abandonment, 2, 18, 23, 40–41, 42, 71–72
abductions, 38, 79, 84, 132–133, 196
abuse
activism against, 126
blending and vulnerability protection, 18, 209–210
children and psychological responses to, 210–212
domestic violence, 52–53, 202, 209
wartime violence against women, 24, 28, 95, 131–132
accomplishment recognition, 79–81, 82
Actaeon, 125
activism
as Artemis archetypal characteristic, 126–130
bullying, intolerance for, 123, 124, 126, 127
deforestation protests, 62
gender discrimination, 80–81, 96–97, 148–149
racial discrimination, 127–128
sexual assault in military, 81–83
violence against women, 24, 26, 95–96
Women's Movement, xiv, 32, 148–149, 176, 193–196
addictions, 191
Agamemnon, 57
Age of Empathy, The (Waal), 200
alchemical goddesses, 107, 135. See also Aphrodite
Alcott, Louisa May, xii
American Athletic Union (AAU), 96–97
American Psychiatric Association, 148–149
Anastasia Steele, xii
animals
activism protecting, 126
animal mothers as role models, 14
child abuse using pets, 209
as goddess symbols, 15, 53–54, 121–122, 158, 171
protective strategies of, 18, 209–210
as surrogate parents, 1, 2–3, 4, 23, 196–201
anti-Semitism, 127
Aphrodite
as archetypal ally, 153
associations, 134
footrace myths featuring, 9, 11, 99, 113
persona marriages, 113
reproductive urges, 104
son of, 159
virgin goddesses' resistance to, 134
Apollodorus, 1
apples, golden, 8–11, 99–108, 157–158
archetypes. See also Artemis archetype
of Athena, 134, 136–137, 144, 148–151
conflicts between, 156–157, 192
definition and description, 183
development and configurations of, xiii–xiv, 20, 135, 183–185
of men, 110
patriarchy and domestic violence, 53
virgin goddess, 119
Arethusa, 17
Artemis. See also Artemis archetype
animal symbols of, 15, 53–54, 121–122
attributes and accessories, ix, xii–xiii, xvi, 16, 122
companions of, 122
consequences of offending, 5–8, 51, 53, 60
descriptions and overview, 121–122
literature replacing Selene with, 160
moon symbolism, 153
roles of, ix–x, 15, 16–17, 19, 122, 202
vulnerability response of, 147
“Artemis” (Broumas), 74
Artemis archetype
activism (see activism)
concentration and drive, xvi–xvii, 100, 121, 123, 145, 151, 212
description overview, xv, 148–151
ex-spouse relationships, 176
fictional characters as, xii, xv, 31–32, 122, 123–125, 126
goddess/mortal combination, 12
grief and healing protection, 73
independence and autonomy, 86
love relationships, 136
mother bear protection, 18
mysticism and liminality, 166, 219–220
reflection and contemplation, 21, 100, 166
retribution and punishment, 125–126, 144
running, 94
self-determination and journey, 127–129, 187, 188
sisterhood and feminist cause support, 16, 122, 149
tree people, 62
violence survival as non-victims, 130–134
virgin goddess descriptions, 119
woman's life phases for, 11, 202
women as examples of, 20–21, 196–208
Arya Stark, xv
Atalanta
Airtime's protection of, xi, 1, 2
Calydon boar hunt, 5–8, 51, 57–59, 58–59, 67–68
father figures and role models of, 30–32
Hippomenes relationship, 109, 112–113
intimacy issues, 38
life phase correspondence, 156
love and archetypal characteristics of, 109–110
marriage and footrace, classical version, 9–11, 93–94, 98–108
marriage and footrace, modern version, xiii, 114–116, 119
Meleager relationship, 4–5, 10, 47–50, 103
popularity of, xiii
punishment of, 113
tree people archetype, 62
wilderness transition, 8, 72, 79, 87, 89, 90
women's stories compared to, 18, 23, 196–201
Athena, 119, 134, 136–137, 144, 148–151
authenticity, 117, 178, 179, 184
Ayla (fictional character), xv, 177
babies
birth as transition model, 70–71
identity assumptions and expectations imposed on, 39
maternal care and survival, 44
newborn personalities, 22
patriarchal societies and, 25
Babu, Chaya, 27
Bagby, Rachel, 159
Barrett-Lee, Lynn, 197
bears
cub-rearing descriptions, 13–15
as goddess animal symbol, 15, 54, 121–122, 171
mother bear metaphors, 17–18, 25–26, 126
as mythological surrogate parents, 1, 2–3, 4
beauty, attraction to, 160–161, 166
birth, as first transition phase, 70–71, 84
bitterness, 56
boars, 5–8, 51, 53–59, 121, 181
Bones (television show), 49–50
Book of Changes, 85
Born to be Good (Keltner), 210–211
Boston Marathon, 97
boys, 27–28, 39–40, 45–47, 64–66, 73
Brave (movie), 125
Brewer, Heather C., 95
Broumas, Olga, 74
Brown, Gordon, 204
bullying, 123, 124, 126, 127, 209, 218
“Burnt Norton” (Eliot), 216
Callimachus, 122
Calydon boar, 5–8, 51, 53–59, 181
Cancer as a Turning Point (LeShan), 193
Capuchin monkeys, as surrogate parents, 23, 197–198, 200–201
Chaos, 159
Chapman, Marina, 23, 196–201, 205
childbirth, ix, 16–17, 70–71, 122
children
with animals as surrogate parents, 23, 198–197, 200–201, 205
Artemis archetypes in, description, 123–124, 217–218
courage and survival of, 208–210
domestic abuse and, 52–53, 201–202, 206, 210–213, 218
education activism and violence against, 203–205, 207
Hestia archetypes in, description, 138
moving frequency and new schools, 129–130
parents' expectations imposed on, 40–42, 63–64
woman's choice to have, 105–106, 120
Chipko movement, 62
Christianity, 154
circles, women's, 138, 151, 178, 194, 218
Clan of the Cave Bear, The (Auel), xv, 177
Clinton, Hillary, xiv
Close to the Bone (Bolen), 84
collective unconscious, 26
Comeau, Carole, 133
Commission on the Status of Women, 29, 176
concentration, focused, xvi–xvii, 100, 121, 123, 145, 151, 212
conflict of archetypes, 156–157, 192
Constantine, Emperor of Rome, 154
Convention Eliminating Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 208
Council of the Thirteen Indigenous Grandmothers, 180
courage, 90, 146, 208–210, 214, 218
crafts, 149
creativity, 89, 106–108, 116–117
crisis, 84
crones (life phase), 138, 139–141, 155, 173, 175, 179–180
Crossing to Avalon (Bolen), 88
Cupid (Eros), 159
danger, 84
Danu (Celtic goddess), 78
Dardenne, Sabine, 132
death and dying, 66–670, 102, 172
Declaration of Sentiments, xiv
deforestation, 62
Demeter, 38, 86, 104, 134, 172, 173
destructive forces, 52–57, 58–62
Devi, Amrita, 62
Diana, 121. See also Artemis
Dick, Kirby, 82
disappearances of women, 28–29
discrimination, 32, 127–130, 148–149, 211–212. See also gender discrimination
Disturbing Peace (Havel), 86
does, 121
domestic violence, 52–53, 201–202, 209
Drama of the Gifted Child, The (Miller), 45
dreams, 32–36, 55–57, 66–67, 155, 159
Duggard, Jaycee, 132
Earth Child Insititute, 95
Eat, Pray, Love (Gilbert), 89
education activism, 203–205, 207
Ehrenreich, Barbara, xviii
Eleusinian Mysteries, 164
emotional development, 45–47, 64–66
emotional experiences, value of, 107
empathy, 38, 111, 136, 144, 145
enthusiasm, 184
environmental causes, 60–62, 72, 126
envy, 56
Eos, 160
Eris, 157
expectations
conformity vs. authenticity, 178, 179, 190–192
energy consumption of, 178
motherhood vs. childfree, 105–106
of parents imposed on children, 40–42, 50, 64
patriarchal views of marriage, xiv, 109
time passing and self-imposed, 102
women in patriarchal societies, 176
fathers, 30–32, 110, 123, 189–190, 201–202
female genital mutilation (FMG), 29–30
Feminine, 37
Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 105, 176
feminist movements, xiv, 32, 47, 148–149, 176, 193–196
Fifty Shades of Grey (James), xii
Fonda, Jane, 114
footrace mythology, 9–11, 94, 98–99
forgiveness, 144
“For the Fairest,” 157
Four Quartets (Eliot), 59
Frankl, Viktor, 166
Franklin, Rosalind, 80
Free to Be...You and Me (Thomas), xiii, 114, 119–120, 143, 183, 192
Gaia (Mother Earth), 17–18, 37–38, 60, 160
Game of Thrones (Martin), xv
gender. See also gender discrimination
birth ratios, normal, 27
brain function comparisons, 195–196
patriarchy and marriage roles, 110–111
qualities and roles based on, 111–112
stress management comparisons, 195
gender discrimination
accomplishment and recognition rejection, 79–81, 82
activism against, 80–81, 96–97, 148–149
conscious-raising movements defying, 32
in Greek mythology, 1, 6, 7, 37–38, 57
healthcare and nutritional neglect, 28
in patriarchal cultures, 97–98, 109–110, 163, 211
Gilbert, Elizabeth, 89
Gillibrand, Kirsten, 82
Gimbutas, Marija, 24
girls
courage and survival, xv–xvi, 208–210
education activism and violence against, 203–205, 207
father figures and male role models, 30–32
fictional characters with Artemis archetypes, xv
goddess archetypes of vulnerable, 174–175
goddesses protectors of, 15, 122
humiliation, shame and blame, 210–214
infancy survival and will, 23
jungle survival, 23, 196–201, 205
mother bear parental figures, 17–18
sexual abuse experiences, 201–202, 206
“Girls Choose Better Names” (Babu), 27
Girl with No Name, The (Chapman, et al.), 23, 196–201, 205
Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The (Larsson), xii, 126
Goddesses in Everywoman (Bolen), x–xi, xiii, 20, 107, 149, 156, 207
Goddesses in Older Women (Bolen), 138, 172
Gods in Everyman (Bolen), 110
Going Solo (Klinenberg), 139–140
Golden Fleece mythology, 1, 43, 81
“Gone Girl” (Talbot), 132
Gonne, Maud, 12
Great Goddess (Great Mother), 45, 60, 153–155
Greek culture, ancient, 23–24, 25, 46, 53
Greek mythology. See also specific names of gods and goddesses
gendercide, 2
gender discrimination in, 1, 6, 7, 37–38
military service, 1
offense of gods/goddesses themes, 51–52, 113
Gresham, Zane, 143
Hades, 79
“happily ever after,” 116
hares, 121
healing, 32–36, 69–73, 141, 159, 213
healthcare, and gender discrimination, 28, 44–45
Hecate, 153, 170–175, 180, 215
Helios, 160
Hera, x–xi, 17, 51, 86, 134, 141
Heroes, Gods, and Monsters of the Greek Myths (Evslin), 2, 47
Hestia, 119, 134, 137–141, 151–152
Hippomenes, 9–11, 99–109, 112–113
homoeroticism, 162
honor killings, 25
Htun, Mala, 194
The Hunger Games (Collins), 31–32, 122
Hyperion, 160
I Ching, 85
Iliad (Homer), 44
illness, 32–35, 78–79, 84, 94–95, 193
imagination, xi–xii, 21–22, 145
independence, 64, 107, 119, 120, 189
Inquisition, 155
inquisiveness, 124
In the Body of the World (Ensler), 201
Into the Woods (musical), 116
intuition, 171
Invisible War, The (documentary film), 82
James, E. L., xii
James, Vanessa, 197
Japanese internment camps, 129
Jason and the Argonauts, 1, 43–44, 57
Jung, Carl, 25–26, 48, 67, 77, 111, 170, 178
Katniss Everdeen, xii, 31–32, 122
Keats, John, 166
Keller, Helen, 220
Keltner, Dacher, 210
Kempusch, Natascha, 132
Kennedy family dynamics, 41
Klugman, Jeni, 28
Kurgans, 24
Kuscsik, Nina, 97
Lean In (Sandberg), 116–117, 150–151
LeShan, Lawrence, 193
Liberation of Persephone, The (website), 79
life phases of women. See also transition(s)
first (maiden), 11, 153, 155, 173
goddess-worshipping societies and, 155
moon phases as reflections of, 153
second (full woman/mother), 155, 158–159, 173
third (crone), 138, 139–141, 155, 173, 175, 179–180, 202
life's journey, 127–130, 185–187
Lindgren, Astrid, 124
Ling, Lisa, 95
Little Women (Alcott), xii
“Living Alone Is the New Norm” (Klinenberg), 140
Living with a Wild God (Ehrenreich), xviii
loss, 69–73, 83–86, 146, 176–177
love. See also marriage(s)
Aphrodite archetypes and, 108
awareness and importance of, 102–104
Endymion attractions and obsessive states of, 161–168
mother's expectations of sons, 63–64
solitude and paradoxical synchronicity in, 142–143
virgin goddess archetypes and, 12, 134–135, 136–137, 138
vulnerable goddess archetypes and, 135–136
Luna, 158. See also Selene
maidens (life phase), 11, 153, 155
mandalas, 138
marriage(s)
dissatisfaction with, 105
and Endymion attractions, 162, 163
goddesses associated with, 134, 141
Greek mythology on, 9–11, 94, 98, 109, 113, 120
in patriarchal societies, 25, 46, 109–111, 120
patriarchal vs. egalitarian, 163
post-happily ever after of, 116
solitude and paradoxical synchronicity of, 142–143
woman's choices on, 120, 125, 135
Meleager
Atalanta relationship with, 4–5, 47–50
Calydon boar mythology, 6–8, 62–63, 67–68
father's relationship and influence, 42–44, 46
footrace memories of, 10, 100, 103
gender and expectations imposed on, 39
mother's relationship and influence, 44, 45–46, 63–64
men
abusive, 37–38, 52–53, 201–202, 209
anima (feminine) psyche of, 111–112
egalitarian attitudes, 110, 163, 196
as father figures and role models, 30–32, 189–190
military service and sexual assault, 81–83
mother's relationship with, 44–47, 63–66
rage and entitlement of, 54
same-sex attractions, 162
menstruation, 155
mermaids, 136
midwives, ix, 16–17, 154–155, 171
Millennium series (Larsson), 126
Miller, Alice, 45
Millionth Circle initiative, 178, 194
monkeys, as surrogate parents, 23, 197–198, 200–201
moon, 21, 153, 155. See also moon goddesses
moon goddesses, xviii, 21, 100, 121, 153, 219–220. See also Artemis; Hecate; Selene
mother bears, 13–15, 17–18, 25–26, 33–36, 121, 126
motherhood
animals as role models for, 13–15
Artemis archetype and, 135
decisions regarding, 104–106, 120, 135
Greek mythology themes of, 37–38
as humility and sacrifice, 147
maternal care and infant survival, 44–45
one-in-herself vs., 147
Mother Nature/Mother Earth (Gaia), 17–18, 37–38, 60, 160
mothers
goddesses associated with, 134
indomitable spirit support vs. suppression, 189–190
relationship with sons, 44–47, 63–66, 68
responsibility and blame for children, 22–23
Murray, W. H., 200
My Story (Smart), 132
Native American cultures, 179–180
nature
activism protecting, 60–62, 72, 126
Artemis archetype and, 16, 21, 73–77, 76
outdoor challenges, xvi–xvii, 16, 73–77, 175
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 133
Nyad, Diana, xvi
nymphs, 122
Odyssey, The (Homer), 174
O'Keeffe, Georgia, 89
Oliver, Mary, 70
One Billion Rising, 26, 201, 206
one-in-herself
fullness and maturity as, 158–159
as intimacy and vulnerability obstacle, 145
marriage/motherhood and, 120, 147
for non-victim survival, 132
as virgin goddess characteristic, xviii, 119
opportunity from loss, 84
opposites, attraction of, 112
parents
abusive, 52–53, 201–202, 208–212
children neglected by, 18, 21, 44–45
expectations imposed on children by, 39–42, 50
father figures as role models, 30–32
patriarchal roles and expectations of, 109
son's love choices and judgment of, 63–64
support or suppression of spirit, 189–190
women as mother bears, 17–18, 25–26
Paris, 157
Parmar, Pratibha, 30
patriarchy
Athena archetypes and, 149–150
attractions, view of, 162, 163
authenticity suppression and, 189
boys and grief expression, 73
decision-making roles in, 157
description, 24
gender discrimination, 211
in Greek culture and mythology, 23–24, 25, 46, 53
marriage conventions, 25, 46–47, 94, 109–111
obedience requirements, xiv, 97–98
Peleus, 58
“Perpetual Migration, The” (Piercy), 185, 217
Persephone, 38, 79, 84, 86–87, 134, 172, 173
persona marriages, 113
personas, 191
Pippi Longstocking, 124
Pluto, 107
Poseidon, 51
Princess Merida, 125
Providence, 200
punishment, 52–53, 113, 125–126, 144
racism, 127, 129–130, 209, 211
rape
as family dishonor, 25
goddesses as protectors from, 1, 17, 122, 130
international statistics, 130
non-victim response to, 130–134
Reason in Common Sense (Santayana), 71
refugees, internally displaced, 129–130
rejection, 79–81, 90, 136, 145. See also abandonment
religions, matriarchal vs. patriarchal, 153–155
remorsefulness, 59
Ring Cycle (Wagner), 41
romance, 49
Roman mythology, 107, 121, 158
Rumi, 166
Sandberg, Sheryl, 116–117, 150–151
Santayana, George, 71
“Sarah Palin, Mama Grizzlies, Carl Jung, and the Power of Archetypes” (Huffington), 25
Schulz, Connie, 124
self-determination, 127–129, 187, 188
Send Word, Bear Mother (film), 32–35
seventh generation principles, 179
sexual attraction, 162
Smith, Patricia, 196
snakes, 171
Sondheim, Stephen, 116
Steinem, Gloria, 18–19, 20, 47, 110, 149, 206–207
Stevens, Onnolee “Onzie,” 175–176, 178–179
suicide, 19
support, 172
Switzer, Kathrine, 97
Talbot, Margaret, 132
Tao of Psychology, The (Bolen), 21, 77
Terence, 107
Teresa of Avila, 166
Theia/Thea, 160
Theogony (Hesiod), 159
Thomas, Marlo, xiii, 114, 119–120, 143, 183, 192
Thousand Sisters, A (Shannon), 96
“Three Cheers for Pippi!” (Schulz), 124
Tiresias, 174
transition(s)
of Atalanta, 8, 72, 79, 87, 89, 90
crisis and, 84
goddesses associated with, 171–172
wilderness metaphors for, 69–76, 83–91
women's life stages in, 152
trees and tree huggers, 60–62, 72, 126
Trinity, 154
Triple Goddess (Great Mother), 45, 60, 153–155
Trojan War, 157
underworld mythology, 84–85, 107, 173–174
Unspoken Hunger, An (Williams), 36–37
“unwanted” girls' name translations, 27
Vagina Monologues, The (Ensler), 202, 206
victimization, 19, 28, 130–133
violence against women. See also rape
education activism and, 203–205, 207
non-victim response to, 130–134
Violence Against Women Act, 17
virgin goddesses. See also Artemis; Athena; Hestia
archetypal characteristics of, xviii, 107, 119, 134, 148–152 (see also Artemis archetype)
as non-victims, 130
virginity, xiv, 1, 25, 29–30, 122
Virgin Mary, 154
virgins, psychological, 119, 120, 132
vulnerability
Artemis' response to, 147
exposure of, as act of courage, 90
obstacles to, 145
revelation and victimization, 19
shadow aspects overcome by, 144, 145
survival tactics and hidden, 18–19, 209–210
vulnerable goddesses, 86, 107, 135–136. See also Demeter; Hera; Persephone
Waal, Frans de, 200
Wagner, Richard, 41
Walker, Alice, 30
Warrior Marks (Walker and Parmar), 30
Weldon, S. Laurel, 194
wilderness, 8, 69–76, 79, 83–91
“Wild Geese” (Oliver), 70
William, Prince of England, 40
Williams, Terry Tempest, 36–37
“wind under her wings,” 77
Winnicott, Donald W., 22
wisdom, 149, 155, 172, 173–175
Woman's Mysteries (Harding), 120, 136
women. See also gender discrimination; girls; rape
animus (male aspect) of, 111–112
domestic violence statistics, 52, 53
goddess-worshipping societies and status of, 154–155
patriarchal roles and expectations of, xiv, 37–38, 46–47, 97–98, 109–110, 163
pre-feminist era roles, 176–177
as wartime collateral damage, 24, 28, 95
Women in the Congo, 95
Women's Movement, xiv, 32, 47, 148–149, 176, 193–194
Women's Suffrage Movement, xiv
Women to Women International, 95
Wonder Woman, 124
World Conference on Women, xiv, 17, 150, 193
Xena the Warrior Princess, 125
Yeats, William Butler, 12
Yousafzai, Malala, 203–205, 207–208
Zeus
Endymion myth, 160
footrace prayers to, 10
genealogy and family, 16–17, 38, 122–123, 137
opera characters comparisons, 41