Abbreviations
AAE – Archives du Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Paris
AN – Archives Nationales, Paris
APP – Archives de la Préfecture de Police, Paris
BdS – Bertier de Sauvigny
CP – Correspondance Politique
HHSA – Hof- Haus- und StaatsArchiv
HHStAW – Hessischesches Haupstaatsarchiv, Wiesbaden
HStAD – Hessisches Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt
HStAS – Landesarchive Baden-Württember, Hauptstaatsarchiv, Stuttgart
MD – Mémoires et Documents
MM – Metternich, Mémoires
ÖStA, AVA – Österreichische StaatsArchiv, Allgemeine Verwaltungsarchiv, Vienna
PHSt – Polizeihofstelle
PRONI – Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast
TNA – The National Archives, Kew
Chapter 1: Exorcism
1. Maistre, Lettres et opuscules, I/274
2. Noailles, I/143; Cockburn, 11, 19; Shorter, 60
3. Cockburn, 5; Garros, 483
4. Le Camp de Vertus, 20–1
5. Edgcumbe, 151ff, 157
6. Zorin, 306–7, 312–13, 316, 321; Empaytaz, 40; Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii, 264–6; Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, III/341–2; Krüdener, 5, 10
7. Empaytaz, 41; Angeberg, 1547–9; Zorin, 299
8. Droz, 217; Rudé, Revolutionary Europe, 285
9. Rey, 54–7
10. Rey, 53, 61
11. Rey, 104
12. Ley, 62
13. Ley, 100, 103, 139, 229; Zorin, 306–7
Chapter 2: Fear
1. Fox, II/361
2. Ségur, III/508; Rey, 86
3. Romilly, I/272
4. Schenk, 73
5. Fairchild, 50; Wollstonecraft, VI/140; Wordsworth, Prelude
6. Wangermann, 46; Zamoyski, Holy Madness, 75
7. Gooch, 317; Burke, Letters, VI/459; Cleves, 59
8. Maistre, Soirées, I/269, 329; Maistre, Considérations, 65, 69
9. Bonald, Oeuvres, I/1–4
10. Essai, 50–67
11. Ziolkowski, 69–74, 84; Wilson, in Bahr & Saine, 33–4
12. Roberts, 168; Rogalla von Bieberstein, 18–155
13. Barruel, I/39, 42
14. Barruel, II/33
15. Barruel, II/39–41, I/43, II/519, 524–5
16. Grenby, 66
17. Broers, Napoleon’s Other War, 20
18. Barruel, II/527
Chapter 3: Contagion
1. La Mare, I/268
2. Cobb, The Police and the People, 22; Manuel, II/299ff, 312–13
3. See Birn, Darnton
4. Emsley, Policing, 1; Manuel, I/292, II/86
5. Cobb, The Police and the People, 14
6. Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 233
7. Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 234
8. Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 235–7, 271; Gebhardt, 60–1
9. Hughes, 12–13
10. Armitage; Archer, 58–9; Colquhoun, III/9–10, 316–17
11. Wangermann, 40; Repercusiones, 125, 123; Aris, 62
12. Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 257
13. Wangermann, 62; ÖStA, AVA, Pergen Akten, Karton 13; Karton 15, konvolut 1; Wegert, 42ff
14. Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 262–3, 266–7
15. Roider, 118–9
16. Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 278
17. Bernard, 180–1
18. Wangermann, 118
19. Wangermann, 122–6
20. Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 285–9; Wangermann, 127
21. Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 270–1, 297; Wangermann, 173–4
22. Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 274–7
23. Brauer, 5–7; Wangermann, 142–3
24. Roider, 86, 141
25. Miles, II/345; Nicolson, 87
Chapter 4: War on Terror
1. Polovtsov, Gertsog, 125; Roider, 129
2. Zamoyski, Holy Madness, 91
3. Roider, 150; ÖStA, AVA, Pergen Akten, Karton 15, konvolut 7
4. Bernard, 201; Wangermann, 171–2
5. Bernard, 201, 211; Brauer, 9; Wangermann, 128ff, 133–52, 156–9
6. Wangermann, 170; Brauer, 6
7. Wangermann, 171–2
8. Haag, in Brauer, 112–13
9. TNA, TS 24/1/9, 952; 11/95
10. Mori, Pitt, 86, 90–1
11. Burke, Reflections, 86, 131, 173, 166; Mori, Britain in the Age of the French Revolution, 40; Brown, P.A., 77
12. Brown, P.A., 80–1; Archer, 60–1
13. Cobbett, The Parliamentary History, 826
14. Burke, Letters, VII/489, VI/211, 218, VII/177, VI/81–3, 100, 451, VII/119, 170, 229, 260, 357, 489
15. Romilly, I/351, 349
16. Emsley, Repression, 802–3; Brown, 83, 94; Stevenson, Popular Disturbances, 178
17. Brown, P.A., 168, 171; Emsley, Insurrection, 68–77; Mori, Pitt, 128
18. Mori, Pitt, 176, 123
19. Hilton, 62; Emsley, Insurrection, 85
20. Hilton, 65; Sparrow
21. Sparrow
22. Brown, P.A., 67
23. Stevenson, Popular Disturbances, 178, 41
24. Brown, P.A., 133–4
25. Brown, P.A., 138–9, 62: TNA, TS 952–7
26. Emsley, Britain, 32; Brown, P.A., 137, 142–6; Stevenson, Popular Disturbances, 160–7; Emsley, Britain, 38; Mori, Pitt, 180
27. Second Report from the Committee of Secrecy of the House of Commons, 1794, 2; Brown, P.A., 142–6, 135–6
28. Mori, Pitt, 191–2, 241; Hansard, XXXI/502; TNA, TS 24/1/9, p.5
29. First Report from the Committee of Secrecy of the House of Commons, 1794
30. Second Report from the Committee of Secrecy of the House of Commons, 1794, 13
31. Second Report from the Committee of Secrecy of the House of Commons, 1794, 6–7
32. Second Report from the Committee of Secrecy of the House of Commons, 1794, 72
33. Brown, P.A., 118, 141
34. Mori, Pitt, 242; Brown, P.A., 125–6
35. Emsley, The Home Office, 552
36. Brown, P.A., 136, 126–9; TNA, TS 24/1/9, 4; TS 952, 14; TS 11/951, no. 3
Chapter 5: Government by Alarm
1. Thale, xxiv; Mori, Pitt, 250; Harrison, 4
2. Emsley, Repression, 804
3. Mori, Pitt, 226, 261, 275–6; Sparrow; Stevenson, Popular Disturbances, 183–4
4. Stevenson, Popular Disturbances, 186; Chorley, 131–3
5. Brown, P.A., 146; Royle, 27
6. Burke, Letters, VIII/93, 131, 242, 245, passim
7. Stewart, 25
8. Royle, 31; McCalman, 10
9. Report from the Committee of Secrecy of the House of Lords in Ireland, 1798, 7
10. Hilton, 81; Stewart
11. Report from the Committee of Secrecy of the House of Commons in Ireland, 1798, 6
12. Report of the Committee of Secrecy of the House of Commons, 1799, xli
13. Thale, xxiv
14. Hone, For the Cause of Truth, 60–1, 78
15. Emsley, Britain, 37; Brown, P.A., 154–5
16. Johnston, 162, 19, 113, 36–7
17. See Beaurepaire
18. Brown, P.A., 168, 171; Moylan, 18–21, 3–5
19. Burke, Works, VIII/214–15, 256, 185–7, 188
20. Burke, Works, VIII/141, IX/110
21. Burke, Works, IX/103–5, 109, 110, 118ff
22. Archer, 62–4; Stevenson, Popular Disturbances, 313
23. Cleves, 86–9, passim; Cobbett, Peter Porcupine, 18–20, 99, 241, 256
24. Wilson, 15–16
25. Wilson, 255, 16, 57ff
26. McCalman, 60
27. Grenby, 41, 57
28. Grenby, 67–9, 90, 115; Wallace, 189, 223
29. De Quincey; TNA, TS 11/285; Gilmartin, in Clemit, 140; Burke, Letters, VIII/254; Payson; Playfair; Jacobinism Displayed; Gilmartin, in Clemit, 140, 142; Reith, 105
30. Burke, Letters, VII/387, 552–3
31. Worral, 53; TNA, TS 11/122/333, HO 42/66
32. Hilton, 100–1
Chapter 6: Order
1. Cobb, The Police and the People, 50
2. Cobb, The Police and the People, 50–1
3. Cobb, Reactions, 79, 44
4. Cobb, Reactions, 41
5. Cobb, Reactions, 69, 75, 65–6
6. Lignereux, 13, 23, 97–8; Broers & Guimera, 52–3
7. Hauterive, Napoléon et sa Police, 43, 46, 48; Castanié, 26–7
8. Fouché, I/79, 320, 323; Aubouin, 286
9. Vaillé, 213, 231, 244
10. Aubouin, 286; Canler, 73
11. Fouché, II/8, I/411
12. The Annual Register 1844, 450
13. Darvall, 19–21, 54
14. Alison, III/21–2
15. Darvall, 64–5, 76–80
16. Hansard, XXIII, 1035
17. Wordsworth, 148
18. Pellew, III/84; White, 116, 119
19. Hansard, XXIII, 953–4, 1029–37; Palmer, 178; Darvall, 260
20. White, 99, 118
21. White, 118; Pellew, III/87–8, 94–5
22. Fraser, 13
23. Schenk, 122
Chapter 7: Peace
1. Mazour, 15; Sked, Metternich, 120
2. Pellew, III/132
3. Polovtsov, Gertsog, 370ff, 379
4. Montlosier, III/1
5. Boigne, II/5, 82; Romilly, II/390–1; Maistre, Correspondance diplomatique, II/193, 348
6. Maistre, Corrrespondance diplomatique, II/116
7. Uvarov, L’Empereur Alexandre, 37; Talleyrand, III/217
8. Broglie, I/262
9. Maistre, Lettres & opuscules, I/261; Maistre, Correspondance Diplomatique, II/92; Villèle, I/239, passim
10. Maistre, Correspondance diplomatique, II/351–2
11. Sturdza, 15; Bonald, I/4
12. Bonald, II/517
Chapter 8: A Hundred Days
1. Wilson, 14–15
2. Boigne, II/34–5; Vaillé, 349–50; Zamoyski, Rites of Peace, 449–51
3. Polovtsov, Correspondance, I/155; Marmont, VII/87, 92
4. Broglie, I/295, 297
5. Alexander, R.S., 84–5
6. Waresquiel, Talleyrand, 491
7. Alexander, R.S., 222–7
8. Castellane, I/309; Marmont, VII/200
9. Marmont, VII/188; Broglie, I/331; Noailles, II/68–82; Boigne, II/134–5
10. Marmont, VII/193ff
11. Polovtsov, Correspondance, I/77
12. Chevalier, 225; Polovtsov, Correspondance, I/367, 377, 379, 382; Richelieu, 4
13. Waresquiel, Richelieu, 265
14. Mémoires d’une femme de qualité, II/47
15. Polovtsov, Gertsog, 461, 466
16. Pasquier, IV/99; Polovtsov, Correspondance, I/364
Chapter 9: Intelligence
1. Castlereagh, XI/232, 230–1
2. Castlereagh, XI/223–4
3. Langeron, 63
4. Castanié, 1; Fouché, I/200
5. Daudet, Police Politique, 246; Mémoires d’une femme de qualité, III/311–13
6. Daudet, Police Politique, 152, 156
7. Boigne, II/200–1
8. Daudet, Police Politique, 173
9. AN, F/7/3028, 3029, 9762, 9763, 9764, 3838; Hazareesingh, 97–8
10. AN, F/7/6727; Hazareesingh, 124, 131; Merriman, 33; Lignereux, 100
11. AN, F/7/3824; Lignereux, 100–1, 109
12. Vidocq, III/355–6
13. Villèle, II/215; Merriman, 33
14. Aubouin, 312; Peuchet, VI/63–5; Daudet, Police Politique, 2–3; Froment, I/35; Spitzer, 64–5; Peuchet, V/312, VI/61–3, 178
15. Peuchet, VI/65–7
16. Peuchet, V/328–33
17. Ploux, 131–3; Hazareesingh, 47
18. AN, F/7/3054, 9908; Hazareesingh, 45–7, 50, 60–2
19. Hazareesingh, 542, 54–5, 57–8; AN, F/7/6668, 6816
20. Hazareesingh, 45; Peuchet, VI/143
21. AN, F/7/3029; Hazareesingh, 84–5, 87, 147
22. Daudet, Police Politique, 103, 113; Carte Segrete, I/226; BdS, Metternich et Decazes, 66
23. Daudet, Police Politique, 118–22
24. Daudet, Police Politique, 136
25. Daudet, Police Politique, 138, 142; AN, F/7/3029, 6668
26. Richelieu, 46, 148, 152
27. Richelieu, 133–4, 62, 149, 183; Castlereagh, XI/381, XII/240–1
28. Richelieu, 186; Benhamou, 146
29. Richelieu, 46, 151, 189, 190, 195, 223–4; Montchenu, 49, 125–6; Stürmer
30. Guillon, 43; APP, AA/328–9, 333, 340; Spitzer, 23
31. Berton, 27, 29–30
32. Raisson, 292–5
33. Froment, II/146–7, 174, 376, 390, 392; Peuchet, IV/335–6; Guizot, Des Conspirations, 62, 56–7; Raisson, 243, 246
34. Richelieu, 9, 36; Polovtsov, Correspondance Diplomatique, I/398; Guillon, 85; Ducoin; Pasquier, IV/111–14
35. APP, AA/333; AN, F/7/6816; Richelieu, 30–1, 33
36. AN, F/7/6667; Guillon, 82–3; Canler, 111; Grasilier, Un Secretaire, 24
37. Polovtsov, Gertsog, 490; Richelieu, 109
38. Guillon, 91, 102
39. Guillon, 95ff; Marmont, VII/233–43; APP, AA/340
40. Pozzo di Borgo, III/253; Wellington, Supplementary Despatches, XII/271–92, 302–3, 329–30, 601; AAE, 7 MD Angleterre/61, no. 24; APP, AA/342; Noailles, III/240; AN F/7/3839
41. Guillon, 99–103; AN, F/7/3054; Noailles, III/289–97, 302–3, 316; Langeron, 181; Polovtsov, Correspondance Diplomatique, I/747; Wellington, Supplementary Despatches, XII/600
42. Peuchet, VI/108–24, 177–8; Noailles, III/115; Pasquier, IV/172–82
43. Wellington, Supplementary Despatches, XII/380, 397, 213
Chapter 10: British Bogies
1. Wellington, Supplementary Despatches, XI/561; Alison, III/50–2
2. Southey, IV/145, 147, 210
3. Martineau, The History of England, I/243
4. Pellew, III/148
5. Hunt, Henry, III/348ff, 344, 366ff; Martineau, The History of England, I/53; TNA, TS 11/204, 11/197, 11/203, 3; Bamford, 25; Gronow, 198–9, who commanded a company of Guards at the Spa Fields meeting of 15 November, considered it ‘a most dangerous period’ and thought the speeches could not have been ‘more violent and treasonable’
6. Pellew, III/165–6; White, 97
7. Hunt, Henry, III/429
8. The Annual Register 1817, 5–12
9. The Annual Register 1817, 13–18
10. The Annual Register 1817, 10, 17–19
11. TNA, TS 11/204, 3, 11/199, 11/198
12. The Annual Register 1817, 14; TNA, TS 11/204, 3, 11/203, 2
13. TNA, TS 11/203
14. Pellew, III/169–77
15. The Annual Register 1817, 25–6; Hansard, XXXV, 547, 553, 554, 561, 573, 582–3; Bartlett, 183
16. TNA, TS 11/197; Romilly, II/460
17. Thomis, 51–8; White, 166; Bamford, 156–8
18. Bartlett, 186; Wallas, 121
19. Wallas, 120; White, 146; Hunt, Henry, III/366ff, 480; Porter, 49–50; McCalman, 110; Hazlitt, IV/194
20. Bamford, 37, 43, 77; Wallas, 122; White, 150–1; Marlow, 64; An Exposure of the Spy System
21. Martineau, The History of England, I/345; Brown, 172–3; Pellew, III/212–13, 217, 185–96, 211; Romilly, II/483–4
22. Thomis, 47–8
23. McCalman, 108–110; Martineau, I/53; TNA, TS 11/198; PRONI, D3030/5310; Wellington, Supplementary Despatches, XI/696
24. McCalman, 109; TNA, TS 11/202; Hilton, 28
25. Bamford, I/120ff
Chapter 11: Moral Order
1. Bibl, Metternich. Der Dämon, 47; Polovtsov, Gertsog, 121–6
2. Metternich, Lettres, 172
3. Schenk, 10
4. Stokes, in Brauer, 69, 75–6, 79–82
5. Reinerman, Austria and the Papacy, I/108ff
6. Rath, The Provisional Austrian Regime, 23–6, 74; Sked, Metternich and Austria, 186–8
7. Keates, 28
8. Rath, The Provisional Austrian Regime, 190–9
9. Reinerman, Austria and the Papacy, I/31–2
10. Rath, The Provisional Austrian Regime, 273–315
11. Carte Segrete, I/129, 74–150; Rath, The Provisional Austrian Regime, 222
12. Rath, The Provisional Austrian Regime, 225; for the secret societies in general, see also: Derek Beales, The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy, London 1971; René Albrecht-Carrie, Italy from Napoleon to Mussolini, New York 1950; John Rath, ‘The Carbonari’, in The American Historical Review, vol. 69, No. 2, January 1964; Renato Soriga, Le Società Segrete, l’emigrazione politica e i primi moti per l’independenza, Modena 1942; Memoirs of the Secret Societies of the South of Italy, particularly the Carbonari, London 1821; J.M. Roberts, The Mythology of the Secret Societies, London 1972; Carlo Francovich, ‘L’Azione rivoluzionaria risorgimentale e i movimenti della nazionalità, in Europa prima del 1848’, in Nuove Questioni della Storia del Risorgimento e dell’Unita d’Italia, Milan 1961, vol. I
13. MM, III/27; BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 118
14. Bew, 430; Webster, 184
15. MM, III/88–94; Bibl, Metternich. Der Dämon, 219
16. Emerson, 62, 64, 69; Carte Segrete, I/49–50
17. Carte Segrete, I/179; ÖStA, AVA, Inneres, Polizei, PHst 3606, 824, 1084
18. Rath, The Provisional Austrian Regime, 230–5
19. Bew, 499
20. Consalvi, 128–9, 139; Emerson, 61
21. Hughes, 40–1; Carte Segrete, I/165
22. Hughes, 45, 47, 78
23. Hughes, 57
24. La Harpe, III/253–4; Beyle, Rome, Naples et Florence, 154; Shelley, I/200; Herzen, II/641
25. Origo, 103
26. Origo, 104–7
1. Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, I/141
2. Rey, 405; Benckendorff, Vospominania, 269; Borovkov, 353
3. Zorin, 250–3
4. Ley, 167–72; Webster, 97; Rey, 428–9; Webster, 65, 88, 93, 96–7
5. MM, III/54; Rey, 381; Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/173
6. Rey, 403–4; Gentz, Dépèches, I/380
7. Ley, 203, 242; Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, II/224; MM, III/51–3
8. Ley, 197–8
9. Webster, 409, 419, 423, 424; Srbik, I/569–70
10. Lebzeltern, 359–60
11. Nicholas Mihkailovich, Doniesienia, 34; Polovtsov, Correspondance, I/475, 546, 222, II/95, 102; AN, F7/6667; Wellington, Supplementary Despatches, XI/632; PRONI, D3030/5310
12. Polovtsov, Correspondance, II/155, also I/405–8, 512, 385; Pozzo di Borgo, II/47, also 48–9, 64–5, 446–53
13. Polovtsov, Correspondance, II/772; Pozzo di Borgo, II/429; BdS, Metternich et la France, I/71–2, 74, 114–16; BdS, Metternich et Decazes, 63, 67–70, 73, 75; Boigne, II/353, 371; Pasquier, IV/220; Polovtsov, Correspondance, II/650; Waresquiel, Richelieu, 529
14. Schenk, 123–4; Srbik, I/573; Emerson, 39; Wellington, Supplementary Despatches, XII/261
15. Webster, 55, 143, 124; Bew, 451, 455–6; Lebzeltern, 369–71; BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 135–7; HHSA, Gesandschaft Archiv, St Petersburg, 073
16. MM, III/124–5
17. MM, III/127
18. Bew, 453
19. Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/111, 114–15, 118, 120; Nicholas Mikhailovich, Doniesienia, 29, 34; Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, I/200; Lebzeltern, 373
20. Webster, 151, 157
21. Webster, 142–3, 170
22. MM, III/175, 174
23. Sweet, 217–19
24. Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/124; AN F/7/6667
25. Metternich, Lettres, 17; Lieven, Kniaginia, 37
26. Metternich, Lettres, 11, 13, 19–20, 17
27. Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/124; Dubrovin, Bumagi, 433, 500–1; Wellington, Supplementary Despatches, XII/829, 832–4
28. Metternich, Lettres, 21–2, 23, 36
29. Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/129
30. Srbik, I/569–70, 573, 584
Chapter 13: Teutomania
1. Metternich, Lettres, 39, 43–50, 59–60, 63–6, 78–9, 88–90
2. Langeron, 166
3. Webster, 200; Wellington, Despatches, I/2, 7–8; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/304
4. BdS, Metternich et la France, I/223
5. BdS, Metternich et la France, I/226–7
6. Nesselrode, VI/37, 29
7. Siemann, 180; Baack, 30, 58–60
8. Clark, The Wars of Liberation, 559
9. Mann, 220, 246
10. Hippler, 196ff; Clark, The Wars of Liberation; Castlereagh, XI/106; Pozzo di Borgo, I/219–23, see also 229, 234, 236, 249; Nicholas Mikhailovich, Doniesienia, 1–5
11. Mann, 266
12. Simon, 120
13. Branig, Fürst Wittgenstein, 69
14. Obenaus, 91–7
15. Obenaus, 97–101; Hüber, 148
16. Obenaus, 93–4; Branig, Fürst Wittgenstein, 69; Hüber, 148; Siemann, 67
17. Obenaus, 103; Branig, Fürst Wittgenstein, 72; Siemann, 68; HHSA, Staatskanzlei Notenwechechsel mit der Polizeihofstelle, 56
18. Simon, 121
19. Branig, Fürst Wittgenstein, 8
20. Branig, Fürst Wittgenstein, 67, 73; Siemann, 68; Obenaus, 122–3
21. Obenaus, 107
22. Branig, Fürst Wittgenstein, 103–4; Obenaus, 108; Schenk, 124
23. Simon, 135; Obenaus, 122
24. HHSA, Gesandschaft Archiv, St Petersburg, 073; BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 161; Emerson, 114
25. Sturdza, 40–1, 65–6
26. Görres, 173; Gagern, 61–4; Turgenev, I/521;
Chapter 14: Suicide Terrorists
1. Williamson
2. MM, III/232–5
3. Metternich, Lettres, 301; MM, III/235
4. Sweet, 220; Gentz, Briefe, III/1/387; Baack, 57; MM, III/228, 185ff, 262
5. Clark, Iron Kingdom, 401; Levinger, 142
6. Lombard de Langres, v, ix, xi; HHStAW, Abt. 210: 1255, no 50, Abt. 211, Nr. 13679, Abt. 12553, Abt. 3541, Nr. 5.6
7. Lombard de Langres, 30, 40, 174, 254
8. Lombard de Langres, 44, 227
9. Wellington, Despatches, I/55, 59; Nesselrode, VI/43, 48, 54, 62, 79–80
10. Wellington, Despatches, I/56, 60–2, 66; BdS, Metternich et Decazes, 83; Polovtsov, Diplomaticheskie snoshenia, 183
11. BdS, Metternich et la France, I/227ff
12. BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 153; MM, III/253; Zimmermann, 259–60
13. Metternich, Lettres, 315; MM, III/224, 225
14. MM, III/270, 271–5; HHSA, Gesandschaft Archiv, St Petersburg, 073; Baack, 65
15. Marlow, 66; Webster, 498
16. White, 179; McCalman, 140–2
17. Marlow, 92; Bamford, 180–1; AAE, 8CP Angleterre, 612, No. 97, 186
18. Marlow, 93; Bamford, 183, 186
19. Marlow, 101–2
20. White, 182; Marlow, 118
21. Hunt, Henry, III/613; Read, 81, 135
22. Bamford, 205–13, 220–5; Pellew, III/253–61; Marlow, 118–52
23. Read, 141–2
24. Edgcumbe, 68; Pellew, III/278
25. Pellew, III/270–1, 298
26. Wellington, Despatches, I/76, 80–1
27. Woodward, 63; Marlow, 154
28. Martineau, History of England, I/239; Wellington, Despatches, I/87
29. Moylan, 97, 99
30. Thomis, 66, 75; An Exposure of the Spy System; Berry, III/190
31. MM, III/226; Schenk, 99
32. Baack, 65
33. HStAS, Bestand E 65, 1
34. MM, III/295–6; HHStAW, Abt. 211/7995; Büssem
35. Branig, Briefwechsel, 132; Emerson, 128; Liang, 19–20; Legge, 41; Hoffmann, 276–83
36. Branig, Briefwechsel, 132; Siemann, 187; Hüber, 150; Obenaus, 111, 113–14, 125
37. Legge, 42; Siemann, 78
38. Schenk, 91–2; La Harpe, III/373, 423
39. Legge, 52; Gentz, Briefe, III/1/482; Schenk, 99–100; Büssem, 356; Gagern, 64–6
40. Bartlett,215; Webster, 190–2; BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 163; Metternich et Decazes, 101
41. Gentz, Dépèches, I/421; MM, III/263
42. Nicholas Mikhailovich, Doniesienia, 59, 61, 63; Gentz, Dépèches, I/432–3; Lebzeltern, 374–83
Chapter 15: Corrosion
1. Wellington, Despatches, I/100; Gentz, Dépèches, I/19–20; Pasquier, IV/378
2. Lamartine, V/265; AN, F/7/3839
3. Mémoires d’une femme de qualité, III/411; Ploux, 36–43
4. APP, AA/343, 346; Boigne, III/42–3; Conjuration Permanente; Histoire complète; Guizot, Des Conspirations; L’Homme de Gibeaux
5. MM. III/335; Nicholas Mikhailovich, Doniesienia, 219; L’Empereur Alexandre, II/285, 300; Polovtsov, Correspondance, III/328; Wellington, Despatches, I/99–100; HHSA Gesandschaft Archiv, St Petersburg, 011
6. The Annual Register 1820, 1; Aylmer, 19
7. Porter, Plots, 58; Aylmer, 58, 48; TNA, TS 11/204; Martineau, History of England, I/244
8. Reith, 207; Hone, For the Cause of Truth, 306, 325, 340; Wellington, Despatches, I/106; Neumann, 18–19; McCalman, 139; TNA, HO 41/6, 41/26
9. Hone, For the Cause of Truth, 302; TNA, HO, 40/11, 41/6, 41/26, 16–17; Marlow, 158–60
10. Canler, 240–2; Pasquier, V/95
11. Wellington, Despatches, I/101, 107–8, 112; Polovtsov, Correspondance, III/330, 354ff, 346
12. BdS, Metternich et la France, II/307; Nicholas Mikhailovich, Doniesienia, 220–1, 225, 307–8; Gentz, Dépèches, II/54
13. Pasquier, IV/499; Polovtsov, Correspondance, III/330; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/306; Nicholas Mikhailovich, Doniesienia, 228; Webster, 235; see also TNA, FO 92/44; Wellington, Despatches, I/117
14. BdS, Metternich et la France, II/305
15. Polovtsov, Correspondance, III/384
16. Roy
17. Noailles, IV/354; Barante, II/438–9; Spitzer, 45, 55; Polovtsov, Correspondance, III/390ff
18. Lieven, Letters, 48
19. Wellington, Despatches, I/127, see also 141, 144–5, 146; Robins, 125–8; Greville, I/32; Palmer, 172; Lebzeltern, 389
20. Robins, 165, 236, 182–3; Hone, For the Cause of Truth, 318; Wellington, Despatches, I/144ff
21. MM, III/254
22. Webster, 260; Gentz, Dépèches, II/68–9
23. Gentz, Dépèches, II/68–9; Romani, 6
24. Castlereagh, XII/284; Origo, 203; Pasquier, IV/526; Webster, 263
25. Gentz, Dépèches, II/70; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/317, 324
26. Schroeder, 38–9
27. Schroeder, 39
28. Siemann, 81–2; Weber, 82
29. MM, III/407, 435–6; AAE, 112 CP, Russie, 161, 57; Consalvi, 268; AAE, 33 MD, Naples, 11, 13; 9 MD, Autriche, 46
30. Dubrovin, Bumagi, 472
31. Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/192
32. Consalvi, 33
33. BdS, Metternich et la France, II/318, 330; AAE, 33 MD, Naples, 11
Chapter 16: The Empire of Evil
1. Moriolles, 134–5
2. Mounier, 17–18
3. AN F/7/6676, 6702–3, 6991; APP, AA/353–9
4. Castanié, 288, 291; Mounier, 17–18; Marmont, VII/266–280; Guillon, 115ff; Peuchet, VI/108–24; APP, AA/353; Barante, II/502; Grasilier, Un Secrétaire, 36
5. Dubrovin, Bumagi, 16; Pasquier, IV/534–5; Schroeder, 48; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/361; HHSA, Gesandschaft Archiv, St Petersburg, 075, 10 September 1820
6. Gentz, Dépèches, II/89
7. Grimsted, 254, 272–3; Carte Segrete, I/185ff; Capo d’Istria, 244
8. Capo d’Istria, 251; Castlereagh, XII/301; Consalvi, 289–90
9. Polovtsov, Doniesienia, 548; Lebzeltern, 388
10 Webster, 283; Castlereagh, XII/311ff; Pellew, III/332
11. BdS, Metternich et la France, II/353–6; Webster, 277
12. Polovtsov, Gertsog, 552–3, 560ff
13. MM, III/373; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/417
14. Gentz, Dépèches, II/86; MM, III/373; Nicholas Mikhailovich, Doniesienia, 231
15. Webster, 288
16. Schroeder, 64; Webster, 524
17. Dubrovin, Bumagi, 22,109; Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/527ff; Nicholas I, Pisma, 263–4
18. Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, I/233; Oleinikov, 191; Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, I/2/603; Wellington, Despatches, I/491; Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/186–8; Greville, I/67
19. Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/185, 189
20. Nesselrode, VI/110–11
21. AAE, 112 CP, Russie, 142, 146; HHSA, Gesandschaft Archiv, St Petersburg, 011
22. MM, III/377
23. Polovtsov, Gertsog, 557ff; Grimsted, 248; Webster, 290; Polovtsov, Correspondance, III/493
24. Webster, 299, 303–4
25. Schroeder, 100
26. Schroeder, 77–9
27. BdS, Metternich et la France, II/414–15; Consalvi, 311
28. Consalvi, 326, 330, 335, passim; Capo d’Istria, 261; Lebzeltern, 396–9
29. Gentz, Dépèches, II/116–18; Webster 528
30. Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/191; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/415
31. Dubrovin, Bumagi, 29
32. MM, III/384; Rey, 436; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/393
33. Dubrovin, Bumagi, 34
Chapter 17: Synagogues of Satan
1. BdS, Metternich et la France, II/417
2. Gentz, Dépèches, II/122–3
3. Schroeder, 252
4. Sweet, 233; Polovtsov, Gertsog, 582–3
5. Schroeder, 107
6. Polovtsov, Gertsog, 586
7. Dubrovin, Bumagi, 37, 46; MM, III/451
8. Dubrovin, Bumagi, 43; Polovtsov, Gertsog, 587, 589, 598
9. Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, I/221–30
10. MM, III/460, 494; Polovtsov, Gertsog, 612
11. Baack, 83; Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, I/535
12. Moriolles, 185; Webster, 358, 360
13. Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, I/535–7
14. BdS, Metternich et la France, II/481, 486
15. Consalvi, 378–9, 374; Spadoni, 3, 10, 22–3, 6; Roberts, 332
16. MM, III/463; BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 95
17. Reinerman, Metternich and the Papal Condemnation, 60, 56; MM, III/481–2; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/506
18. MM, III/504–5, 508
19. Polovtsov, Gertsog, 624–6
20. Armitage, 220; Palmer, 173–7
21. Capo d’Istria, 269; Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, II/375; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/512
22. Baack, 83
23. Bignon, 3–4
Chapter 18: Comité Directeur
1. Waresquiel, Richelieu, 409; Hazareesingh, 68
2. Spitzer, 63; Guillon, 129; Guizot, Des Conspirations, 21–2, 24, 28–9; Guizot, Mémoires, I/24; Corcelle, 11
3. Guillon, 144
4. Corcelle, 5, 7–8, 9–12; Rémusat, II/58; AN, F/7/6667, 6684, dossier 5, 6685, 6686; Spitzer, 241; Dumas, I/446; Blanc, I/75ff
5. Guillon, 157ff, 167ff, 177, 192, 212ff
6. Blanc, I/125; Paris Révolutionnaire, I/275
7. Canler, 76; Peuchet, V/308–9
8. Canler, 74–5
9. Grasilier, Un Secrétaire, 35; AN, F/7/6969; Broglie, II/380–1; Froment, III/342–3; BdS, La France et les Français, 143
10. Froment, III/144; Desmarest, lxxff
11. Année, I/224
12. Gisquet, II/33, 34, 36–7
13. Canler, 243
14. Canler, 46, 243–8; Peuchet, V/312; see also Année, III/2–12
15. Année, II/115–21; AN, F/7/12292; APP, AA/333
16. Peuchet, V/356ff; Année, IV/158ff
17. Canler, 49–51
18. Annee, III/289, II/28ff
19. Année, II/117, 84, I/98; Grasilier, Un Secrétaire, 42
20. Grasilier, Un Secrétaire, 8; Desmarest, vii; Spitzer, 70
21. Grasilier, Un Secrétaire, 38
22. Grasilier, Un Secrétaire, 8, 18, 20–2, 27
23. Grasilier, Un Secrétaire, 23–4, 30; APP, AA/328, 329, 340
24. AN, F/7/6684, dossiers 6, 7, 9
25. Guillon, 146; Grasilier, Un Secrétaire, 32, 40–2, 45ff, 27, 34; Année, II/72–4; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/565–6; Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/547; AN, F/7/12292
Chapter 19: The Duke of Texas
1. Webster, 343; Greville, I/67
2. Lebzeltern 422; Nicholas Mikhailovich, Doniesienia, 93, 99, 112–13, 114
3. Schroeder, 200; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/600, 565
4. Webster, 429, 470
5. HHSA, Gesandschaft Archiv, St Petersburg, 013, No. 40, 16 May, 038, 5 June; Webster, 472–3
6. Webster, 541
7. Webster, 484
8. MM, III/556–7; Wellington, Despatches, I/284ff
9. HHSA, Gesandschaft Archiv, St Petersburg, 038, 22 June; MM, III/559
10. Brydges, 110
11. Chateaubriand, Le Congrès de Vérone, 117; Thürheim, III/322–4
12. Wellington, Despatches, I/332, 298
13. Schroeder, 147–8; Wellington, Despatches, I/210–13
14. Schroeder, 155
15. Reinerman, Metternich, Italy and the Congress of Verona, 284
16. Reinerman, Metternich, Italy and the Congress of Verona, 263–81; Austria and the Papacy, 110–11
17. Lieven, Letters, 57
18. Brydges, 127, 120–2; Chateaubriand, Le Congrès de Vérone, 69, 116
19. Metternich, Lettres, 325; Urquhart, 20–7
20. Allen, II/260–1, 278–9, 284, 286; Ley, 297
21. Wellington, Despatches, I/343–8, 457, 491
22. MM, III/615; Keates, 30
23. Schroeder, 232–3; Canning, I/69, 72, 86
24. Spitzer, 197–8; Emsley, Gendarmes, 99; Ploux, 55, 131–3, 180
25. Schroeder, 232–3
26. Corcelle, 12; MM, VII/657
Chapter 20: The Apostolate
1. MM, IV/107, 92; Nicholas Mikhailovich, Doniesienia, 273
2. Nesselrode, 189–91; Obenaus, 115; Wegert; Legge, 40; HStAS, Bestand E 65
3. Obenaus, 116, 112
4. HStAS, Bestand E 65; Obenaus, 116, 120–1; Nicholas Mikhailovich, Doniesienia, 292
5. BdS, Metternich et la France, II/894–5; MM, IV/143, 111
6. Liang, 21, 23; HHSA, Diplomatische Korrespondenz, Deutsche Akten, Alte serie, 135; Hüber, 154
7. Wilmot, 41; Sealsfield, 84–5
8. Sealsfield, 85
9. Sealsfield, 31–2; Wilmot, 41; HHSA, Inneres Polizei, PHSt, 26, 8446, 3906, 3755
10. Emerson, 122, 125
11. ÖStA, AVA, Inneres, Polizei, PHst 824, 9039, 8060, 9328, 603, 8446; HHSA, Diplomatische Korrespondenz, Deutsche Akten, alte serie, 135; Carte Segrete, II/7–138
12. HHSA, PHSt, Notenwechsel, 56/4, 5, 6; Gebhardt, 167–70; HStAS, Bestand, E 50/01; HHStAW, Abt, 211, Nr. 16210, 904
13. Bibl, Wiener Polizei, 314; Gebhardt, 169
14. Emerson, 51
15. Beyle, Rome, Naples et Florence, 101, 166, 172; Emerson, 65
16. Carte Segrete, II/231–64
17. Origo, 301–5; BdS, Metternich et la France, II/592
18. Hughes, 67–8
19. Hughes, 75–7
20. BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 173; Carte Segrete, II/271, I/402–516, 371–97; Witt, xiii, 7–8, 25, 85ff; Spitzer, 65; AN, F/7/6684, dossier 2, 6686, 6688, 6689
21. Roberts, 322; Andryane, I/104–5; AN, F/7/6667, 6685, 6686
22. Witt, 134–5
23. AN, F/7/6685
24. AN, F/7/6685
25. Confalonieri, I/153–82; Nicholas Mikhailovich, Doniesienia, 280
Chapter 21: Mutiny
1. Grimsted, 63
2. Hingley, 21; Oleinikov, 106; Saint Glin, 36, 24ff, 378
3. Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, I/266
4. Flynn, 100
5. Flynn, 104, 111
6. Shishkov, 1101; see also K Istorii Russkoi Tsenzury; Monas; 136; Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/267–8
7. Rey, 395–6, 447; Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, I/514; Boigne, III/194–6
8. Ley, 281–2
9. Monas, 52; Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/252; Riasanovsky, A Parting of Ways, 85; Turgenev, I/101–5, 106–8; Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, II/263–4; HHSA, Staatskanzlei, Notenwechsel, 56, 1
10. Turgenev, I/119, 174–5; Mazour, 132
11. Turgenev, I/176
12. Mazour, 151, 114
13. Kulomzin; Maistre, Correspondance diplomatique, II/178, 233, 308; Polovtsov, Diplomaticheskie Snoshenia, 65; Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, II/417–22
14. Monas, 46; Dubrovin, Bumagi, 157; Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/548–50; Oleinikov, 192–3; Gernet, I/172–3, 175
15. Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/203, 204–15; Gentz, Dépèches, III/71–3; Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, I/1/170
16. Shilder, Imperator Aleksandr, IV/337ff, 410ff; Imperator Nikolai, I/1/177ff; Borovkov, 331–5; Benckendorff, Zapiska, 82–6; Edelman, 44
17. Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, I/2/623–6
18. Mezhdutsarstvie, 39, 89, 16; Villamov, 96, 113; Mazour, 163ff; Edelman, 48, 50; see also Nesselrode, 270, 272
19. AAE, MD 43, Russie, 28, 122; AAE, CP 112 Russie, 169, 170; Custine, La Russie, II/39–44
20. Marmont, VIII/36; Lubomirski, 258
21. Lubomirski, 65; Dubrovin, Materialy, 21, 41, 37; Mezhdutsarstvie, 11; Grunwald, 23–5; Polievktov, 10
22. Grunwald, 23–5
23. Lubomirski, 202; Grunwald, 84–5; Nicholas I, Perepiska, 131
24. Mezhdutsarstvie, 87
25. Grunwald, 64; Raeff, 27; Borovkov, 335ff
26. Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, I/2/635–8; Monas, 76
27. Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, I/2/525, 434; Vock, 172–3; Borovkov, 341
28. Mezhdutsarstvie, 101; Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, I/2/423, 425–6, 521; Neumann, 132; Grunwald, 81
29. Turgenev, I/192–3; Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, I/2/429–430; see also Moriolles, 135–6
Chapter 22: Cleansing
1. Polievktov, 75
2. Oleinikov, 183; Benckendorff, Vospominania, 305
3. Oleinikov, 229–30, 235–6, 254, 274
4. Oleinikov, 104; Kulomzin, 214; Monas, 47; Squire, 46–7; Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, I/1/163–4, I/2/493; Tolki i nastroienie, 677; Nicholas Mikhailovich, L’Empereur Alexandre, II/271–5; May, I/99
5. Benckendorff, Proiekt, 104, 615–16; see also Gershenzon, 163–5
6. Oleinikov, 269, 288; Vock, 168; Monas, 101
7. Dubelt, 495; Squire, The Third Department, 59; Stogov, 108; Oleinikov, 267, 270; Monas, 65
8. Benckendorff, Instruktsia; Nicholas Mikhailovich, l’Empereur Alexandre, I/266
9. Vock, 183
10. Vock, 175; Trotskii, 18; Dmitriev, 259–60; Oleinikov, 106; Vock, 193; Dmitriev, 259, 261
11. Oleinikov, 233; Trotskii, 18, 21
12. Trotskii, 28–30; Monas, 66–8; Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, I/2/427–9
13. Vock, 185, 189; Trotskii, 31; Bokova, 591ff, 611
14. Trotskii, 34–6; Monas, 80–1
15. Trotskii, 36–8
16. Ruud, 14–15; Anisimov, 13, 26ff, 50–2, 80–1, 147; Czerska, 109–10
17. Monas, 90–1; Bokova, 591ff; Trotskii, 33; Shilder, Dva Donosa, 518–35; Monas, 90–1, 116
18. Shilder, Dva Donosa, 67–84
19. Shilder, Dva Donosa, 85–7, 628–9
20. Riasanovsky, Nicholas I, 231; Monas, 12
21. Gershenzon, 130–1, 139
22. Benckendorff, Pismo, 1753–8
23. Trotskii, 16–17
24. May, II/309
25. Constantine Pavlovich
26. Dubrovin, Bumagi, 479, 534–42; Monas, 86, 82–3
Chapter 23: Counter-Revolution
1. Broglie, II/416; Marmont, VIII/3–4; Année, II/507ff
2. BdS, Metternich et la France, III/1123–5, 1127; Metternich et son Temps, 212
3. Année, IV/1–2
4. Turgenev, I/185; BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 187; MM, IV/418, 350; Lebzeltern, 474–5; Gentz, Dépèches, III/61, 74, 76–7
5. BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 28
6. Merriman, 103; Lamartine, VIII/61
7. Broglie, III/157; Burleigh, 135; Cubitt, 16, 20, 25
8. AN, F/7/6997, 14282; Marmont, VIII/186–9
9. AN, F/7/6997, 1827, 6991, 6988, 6668
10. Canler, 94
11. AN, F/7/6767, 3880, 6753, 4174
12. Blanc, I/125
13. Marmont, VIII/238ff
14. AN, F/7/4174
15. Broglie, III/258
16. Haussez, II/232–3, 236; Broglie, IV/11; Blanc, I/112
17. AN, F/7/4174
18. Broglie, III/304; Béranger, 241
19. Boigne, III/342ff; Claveau, 9ff
20. Blanc, I/140ff, 193
21. Wellington, Despatches, VII/183; Blanc, I/199
22. Wierzbitski, 265
23. Baack, 234–6; Wegert, 108
24. Marmont, VIII/346; Lieven, Correspondence, II/36; Wellington, Despatches, VII/172
25. Wakefield, 26; Wallas, 244; TNA, HO 44/20, 21
26. Rudé, The Crowd, 150, 151–5; Archer, 17–18
27. Hobsbawm and Rudé, 254
28. McCalman, 28–9, 181
29. Hobsbawm and Rudé, 253, 255–6; Wellington, Despatches, VII/321
30. Lieven, Correspondence, II/74–5
Chapter 24: Jupiter Tonans
1. BsS, Metternich et la France, III/1358–62
2. Bibl, Metternich, 213
3. MM, V/23; Nesselrode, VII/152
4. Bibl, Metternich. Der Dämon, 251–5
5. Baack, 232, 166–9
6. Nicholas I, Perepiska, 36; Grunwald, 115
7. Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, II/1/318
8. Moriolles, 277
9. Sidorova, 67; Skarbek, 228; Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, II/2/455; Polievtkov, 121, 3; Dubrovin, Materialy, 12–14
10. Benckendorff, Imperator Nikolai, 13, 11, 5–6
11. Pienkos, 43–4, 47
12. Nicholas I, Perepiska, 42–3
13. Nicholas I, Perepiska, 36; Tatishchev, Imperator Nikolai, 65; Nicholas I, Perepiska, 67–8; Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, II/2/472–3; Sidorova, 69–70
14. Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, II/2/471; Grunwald, 129–30
15. The Portfolio, 3; Kosellek, 419
16. Reinerman, Austria and the Papacy, I/169
17. Thürheim, III/322–4
18. Lieven, Letters, 235, 246, 259
19. Fraser, 44; Lieven, Letters, 268; Wellington, Despatches, VII/354
20. TNA, HO 44/21, f.415
21. Ascoli, 98–9
22. Greville, II/68, 75, 77
23. Greville, II/99, 108
24. Wellington, Despatches, VII/355–6, 373, 375
25. MM, V/30, 46, 53, 152–4, 126–7, 138; BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 170
26. Emerson, 134
27. Seide, 159–60; MM, V/73, 76, 80
28. Bibl, Metternich, 213–14, 215
29. Apponyi, I/429
30. Sked, Metternich, 121; Bibl, Metternich, 219–23; Sweet, 300
31. Lieven, Letters, 289, 298, 300; Wellington, Despatches, VII/444, 352–3, 451
32. Nesselrode, VII/173; Lieven, Letters, 304, 324
33. Hobsbawm and Rudé, 259–62; Rudé, The Crowd, 155
34. Wellington, Despatches, VII/543–4, 556–7; Wallas, 295–6
35. Palmer, 389; Fraser, 169
36. Wellington, Despatches, VIII/30–3, 35; Fraser, xiii
Chapter 25: Scandals
1. Mann, 281–2
2. Mann, 299–300, 301–2, 304–5; Bibl, Metternich, 221
3. MM, V/536, 48, 58, 59, 222; Bibl, Metternich, 218; Lieven, Correspondence, II/104
4. Sked, Metternich, 20–1
5. Wegert, 103; Neigebaur
6. Bibl, Metternich in neuer Beleuchtung, 221–3; Metternich, 256–9; Baack, 249–53
7. Wierzbitski, I/265–6
8. Bibl, Metternich in neuer Beleuchtung, 303–5, 247; HHSA, Staatskanzlei, Diplomatische Korrespondenz, Deutsche Akten, alte serie, 217; Wierzbitski, I/267
9. MM, V/319
10. Bibl, Metternich in neuer Beleuchtung, 311
11. Wallas, 310
12. Wallas, 301ff
13. Bibl, Metternich in neuer Beleuchtung, 318
14. MM, V/286; Müller, 25–6; Bibl, Metternich in neuer Beleuchtung, 327–9; Siemann, 87; Bibl, Metternich, 261
15. MM, V/351, 368
16. Bibl, Metternich, 237
17. Wierzbitski, 267; Clark, Iron Kingdom, 440, 446–7
18. Siemann, 213–15; Legge, 116; HStAD, Best. G 2 A, Nr. 52/5
19. Wegert, 178
20. Wegert, 198ff; Obenaus, 118; Hüber, 153
21. Obenaus, 118–19; Hüber, 152
22. Bibl, Metternich. Der Dämon, 262; Metternich in neuer Beleuchtung, 190–2, 369, 197; Meyendorff, I/24
23. Meyendorff, I/33–7
24. Bibl, Metternich, 247
25. Bibl, Metternich, 240; see also Tatishchev, Imperator Nikolai, 69–78
26. Bibl, Metternich, 240–2
27. MM, V/603, 617
28. Duggan, 26
29. Mack Smith, Mazzini, 121
30. MM, IV/267
31. ÖStA, AVA, Inneres Polizei, PHSt H22, 1093; HStAD, Best. GA, Nr. 52/5; Fenner von Fenneberg, 131–2; HHSA, Staatskanzlei, Notenwechsel, 57; HHSA, Statenabteilung, Frankreich, Varia, 99
32. Bibl, Metternich in neuer Beleuchtung, 422; HHSA, Statenabteilung, Frankreich, Varia, 99; Noiriel, 62; Grandjonc, 12, 90–1; MM/V/599; Siemann, 130–3; Reiter, 28–32
33. Meyendorff, I/58–60
34. Squire, Metternich and Benckendorff, 161, 369, 370, 380; MM, VI/83
35. Squire, Metternich and Benckendorff, 376
36. MM, VI/52
37. Wellington, Despatches, VIII/368; Fraser, 264; Southey, VI/175, 213, 222; Bibl, Metternich in neuer Beleuchtung, 358
38. Harrison, 60, 4, 292–301; Ascoli, 104–5
39. Dino, I/185, 220, 254; Moore, 222; MM, V/292, 621–3
Chapter 26: Sewers
1. Gisquet, I/241
2. La Hodde, 12ff
3. La Hodde, 66–7; Chenu, 12
4. La Hodde, 67–8; Gisquet, I/366
5. Dumas, II/343, 508
6. Blanc, III/202
7. La Hodde, 145; Perreux, 64, 49; Gisquet, I/366; Guizot, Mémoires, III/205ff
8. Chevalier, xx–xxiii
9. Perreux, 19, 364
10. Gisquet, I/464, 471–3; Noiriel, 46, 50–2; AN F/7/6758, 6988
11. Gisquet, II/16–17, 29, 36; Chenu, 25–7, 29–30; Merriman, 10, 114
12. Perreux, 307–9, 361–2
13. Perreux, 310–13
14. Lieven, The Correspondence of Lord Aberdeen, 39; Maillé, 93; Trollope, Paris, I/130, 321ff
15. Joinville, 249
16. Du Camp, L’Attentat Fieschi, 63–6, 140, 149–51; Blanc, II/137; there were also large sections of the public who imagined his reported undying love for Lassave to have a redeeming quality that turned him into a kind of hero in their minds. See, for example, Dino, II/13
17. MM, VI/46–7, 148; Dino, II/78–9
18. Lieven, The Correspondence of Lord Aberdeen, 50; Girardin, I/45
19. Rémusat, III/383
20. Rémusat, III/406; Antonetti, 818; Tulard, 80
21. Aubouin, 327–8
22. Chevalier, 225
23. Rémusat, III/390
24. Girardin, II/202; Lieven, The Correspondence of Lord Aberdeen, 53–4, 57, 63, 74, 125; Maillé, 94
25. Guizot, Mémoires, VIII/1ff; Rémusat, III/377
26. Rémusat, III/382; Du Camp, L’Attentat Fieschi, 270–1
27. La Hodde, 402–5, 474
Chapter 27: The China of Europe
1. Royle, 183, 189
2. The Annual Register 1838, 204–5
3. Rudé, The Crowd, 156
4. Hilton, 612–13; Rudé, The Crowd, 182–4; Palmer, 455ff
5. Freitag, 211
6. Squire, Metternich and Benckendorff, 377
7. MM, VI/364
8. Squire, Metternich and Benckendorff, 383–5
9. Squire, Metternich and Benckendorff, 387–8
10. Gisquet, I/464, 471–3; Noiriel, 46; AN F/7/6758, 6988
11. ÖStA, AVA, Inneres, Polizei, PHSt 9039, 420, 821; MM, VII/209
12. BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 110, 115
13. Sked, Metternich, 167–8; Emerson, 45–6; Maistre, Correpondance diplomatique, II/244; Vaillé, 316
14. BdS, Metternich et son Temps, 117
15. Maistre, Correspondance diplomatique, II/242–4; Squire, Metternich and Benckendorff, 160
16. Vaillé, 354–5, 361–3, 376
17. Schenk, 77–8
18. Schenk, 77; Gebhardt, 171; Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 300, 302–6; Mack Smith, Victor Emmanuel, 7
19. La Harpe, III/590; Carte Segrete, II/306; MM, VII/140; Bibl, Metternich, 283
20. Emerson, 153; Schenk, 154–5; Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 300
21. Sked, Metternich, 146–9
22. Emerson, 151; Schenk, 78; Zamoyski, Holy Madness, 198; Sked, Metternich, 146; Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 290
23. Bachleitner, The Politics, 101–3
24. Keates, 31–2
25. Keates, 32
26. Duggan, 152–4
27. Bachleitner, Quellen, 60–9
28. Bachleitner, The Politics, 98–101
29. Marx, Julius, Die österreichische Zensur, 15, 10; Emerson, 181
Chapter 28: A Mistake
1. Grunwald, 115–16; Blanc, IV/203; Marmont, IX/58; Tatishchev, Vneshniaia Politika, 12–18
2. Nikolai Pervyi, I/112–14; Shilder, Imperator Nikolai, II/2/563–4; Tatishchev, Imperator Nikolai, 142–55
3. Squire, Metternich and Benckendorff, 155; Henningsen, I/134–7
4. Marmier, I/250
5. Nesserlode, Lettres, VIII/243–4
6. Lieven, The Lieven–Palmerston Correspondence, 156, 199, 235, 238, 250; Monas, 232; Custine, La Russie, III/107
7. Uvarov, Desiatiletie, 2
8. Uvarov, Desiatiletie, 3
9. Riasanovsky, Russian Identities, 135–6
10. Whittaker, 118
11. Herzen, I/105; Riasanovsky, Russian Identities, 136
12. Riasanovsky, Russian Identities, 145; Nicholas I, 217–18
13. Monas, 194–5
14. Oleinikov, 305
15. Oleinikov, 273, 294–6; Gershenzon, 136–7
16. Monas, 134; Gershenzon, 135; Lemke, 50
17. Monas, 121; Riasanovsky, A Parting of Ways, 247; Nicholas I, 222–3
18. Kohn, 112
19. Riasanovsky, Nicholas I, 229; Monas, 12; Okhranienie, 24; Figes, 61; Tatishchev, Imperator Nikolai, 12–18
20. Herzen, I/134–5, 194, II/433; Monas, 125, 129
21. Herzen, II/436; Marmier, I/262; Trotskii, 70; Oleinikov, 300, 303–4; Monas, 122
22. Dubelt, 501
23. Trotskii, 57–8
24. Trotskii, 66, 70
25. Monas, 64; Oleinikov, 277; Trotskii, 53
26. Selivanov, 291, 299–316
27. Marmier, I/263; Squire, 216, 218–19; Herzen, II/427–8; Bloomfield, I/315–16; see also Henningsen, I/181–96
28. Golovine, I/234, 236–7
29. Herzen, II/457; Monas, 79; Brus, 239
30. Monas, 111–2
31. Milchina, 33; Zhurnaly Komiteta; Trotskii, 25–7; Monas, 278; Riasanovsky, Nicholas I, 210
32. Grunwald, 231, 233; Smirnova-Rosset, 370–1; Riasanovsky, A Parting of Ways, 246; Nesselrode, Lettres, VIII/199, 201, 234, 244
Chapter 29: Polonism
1. Tatishchev, Vneshniaia Politika, 25
2. Obenaus, 121; Legge, 144
3. Barclay, 49–50
4. Barclay, 63; Meyendorff, I/166
5. Meyendorff, I/205, 164, 127; Dino, III/307–8
6. Wierzbitski, II/214
7. Lüdtke, 69
8. Lüdtke, 134, 148; Best, 211
9. Townsend, 19
10. Meyendorff, I/312–13, 320; Nesselrode, Lettres, VIII/276
11. Hamerow, 19–20; Ludtke, 80–1
12. Hamerow, 77
13. MM, VII/52; Bibl, Metternich, 298
14. MM, VII/48, 47–51
15. MM, VII/89–91, 379
16. MM, VII/5, 7, passim; The Annual Register 1844, 454–5
17. MM, VII/169, 168, 193, 171–219, 242; Bibl, Metternich, 272
18. Sked, The Survival of the Habsburg Empire, 164ff
19. Bibl, Metternich, 273, 272
20. MM, VII/201, 200, 210–11, 205–6, 209
21. MM, VII/281–92
22. MM, VII/227–30
23. Mack Smith, Victor Emmanuel, 7, 24; Duggan, 77
24. Davis, 132–3, 137; Hughes, 138
25. Davis, 60, 110
26. Mack Smith, Victor Emmanuel, 8
27. MM, VII/249
28. Namier, 5; MM, VII/334, 330
29. Rath, The Viennese Revolution, 7; Sked, The Survival of the Habsburg Empire; Zamoyski, Holy Madness, 301; MM, VII/334, 424
30. Bibl, Metternich, 278
Chapter 30: Satan on the Loose
1. MM, VII/583
2. Tocqueville, 615, 603, 757–9
3. Langer, 91–2
4. Antonetti, 839, 887
5. Marie Amélie, 537–8; Gronow, 180
6. Boigne, IV/402–3
7. Gronow, 181; La Hodde, 449, Du Camp, Souvenirs, 21–3; Canler, 371
8. Du Camp, Souvenirs, 57ff
9. Barrot, I/504–5
10. Bouyssy, 80–1
11. Bouyssy, 81–2, 118, 42
12. Marie Amélie, 538–9
13. Barrot, I/218
14. Gronow, 183; Du Camp, Souvenirs, 109; Tocqueville, 798–9
15. Apponyi, IV/153, 159
16. Bibl, Metternich, 300; Riasanovsky, Nicholas I, 4; Barclay, 134
17. Smirnova-Rosset, 358; Grunwald, 248
18. Bibl, Metternich, 302
19. Bibl, Die Wiener Polizei, 321–9; Metternich, 310–11, 314
20. Nesselrode, Lettres, IX/70
21. Barclay, 142–3; Westmorland, Priscilla, 119, 127; Stadelmann, 4
22. Zamoyski, Holy Madness, 346
23. Rudé, The Crowd, 179; Palmer, 482ff
24. Riasanovsky, Nicholas I, 5
25. Monas, 239–40, 242; Riasanovsky, Nicholas I, 209; Grunwald, 261
26. Marx, Karl, Class Struggles, 52; Antonetti, 919
27. Berlioz, 51
28. Herzen, IV/249
29. Nesselrode, Lettres, IX/181–2
30. Rudé, The Crowd, 169
31. Stadelmann, 13, 68, 75ff, 42–4
32. Marx, Karl, Class Struggles, 38; Hughes, 63
33. Herzen, III/91–2, II/673
Aftermath
1. Lucas, 63
2. Mazzini, 117