was into self-denial again: Ints. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15, 1993, Aug. 25, 1994. (Wright also confided contemporaneously in Gloria Cabe, although she and Cabe later had a falling out.)
451 Nearly every week: Ints. Mary Frances Vaught and Gary Vaught, May 1992.
452 He was getting strong advice: Ints. Betsey Wright, June 28, 1993, and Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
452 “dithering and depressed”: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
452 On the day before the event: Int. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
453 convinced that up to thirty minutes: Int. Betsey Wright, June 28, 1993.
453 “you could have knocked Hillary over”: Int. David Leopoulos, June 9, 1993.
454 He was accepting free rides: WP, March 22, 1992: “In Arkansas, the Game Is Chicken,” David Maraniss and Michael Weisskopf, p. 1.
454 called him “Pards”: Int. John Jacoby, April 1994.
454 Many of his longtime county chairs: Ints. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994, and Woody Bassett, June 21, 1993.
454 Wright felt that Cabe: Int. Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994.
455 Cabe wanted nothing to do: Int. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
455 Clinton suddenly lost control: Ints. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994, and Betsey Wright, Feb. 15, 1993. Dick Morris would neither confirm nor deny the incident.
455 At a strategy meeting the day before: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
455 “If Sheffield Nelson called”. Int. Randy White, April 11, 1994.
456 “You always wanted me to run”: Int. Frank Greer, June 29, 1993.
456 Nichols was a familiar character: Associated Press Little Rock bureau chief Bill Simmons broke the story that led to Nichols’s firing: “Arkansans Financed Contra Calls,” Sept. 11, 1988.
456 workers at his campaign headquarters: Clinton press secretary Mike Gauldin kept a chronological diary of events related to the Nichols lawsuit. It mentions several times when Clinton campaign aides called Nelson’s headquarters and were told about the suit.
456 they had taped a commercial: Int. Paula Unruh, December 1991.
457 Morris did not consider: Int. Dick Morris, Aug. 4, 1994.
457 Gloria Cabe recruited: Int. Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
457 “I stuck it up their ass”: Gennifer Flowers tape-recorded four telephone conversations with Clinton between December 1990 and December 1991. When she revealed the existence of the tapes during the 1992 presidential campaign, certain questions were raised about whether they had been altered or edited, but Clinton did not deny their authenticity. Gloria Cabe, in an interview on Sept. 13, 1994, said she was in the kitchen of the Governor’s Mansion and overheard Clinton talking to Flowers one night about Chuck Robb, a topic in one of the tapes.
458 As Ed Howard was moving: Ints. Ed Howard, July 19, 1993, Sept. 18, 1994.
458 As Clinton prepared to speak: Int. Bruce Reed, Sept. 21, 1994.
459 “We’re here to save”: Later transcript of Cleveland DLC speech, May 6, 1991.
459 Two days later: WP, May 4, 1994, Michael Isikoff, Charles E. Shepard, and Sharon LaFraniere, p. 1.
459 They had known Clinton and Rodham: Ints. Roy Spence, Feb. 8, 1993, and Garry Mauro, July 11, 1994.
460 Everywhere he went: Ints. Mike Gauldin, June 1992; Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994; and Betsey Wright, Aug. 25, 1994.
460 Kantor gingerly broached: Ints. Mickey Kantor, Sept. 14, 1994; Carl Wagner, Feb. 4, 1994; and Gloria Cabe, Sept. 13, 1994.
460 Greer had come to realize: Int. Frank Greer, June 29, 1993.
461 “Hell, I just had dinner”: Ibid
461 In the early morning: Ints. Frank Greer, June 29, 1993; Tom Caplan, Sept. 12, 1994; and Bruce Reed, Sept. 21, 1994.
462 As Diane Blair approached. Int. Diane Blair, Aug. 19, 1994.
462 Clinton gave a speech: Remarks of Governor Bill Clinton, Little Rock, Arkansas, Oct. 3, 1991.
462 His mother was there: Int. Virginia Kelley, Jan. 13, 1992. Also Leading, p. 272.
463 The two friends from Hot Springs: Ints. David Leopoulos, July 17, 1994, and Carolyn Yeldell Staley, July 17, 1994.
463 Tommy Caplan, Clinton’s Georgetown: Int. Tom Caplan, Sept. 12, 1994.
463 Bob Reich had flown down: Int. Robert Reich, Sept. 16, 1994.
463 Here, finally, is the day: Int. Carl Wagner, Sept. 21, 1994.
463 Diane Blair looked up: Int. Diane Blair, Aug. 19, 1994.
463 Betsey Wright could not bring: Ints. Betsey Wright, Feb. 15, 1993, Aug. 25, 1994.
464 Cliff Jackson was also at home: Int. Cliff Jackson, Sept. 22, 1994.
464 Chelsea took a place: Int. Tom Caplan, Sept. 12, 1994.
464 Clinton stayed up: Ints. Carolyn Yeldell Staley, July 17, 1994, and Tom Caplan, Sept. 12, 1994.