Answers to Exercises

Exercise 1–2, page 11

  1. b; a is too vague
  2. a; b is too broad
  3. a; b is a question
  4. b; a is too vague
  5. b; a is a statement of fact

Exercise 2–1, page 17

Topic sentence: Quilt making has served as an important means of social, political, and artistic expression for women. Eliminate the following sentence: They used dyed cotton fabrics much like the fabrics quilters use today; surprisingly, quilters’ basic materials haven’t changed that much over the years.

Exercise 5–1, page 57

logos; ethos; pathos

Exercise 8–1, page 83

Possible revisions:

  1. The Prussians defeated the Saxons in 1745.
  2. Ahmed, the producer, manages the entire operation.
  3. The tour guides expertly paddled the sea kayaks.
  4. Correct
  5. The congresswoman heard the protestors’ shouts as she walked up the Capitol steps.

Exercise 9–1, page 86

Possible revisions:

  1. Police dogs are used for finding lost children, tracking criminals, and detecting bombs and illegal drugs.
  2. Hannah told her rock-climbing partner that she bought a new harness and that she wanted to climb Otter Cliffs.
  3. It is more difficult to sustain an exercise program than to start one.
  4. During basic training, I was told not only what to do but also what to think.
  5. Jan wanted to drive either to wine country or to Sausalito.

Exercise 10–1, page 89

Possible revisions:

  1. Oranges provide more vitamin C than any other fruit.
  2. The women entering the military academy can expect haircuts as short as those of the male cadets.
  3. Looking out the family room window, Sarah saw that her favorite tree, which she had climbed as a child, was gone.
  4. The graphic designers are interested in and knowledgeable about producing posters for the balloon race.
  5. My town’s high school is much larger than the neighboring town’s high school.

Exercise 11–1, page 91

Possible revisions:

  1. Using surgical gloves is a precaution now taken by dentists to prevent contact with patients’ blood and saliva.
  2. A career in medicine, which my brother is pursuing, requires at least ten years of challenging work.
  3. The pharaohs had bad teeth because tiny particles of sand found their way into Egyptian bread.
  4. Recurring bouts of flu caused the team to forfeit a record number of games.
  5. This box contains the key to your future.

Exercise 12–1, page 94

Possible revisions:

  1. The manager asked her employees to submit their reports today if they had time.
  2. Many students graduate from college with debt totaling more than fifty thousand dollars.
  3. It is a myth that humans use only 10 percent of their brains.
  4. When she looked in the closet, Daria found the old nightgown she used to wear to sleep.
  5. Not all geese fly beyond Narragansett for the winter.

Exercise 12–2, page 95

Possible revisions:

  1. To complete an online purchase with a credit card, you must enter the expiration date and the security code.
  2. Though Martha was only sixteen, UCLA accepted her application.
  3. As I settled in the cockpit, the pounding of the engine was muffled only slightly by my helmet.
  4. After studying polymer chemistry, Phuong found computer games less complex.
  5. When I was a young man, my mother enrolled me in tap dance classes.

Exercise 13–1, page 97

Possible revisions:

Exercise 14–1, page 101

Possible revisions:

  1. The X-Men comic books and Japanese woodcuts of kabuki dancers, all part of Marlena’s research project on popular culture, covered the tabletop and the chairs.
  2. Our waitress, costumed in a kimono, had painted her face white and had arranged her hair in a beehive.
  3. Students can apply for a spot in the leadership program, which teaches thinking and communication skills.
  4. Shore houses were flooded, beaches were washed away, and Brant’s Lighthouse was swallowed by the sea.
  5. Laura Thackray, an engineer at Volvo, addressed women’s safety needs by designing a pregnant crash-test dummy.

Exercise 14–2, page 103

Possible revisions:

  1. These particles, known as “stealth liposomes,” can hide in the body for a long time without detection.
  2. Irena, a competitive gymnast majoring in biochemistry, intends to apply her athletic experience and her science degree to a career in sports medicine.
  3. Because students, textile workers, and labor unions have loudly protested sweatshop abuses, apparel makers have been forced to examine their labor practices.
  4. Developed in a European university, IRC (Internet relay chat) was created as a way for a group of graduate students to talk about projects from their dorm rooms.
  5. The cafeteria’s new menu, which has an international flavor, includes everything from enchiladas and pizza to pad thai and sauerbraten.

Exercise 16–1, page 110

Possible revisions:

  1. Martin Luther King Jr. set a high standard for future leaders.
  2. Alice has loved cooking since she could first peek over a kitchen tabletop.
  3. Bloom’s race for the governorship is futile.
  4. A successful graphic designer must have technical knowledge and an eye for color and balance.
  5. You will set up email for all employees.

Exercise 17–1, page 115

Possible revisions:

  1. Dr. Geralyn Farmer is the chief surgeon at University Hospital. Dr. Paul Green is her assistant.
  2. All applicants want to know how much they will earn.
  3. Elementary school teachers should understand the concept of nurturing if they intend to be effective.
  4. Obstetricians need to be available to their patients at all hours.
  5. If we do not stop polluting our environment, we will perish.

Exercise 18–1, page 119

Possible revisions:

  1. John stormed into the room like a hurricane.
  2. Some people insist that they’ll always be available to help, even when they haven’t been before.
  3. The Cubs easily beat the Mets, who were in trouble early in the game today at Wrigley Field.
  4. We worked out the problems in our relationship.
  5. My mother accused me of evading her questions when in fact I was just saying the first thing that came to mind.

Exercise 20–1, page 131

Possible revisions:

  1. Listening to the CD her sister had sent, Mia was overcome with a mix of emotions: happiness, homesickness, and nostalgia.
  2. Cortés and his soldiers were astonished when they looked down from the mountains and saw Tenochtitlán, the magnificent capital of the Aztecs.
  3. Although my spoken Spanish is not very good, I can read the language with ease.
  4. There are several reasons for not eating meat. One reason is that dangerous chemicals are used throughout the various stages of meat production.
  5. To learn how to sculpt beauty from everyday life is my intention in studying art and archaeology.

Exercise 21–1, page 135

Possible revisions:

  1. The city had one public swimming pool, which stayed packed with children all summer long.
  2. The building is being renovated, so at times we have no heat, water, or electricity.
  3. The view was not what the travel agent had described. Where were the rolling hills and the shimmering rivers?
  4. Walker’s coming-of-age novel is set against a gloomy scientific backdrop; the Earth’s rotation has begun to slow down.
  5. City officials had good reason to fear a major earthquake: most [or Most] of the business district was built on landfill.

Exercise 22–1, page 141

  1. One of the main reasons for elephant poaching is the profits received from selling the ivory tusks.
  2. Correct
  3. A number of students in the seminar were aware of the importance of joining the discussion.
  4. Batik cloth from Bali, blue and white ceramics from Delft, and a bocce ball from Turin have made Angelie’s room the talk of the dorm.
  5. Correct

Exercise 23–1, page 144

Possible revisions:

  1. Every presidential candidate must appeal to a wide variety of ethnic and social groups to win the election.
  2. If someone wants to ride David’s motorcycle, they have to wear a helmet. [or] Anyone who wants to ride David’s motorcycle has to wear a helmet.
  3. The trainer motioned for all the students to move their arms in wide, slow circles.
  4. Correct
  5. Applicants should be bilingual if they want to qualify for this position.

Exercise 24–1, page 147

Possible revisions:

  1. Some professors say that engineering students should have hands-on experience with dismantling and reassembling machines.
  2. Because she had decorated her living room with posters from chamber music festivals, her date thought that she was interested in classical music. Actually she preferred rock.
  3. The high school principal congratulated the seniors who were graduating later that day.
  4. Marianne told Jenny, “I am worried about your mother’s illness.” [or “. . . about my mother’s illness.”]
  5. Though Lewis cried for several minutes after scraping his knee, eventually his crying subsided.

Exercise 25–1, page 152

  1. Correct [But the writer could change the end of the sentence: . . . than he was.]
  2. Correct [But the writer could change the end of the sentence: . . . that she was the coach.]
  3. She appreciated his telling the truth in such a difficult situation.
  4. The director has asked you and me to draft a proposal for a new recycling plan.
  5. Five close friends and I rented an SUV, packed it with food, and drove two hundred miles to Mardi Gras.

Exercise 26–1, page 154

  1. Correct
  2. The environmental policy conference featured scholars whom I had never heard of. [or . . . scholars I had never heard of.]
  3. Correct
  4. Daniel always gives a holiday donation to whoever needs it.
  5. The singers whom Natalia selected for the choir attended their first rehearsal last night. [or The singers Natalia selected . . .]

Exercise 27–1, page 159

  1. Do you expect to perform well on the nursing board exam next week?
  2. With the budget deadline approaching, our office has been handling routine correspondence more slowly than we usually do.
  3. Correct
  4. The customer complained that he hadn’t been treated nicely by the agent on the phone.
  5. Of all the smart people in my family, Uncle Roberto is the cleverest [or most clever].

Exercise 28–1, page 165

  1. The glass sculptures of the Swan Boats were prominent in the brightly lit lobby.
  2. When I get the urge to exercise, I lie down until it passes.
  3. Grandmother had driven our new hybrid to the sunrise church service, so we were left with the van.
  4. Christos didn’t know about Marlo’s promotion because he never listens. He is [or He’s] always talking.
  5. A pile of dirty rags was lying at the bottom of the stairs.

Exercise 28–2, page 169

  1. Correct
  2. Watson and Crick discovered the mechanism that controls inheritance in all life: the workings of the DNA molecule.
  3. When city planners proposed rezoning the waterfront, did they know that the mayor had promised to curb development in that neighborhood?
  4. Tonight’s concert begins at 9:30. If it were earlier, I’d consider going.
  5. Correct

Exercise 29–1, page 172

  1. A major league pitcher can throw a baseball more than ninety-five miles per hour.
  2. The writing center tutor will help you revise your essay.
  3. A reptile must adjust its body temperature to its environment.
  4. Correct
  5. My uncle, a cartoonist, could sketch a face in less than a minute.

Exercise 29–2, page 178

  1. Freezing rain causes an icy glaze on trees.
  2. I don’t use the subway because I am claustrophobic.
  3. Recently there have been a number of earthquakes in Turkey.
  4. Whenever we eat at the café, we sit at a small table in the corner of the room.
  5. In the 1990s, entrepreneurs created new online businesses in record numbers.

Exercise 30–1, page 183

  1. The cold, impersonal atmosphere of the university was unbearable.
  2. An ambulance threaded its way through police cars, fire trucks, and irate citizens.
  3. Correct
  4. After two broken arms, three cracked ribs, and one concussion, Ken quit the varsity football team.
  5. Correct

Exercise 30–2, page 190

  1. Cricket, which originated in England, is also popular in Australia, South Africa, and India.
  2. At the sound of the starting pistol, the horses surged forward toward the first obstacle, a sharp incline three feet high.
  3. After seeing an exhibition of Western art, Gerhard Richter escaped from East Berlin and smuggled out many of his notebooks.
  4. Corrie’s new wet suit has an intricate blue pattern.
  5. We replaced the rickety old spiral staircase with a sturdy new ladder.

Exercise 31–1, page 194

  1. Correct
  2. Tricia’s first artwork was a bright blue clay dolphin.
  3. Some modern musicians (trumpeter Jon Hassell is an example) blend several cultural traditions into a unique sound.
  4. Myra liked hot, spicy foods such as chili, kung pao chicken, and buffalo wings.
  5. On the display screen was a soothing pattern of light and shadow.

Exercise 32–1, page 200

  1. Correct [Either it or It is correct.]
  2. If we have come to fight, we are far too few; if we have come to die, we are far too many.
  3. The travel package includes a round-trip ticket to Athens, a cruise through the Cyclades, and all hotel accommodations.
  4. The news article portrays the land use proposal as reckless, although 62 percent of the town’s residents support it.
  5. Strong black coffee will not sober you up; the truth is that time is the only way to get alcohol out of your system.

Exercise 33–1, page 204

  1. Correct
  2. The innovative shoe fastener was inspired by the designer’s young son.
  3. Each day’s menu features a different European country’s dish.
  4. Sue worked overtime to increase her family’s earnings.
  5. Ms. Jacobs is unwilling to listen to students’ complaints about computer failures.

Exercise 34–1, page 209

  1. As for the advertisement “Sailors have more fun,” if you consider chipping paint and swabbing decks fun, then you will have plenty of it.
  2. Correct
  3. After winning the lottery, Juanita said that she would give half the money to charity.
  4. After the movie, Vicki said, “The reviewer called this flick ‘trash of the first order.’ I guess you can’t believe everything you read.”
  5. Correct

Exercise 36–1, page 214

  1. A client left a [or their] cell phone in our conference room after the meeting.
  2. The films we made of Kilauea on our trip to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park illustrate a typical spatter cone eruption.
  3. Correct
  4. Of three engineering fields—chemical, mechanical, and materials—Keegan chose materials engineering for its application to toy manufacturing.
  5. Correct

Exercise 38–1, page 223

  1. The Williams sisters were the heroes of my entire high school tennis team.
  2. The swiftly moving tugboat pulled alongside the barge and directed it away from the oil spill in the harbor.
  3. We managed to get the most desirable seats in the theater.
  4. As a livestock veterinarian, she cares for horses, donkeys, cows, and other large farm animals.
  5. Roadblocks were set up along all the major highways leading out of the city.

Exercise 39–1, page 226

  1. Assistant Dean Shirin Ahmadi recommended offering more world language courses.
  2. Correct
  3. Kalindi has an ambitious semester, studying differential calculus, classical Hebrew, brochure design, and Greek literature.
  4. Lydia’s aunt and uncle make modular houses as beautiful as modernist works of art.
  5. We amused ourselves on the long flight by discussing how spring in Kyoto stacks up against summer in London.

Exercise 40–1, page 236

  1. indefinite pronoun, verb with helping verb, preposition
  2. verb, adverb, noun
  3. preposition, conjunction (conjunctive adverb), pronoun
  4. noun/adjective, modal verb, conjunction
  5. demonstrative pronoun, verb, subordinating conjunction

Exercise 41–1, page 239

  1. Complete subjects: The hills and mountains, the snow atop them; simple subjects: hills, mountains, snow
  2. Complete subject: points; simple subject: points
  3. Complete subject: (You)
  4. Complete subject: hundreds of fireflies; simple subject: hundreds
  5. Complete subject: The evidence against the defendant; simple subject: evidence

Exercise 42–1, page 251

  1. so that every vote would count (adverb clause modifying adjusted)
  2. that targets baby boomers (adjective clause modifying campaign)
  3. After the Tambora volcano erupted in the southern Pacific in 1815 (adverb clause modifying realized); that it would contribute to the “year without a summer” in Europe and North America (noun clause used as direct object of realized)
  4. that at a certain point there will be no more oil to extract from the earth (noun clause used as direct object of implies)
  5. when you are rushing (adverb clause modifying are overlooked)

Exercise 43–1, page 253

  1. Complex; that are ignited in dry areas (adjective clause)
  2. Compound
  3. Simple
  4. Complex; Before we leave for the station (adverb clause)
  5. Compound-complex; when you want to leave (noun clause)