5d Evaluate how fairly a writer handles opposing views.

The way in which a writer deals with opposing views is telling. Some writers address the arguments of the opposition fairly, conceding points when necessary and countering others, all in a civil spirit. Other writers will do almost anything to win an argument: either ignoring opposing views altogether or misrepresenting such views and attacking their proponents.

Writers build credibility—ethos—by addressing opposing arguments fairly. As you read arguments, evaluate how writers deal with views that don’t line up with their own. Trustworthy writers deal with opposing arguments by

• respectfully acknowledging counterpositions
• incorporating elements of the opposition into their arguments
• using precise language to describe opposing views
• quoting opposing views accurately and fairly
• not misrepresenting a source by taking it out of context
• finding common ground among differing positions

Checklist for reading and evaluating arguments

• What is the writer’s thesis, or central claim?
• Are there any gaps in reasoning?
• On what assumptions does the argument rest? Are any of the assumptions unstated?
• What appeals—ethical, logical, or emotional—does the writer make? Are these appeals effective?
• What evidence does the writer use? Could there be alternative interpretations of the evidence?
• How does the writer handle opposing views?
• If you are not persuaded by the writer’s argument, what counterarguments would you make to the writer?